prompt + data

labor-saving_prompt.txt

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+You are classifying stated aims extracted from historical British patents (17th-19th centuries).
+Each input is the inventor's explicitly stated goals from their patent specification.
+Your task is to classify these historical patent aims as labor-saving (1) or not (0).
+
+Labor-saving (1) means the stated aims EXPLICITLY mention saving labor in the production process through:
+- Reducing the amount of labor required in production
+- Automating or replacing labor in tasks
+- Streamlining production processes to minimize labor input
+
+Return 0 if the aims only mention:
+- Improving working conditions, safety, or health without reducing labor
+- General efficiency improvements that do not explicitly reduce labor in production (e.g. general reduction in inputs required that's not specific to labor) 
+- Reducing work hours or making work easier for reasons unrelated to labor-saving
+
+There may be multiple other aims, but to be classified as 1, the stated aims must explicitly address saving labor in the production process.
+Return only 1 or 0 with no explanation.
+I'd appreciate you being maximally accurate and sticking tightly to the schema I've outlined above. Let's go.

labor_saving_classifier_test_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+stated_aims,patent_id,year,labor-saving
+"My present invention has for its object the utilization of gas whether made from coal, oil or other substances, for the purpose of warming houses and for other similar purposes.",GB189206733A,1892,0
+"The object of our invention is to provide automatic means for discharging the fibrous material after it has been sufficiently treated in the rag engine, thereby saving the time and labor required to remove the said material by hand.",GB189112919A,1891,1
+"This placing the wires half a wave length apart causes the system. to send its waves or receive them from mainly one direction, which direction would seem to be that of the plane of the wires. By thus increasing the persistance of the train of Hertzian waves due to each disruptive discharge, the receiving circuit can be caused to be in tune or syntony with the transmitting circuit, thus rendering the system more sensitive and less likely to be interfered with by neighbouring systems differentially disposed. The shortness of the waves enable a parabolic mirror of wire gauze or its equivalent as e in Figure 5 to be placed a short distance behind the vertical wire v, or wires, for the purpose of reflecting the waves in a definite direction.",GB189914449A,1899,0
+"This Invention has for its object an improved manufacture of brace and such like perforated buttons; and the improvement consists of making each button with a central hole for the passage of the needle and thread, in combination with other holes around such central hole.",GB185302683A,1853,0
+"This invention consists in a new construction of holders or so called ""settings"" for incandescent electric lamps. The object of the construction is to enable the lamp holders to be conveniently screwed on to gaseliers, chandeliers &c, to fit the conducting wires in the lamp holder in a commodious way, to protect the same from contact or any external disturbance, as well as to fix the lamp itself into the holder in the simplest way and thereby to ensure its contact with the conductors.",GB188402285A,1884,0
+"This invention relates to a new or improved machine for operating punkahs, the object being to entirely dispense with manual labour, except in case of re-winding and starting the machine, and also to provide a simple yet efficient apparatus for the purpose.",GB189818616A,1898,1
+"""The improvements are specially designed to enable the position of the wires to be adjusted and fixed to any desired height or vertical distance apart to suit the various purposes to which the fencing may be applied, whilst also dispensing with the holeing or boring and consequent weakening of the standards and droppers.""",GB188003666A,1880,0
+"""This Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of portable machine or mechanism for the filling of sacks or bags with grain or other granular substances, which improvements are also applicable to portable sack or bag weighing machines, or to sack hand-barrows, and will save much time and labour in the filling and weighing of bags of grain and other substances.""
+
+""To prevent the thin layer of scattered grain left below the elevator from being crushed by the wheels of the machine, a transverse revolving brush is fitted to the machine close down to the ground behind the lower drum of the elevator and in advance of the front central or steering wheel, so as to sweep the grain forward when actuated preferably by an endless crossed cord at one side passed over a pulley on the brush spindle and a corresponding pulley on the rear carrying wheels or their axle when that revolves as the machine is pushed forward to the heap of grain.""
+
+""In either case or modification of this machine as specified sacks could be filled or filled and weighed with greater ease and expedition by a single attendant than has heretofore been effected by two, thus saving much time and labour at grain mills, stores, and other places where sacks or bags have to be filled with grain and other substances capable of being raised up by elevators.""
+
+""My said Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of portable machine or mechanism for the filling of sacks or bags with grain or other granular substances, which improvements are also applicable to portable sack or bag weighing machines, or to sack hand-barrows, and will save much time and labour in the filling and weighing of bags of grain.""
+
+""To prevent the thin layer or scattered grain left below the clevators from being crushed by the wheels a, a, of the machine, a transverse revolving brush or brushes may be fitted close down to the ground behind the lower drum B2 of the elevator, and a little in front of the steering wheel a¹¹, so as to sweep the grain forward, preferably by the action of an endless crossed band at one side, passed over a pulley on this brush spindle and a corresponding pulley on one of the rear carrying wheels a, a, or their axle a¹, while these revolve in pushing the machine forward to the heap of grain.""
