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- 31-Jan-2005.Previous investigators have found unbalanced synthesis of Hb F, with γ chain synthesized from 30% to 68% as efficiently as α chain. In this report, biosynthetic studies of 9 umbilical cord bloods and 6 sickle-cell bloods with elevated levels of Hb F gave an efficiency of 47 ± 3% for γ-chain synthesis relative to α-chain synthesis. Amino acid analysis of the minor zones in chain separation chromatograms showed that two peaks, one eluting before and one after γ chain, contain products of γ-chain mRNA. These peaks, however, are insufficient to explain the discrepancy in γ-chain synthesis. A likely explanation for the reduced γ-chain synthesis is that γ-chain mRNA may have a shorter effective lifetime than α - or β-chain mRNA. There would thus be a progressive imbalance in Hb F synthesis after the blood cell leaves the bone marrow and mRNA synthesis stops. A timed study of a single cord blood, with times ranging from 2.5 minutes to 4 hours, showed that incorporation of radioactivity into acetylated γ chain begins at a high value and decreases with respect to unmodified γ chain. This implies that the γ chain may be modified either on the ribosome or shortly after release, but in any case earlier than 2.5 minutes after the start of incubation.
August 25, 2014 AT 12:00 am
Why we need women in STEM #WomenInSTEM
Inc. has a great piece by Sue Williams on why we need women in STEM.
This month, Lego is releasing a miniset of female scientists–a first for the 82-year-old toymaker. The idea comes from a female geochemist, Dr. Ellen Kooijman, who played with the bricks as a child and noticed there weren’t any figures that looked like her.
That Lego’s “revolutionary” new toy comes from a woman isn’t a surprise to me.
When women design new products or services, they bring a different perspective that too often hasn’t been considered before. That’s true in any industry, but it’s particularly notable in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, where the latest advancements go far beyond Lego’s plastic figurines (as innovative as Dr. Kooijman’s are).
Many media organizations, including my own, have been focusing recently on women in STEM. We all know that women lag sadly behind men in these fields–and the issue is more serious than just a parity of numbers. Institutions, schools and employers shouldn’t just be trying to ramp up their numbers of women so that they can claim equity and sit back with a smile.
Rather, we should care because the lack of women in STEM means we are lacking the perspectives of half the world’s population (more or less). We should care because a male-centric view of science is just that–male centric. And the bottom line, no matter how hard we try to equalize things, is that men and women are different in fundamental ways. It was with some astonishment that the world learned just 25 years ago that women’s heart disease manifests itself differently to men’s. After all, why would men who dominated the field of cardiology think women’s hearts function differently to theirs?
It is hard to move beyond these long held preconceptions. In a recent survey conducted by the American Heart Association, six in 10 women said that breast cancer was the most serious threat to their health; only one in 10 said heart disease. But statistics show that every year cardiovascular disease kills almost twice as many women as cancer… and more women than men die of heart disease.
At a personal level, it makes me wonder about the death of my grandmother who died after suffering two strokes in 1974. Did she receive optimal care tailored to her gender? Most likely, her doctor (definitely a man) treated her heart disease as he did “everyone’s.”
It’s not that men have consciously been indifferent or callous to women’s health. It’s just that when you are the status quo, it is sometimes hard to realize there is another “quo” at all.
For decades, drug development testing was done almost exclusively on men (often young medical students who were easy to round up.) The attitude seemed to be that except for our reproductive organs, we’re just basically smaller versions of men. And over the decades, a plethora of drugs hit the market–antihistamines, antibiotics, cholesterol-lowering drugs, anti-psychotics –that doctors of course prescribed to women in the same doses as men. But sometimes.
These are just a few of the hidden and insidious costs of the low numbers of women in STEM.
The full piece is definitely worth reading-.<filename>WarOfEmpires.Utilities.Tests/Events/EventServiceTests.cs
﻿using FluentAssertions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using System;
using WarOfEmpires.Domain.Events;
using WarOfEmpires.Utilities.Events;

namespace WarOfEmpires.Utilities.Tests.Events {
    [TestClass]
    public sealed class EventServiceTests {
        public class TestEvent : IEvent { }

        public class TestEventHandler : IEventHandler<TestEvent> {
            public void Handle(TestEvent domainEvent) {
                TestHandlerCalled = true;
            }
        }

        public class DoubleTestEvent : IEvent { }

        public class DoubleTestEvent1Handler : IEventHandler<DoubleTestEvent> {
            public void Handle(DoubleTestEvent domainEvent) {
                DoubleTestHandler1Called = true;
            }
        }
        public class DoubleTestEvent2Handler : IEventHandler<DoubleTestEvent> {
            public void Handle(DoubleTestEvent domainEvent) {
                DoubleTestHandler2Called = true;
            }
        }

        public static bool TestHandlerCalled { get; set; }
        public static bool DoubleTestHandler1Called { get; set; }
        public static bool DoubleTestHandler2Called { get; set; }

        private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;

        public EventServiceTests() {
            _serviceProvider = new ServiceCollection()
               .AddScoped<IEventHandler<TestEvent>, TestEventHandler>()
               .AddScoped<IEventHandler<DoubleTestEvent>, DoubleTestEvent1Handler>()
               .AddScoped<IEventHandler<DoubleTestEvent>, DoubleTestEvent2Handler>()
               .BuildServiceProvider();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void EventService_Dispatches_Event() {
            var service = new EventService(_serviceProvider);

            TestHandlerCalled = false;

            service.Dispatch(new TestEvent());

            TestHandlerCalled.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void EventService_Dispatches_Event_For_Multiple_Handlers() {
            var service = new EventService(_serviceProvider);

            DoubleTestHandler1Called = false;
            DoubleTestHandler2Called = false;

            service.Dispatch(new DoubleTestEvent());

            DoubleTestHandler1Called.Should().BeTrue();
            DoubleTestHandler2Called.Should().BeTrue();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void EventService_Dispatches_Correct_Event() {
            var service = new EventService(_serviceProvider);

            DoubleTestHandler1Called = false;
            DoubleTestHandler2Called = false;

            service.Dispatch(new TestEvent());

            DoubleTestHandler1Called.Should().BeFalse();
            DoubleTestHandler2Called.Should().BeFalse();
        }
    }
}I mean... the "fear" in "God-fearing" isn't "terror" or something. More like "awe"/"respect".  Like, this is what some random online dictionary says:

*A God-fearing person is religious and behaves according to the moral rules of their religion.*

It's mostly the meaning/sense of the word shifting over time, not so much the actual expected behavior.  Here's a good working "Old Testament" definition, from a Jewish source:

*Maimonides categorized the fear of God as a positive commandment, as the feeling of human insignificance deriving from contemplation of God's "great and wonderful actions and creations."*First pair of boots and WOW, they're very interesting shoes. But seems like fit is kinda bad

Hey guys, I've developed an interest in western boots during this lockdown and I picked up a pair of Justins on eBay.  I put them on and have a few questions but first let me just say, WOW.  Cowboy boots are their own thing and are very cool looking and feeling.  Even just the fact that you're an inch and a half taller