
The report shows infant mortality in drylands in developing countries averages about 54 children per 1,000 live births, 10 times that of industrial countries. Importantly, the rate in such drylands is twice as high as that of other, non-dryland regions in developing countries.
The authors rank desertification - land degradation in drylands as a result of climatic factors and human activities - among the world’s greatest environmental challenges, destabilizing societies by deepening poverty and creating environmental refugees who can often add stress to areas that may not be degraded.
Desertification has other strong adverse impacts on non-drylands as well. In addition to dust storms, biophysical impacts include downstream flooding, impairment of global carbon sequestration capacity, and regional and global climate change.
“Given the size of population in drylands, the number of people affected by desertification is likely larger than any ‘harmony’ size, meters or 4265 feet per capita per year, already below the threshold of 2,000 cubic meters or 6562 feet considered a minimum for meeting human needs), is expected to fall further due to a combination of pressures in and around the drylands including population growth, reduced freshwater availability due to global warming and drought, and economic growth.
As well, inappropriate economic policies, including agricultural subsidies totaling  economic and scientific standpoint” says Mr. de Kalbermatten.
.
###
Terry Collins
United Nations University
416-538-8712
terrycollins@rogers.comOne of the best lenses ever made by any manufacturer. It has everything. Sharpness, contrast and bokeh. The build quality is like nothing else, all metal and glass as all Pentax limiteds. The omly negative I can think of is the lack of focus delimiter, as this is a macro lens the focus throw is a little long.The CathexisVision video wall displays video on multiple monitors where operators can intelligently manage video. The camera and sequences layout can be commanded to automatically switch cameras to monitors or panels, upon a specic event. Monitor layouts are controlled via an interactive mimic panel, and it is possible to see cameras on the video wall in review. CathexisVision enables the control room environment to be tailored for bespoke requirements.using Mono.Cecil;
using Mono.Cecil.Cil;
using Mono.Cecil.Rocks;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace MethodBoundaryAspect.Fody
{
    public class MethodWeaver
    {
        private MethodDefinition _clonedMethod;

        protected readonly ModuleDefinition _module;
        protected readonly MethodDefinition _method;
        protected readonly InstructionBlockChainCreator _creator;
        protected readonly ILProcessor _ilProcessor;
        protected readonly IList<AspectData> _aspects;

        protected bool HasMultipleAspects { get => _aspects.Count > 1; }
        protected IPersistable ExecutionArgs { get; set; }

        public int WeaveCounter { get; private set; }

        public MethodWeaver(ModuleDefinition module, MethodDefinition method, IList<AspectData> aspects)
        {
            _module = module;
            _method = method;
            _creator = new InstructionBlockChainCreator(method, module);
            _ilProcessor = _method.Body.GetILProcessor();
            _aspects = aspects;
        }

        public void Weave()
        {
            if (_aspects.Count == 0)
                return;

            Setup();

            var arguments = _creator.CreateMethodArgumentsArray();
            AddToSetup(arguments);

            WeaveMethodExecutionArgs(arguments);

            SetupAspects();

            WeaveOnEntry();

            var hasReturnValue =!InstructionBlockCreator.IsVoid(_method.ReturnType);
            var returnValue = hasReturnValue
                   ? _creator.CreateVariable(_method.ReturnType)
                    : null;

            HandleBody(returnValue?.Variable, out Instruction instructionCallStart, out Instruction instructionCallEnd);

            Instruction instructionAfterCall = WeaveOnExit(hasReturnValue, returnValue);

            HandleReturnValue(hasReturnValue, returnValue);

            var onExceptionAspects = _aspects
               .Where(x => x.AspectMethods.HasFlag(AspectMethods.OnException))
               .Reverse()
               .ToList();

            if (onExceptionAspects.Count!= 0)
                WeaveOnException(onExceptionAspects, instructionCallStart, instructionCallEnd, instructionAfterCall, returnValue);

            Optimize();

            Finish();