+
+""In either construction or modification of this machine as specified, sacks could be filled or filled and weighed with greater ease and expedition by a single attendant than has heretofore been effected by two, thus saving much time and labour at grain mills, stores, and other places where sacks or bags have to be filled with grain and other substances capable of being raised and delivered by elevators.""",GB187804154A,1878,1
+My invention consists in the application to pumps for raising or forcing fluids or semi fluids of an injection of water or other suitable fluid (under a head or pressure equal to or in excess of the head or pressure of the fluid or semi fluid which is being raised or forced) at a point within the stuffing box of the pump or at a point between the stuffing box and the working barrel of the pump for the purpose of preventing the fluid or semi fluid matter within the working barrel of such pump from coming into contact with the packing or gland of the stuffing box and for the purpose of washing away grit or other matter from the working surface of the plunger or piston rod and for the purpose of keeping the working barrel primed with fluid or semi fluid ready for work.,GB188813557A,1888,0
+The object is to provide combined apparatus mainly to be operated by hand for reducing kneaded dough into sheets of uniform texture and thickness and for cutting the said sheets of dough into the required shapes for the manufacture of biscuits.,GB188502363A,1885,1
+"My Invention relates to the railway couplings which are employed to connect railway locomotives with wagons or vehicles, and also to connect together the said wagons or vehicles, and the object of my Invention is to enable the connection of such bodies to be effected in less time & with less labour, & also with less danger to the operator, than is incurred when effecting the connection and disconnection in the ordinary manner.",GB187403542A,1874,1
+This Invention has for its object improvements in steam boilers.,GB186700516A,1867,0
+"The strip of paper after having received the copy passes over a roller placed in front of the winding up roller, passes down under the apparatus where it is stretched by means of a wooden roller which is sus- pended and maintained by the aforesaid strip of paper with the object of impart- ing to the latter a suitable tension.",GB189826557A,1898,0
+"This invention has for its object to enable heels, sole edges and other parts of boots and shoes, to be provided with a brilliant and durable wax finish at less expense for time and labor than by the methods now in use, and it consists as a whole in an improved method involving the following steps, viz.: first, scouring the heel or other parts to be burnished, secondly, inking or colouring the scoured surface, and lastly presenting the inked surface to a rapidly moving abrasive surface coated with wax, the said abrasive surface having a comparatively fine texture like that of the emery cloth of commerce, and being adapted to create sufficient friction when pressed against a heel to melt the wax coating and thus gain access through said coating to the surface of the heel and exert a smoothing effect thereon, and at the same time force the wax into the fibres of the leather and leave it smoothly spread thereon, the result being the formation of a brilliant smooth waxed surface.",GB189200225A,1892,1
+"Now the object of the present invention is to obviate the necessity for the cutting or dividing operation, by moulding the ""masse cuite"" directly into cubes or other forms of the required size for the market. The object of making one set of bars removeable being to facilitate the extraction of the moulded sugar. By these means, we are enabled to dispense with the costly process of cutting up the sugar after moulding, and we thus obtain a considerable saving in the cost of manufacture, added to which, in the manufacture of cubes of sugar according to our process, there is little or no waste whilst the cubes formed are of a uniform size.",GB189211972A,1892,1
+"The object of this invention is to enable an operator, by manipulating the finger- keys which respresent the respective letters or characters, and spaces, to produce what are now known in the art as ""linotypes,"" that is to say, bars or type each bearing on one edge properly justified the characters to print an entire line, so that when a series of these linotypes are. assembled side by side, they will present a type surface identical with that of the ordinary single type arranged in column or page form. The present machine is intended as an improvement upon the machines heretofore invented by Mr. Ottmar Mergenthaler of the United States and for which Letters Patent have been granted in England being No. 11670 of 1884, Nos. 1833, 2823, 5823, 8457 all four of 1885, Nos. 9115 and 10525 both of 1886 and No. 5582 of 1890. The object of this arrangement is to permit the composition of lines following the one at the mould, and the distribution of lines preceding the one at the mould, to be carried on constantly and automatically without being in any manner dependent upon the action of the casting devices.",GB189014582A,1890,1
+"The product I propose to call ""Artificial Tata-glair."" It can be kept in the form of a dry powder prepared by cutting the whites of the eggs into small pieces washing in cold water drying and grinding. It can be used for making soup with the addition if required of other ingredients such as vegetables and as it will keep good for a long time it is useful for Army or analogous uses.",GB188709419A,1887,0
+"Our Improvements in the Art of Block Printing consist principally in the peculiar and novel arrangement or construction of the table to be used by printers of calicoes, muslins, or other woven fabrics or materials adapted to receive impressions from the ordinary printing block, and also in the application of a drying cylinder to the printing table for the purpose of immediately drying the goods after they have received the impressions or color, and before they are rolled upon a drum or winding-on roller attached to the table, and thereby prevent the necessity of conducting the, printed goods over rollers or across the workshop or printing room, which is obliged to be done in the ordinary process of block printing, for the purpose of drying the goods, whereby a considerable saving of time, room, and expence will be effected, and the colours which have been imprinted upon the cloth will be much brighter in effect and considerably improved. Another feature of novelty and improvement is the application of a small temporary table and blanket covered with a piece of waste calico, and placed at the opposite side of the table to that where the workman stands, which small table and waste calico is for the purpose of receiving from the printing block what is usually termed in the trade the ""tip,"" that is, any extra portion of the block which may project over the width of the cloth, as is frequently the case. Another part of our improvement, therefore, is to obviate this defect, and the means or apparatus for accomplishing it is shewn in front and side elevation at Figures 5 and 6.",GB183707317A,1837,1
+"My invention relates to improvements in or connected with corsets the object being to provide simple means for more firmly and securely holding the busks or steels in position in such a manner that they are not liable to pull out or away from the corset which now frequently occurs from the strain which is brought to bear on them due to the fastenings and which when only pulled out to a small extent, is very unsightly, while in a very short time it renders the corset practically useless.",GB189713334A,1897,0
+"My invention applies to parts of a ""turning"" lathe, for turning and shaping screws nuts, and other articles out of brass, iron, or other metal; the object being to obtain a lathe that may be very readily and easily manipulated so that a large number of similar articles may be rapidly produced.",GB188917714A,1889,1
+"""The object of this Invention is to be able to remove and replace with facility any rib or broken wire in the framework of an umbrella or parasol, and also to simplify the construction of the general framework of these and similar articles."".""One object of this Invention is so to construct the metal frames of umbrellas and parasols as to admit of the easy removal of any broken rib or stretcher in the framework of an umbrella or parasol, and the substitution of a new rib or stretcher for the broken part without the necessity of taking the whole framework to pieces. Another object of the Invention is to simplify the construction of the general framework of these and similar articles so that the several parts may to a great extent be made by machinery, so that the skilled labor required in the manufacture of these articles may be considerably reduced.""",GB187500410A,1875,1
+"""The object of this invention is to provide a machine by means of which the most elaborate and delicate carvings and sculptures as well as natural patterns or casts therefrom may be reproduced in unlimited number and at an enormous reduction in time and cost as compared to hand work and all methods heretofore employed the machine being so organized that the patterns or models, which may be composed of any proper material, will sustain no damage during the process of duplication.""",GB189112345A,1891,1
+"This Invention has for its object the lasting of boots and shoes with rapidity and precision by machinery.
