 increasing presence of colour to the letter Z, or light yellow or brown. Each letter grade has a clearly defined range of color appearance. Diamonds are colour-graded by comparing them to stones of known colour under controlled lighting and precise viewing conditions. is equal to 0.2 grams. Diamonds and other gemstones are weighed in metric carats, with a carat being divided into 100 points.
Please click on the link below to view a chart of the different diamond sizes:
Coloured Diamonds
Coloured diamonds, are the rarest of diamonds and renowned for their beauty, encompassing a wonderful palate of colour including pinks, champagnes, cognacs, yellows, greens, blues, oranges and even reds.
Particular care has to be taken to avoid treated stones (usually irradiation) and certification is necessary to make sure you are buying a natural coloured diamond. Because the price per carat of natural coloured diamonds is so high one should have GIA certification of stones over 0.20ct.Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for nonfamilial adrenal medullary hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Sporadic adrenomedullary hyperplasia (AMH) is characterized by a medical history of hypertension, excessive catecholamine excretion, and histomorphometric evidence of increased adrenomedullary tissue relative to the cortex in the absence of multiple endocrine neoplasia. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of patients after laparoscopic adrenalectomy for AMH, an early form of sporadic adrenal medulla-related endocrine hypertension, as well as to update our understanding of the clinical features and management of this clinicomorphologic entity.


METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients operated on between 2007 and 2011 at Reina Sofia University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain, with a diagnosis of AMH. Patient characteristics, diagnostic studies, surgical procedures, and histologic findings were analyzed.


RESULTS
Seven hypertensive patients with intermittent adrenergic crises were found to have AMH (3 men and 4 women; mean age, 44 years). Catecholamine levels were increased. Radiologic studies included 1 or more of the following: magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose, dihydroxyphenylalanine-positron emission tomography-computed tomography, Octreoscan (Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO, USA) and (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in all cases. One patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy because of persistent symptomatology after unilateral adrenalectomy. Surgery was associated with normalization of catecholamine hypersecretion and complete disappearance of symptoms, as well as the reduction or abstention of antihypertensive therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Sporadic AMH is a clinicomorphologic entity that may mimic pheochromocytoma clinically. Recent advances in diagnostic and surgical methods have changed the management and outcome of this unusual disease. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy may be recommended as the gold standard in the treatment of this entity. Definitive diagnosis is provided by histologic study.Hi, I am Leanne Cairns, a Scottish Milliner based in my studio in the beautiful countryside in Galston, Ayrshire. Leanne Cairns Millinery focusses on designing and creating hats and fascinators of all types that make the wearer stand out from the crowd and make a real statement.
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OIL EXPLOTATION
The Ecuadorian government and Petroecuador, the national oil company, have recently opened two new oil blocks, places for potential future drilling. These blocks encompass parts of the Napo, Orellana, and Pastaza provinces, which are the areas where the Kallari communities are located. The bidding process for a foreign oil company to exploit the land is currently on hold due to political conflicts, and local communities and national and international environmental, social justice, and indigenous rights groups are taking advantage of this extra time to fight the entry of the oil industry.
WHY IS OIL EXPLOITATION BAD?
Simply speaking, oil exploitation in the Ecuadorian Amazon is bad for the people, for the environment, and for the local economy. A brief look at Tena's northern neighbors, oil-towns Lago Agrio and Coca, shows this problem. Reckless oil exploitation has caused contamination of the ground, rivers, and air. Both cities suffer from social problems such as malnutrition, prostitution, and crime. Indigenous groups in the Amazon have a direct relationship to their land, and its pollution and invasion of oil workers (and colonists and missionaries who will arrive from the building of roads) have caused diseases, migration to the cities, as well as other negative impacts. This has also caused indigenous groups to abandon some of their traditional practices and systems of organization, which has led to a partial loss of their identity. Petroleum companies in Ecuador exploits resources without paying attention to the negative impacts. The benefits are concentrated into only a few hands, especially private enterprises. This generates destruction of the environment and causes violations of human rights without creating sustainable investments in the communities.
THE LAW ON THEIR SIDE
It is a good thing for the people who live in the affected communities (as well as others), that this time, they have the law on their side. Here is why: In 1998, the new Ecuadorian Constitution mandated that the Ecuadorian government has to conduct an extensive consultation process with the inhabitants of the affected communities before the bidding of the area could commence. In addition, in November 2001, the International Labor Organization (ILO) recommended that the Ecuadorian government follow ILO Convention 169 (on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples), specifically Article 15. Article 15 declares that residents in indigenous and tribal communities have the right to be consulted before the nation-state enters into their land for the purposes of hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. It also guarantees that the interested residents will be able to participate in the various stages of the process of exploitation and exploration. In spite of the rights guaranteed in the Ecuadorian Constitution and the ILO Convention, the consultation process, carried out during September, October and November of 2003, was determined to be illegitimate by an independent investigation. According to a report by Meghan Morris, on behalf of Centro de Derechos Economicos y Sociales (CDES), the consultation process included lies, withholding of information, bribes, and threats.
WHY THIS MATTERS
This is the first consultation process of its kind in the history of Ecuador, and will consequently be used to set a precedent for all future oil activity in the country. For this reason, it is vital that the illegitimate results of the consultation process -- incorrectly claiming that the majority of the inhabitants of the affected villages approve oil exploration -- are overturned. The consultation process needs to be conducted again, in a legal manner, so the indigenous people will be able to have self-determination.
WHO ARE WE?
We are the Kallari Association. The reason we are taking a stand against oil exploitation in blocks 20 and 29 is to assist the 800 plus families in our cooperative. They are part of the twenty-two communities that will be affected by oil exploitation in the region.
LOCAL RESISTANCE
The Resistance Coalition Against Oil Exploitation in Oil Blocks 20 and 29 was formed on March 20, 2004, with the participation of the civil society and indigenous and youth organizations from the Pastaza, Napo, and Orellana provinces. The Coalition, formed as a response to the illegally-administered consultation process, consists of the following groups: Kallari Association, RICANCIE (Network of Indigenous Communities of the Upper Napo Region for Intercultural Living and Ecotourism), Neighborhoodsof Tena, Parish of Cotundo, and the Youth Association of Archidona. The assembly resulted in a consensus rejecting oil activity in the provinces.
The objective of the Resistance Coalition is to promote activities to stop both the pre-bidding process and the entrance of the oil companies in the provinces, to inform the population and local organizations about the impacts of oil extraction, and to generate proposals from the local population to create equal and sustainable development.Potential Blood Clot and after tripping…

Hi guys, yesterday I had 5g cubes. Been taking this dose for years. I have had leg pain before, sometimes after a trip. 

But yesterday my legs started to hurt so bad, and they felt like stone, like a cramp that would not go away. 

After 10 minutes it got gradually better. 
