, the corresponding filter is designed based on EKF, which utilizes the information contained in the power schedule to promote the filtering accuracy. The simulation verifies that the power schedule and filter designed in this paper can reduce the transmission power and achieve high accuracy estimation result at the same time.How Much Caffeine is in Howling Monkey Energy Drinks? What to Know!
Energy drinks have skyrocketed in popularity over the last couple of decades, with new brands entering the market seemingly every week. Although distinctly different from coffee, energy drinks are similar in that they contain caffeine, the ingredient that provides most of their “energy.” One of the newest energy drink brands to be launched comes with a very distinct and, some would say, outrageous name: Howling Monkey.
Howling Monkey contains more caffeine than your average cup of black coffee. How much, you ask? A 16 oz can of Howling Monkey contains 160 milligrams (mg) of caffeine, which is more or less the same amount you’ll find in 2 cups of coffee. To find out how that stacks up to other energy drinks, read on!
How Much Caffeine is in the Average Energy Drink?
The wild thing about energy drinks is that their caffeine content varies significantly from one brand to the next. As we’ve seen, Howling Money has 160 mg of caffeine per 16 oz can, but some energy drinks have as much as 300 mg, nearly double that! In the comparison below, we examine the caffeine content, sugar, and caffeine type in several of the most popular energy drinks.
What’s the Concern with Synthetic Caffeine?
One problem with the caffeine in many energy drinks is that it’s synthetic caffeine. Surprisingly, synthetic caffeine was created in the latter part of the 1800s and, during WWII, was used heavily by the Nazis to keep their soldiers alert in the field. As with most synthetic substances, synthetic caffeine is problematic for several reasons. First, it’s absorbed much faster by the human body than by the natural caffeine that is released by brewing coffee beans. 
Another concerning fact is that much of the synthetic caffeine in energy drinks is produced in unregulated labs where the chance of cutting corners is high. Lastly, before it’s ready to be added to energy drinks, synthetic caffeine is treated with sodium nitrite, acetic acid, sodium carbonate, and chloroform: some very harsh and caustic chemicals.
Thankfully, not all synthetic caffeine is harmful, especially if it comes from a reliable, well-run lab. However, when you choose which beverage to drink, you should know which ingredients are included and which of them you should avoid. In our opinion, avoiding synthetic caffeine is a better choice and a healthy idea.
How Does Howling Monkey Compare to Regular Coffee and other Coffee Drinks?
If you’re curious how Howling Monkey stacks up against your favorite coffee beverage regarding caffeine, we have the numbers below. Remember that some of them aren’t exactly static since you can make regular coffee and other coffee-based beverages with more (or less) coffee based on your specific preferences. For example, a “weak” cup of coffee can have as little as 40 mg of caffeine in one 8oz cup, while a “strong” cup of coffee can have double that amount or more. Therefore, we suggest you use the numbers below as a guide only and not consider them written in stone.
What’s the Difference Between Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks, and Soft Drinks?
It can be slightly confusing to figure out the difference between all the beverages available on store shelves, especially between “energy drinks,” “sports drinks,” and “soft drinks.” Energy drinks, by definition, are any beverage that contains a stimulant, usually at high (or very high) levels. Not surprisingly, the most popular stimulant is caffeine, although sugar is in many energy drinks. Many energy drinks also contain carnitine and taurine, two ingredients that purportedly boost physical performance, alertness, and focus. The science is still out on these ingredients, however.
Sports drinks differ significantly from energy drinks in several ways. First, they aren’t intended to give you energy but are designed to replace electrolytes and H20 (water) lost during a strenuous workout or physical activity. More importantly, some sports drinks don’t contain caffeine because their main goal isn’t to give you energy. Then you have soft drinks, including Coca-Cola, orange soda, and the like. Most soft drinks contain much less caffeine than energy drinks, and some have no caffeine at all, but most are very high in sugar.
One last significant difference between energy, sports, and soft drinks is that some energy drinks aren’t considered drinks at all but instead are classified as supplements, which changes the way they are viewed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. For example, energy drinks classified as supplements can legally put more caffeine in their products; Monster energy drink is one of them.