+This Invention has for its object the lasting of boots and shoes with rapidity and precision by the machinery herein-after described, and which is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
+And as it is intended, instead of drawing the leather up on the last by pulling it at its edges to compress it upon the last by an automatically fitting bandage, I have made use of this part of the said former machine to wrap the bandage properly and tightly upon the upper.",GB187404078A,1874,1
+"This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in automatic loaders, conveyors and unloaders, and is especially adapted for loading and unloading vessels, and has for its object to provide a simple and effective mechanism for receiving, conveying and depositing the cargo of vessels either in package or bulk form, so as to bring about an even and continuous motion which will avoid the enormous delays which are now occasioned by the present method. The unloading platform P is arranged slightly below the level of the upper surface of the carriers while in their horizontal position, and has formed thereon the fingers T through which the fingers of the carriers pass just prior to said carriers being deflected downward, as before set forth; the object of which arrangement is to permit the carriers to convey the load to the platform and then deposit it thereon automatically.",GB189813254A,1898,1
+"The object of this Invention is to facilitate the charging and dis-
+charging of the retorts used in gasworks by the aid of machinery, and
+to decrease the amount of manual labour attendant thereon, and consists
+in forming each of the retorts [which may be round, oval, or other
+convenient shape in transverse section] of an increasing diameter from
+the mouth to the back end, which is open and communicates with a
+chamber common to the whole setting.",GB186900782A,1869,1
+"The first part of this Invention has for its object the rendering of steam hammers self-acting in reversing the piston immediately on the blow being given, and at whatever length of stroke required or thickness of metal under operation. The third part of this Invention has reference to improved means of applying steam hammers for rivetting cylindrical steam boilers and tubes.",GB186502805A,1865,1
+"The object of my invention is to produce textile fabrics, with a better finish, handle solidity, appearance, durability, weight condition and strength than has hitherto been obtained. The object of my invention is to impart to textile fabrics, better finish, handle solidity, appearance, durability, weight, and condition, than has hitherto been obtained.",GB188203569A,1882,0
+In order to save manual labour in the transport of the pressed articles to the drying ground I employ improved transport wagons.,GB186002071A,1860,1
+"This Invention relates to a tool which is intended for the purpose of cutting boiler tubes to the proper length, either before putting them in their places, or after putting them in and fastening one end.",GB186503214A,1865,0
+"My invention relates to games and toys, and particularly to a puzzle, the object in view being to provide a device of this class which, while of simple construction, involves a problem somewhat difficult of solution, and requiring an exercise of skill and ingenuity in the accomplishment thereof. Further objects and advantages of this invention will appear in the following description, and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in the claims appended.",GB189817688A,1898,0
+"My improvements relate to the working by steam or other motive power of lithographic printing presses such as are usually worked by hand, by which said improvements also the lithographic pressman is enabled without other assistance to work the press, and his own labor is materially lessened.",GB186301970A,1863,1
+"This Invention has for object improvements in the manufacture of brushes, and according thereto I use in conjunction with the hair, bristles, or fibres ordinarily used in such manufacture wires, or metallic threads,, or filaments, as hereinafter described.",GB188003596A,1880,0
+"The object of this my said Invention is to secure the button in a simple and efficacious manner, dispensing with the sewing hitherto employed.",GB188102298A,1881,1
+"My invention relates to a new or improved composition of substances for quickly and easily cleaning and polishing all kinds of polished metal goods, and has for its object to remove all dirt and stains from such goods with less labour that hitherto, and to produce upon the said goods a brilliant and lasting polish without the use of any polishing agent other than that contained in the said compound, and it is my intention that my said cleaning and polishing composition as hereinafter set forth shall be commercially known as ""Briteall-The Universal Metal Polish.""",GB189818416A,1898,1
+This invention has for its object improvements in the use of Transparent Gelatine as a Substitute for Glass or Paper for the support of the sensitive Gelatinous films used for Photographic purposes.,GB188609460A,1886,0
+"With this machine provided with a plain or smooth cylinder I can glace or press fabrics, leather, paper, or other material and thus do away with the ordinary work of the hydraulic presses. With the same machine provided with an engraved cylinder I can effect the stamping or the embossing with the peculiarity that I produce the effect of a satin surface on the parts operated on or pressed.",GB188502498A,1885,1
+"This Invention relates to certain improvements in the shuttle motion of looms for narrow goods, such as ribbons, suspenders, and so forth, in which the requisite motion is imparted to the shuttles generally by a reciprocating toothed rack and a series of cog wheels arranged on opposite sides of the gap, and in looms with two or more shuttles one above the other. A .vertically adjustable rack and pinion for each shuttle, or other complicated mechanisms, are employed to impart to the shuttles the desired motion, and the loom is rendered expensive and liable to get out of order. These difficulties are obviated by this present Invention, which consists in the employment or use of a reciprocating carrier in combination with the toothed rack and cog wheels or other equivalent mechanism, and with a series of shuttles mounted one above the other in a vertically adjustable frame, and provided with guide grooves to receive suitable dogs which project from the carrier in such a manner that by raising or lowering the shuttle frame each of the shuttles in the tier can be thrown in gear with one and the same carrier, and the desired motion is imparted to it without requiring teeth in the shuttle itself, or without requiring a separate carrier and separate racks and pinions for each shuttle, and with a mechanism which is simple, durable, and not liable to get out of order.",GB186502836A,1865,1
+"""The object of the said improvements is to secure a more perfect application of means than has heretofore been devised for automatically feeding, separating, and spreading the bristles to form them into bunches or tufts and to provide a more perfect and complete method or combination of means for adjusting the brush back or stock to insure regularity in the insertion of the fibres, such means acting in concert with suitable devices for inserting and securing the tufts.""",GB186802815A,1868,1
+Our invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of casements and their parts and has particular reference to the bars forming such casements by which economy in the manufacture is effected as by our invention we only require three sections of bars to enable us to construct a casement whereas in the present method four sections are required.,GB189901742A,1899,1
+"The object of my invention is to puddle and purify metals, and to convert the same into a homogeneous body which can be made into either malleable ingots or malleable castings or into steel castings or steel ingots by smelting the metal with the aid of gas in a converter constructed as hereafter described or as a saving of time by smelting the metal first in a cupola or a smelting furnace and afterwards to run it into the converter.",GB188919333A,1889,0
+"The object of my present invention is to provide a detachable parcel carrier for bicycles and the like, of simple, strong and durable construction, light in weight and easily handled.",GB189614352A,1896,0
+"My invention relates to an improved clip or holder adapted for filing or holding papers, and also for holding paper bags, toilet paper and the like, without the necessity for perforating the paper for a string or hook.",GB189421637A,1894,0
+"My invention relates to sea-shore railways and rolling stock therefor, the object being to enable lands which are intermittently or permanently covered by the waters of seas or rivers to be utilized for railroads or tramroads without interfering with the navigation of such waters.",GB189309719A,1893,0
+"The auxiliary lighter is not intended as a firelighter per se, its purpose being to act in combination only-but-it may be so shaped as to form a part or parts, of the complete design of a framework firelighter. The auxiliary lighter is not intended as a firelighter per se, its purpose being to act in combination only, and it may be combined with a framework firelighter, either of the cage or any other form.",GB189514423A,1895,0
+"The object of this Invention is to overcome these difficulties and distribute types automatically from a column, page, or series of lines into the separate channels or subdivisions of a case or receiver ready, for use in a composing machine, or from which they can be readily transferred to an ordinary type case for composing by hand. It is the object of this Invention to overcome these difficulties, and distribute types automaticallyfrom a column, page, or series of lines into the separate channels or subdivisions of a case or receiver ready for use in a composing machine, or from which they can be readily transferred to an ordinary type case for composing by hand.",GB187900094A,1879,1
+"The object of this improvement is to render the device for enabling the lamp to be lifted or removed without extinguishing the light less unsightly, and its use less liable to be neglected than in the arrangements at present in use.",GB188703375A,1887,0
+"By employing apparatus according to my invention staves may be quickly gauged in the hoops and evenly set up on the outside notwithstanding their inequalities in thickness and thick and unyielding staves which have previously been cut out to uniform length may be rapidly driven into the hoops and held tightly together without using a hand hammer to drive them down as is now usual.