            WeaveCounter++;
        }

        protected virtual void Setup()
        {
            _clonedMethod = CloneMethod(_method);
            _method.DeclaringType.Methods.Add(_clonedMethod);
            ClearMethod(_method);
        }

        private static MethodDefinition CloneMethod(MethodDefinition method)
        {
            var targetMethodName = "$_executor_" + method.Name;
            var isStaticMethod = method.IsStatic;
            var methodAttributes = MethodAttributes.Private;
            if (isStaticMethod)
                methodAttributes |= MethodAttributes.Static;

            var clonedMethod = new MethodDefinition(targetMethodName, methodAttributes, method.ReturnType)
            {
                AggressiveInlining = true, // try to get rid of additional stack frame
                HasThis = method.HasThis,
                ExplicitThis = method.ExplicitThis,
                CallingConvention = method.CallingConvention
            };

            foreach (var parameter in method.Parameters)
                clonedMethod.Parameters.Add(parameter);

            foreach (var variable in method.Body.Variables)
                clonedMethod.Body.Variables.Add(variable);

            foreach (var variable in method.Body.ExceptionHandlers)
                clonedMethod.Body.ExceptionHandlers.Add(variable);

            var targetProcessor = clonedMethod.Body.GetILProcessor();
            foreach (var instruction in method.Body.Instructions)
                targetProcessor.Append(instruction);

            if (method.HasGenericParameters)
            {
                //Contravariant:
                //  The generic type parameter is contravariant. A contravariant type parameter can appear as a parameter type in method signatures.  
                //Covariant:
                //  The generic type parameter is covariant. A covariant type parameter can appear as the result type of a method, the type of a read-only field, a declared base type, or an implemented interface. 
                //DefaultConstructorConstraint:
                //  A type can be substituted for the generic type parameter only if it has a parameterless constructor. 
                //None:
                //  There are no special flags. 
                //NotNullableValueTypeConstraint:
                //  A type can be substituted for the generic type parameter only if it is a value type and is not nullable. 
                //ReferenceTypeConstraint:
                //  A type can be substituted for the generic type parameter only if it is a reference type. 
                //SpecialConstraintMask:
                //  Selects the combination of all special constraint flags. This value is the result of using logical OR to combine the following flags: DefaultConstructorConstraint, ReferenceTypeConstraint, and NotNullableValueTypeConstraint. 
                //VarianceMask:
                //  Selects the combination of all variance flags. This value is the result of using logical OR to combine the following flags: Contravariant and Covariant. 
                foreach (var parameter in method.GenericParameters)
                {
                    var clonedparameter = new GenericParameter(parameter.Name, clonedMethod);
                    if (parameter.HasConstraints)
                    {
                        foreach (var parameterConstraint in parameter.Constraints)
                        {
                            clonedparameter.Attributes = parameter.Attributes;
                            clonedparameter.Constraints.Add(parameterConstraint);
                        }
                    }

                    if (parameter.HasReferenceTypeConstraint)
                    {
                        clonedparameter.Attributes |= GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint;
                        clonedparameter.HasReferenceTypeConstraint = true;
                    }

                    if (parameter.HasNotNullableValueTypeConstraint)
                    {
                        clonedparameter.Attributes |= GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint;
                        clonedparameter.HasNotNullableValueTypeConstraint = true;
                    }

                    if (parameter.HasDefaultConstructorConstraint)
                    {
                        clonedparameter.Attributes |= GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint;
                        clonedparameter.HasDefaultConstructorConstraint = true;
                    }

                    clonedMethod.GenericParameters.Add(clonedparameter);
                }
            }

            if (method.DebugInformation.HasSequencePoints)
            {
                foreach (var sequencePoint in method.DebugInformation.SequencePoints)
                    clonedMethod.DebugInformation.SequencePoints.Add(sequencePoint);
            }

            clonedMethod.DebugInformation.Scope = new ScopeDebugInformation(method.Body.Instructions.First(), method.Body.Instructions.Last());
            return clonedMethod;
        }

        private static void ClearMethod(MethodDefinition method)
        {
            var body = method.Body;
            body