The “price-placebo” effect was proved using energy drinks. Students that bought higher-priced but identical energy drinks did better on exams.
In Poland, an energy drink named Black Energy is marketed by none other than boxing legend Mike Tyson.
Posca was popular during the Roman and Greek empires and is considered to be one of the first energy drinks.
The feeling of being “drunk” is very similar to the feeling one gets from drinking several energy drinks in succession.
The FDA banned an energy drink called “Cocaine” after they found it being illegally promoted as an alternative to street drugs.
Although many energy drinks tout their products’ ability to increase muscle strength, studies have found no evidence to support this claim.
The size of energy drink cans was increased in 2002 so that manufacturers could legally increase the amount of caffeine they included in their drinks.
Energy drinks are one of the most prevalent beverages being sold today. They typically have much more caffeine than regular coffee and are enjoyed cold rather than hot. Although probably not a healthy habit, many people enjoy mixing energy drinks with alcohol. No matter how you like your energy drink, or the brand you prefer, all of them, including Howling Monkey, will provide energy when you need it most.
MACC chief commissioner Azam Baki has raised the concern of possible political intervention if the anti-graft agency is placed under Parliament for the sake of transparency.
He stressed that the MACC is already an independent body that can initiate investigations on its own without the need for permission from any parties.
Therefore, Azam said the graft buster’s status should be fiercely defended.
"If we were to put MACC under Parliament, it is likely that we will have to follow policies that are set by politicians at a time when people are calling for us to be free from political pressure,” he was quoted as saying by Free Malaysia Today at an event in Penang yesterday.
With its existing position, Azam said the MACC does not need to act according to politicians' instructions when investigating.
"A senior minister texted me asking, ‘Am I being investigated?’ I replied, ‘Yes, thank you, sir’. After that there was nothing more," he added.
In comparison, Azam pointed out that MACC's counterparts in other countries which are placed under the legislative branch have to seek permission from the Senate or Parliament to investigate high-profile figures.
Citing Umno president Ahmad Zahid Hamidi's Foreign Visa System (VLN) case, he said when the Ultra Kirana Sdn Bhd ledger emerged the MACC started investigating all the names mentioned without needing anyone to lodge a report.
Instead of putting MACC under the purview of Parliament, Azam said it was more important to ensure the chief commissioner is not abruptly removed.
If a removal is needed, it should be subjected to a tribunal, such as practised in the removal of judges, he added.
However, Azam said the MACC is not against reform.
"We remain open if legislators want to make changes in Parliament (affecting MACC)," he added.
It was reported that the Senate Select Committee on Governance, Integrity and Anti-Corruption had proposed to place MACC under Parliament to further increase the community's level of trust and confidence in the anti-graft body.

The question to be answered "has the MACC been working independently all this while?" Unfortunately the corruption index which incidentally Azam is not a fan of, showed Malaysia has regressed thus proving the inadequacy of the MACC.
Frankly, Malaysia with several sub committees within the MACC structure, it is perplexing that Malaysia's ranking is very low relative to Singapore.
What Malaysia has is "style ada sahaja, kalah tidak apa"
My goodness..MACC and its various alphabet soup names has been politicised and politically interfered with since its inception.
Who MACC investigates and who it DOESN'T investigate is subject to political control.Commission staff are recommending changes to OAR |||PHONE_NUMBER|||  regarding the prohibited interest set out in ORS 471.710(2) applicable to OLCC commissioners and staff. The primary substantive change is to expressly set out the exemption for the food and beverage industry commissioner. The other proposed changes are primarily to clarify the nature of the prohibitions, the disclosure requirements, and process for addressing such prohibited interests.
Generally speaking, the rule achieves its stated goal and ensures that the Commission and its staff will continue to safeguard the public and fulfill the Commission’s other regulatory interests without being subject inappropriate interests.
For more information about this rulemaking, click here.I am always skeptical of self-serving apologies especially when it is something like this that would probably have continued for a while