+
+By employing apparatus according to my invention staves may be quickly gauged in the hoops and evenly set up on the outside notwithstanding their unequalities in thickness and the thick and unyielding staves which have previously been cut out to uniform length may be rapidly trussed and held tightly together without using a hand hammer to drive them down as is now usual.",GB188804291A,1888,1
+"The first part of the Invention relates to a self-acting method for preventing water from overflowing the condensers of steam engines and entering the cylinders of the same. This object is effected by means of a slide valve placed on the outside of the condenser, having attached to it a lever carrying a float, which rises as the water accumulates in the condenser, and opens the valve, thereby allowing the water to rush out, or the air to rush in and destroy the vacuum: at the same time this action takes place the injection water is shut off by means of a valve worked by suitable levers connected with the float above mentioned.",GB185300525A,1853,0
+"This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in machines for planing, tonguing and grooving boards, at one operation, and it has for its objects: 1st To provide a plurality of revolving cutter-heads, with blades, which shall act to dress the stock on both sides to form tongues thereon and to sever the same, as the stock is fed through the machine, without any waste of the stock. 2nd To provide means whereby access may be had to the intermediate edge of a board, for the purpose of grooving the same, yet without waste. 3rd To provide improved cutting blades, of such character as to form deep grooves in the upper and lower surfaces of the stock, leaving an intermediate portion of the material to constitute the tongues and 4th To provide blades, which shall act on the intermediate portion of the material which is left, so as to sever it, and at the same time form the proper finish to the edges of the tongues. The object of this arrangement, is to dress both sides of the stock, also to tongue"" the same on its opposite sides, by merely passing it through. the machine, as will be presently described. It is a material feature of my invention to accomplish this end, for doing which, I provide the machine with an inclined plane T, located so as to elevate the board adjacent to the untouched edge of the one to be grooved, as the stock is forced through the machine, the parting blades having effected a separation between it and the adjacent boards before it reached this point.",GB188410723A,1884,0
+"This is objectionable, and I remedy it as follows: I use an ordinary stock frame, in the body of which there is an öpening or a series of openings for the reception of the screwing dies. By these means I am enabled to prolong the screw to the shoulder on such articles as have shoulders, heads, rims, or washers, and to supersede the einployment of the plates ordinarily used with screw stocks.",GB186602079A,1866,0
+"The object of this invention is to cut or machine work on both backward and forward strokes of planing, shaping, slotting, plate edgeing, and similar machines thereby decreasing the cost of the work and considerably increasing the amount of work done in a given time on these and similar machines.",GB189014493A,1890,1
+"The straw or other material is shaken by a revolving drum A or other such means for the purpose of equalizing it, and is spread out on a travelling wire table B supported upon rollers 6 so as to have one layer of the material under treatment at one time or as few layers as possible, and to deal with such layers continuously. The travelling wire tables are carried on stretching rolls F, and at the end of the travelling wire upon which the washing process is carried out are rollers F¹, between which the material is delivered and pressed and carried forward for the purpose of cutting it continuously into the required lengths by strong cross-cut knives G, that is, a revolving knife edge running against a fixed knife edge, as indicated in the Drawings at G.",GB188104844A,1881,1
+"Our Invention has for its object, in a simple manner to make curtain and such 1 ke hollow rods, in universal jointed parts capable of being set at requisite angle to each other, so as to suit the Window or such like desired space. Our Invention has for its object in a simpler manner manner than heretofore to make Curtain and such like hollow rods in jointed parts capable of being set at requisite angle to each other, so as to suit the window or such like desired space over which it is desired the curtain be suspended.",GB189705291A,1897,0
+"To avoid the above mentioned losses and inconvenience and to promote ease and
+economy in use we propose to mould Napthalene into the form of small spheres of
+convenient size, preferably (say) from inch to 1 inch diameter according to the
+size of the carburetting vessels, in the manner hereinafter fully descrioed.
