surrenders to Scotch army, 98;
   English servility toward him, 101;
   his treachery, 104;
   supported by Presbyterians, 109;
   “the man of blood,” 114;
   his non-acceptance of his defeat, 115;
   negotiates with the army and Parliament, 117 _et seq._;
   Cromwell attempts terms with him, 119;
   Yorkshire support for, 121;
   Scotch attitude toward him, 123;
   his tenacity, 132;
   negotiations with the army, 134;
   he rejects Fairfax’s proposals, 135;
   his trial for treason, 136;
   beheaded, 137;
   his character, 137–140;
   his policy in Ireland, 146;
   Catholic allegiance to him, 147;
   his imprisonment, 148;
   effect of his execution on Ireland, 150;
   his death due to Parliamentarians, 178;
   his execution, 217;
   anniversary of his death observed, 240

 Charles II., the fleet loyal to him, 130;
   proclaimed King at Cork, 150;
   the Scotch declare for him, 162;
   lands in Scotland, 165 _et seq._;
   supported by Scotch Cavaliers, 172;
   crosses into England, 174;
   his escape from Worcester, 175;
   his exile, 178;
   influences for his restoration, 209;
   England in his time, 225;
   his re-establishment, 232;
   his mistresses, 240

 Charles X., of Sweden, 226

 Chester, seized by Royalists, 121;
   negotiations there, 148

 Christianity, heterodoxy in Parliamentary, 108

 Church and State, Puritan theories of, 114;
   reform in, 195

 Churchmen, arbitrary power of, 161

 Civil War.
   _See American Civil War_

 Civil War, First English, the fiery ordeal of, 20;
   begun by Charles, 57;
   its chief leaders cavalrymen, 60;
   its blunders contrasted with American Civil War, 62;
   English soldiery in, 91;
   its slow progress, 94;
   type of its generals, 95;
   practically ends at Naseby, 97;
   its effects on Cromwell, 104;
   Irish share in, 122;
   exchange of prisoners, 128

 Civil War, Second English, its beginning, 121;
   ended at Preston, 130;
   results, 131;
   Carlyle’s opinion of, 235

 Clergy, 78, 92;
   threatened by Protectorate Assembly, 193

 Clonmel, capture of, 162

 Clubmen, peasant organization, 62

 Cock-fighting, suppressed under Protectorate, 213

 Colchester, seized by Royalists, 121;
   capitulation of, 130

 Colonial policy, Spain’s, 224

 Colonial possessions, Spanish, 227;
   Dutch, 17, 18, 182

 Commercial policy, Cromwell’s, in war against Spain, 226

 Committee of Both Kingdoms, the, 85, 92

 Committee of Correspondence, in American Revolution, 114

 Committee of the Eastern Association, 85

 Common law, the, under the Protectorate, 200

 Commons, House of, declares against tonnage and poundage, 31;
   triennial meetings, 54;
   favored by London, 57;
   its adherents of the King, 61;
   Cromwell’s share in, 93;
   the Independents, 116;
   defies the army, 118, 135;
   disregards Lords in the King’s trial, 136;
   Parliamentarian leaders, 185;
   Republicans, 204;
   agreement with Cromwell, 205.
   _See also Parliament; Long Parliament, etc._

 Commonwealth, established, 6;
   reorganizes its forces, 93;
   its supremacy, 139;
   its character, 141;
   European attitude against it, 143;
   Cromwell its main support, 163;
   authority, 177;
   its religionist enemies, 198;
   civil rights under it, 217

 _Commonwealth Mercury, The_, 232, note

 Compromise, Parliamentary incapacity for, 101;
   after American Civil War, 102

 Confederacy, the, of American Southern States, 72, 92

 Confederates in Ireland, 150

 Congregationalists, origin under Elizabeth, 23;
   identified with Independent party, 49;
   tolerated by Cromwell, 78;
   in Parliament, 108;
   Parliamentarian hatred of, 116;
   under the Protectorate, 200

