 has identified an ambition to “develop effective gender-sensitive early warning mechanisms and institutions” as part of the women, peace and security agenda, and in recent years a range of research and guidance has been produced by INGOs, UN agencies and academics on gender-sensitising conflict early warning systems.
Despite this, early warning systems have generally been gender-blind in their analyses and failed to include women as participants in their processes. Fostering Human Security, Peace, and Justice. Innovating civic media tools and practices together with communities. Instituto Igarapé. Senate Confirms Author Of Drone Memo To Federal Bench. Hide captionThis May 20, 2013, file photo shows Harvard Law Professor David Barron during a forum at the John F.
Kennedy Library in Boston. Michael Dwyer/AP This May 20, 2013, file photo shows Harvard Law Professor David Barron during a forum at the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston. The Senate voted Thursday to confirm David Barron, whose judicial nomination had been threatened by his work shaping the Obama administration's drone policy. The vote to seat Barron on the 1st Circuit Court of Appeals in Boston was 53 to 45. Barron, a Harvard law professor, headed the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel early in President Obama's term.
That gave the green light to a 2011 U.S. drone strike in Yemen that killed Anwar al-Awlaki, a radical cleric who was born in the U.S.. Said mode would begin a cycle than includes first a warning system designed to counter accidental triggering. Photo courtesy flickr user Mr.TinDC. Can Big Data Save Lives?.Air tables are a well proven technology, but their usefulness as an efficient method for vibration isolation is now being challenged by more compact and effective negative-stiffness vibration isolators. By Jim McMahon.
For almost forty years pneumatic vibration isolators have been the mainstay for stabilising industrial and academia’s most critical micro-engineering instrumentation. But, just as technology has been steadily migrating from micro to nano, so has the need for more precise vibration isolation in microelectronics fabrication, industrial laser/optical systems and biological research. These ‘passive system’ air tables are now being seriously challenged by the newer Negative-Stiffness vibration isolators. Negative-Stiffness isolation is rapidly gaining popularity in industrial and laboratory environments, and to no small degree because of its ability to effectively isolate vibration in diverse and challenging environments.An isolator is used to solve a problem, and how bad the problem is determines the solution you need. Since the 1960s air tables have been used for isolation. Basically cans of air, they are still the most popular isolators used. But, air tables with resonant frequencies at 2-2.5Hz can typically only handle vibrations down to about 8-10Hz, which is not quite low enough for optimum performance with modern nano-equipment. Also, greater isolation efficiencies are needed in the frequency ranges air isolators can handle.
An air table will amplify vibrations in a typical range of 2-7Hz; this is because of the natural frequencies where air tables resonate. All isolators will amplify at their resonant frequency, and then they will start isolating. So, with an air table, any vibration in that range could not only fail to be mitigated, it could be amplified. The low cycle perturbations would just come straight through to the instrument.
Negative-stiffness vibration isolation can reduce vibration noise levels in atomic force microscopes, for example, by a factor of two to three when compared with top-performance air tables. This is particularly significant for noise levels in the sub-Angstrom range, resulting in clearer images and features not discernible with pneumatic isolation systems.
However, negative-stiffness isolators perform well in such environments, producing much better images and data than can be obtained with even the best high-performance air tables.
All metal negative-stiffness systems can be configured to be compatible with high vacuums and other adverse environments, such as extreme high and low temperatures, and radiation. With vacuums, for example, negative-stiffness isolators can be used right inside the vacuum chambers. This offers other advantages such as much lower payload weights, more compact systems, and eliminates problems associated with vacuum chamber feed-through.
Air tables require a constant supply of compressed air. This requires either a dedicated compressed air line, a tank of pressurised gas or a small compressor.
Even if you are lucky enough to have a dedicated compressed air line, the table’s location is still limited by the length of air line. Large tanks of compressed gas have to be mounted very securely to minimise their danger. Changing the tanks can be quite difficult and inconvenient as well. Compressors are sources of both mechanical and acoustic noise and are very poor choices from a vibration standpoint.