+
+In order to avoid the above mentioned inconveniences and losses as well as to
+promote cleanliness, economy of time and labor in use and ease and safety in
+handling, packing and carriage we mould the napthalene into small spherical or
+substantially spherical shapes or balls of moderate and convenient size preferably
+into spheres of about five eighths of one inch in diameter or from that say to one
+inch in diameter, that range of sizes being found to admit of the most convenient
+packing being effected in the sizes and forms of carburetting vessels at present used
+but the sizes may be varied to suit the vessels that are to receive them.",GB188714085A,1887,1
+The object of my Invention is to feed fibrous substances onto the aprons of scribbling and carding machines in a regular and uniform manner by means of self-acting apparatus. The object of my Invention is to feed fibrous substances onto the aprons of scribbling and carding machines in a regular and uniform manner by means of self-acting apparatus.,GB188408733A,1884,1
+"The object of this arrangement of air channels is to divide up the external space and to allow cool atmospheric air to act upon the heated gas admitted to the condenser. These extensions are intended to receive a cover O, which is closed by a water joint, and they are held down in place (gunny bags or other suitable packing being interposed between them and the mouths of the chamber) by means of clamping screws fitted to cross bars P, the ends of which enter fixed lugs Q, Q, on the sides of the trough, such clamping screws bearing upon blocks of wood interposed between them and the covers O.",GB187400348A,1874,0
+"The action of the apparatus which I employ to regulate the motion of machines is dependant on the variation of power transmitted' through the main shaft or other prime mover, and is wholly irrespective of the rate of motion or any alteration of speed, the object being to maintain any fixed and unvarying number of revolutions required.",GB185301744A,1853,0
+"This invention relates to air-brake couplings for cars, and it has for its object to provide a coupling of this character adapted for use in connection with the ordinary automatic car coupling, whereby the usual air-brake couplings between the cars may be effected without the necessity of an attendant stepping between the cars for this purpose. To this end the main and primary object of the invention is to provide an air-brake coupling adapted to couple automatically and simultaneously with the coupling of the cars, and adapted for support by any of the ordinary styles of automatic couplings now in use. With these and other objects in view which will readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated and claimed.",GB189417736A,1894,1
+"My said Invention has for object to obtain in steam engines an improved
+vacuum, with at the same time a reduction in the surface or size of the con-
+denser, if a surface condenser is used, or in the quantity of cold injection water
+if a jet condenser is used; whilst the feed water is delivered at a comparatively
+high temperature.",GB186303219A,1863,0
+"Now the object of my invention is to facilitate and expedite the charging of the oven bottom or drawplate so as to save time and fuel besides rendering the work more easy for the attendants.Now the object of my invention is to facilitate and expedite the charging of the oven bottom or drawplate so as to save time, fuel and labour besides rendering the work more easy for the attendants and more exact.",GB189603255A,1896,1
+The object of this invention is to provide a horse gear the top of which when not in use shall be level with the ground when the pole to which the horse or other animal is attached is disconnected. The object of this invention is to provide a horse gear the top of which when not in use shall be level with the ground when the pole to which the horse or other animal is attached is disconnected or not required.,GB189012370A,1890,0
+"By means of this wood sheathing I am enabled to copper sheath the bottoms and armour plating of iron ships, and so protect them and prevent their bottoms fouling in as efficient a manner as a coppered wooden ship, at same time preventing all galvanic action and destruction of the plates thereby.",GB186303014A,1863,0
+"My invention is primarily intended to overcome some of the disadvantages attending the electric lamps already designed for similar purposes, as, for instance, to provide for the escape of the gas generated by the action of the battery, to provide an arrangement for recharging the battery without removal from the complete lamp, and also an arrangement by which new acid or fluid may be more readily introduced to the battery, by the eniployment of valve tubes.",GB189215059A,1892,0
+"The object of my Invention is to prevent the emission of visible smoke from the furnaces of land and marine steam engines. The legislature having prohibited the use of furnaces for stationary engines which send forth visible smoke, it is of the highest importance that the best means of raising steam without causing an annoyance by smoke should be known and adopted. And it is equally important that smoke should be consumed in marine furnaces, although this is not yet made compulsory by law; because, in the first place, it is highly essential that vessels engaged in war should be able to manœuvre without being observed and watched by the enemy; and as smoke soils the sails and rigging, many sailors have a great objection to serve in war steamers.",GB185501023A,1855,0
+"This invention has reference to the improved manufacture of knitted fabrics, such as stockings, and other hosiery, and in means or apparatus employed therein; and is designed to render the said machinery capable of producing continuously, or automatically, upon the one and the same machine without transfer from one machine to another, the various changes in construction, or arrangement of the threads, of the fabrics, such as the plain work parts, the narrowings in the legs and heels and in the formation of the feet, narrowings and widenings in the toes and gussets.",GB189016150A,1890,1
+"The object of my invention is to utilize and turn to better account than is now done, the inferior sorts of fuel, such as breeze from gas works, small anthracite and other inferior sorts of coal or refuse fuel or hydrocarbons.",GB188712481A,1887,0
+"""This invention for Improved fog signalling apparatus for railways has for its object to enable the signalınan when placing the home or distant signal at danger to auto-
+matically place in position on the rails an ordinary detonating fog signal and thereby
+dispense with a special attendant such as is necessary for placing the detonators on
+the rail by hand as is the general practice at the present time during foggy
+weather.""",GB188816899A,1888,1
+"The apparatus which forms the subject of the present invention, is intended to take the place of the night watchman ordinarily employed to wake persons sleeping in different rooms in hotels and other places of the like kind, the improved apparatus operating by means of electric bells.",GB189414240A,1894,0
+"My invention relates to exercising machines and has for its object to provide certain new and useful improvements in exercising machines, and particularly to provide what I would describe as a double acting machine or a machine capable of being used from the top or bottom. It is my wish to produce an exercising machine in which there will be no occasion to adjust, remove or vary the connection of the several parts when it is desired to change the angle of operation. That is to say, I wish a machine which may be used pulling from the top or downwardly or from the bottom or upwardly without the necessity of removing or changing the relation of any of the parts.",GB189629930A,1896,0
+"My improvements have reference to combing machines in which drawing off rollers and leathers are employed for drawing off the fibres from the pins of the combs, the object being to dispense with the flat plate which is usually employed for connecting the top with the bottom stands, such arrangement being so constructed that the stands can be readily released from each other when the leathers require changing, or when anything occurs in which the rollers and leathers require attention.",GB188615635A,1886,0
+"This Invention is designed principally for the purpose of connecting the signal wires described and referred to in the Specification of Letters Patent, dated 5th June, A.D. 1865, No. 1543, but it is also applicable equally to connecting the wires used in other systems where a current of electricity is the medium employed for transmitting the signals. The object of which is to establish metallic contact between the wires d and d' whenever the two parts of the coupling are separated.",GB186700488A,1867,0
+An Invention specially designed for making iron or steel nails to supersede the well known patent wrought nails such as manufactured at the present time by Messrs J. J. Cordes & Company Newport Monmouthshire.,GB188412231A,1884,1
+This invention has for its object the construction of improved and simple apparatus specially designed for filtering feed water for steam boilers but also applicable for filtering water or other liquids for various purposes.,GB189915116A,1899,0
+"This invention has for its object the production of a durable low cost wrench, which may be quickly applied to pipe and other objects to be turned without removing the wrench.",GB188902419A,1889,0
+"The object of our invention is to construct an extra top or plate to gas stoves of the required shape and size having lever and crank attachments which connect it with the supply tap and which may be adapted in the construction of new stoves, or may be fitted as an improved addition to existing stoves, the said extra top or plate acting as a self regulator to the supply tap so that when the stove is in use the required gas passes through the supply tap, and when the stove is not in use, only sufficient gas is allowed to pass through the supply tap that will give a small light sufficient to withstand ordinary draughts, the amount of gas in both cases being under control by extra taps or plugs; the said extra top or plate acting automatically as a self regulator to the stove, thus doing away with the trouble of continually turning on and off the supply tap and relighting the burner, as is the case with existing stoves consequently a considerable reduction in the consumption of gas is effected, at the same time greatly reducing the heat engendered by the stove when not in use, which is of great importance where a number of operatives work together in one room. The object of our invention is to construct mechanism, that will automatically control the supply tap of gas stoves, of principally that class which are known as shoemakers or bookbinders finishing stoves, so that when in use the required quantity of gas may pass through the supply tap, but when not in use the tap is turned nearly off, and only enough gas is allowed through it, that will give a small flame light sufficient to withstand ordinary draughts.",GB189409063A,1894,1
+The object of this invention is to construct a metallic receptacle for the above mentioned purposes by preference of sheet metal and as hereinafter described. In this manner I construct an improved receptacle capable of storing and transporting liquids with safety and the contents of which can be withdrawn gradually and without tilting the vessel.,GB188607266A,1886,0
+"The ship's berth which I have devised is so made that the couch proper may at all times assume a horizontal position irrespective of the rolling or pitching motions of the ship in which the berth is arranged. It is more particularly applicable against sea sickness, but it is likewise intended for wounded persons ou board ship or for other purposes.",GB189414604A,1894,0
+"My Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in implements or machines for digging or removing growing potatoes from the earth, the object of my said improvements being the more rapid and economical removal of the potatoes.