 Congress, the American Continental, compared with Cromwellian
    Parliaments, 102, 103, 114, 177

 Connaught, 223

 Conquest, the [Norman], 232

 Constitution, the American, 189, 193, 196, 198

 Constitution, English, 135;
   under the Assembly, 195, 198;
   under the Protectorate, 205

 “Constitution-mongers,” Carlyle’s sneer at, 5

 Continent, the, character of its armies, 60;
   Cromwell’s interest in its politics, 225;
   the power of France on, 229

 Continental Army, the American, 102

 Convention, Constitutional, in U. S., 189;
   in English Assembly, 192–195

 Coote, holds Derry for Parliamentarians, 150

 Copredy Bridge, Battle of, 91

 Cork, Charles II. proclaimed King there, 150;
   Cromwell’s letter from there, 160

 Cornwall, neutrality of, 63

 Cotton, John, Cromwell’s letter to, 179

 Council of Officers, in English Assembly, 195, 197 _et seq._

 Council, the, in Parliamentary army, 114

 Council of State, the, 189, 195

 Court, purity of Cromwellian, 229;
   disgracefulness under Restoration, 230

 Courts of Chancery, English, 181, 192, 200

 Covenant, National, of Scotland, the, 39;
   taken by Parliamentarians, 78;
   by English troopers, 84;
   Hamiltonian devotion to, 123;
   taken by Ulster Scotch, 148;
   Fairfax declines campaign against, 163;
   oath taken by Charles II., 165;
   Cromwell’s exposition of, 172 _et seq._

 Covenanters, the Scotch, defeated by Cromwell, 75;
   intolerance of sectaries, 116;
   treatment of Charles II., 165;
   oppose Puritans at Dunbar, 170;
   persecuted by Episcopalians, 217

 Creed, in United States, 2, 9;
   in Ireland, 224, 239

 Cromwell, Bridget, daughter of Oliver, married to Ireton, 105

 Cromwell, Elizabeth Steward, mother of Oliver, 42, 233

 Cromwell, Henry, son of Oliver, 232

 Cromwell, Oliver, his fame, 1;
   forces which produced him, 7;
   youth and early manhood, 14;
   seat in Long Parliament, 41;
   parentage and birth, 42;
   his marriage, 43;
   his Puritanism, 43;
   hatred of Church of Rome, 44, 56;
   removes to Ely, 45;
   supports Petition of Rights, 45;
   his indifference to political theory, 46;
   his piety, 47;
   his religion, 48;
   personality, 50;
   impatience of system, 53;
   his suspicion of the Episcopacy, 56;
   captain in 67th Regiment, 58;
   his kinsmen at the battle of Nottingham, 58;
   his troops, 65;
   his military genius, 68;
   his troop of horse, 70, 72, 73–75;
   promoted to a colonelcy, 74;
   his letters, 76;
   his tolerant spirit, 77;
   bearing toward Episcopalians, 78;
   as cavalry commander, 79;
   dubbed Ironsides by Rupert, 81;
   his relief of Gainsborough, 82;
   at Winceby, 83;
   his generalship, 84;
   member of Committee of Both Kingdoms, 85;
   at Marston Moor, 87–90;
   his training of troops, 91;
   distrusted by Presbyterians, 92;
   the real head of the army, 94;
   Montrose not comparable with him, 95;
   at Naseby, 96 _et seq._;
   takes Winchester, 98;
   his rule after First Civil War, 99;
   compared with William III., 101 _et seq._;
   his uncompromising spirit, 102;
   his children’s marriages, 104;
   his religious spirit, 105;
   his letters and speeches, 105, 106;
   on reconstruction, 109 _et seq._;
   not extreme against Charles, 114;
   efforts toward agreement with King and Parliament, 118;
   favors army against Parliamentarians, 119;
   at P