 that phase only a small formal ambiguity has been criticised.
- 25.02.2015: The German Ministry of Economics published a first draft law to ban compulsory routers (German). Except missing enforcing measures FSFE welcomes the draft.
- 29.09.2014: After the further procedures were unclear for a long time, Netzpolitik.org published an internal revised draft of the transparency bill (German). The FSFE critisises the draft because it legitimises the incapacitation of customers. Instead of prohibiting compulsory routers as decided in the coalition agreement, the draft enables internet providers to hinder customers who want to use another device.
- 28.03.2014: Together with the CCC and other projects and experts, the FSFE praises the basic idea in a press release and a detailed statement (German) but clearly criticises that users are further burdened and that the proposed test methods are inconsistently considered. Most interestingly, the formulation of the regulation is substantially weaker than that in the coalition agreement, and the still-unaddressed question of network termination points is not even mentioned.
- 24.02.2014: After the first large hearing, the Federal Network Agency publishes a transparency bill that eliminates compulsory routers and should improve the transparency of telecommunication companies for customers. Comments may be submitted until the end of March 2014.
- 16.12.2013: After the German Federal Parliament elections in the end of September, the coalition agreement is officially signed. In it, the CDU, CSU, and SPD clearly speak out against compulsory routers and demand that every customer must receive all necessary access information unasked. Such a clear statement of position from the coalition parties can be explained by the media response (for example from Golem (German), Heise (German) and Netzpolitik (German) as well as Focus (German), Frankfurter Rundschau (German), NTV (German) and Süddeutsche (German)) and the enormous interest from the population.
- 04.11.2013: The FSFE joins numerous other organisations and individuals by sending an extensive public statement to the Federal Network Agency (here the press release) upon completion of the public hearings. The statement contains answers to almost all the posed questions with specific regard to the existing and potential disadvantages of compulsory routers.
The majority of the 309 statements argues against compulsory routers. Unsurprisingly, the only two groups that are in favour are Internet Service Providers and Network Providers. Notable arguments have been filed by e.g. AVM, CCC, and Sipgate. The Federal Networking Agency has collected all statements.
- 20.09.2013: The Federal Network Agency starts a public hearing (398/2013) on the disputed network termination points. At the hearing, many - partly very technical - questions related to possible definitions are posed which are directly related to compulsory routers. Just a few days later the FSFE publishes a preliminary statement, in which it voices serious concerns for security, consumer-friendliness, and competition.
- 31.07.2013:: In a second draft of the "net neutrality regulation", compulsory routers are discussed in §3 (PDF). Contrary to the first draft, the term used now is “Endgerätenetzneutralität”, which (roughly) translates to "terminal device net neutrality".
- 25.06.2013: The Federal Network Agency organises a workshop on the topic of compulsory routers and designs four models for resolution.
- 17.06.2013: The BMWi (Ministry of Economic) presents the draft of a net neutrality regulation according to §41a Abs.1 TKG (PDF). In §3, compulsory routers are specifically addressed and rejected.
- 04.06.2013: The federal government responds to the "minor interpellation" made on the 17th of May. In it, open questions are treated very carefully and responsibilities are more or less redirected towards the Federal Network Agency. The BMWi does not consider itself to be part of the topic, since the FNA at this point of time still is involved in talks with Network Providers and router manufacturers. An article on Netzpolitik summarises these circumstances thoroughly.
- 17.05.2013: The fraction “DIE LINKE” poses a “minor interpellation” to the federal government related to the statements made by the Federal Networking Agency. In it, the question on whether a router qualifies as an access point or a telecommunication device and in how far the end-user may interfere with it is posed.
- 22.01.2013: Among others, the German manufacturer of telecommunication devices AVM comments on the issue and compares the situation with the mobile market, where providers do not dictate to their customers which phone to use.
- 10.01.2013: The roots of the public debate of compulsory routers can be found in a reply to an anonymous user made by the Federal Network Agency. The user criticises the coupling of his DSL contract with a specific router. He does so in reaction to an extensive article of the professional magazine "PC-WELT", in which the common practices of DSL providers are criticised. The Federal Networking Agency deems this behaviour to be justified, since the DSL provider in question defines the router to be part of the network and thus the infrastructure he provides. Therefore, the end-user should and must not exchange it against another device.
Here, the basic conflict becomes clear: the Federal Network Agency cannot or does not want to decide where the network of the Internet provider ends and from where the user has full control. Especially in terms of routers that include a modem and numerous other functions (IAD, Integrated Access Device), there are many unresolved issues and a need for clear definitions.Translate to French:

As a result, the new (ninth) edition of the Nice Classification, applicable as from January 1, 2007, will contain 340 modifications (138 as adopted by the Committee of Experts in 2003 and 202 as adopted in 2005).
La nouvelle (neuvième) édition de la classification de Nice, en vigueur à compter du 1er janvier 2007, comprendra donc 340 modifications (138 adoptées par le comité d’experts en 2003 et 202 en 2005).In the Rockies
However, the extreme heat (around 100F/37C) made us leave after one night and drive across the central plains on the I70 as quickly as possible. I guess we didn’t miss much, as the next picture shows, taken somewhere in Kansas.
We spent two nights in Denver in a campground located in a nice but crowded state park. We enjoyed the buzz of the big city
and took the opportunity to restock groceries and to buy some equipment for the upcoming weeks in the mountains.
Leaving Denver in northwestern direction, it was exciting to watch the fast approaching, impressive range of the Rocky Mountains.
It was only a 30 minute drive from the plains up to Estes Park, a village right next to the entrance of the national park at an elevation of about 8,000 ft (2.400m)
The cool and dry, almost arid climate here is so welcome after all this heat and humidity! We enjoyed a first trip into the national park, with Benjamin having his first rock climbing experience next to a breathtaking scenery.
Not far away from the entrance to the park, we almost stumbled across a herd of elk lazing in the grass close to a parking lot:
We are going to stay in Estes Park for five nights, until next Sunday, hiking, relaxing after 1,800 miles (2.900 km) of driving, and simply enjoying nature’s grandeur.
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In the Rockies — 1 CommentQues:Gilan (Persian: گيلان‎ also Romanized as Gīlān) is a village in Pishkuh-e Zalaqi Rural District Besharat District Aligudarz County Lorestan Province Iran. At the 2006 census its population was 44 in 8 families. Given a list of categories: company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, what category does the paragraph belong to?

Ans:Village
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Ans:Written Work
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Ques:Coromandel was a teak sailing ship built in 1793 at Chittagong India (now Bangladesh). She made two convict transport voyages to Port Jackson the first for the British East India Company. An American privateer may have captured her in 1814 only to have the Royal Navy recapture her ten days later.On her first voyage under the command of Alex Sterling she sailed from Portsmouth England on 8 February 1802 and Spithead on 12 February with 138 male convicts. Given a list of categories: company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, what category does the paragraph belong to?

Ans:Mean Of Transportation
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