+
+My Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in implements or machines for digging or removing growing potatoes from the earth; the object of my said improvements being so to construct the machines that the removal of the potatoes is effected more rapidly and economically than by the ordinary machines.",GB187702625A,1877,1
+"The advantages of my Invention consist in building structures which shall be capable of affording a controlable temperature internally during the hottest weather, and as all the parts are mechanically prepared and fitted at the builder's factory, such structures can be put together in the shortest time by unskilled labour and with great dispatch. Besides the foregoing advantages over any other structures now in use mine may be removed from one site to another with very little cost of labour or inconvenience beyond carriage charges.",GB186303196A,1863,1
+The object of the invention is to produce an apparatus which shall be entirely automatic in its operation and which will deliver the strip to the die or punch in the best condition for cutting.,GB189212414A,1892,1
+"The apparatus forming the subject of this invention is intended for distilling, by means of superheated steam, fatty acids, after their treatment with sulphuric acid or after being heated in an autoclave. The invention consists in superheating the steam necessary for distillation of the fatty acids tar and the like, by the heat of the substance to be distilled, and for this purpose I cause the steam, before passing into the substance to be distilled, to traverse partly a worm immersed in this substance, and partly the tubes arranged in the flues of the furnace.",GB189902858A,1899,0
+"The object of this convergence is to enable the pistons to sweep the ports in such a manner that the said ports in effect travel laterally over the pistons as they advance, and all water of condensation is rapidly ejected with a minimum of resistance. The object of this arrangement of ports and surface T is to enable the piston b which is approaching the exhaust ports n to remain stationary so far as radial movement is concerned until it has passed beyond the end of the exhaust port so as to relieve the pressure back of it and thus reduce the friction of its radial movement. The object of this is to supply steam to the running surfaces and insure thorough lubrication and thereby reduce the friction and wear, and also to act as pockets for the collection of any dirt &c. The object of these grooves is to supply steam on one hand when passing the steam port M and allow of the escape of steam and water when passing the exhaust ports n and when the pistons are entering the drum as before explained.",GB189213645A,1892,0
+"The object of my invention is to provide a simple and reliable appliance for the automatic regulation and controlling or governing of steam engines, water wheels, and other apparatus of kindred nature. The object of my invention is to provide a simple and reliable appliance for the automatic regulation and controlling or governing of steam engines, water wheels, and other apparatus of kindred nature.",GB189608067A,1896,0
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting and excavating coal and other minerals, applicable also to other mining purposes, and consists in the application of mechanical power as a substitute for or auxiliary to manual labour in cutting or excavating coal and other minerals.",GB186302837A,1863,1
+"""My said Invention relates to new or improved machinery or apparatus to be employed in distributing and arranging types for printing purposes, and has for its object to provide means whereby, as the types are distributed, they are arranged in proper order according to their kind in proper position for use in composing machines.""",GB188003345A,1880,1
+"This invention has for object to produce a new or improved boot varnish, which is calculated to give a bright polish to boots or shoes treated with it and can be applied with great facility and as easily be washed off.",GB189711500A,1897,0
+This invention relates to certain improvements in oil cans and has for its object the prevention of waste and inconvenience arising from the use of cans as hitherto constructed.,GB189713947A,1897,0
+This invention relates to machines for sharpening of saws and other tools and consists in improvements hereinafter described having for their principal purpose to form a machine for the automatic sharpening of saws by means of a file. This invention relates to machines for sharpening saws and other tools and consists in improvements hereinafter described having for their principal purpose to form a machine for the automatic sharpening of saws by means of a file.,GB188708497A,1887,1
+"""By manufacturing mats according to this invention it obviates the necessity of wrapping the yarn round the rod with the fingers thus effecting a great saving of time and waste of material and making a very strong mat.""",GB188204030A,1882,1
+"This invention relates.to improvements in steam, boilers and it has for its purpose. to improve and simplify the construction thereof and to secure greater economy in the generation of steam, and the various features by which these ends are accomplished will be pointed out hereafter.. It is one of the purposes of this invention to make the velocity of the water flowing in this circuit as great as possible, and this is done by making the headers FG of much larger cross-section than has been customary in water-tube boilers, and securing straight passages from the tubes to the drum D. To further prevent the bulging of the plates pp midway between the braces a a and with the further object of providing an orifice through which to direct a steam-jet to blow soot and ashes from the tops of the tubes, a hollow stay bolt a' (Figures 3 and 4) is preferably inserted directly over each tube, and midway between it anl the tube next above. To purify the water entering the boiler, from sediment and scale and collect such impurities at one point, the rear header G, (Figures 1 11 and 12) extends cousider- ably below the level of the lowest row of tubes and forms a settling-chamber G' in which such sediment as forms in the circulating water is deposited. To secure dry steam from drums of small diameter it has heretofore been customary to take the steam from the steam come or from an upper steam drum, or to run a ""dry pipe"" along one crown of the drum, perforated with holes, the object being to take the steam from the point nearest the top of the steam chamber. While these devices answer fairly well where boilers are worked with pure water at moderate rates; it is one of the purposes of this invention to have the boiler. furnish dry steam at all times, and this is effected by causing the steam in flowing outward to take a circuitous course. The object of this fan is first to furnish power for operating the mechanism to drain the water in the trap back to the main body of water in the boiler; and second any entrained water which has passed the baffle plates will be thrown against the blades of the fan, and then thrown off them by centrifugal force against the walls of the pipe.",GB189418593A,1894,0
+This invention relates to improvements in coupling or connecting metal pipes to spigot orifices of earthenware sanitary vessels and has for its object to provide an elastic or shifting water tight union joint between the said pipe and spigot orifice.,GB189005269A,1890,0
+"This Invention relates to the manufacture of endless band knives to be used in machines for cutting cloth, leather, rubber, and other materials, the objects in view being to obtain greater cutting power, and to reduce friction.",GB188203823A,1882,0