If you can get your nano-environment mechanically isolated without having to deal with compressed air to run your vibration isolator, then you will be better off. An advantage of negative-stiffness isolators is they do not require compressed air; they operate purely in a mechanical mode.
Air tables are big, bulky structures, taking up a lot of lab space. High-performance air tables are even bigger. This can become a limiting factor when laying out the equipment in a lab.
In contrast, negative-stiffness isolators are available in high-performance bench-top configurations that are considerably more compact than air tables and easy to move around. They are also available as workstations, tables and floor platforms where these configurations are required.
Low-frequency passive vibration isolators are somewhat sensitive to small changes in weight loads, as well as to large displacements. Pneumatic systems utilise levelling valves to mitigate the problem.
Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs) have vibration isolation requirements that are unparalleled in the metrology world. The vertical axis is the most sensitive for most SPMs. They can also be quite sensitive to vibrations in the horizontal axes. In order to achieve the lowest possible noise floor, in the order of an Angstrom, isolation is always used.
Bench-top air systems provide limited isolation vertically and very little isolation horizontally. Negative-Stiffness isolators provide increased isolation performance for SPMs over air tables, while offering better ease-of-use and no facility requirements.
Laser and optical systems, whether used in an academic lab or in an industrial environment, are very susceptible to vibrations from the environment. These instruments almost always need vibration isolation. Traditionally, large air tables have been the isolators preferred for optical systems, but negative-stiffness isolators are becoming a popular choice. Negative-stiffness isolators can provide 10 to 100 times the performance of air tables, depending on the vibration frequency.
NSM tLaser-based interferometers are extremely sensitive devices that are capable of resolving nanometre scale motions and features. They often have very long mechanical paths, which makes them even more sensitive to vibrations. The sophisticated modern ellipsometry techniques that allow this high performance rely on low noise to be able to detect fringe movement. Properly isolating an interferometer will allow it to provide the highest possible resolution.
Because negative-stiffness isolators utilise simple elastic structures and viscoelastic materials that deform, their isolation performance does not degrade with micromotions typical of laboratory floors and fabrication rooms, as do conventional pneumatic isolators.
Follow the link for more information about negative-stiffness vibration isolation technology and products from Minus K Technology.The regulators of apoptosis watch over cell replication and the decision to enter the cell cycle.
The MDS-AOS Basic Science Summer School has become the flagship educational course for young neurologists who are interested in Movement Disorders in MDS-AOS region, since the first MDS-AOS Basic Science Summer School (BSSS) in 2014. The main theme of the 2021 MDS-AOS Basic Science Summer School online course is to inspire the enthusiasm of young clinicians and scientists with interest in the recent advances of clinical and translational research in Parkinson’s disease and related movement disorders. The contents of this online course will include the recent scientific updates in the field of movement disorders and tutor how to initiate a clinical or translational research from the clinical ends. The course will also promote collaborations between young generations to create a common language and generate research ideas that will facilitate the progress of research in the field of movement disorders.
The virtual MDS-AOS Basic Science Summer School will include lectures on scientific topics from distinguished specialists in the field. Lectures will be supplemented with live interactive components so participants will be able to communicate and discuss topics with senior faculty and their peers. This includes live question and answer sessions connected to each lecture, and multiple group panel discussions where faculty panels can share their insights in real time.
This course is intended for basic scientists, translational, and clinical researchers, clinicians, students, fellows, and post-docs interested in learning more about the clinical or translational research taking place in movement disorders.
Describe updates in the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related movement disorders.
Analyze recent advances in the basic neuroscience field, including electrophysiology and molecular biology, which could be applied in movement disorder research.
Establish a local and international network between young clinicians and researchers for facilitating future research in movement disorder field.In accordance with its mandate, the South African Human Rights Commission (the Commission or SAHRC) continues to monitor the observance of human rights during the national lockdown due to COVID-19. The Commission is aware of and is disturbed by footage circulating via social media depicting members of the South African National Defense Force (SANDF) and South African Police Service (SAPS) officials using force against people who fail to comply with lockdown regulations.
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