+"My invention relates to an improvement in tooth, nail, flesh, scrubbing, and other brushes in the use of which water is employed for cleaning purposes and it has for its object to provide a means of enabling the water usually retained at the roots of the tufts of bristles to be drained off when the brush is put away after use and so avoid the decay to which the tufts are liable through the action of the moisture and whereby more especially in the case of tooth brushes the brush is also rendered sweeter and preserved in a more sanitary condition by preventing the secretion of impure watery deposits at the roots of the tufts. My invention relates to an improvement in tooth brushes, nail brushes, flesh brushes, scrubbing brushes, and others with which water is employed, and the improvement has for its object to avoid the sourness and ultimate decay due to fermentative action about the roots of the bristles consequent on the retention of moisture when the brush is put away after use and more especially in the case of a tooth brush to preserve the brush in a sweeter and more sanitary condition.",GB189601151A,1896,0
+"""According to my present invention I produce a similar configuration of stitching by means of a cycle of four stitches only, thereby saving one third of the labour required to produce the said configuration of stitching, and simplifying the mechanism required to produce it.""",GB188504947A,1885,1
+"The chief object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved sole-levelling machine having twin jacks adapted to be rotated horizontally and to move laterally and longitudinally, and so constructed that while a boot or shoe on one jack is being acted, upon by a vibrating roller-leveler, the attendant or operator can mount and prepare on the other jack another boot or shoe to be leveled, thereby increasing the efficiency of sole-leveling machines and producing a machine which is susceptible of rapidly leveling the soles of boots and slioes without loss of time. The invention also has for its object to provide new and improved adjustable leveling-rolls adapted to act upon shoe soles which vary in contour or shape, and also to conform to the angle at which the sole is presented and to equalize the pressure over the entire sole.",GB189507631A,1895,1
+"""The advantages of the above improvements are that there will be a great saving of labor in stoking and minding the fires, the fuel is also consumed in a more economical and regular manner than heretofore, and as the fire is not being continually disturbed fuel of a cheaper kind than the ordinary fuel may be employed. The construction of the mechanism, moreover, admits of the working parts being repaired with facility and at moderate expense.""",GB186900116A,1869,1
+"To overcome these defects and also to provide means for dispensing with the lifting of the rollers when removing the banks or rinsing-out and also to cause the dye or size to be run into the vat or vats and afterwards displaced or emptied are the principal objects of my Invention. The cistern c containing the dye or size is provided with a piston braised and lowered by means of the rack and pinion 62, 63, the object being to run the required quantity of liquor from the cistern e into the vat or vats through connected piping c¹ and after being used to return it to the cistern, but in many cases the used or spent liquor may be allowed to run from the vats into buckets or to waste. In front of the vat a sliding door j¹ is mounted the object of which is to prevent the size from and keeps the heat within the box during the time the swift is being rotated rapidly.",GB188204371A,1882,0
+"The objects of my invention are, 1st. To enable the operator to accomplish a great amount of work with facility or to accomplish more work than can be effected by manual means as is now the general custom. 2ndly. To obviate during the washing process the necessity of the operator standing over the wash tub from which steam may be issuing.",GB188911987A,1889,1
+"The object of the present invention is, on the one hand, to preserve the unity of the generating machinery and the simplicity of arrangement of the main feeding conductors, as is the case in the two wire systems, and on the other hand to regulate the potential difference for each group automatically by a peculiar arrangement of the distributing mains and by regulating devices in such a manner that the regulating devices can be located wherever convenient and can be easily shifted if necessary. The action of these regulating devices being entirely automatic, the necessity for any supervision is obviated.",GB188903674A,1889,1
+"To abolish all flats, sharps, double flats, double sharps, and naturals which are now used to contradict them. To provide a new system of the present scales, and to abolish the figured basses, augmented and diminished intervals now used in harmony, and to provide an improved system of writing thorough bass and modulation.",GB189121092A,1891,0

labor_saving_classifier_val_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+stated_aims,patent_id,year,labor-saving
+The object is to facilitate the propulsion of ships and navigable vessels by maintaining the submerged surface in such condition that resistance to its passage through the water is reduced.,GB189014747A,1890,0
+"My invention relates to improvements in copy holders and the special objects of it are to provide for the copy being moved automatically by the holder so as to avoid the necessity of the copyist's having his attention taken off his work by having to turn a roller or to press a stud or a lever; to provide for the variation of the rate at which the copy is traversed past the line of sight and also to provide for the exhibition of the particular portion to be copied close to, and more or less on a level with, the sheet on which the transcriber is writing.My invention relates to improvements in copy holders and the special objects of it are:-
+(a.) To provide for the copy being moved automatically by the holder so as to
+avoid the necessity of the copyist's attention being taken off his work to turn a
+roller or to press a stud or a lever.
+(b.) To provide for the variation of the rate at which the copy is traversed past
+the line of sight; and
+(c.) To provide for the exhibition of the particular portion to be copied, close
+to and more or less on a level with the sheet on which the transcriber is writing.",GB189323941A,1893,1
+"The object of my invention is to replace the ordinary paper wrapper in cigarettes
+by a wrapper composed merely of inorganic substances of suitable quality. By employing mineral wrappers instead of the covering tobacco leaf the cigar
+can be considerably cheapened without touching its quality and at the same time
+the long contested problem of making cigars by machinery would be more easily
+solved.",GB189423852A,1894,1
+"The object of our invention is to give or create an alarm or ringing, on a person
+entering or leaving a room by the door; the act of turning the knob or handle for
+withdrawing the latch bolt gives the alarm and indicates an exit or entrance. Or
+the turning of the handle or knob of a door of a bedroom gives a surprise, and calls
+attention to the fact, that a person is clandestinely entering; so that by constructing
+and arranging ringing alarm locks and latches as indicated, a person is unable to
+make an entrance through a door without creating an alarm or calling attention.",GB188607099A,1886,0
+"The objects of this Invention are,
+1. To gather the sheets mechanically against the stops on the delivery boards of
+printing machines.
+2. To prevent the rebound of the printed sheets when reaching the stops.
+3. To ensure a perfectly level superposition of the sheets upon such delivery
+boards.",GB188001513A,1880,0
+"""Heretofore in printing these goods the color rollers and their accessories have been mounted in the general fixed framing of the machine, thereby causing a great waste of time when changing the colors from one part of the machine to another, in changing the coloring of a design, or in changing the design altogether, as in that case the color rollers and their accessories have to be separately taken from their bearings and removed to their respective places in the altered design intended to be printed necessarily occupying much time. By the use of the portable color frame, the color rollers and their accessories are removed and, replaced at once by simply lifting from one part of the machine to another when it is necessary to alter the coloring of any design, thereby economising time and rendering the operation much moro cleanly. It has been usual in printing these goods to apply the coloring matters on to the upper surface of the printing rollers or cylinders, thereby preventing the possibility of applying more than a very limited quantity of colouring matter without liability of the color flowing down into the carved or engraved parts of the design and causing defects in the work. But by means of the adjustable radial arms and adjusting worms carried in the color frames the endless color cloths can be adjusted at various angles to the printing surfaces. Wo find that the best results are produced by bringing the color cloths into such a position or angle that the color shall be applied from below or to the under side of the printing rollers, whereby larger quantititics of color can be applied without danger of its flowing into the carved parts of the design, thus obviating many defects in the printing and at the same time producing greater brilliancy of color. These moveable segmental pattern blocks may be cut or carved in the usual manner or they may be constructed with stereotype surfaces, as is well known, and attached by dovetails and grooves to the central cores, by which contrivance large and claborate designs can be obtained at less cost than by the usual method of forming the printing cylinders. By this arrangement greater accuracy of register is secured and a much larger amount of colouring matter can be applied to the printing surfaces and consequently greater brilliancy of design obtained than heretofore.""",GB187100577A,1871,1
+"My invention relates to an appliance to be used on rifle ranges, to provide against such damage, by restricting the projectile within safe limits, as I will explain referring to the accompanying diagram, representing the longitudinal section of a range from the shooting stage S to the target T. In order to ensure that in no part of its course the projectile should strike the ground, I raise the shooting stage S and the target T several feet above the ground level Ġ.",GB188509357A,1885,0
+"This part of my Invention is applicable to all furnace mouths where the heat is so great that the workmen cannot remain above a few seconds without retreating, or under any circumstances where it is an advantage to protect the workmen from fire heat, and for this purpose the stream of cold water must be led round the face of the furnace in form or shape as circumstances may require, the object being to bring between the workmen and the fire a shield of cold water.",GB184510657A,1845,0
+"Our Invention has reference to improvements upon a former Patent granted to us on the Twenty-sixth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, and numbered 4150, and has for its object an advantageous method of further simplifying the process of weaving or setting chenille carpets and rugs, and economizing labour in the manufacture of the same by the production of a double shed in place of the triple system previously described in the Patent above mentioned, to effect which we now employ two treddles, three upper rollers or tumblers, and double catcher or chain for binding the pile of the fabric in conjunction with corresponding leaves or shafts shewn in the said former Patent, and consists in attaching a balance weight or similar mechanical appliance to the front roller on the top of the loom so as to give the required counteraction or tension to the catcher chain on releasing the foot from the treddles, also lifting or raising the float, warp, or chain, by the introduction of a third roller or tumbler on the top of the loom, so that by the action of either of the two treddles wo are enabled to accomplish more than hus hitherto only been obtained by the employment of a greater number of treddles.",GB187604931A,1876,1
+The object of my invention is to so fit a drop paul or stud lever within a notch which I form in the catch guard that one end of the lever may drop or fall in front of the catch lever and lock it securely when the catch lever is shut to. The invention is applicable to all existing swing lever catch fasteners and when in position all attempts to open the lever from the outside are absolutely prevented.,GB188413136A,1884,0
+"The top of the burner is furnished with a hinged cone which falls back so as to clean the interior of the burner. In making burners we employ two pieces of brass or other metal, placed on each side of the oil cup, the object of which is to cause an even flame.",GB187702304A,1877,0
+"To obtain with the least possible fuel the greatest amount of effective power of the steam. To obtain these advantages this system of application and mechanism consists,-
+1. In the employment of superheated steam as a transmitting agent for heat to create, by mixing it with saturated steam at a stronger pressure than it possesses itself, a new superheated steam of proper temperature with relation to its pressure, called rational superheated steam.
+2. In imparting a useful heat to the steam with regard to its pressure, that is to say, such an amount of heat, that with the amount of expansion possible with such pressure, the exhaust has just sufficient pressure to overcome the counter pressure of the atmosphere, and thereupon retains only the smallest amount of heat necessary to produce this effect.
+3. In arranging the superheating apparatus in such place that the greatest useful effect for superheating is obtained with the smallest space. 4. In arranging the parts in such manner that water can be circulated in the superheating apparatus while steam is being got up, which water is taken from the boiler and returned thereto until the requisite pressure is obtained, and also that saturated steam can be circulated therein the engine is stopped, in order in both cases to protect the apparatus against the effects of excessive heat.",GB187900763A,1879,0
+"My invention relates to an improved machine for the automatic delivery of papers or journals in return for a coin, and it is designed to effect such delivery by means of mechanism which is allowed to operate by the dropping through a slot of a coin of stated value. My invention is applicable in some cases to simultaneously operate an arrangement or arrangements for advertisements, or showing a light which may illuminate the same, or striking a bell attached to the apparatus or performing any or all of these operations.",GB188708379A,1887,1
+"This invention has for it's object to prevent the trucks ""slowing"" or turning to a greater extent than demanded by the maximum curvature of the track, so that in case of derailment the truck will be kept under the car in running position.",GB188807752A,1888,0
+"My Invention consists of certain improvements in machinery and apparatus for the washing of clothes and textile fabrics of any kind whereby the combined operation of soaping, washing, boiling, rinsing, bluing, and finally of expelling the water from the clothes will be done and performed at a great saving of time, labor, and expense, without the necessity of the clothes operated upon being touched by the hand after having been once placed in the machine and before they shall have been thoroughly washed and the moisture expelled from them without a separate clothes wringer being required for the purpose. It is attached to the inside of the drum for the purpose of receiving the steam which enters the machine through the hollow axle E, and serves to distribute and convey the steam between and beneath the clothes within the machine, the steam being thus made to rise through the clothes, steaming them without more water in the machine during this operation than was necessary to moisten and to soap the clothes, the effect of steam under moderate pressure upon the clothes being far superior to that of boiling water.",GB187601215A,1876,1
+"This improved embossing batten is constructed with the object of simplifying the complicated mechanism of ordinary embossing-battens, which sometimes carrying as many as ten superposed shuttles for each piece of ribbon to be woven, have the same mechanism ten times repeated, that is to say, as many times as there are shuttles.",GB188104495A,1881,1
+"This fig. 1 is only introduced to simplify the intention & object of this invention, by shewing the space occupied and the present mode of working the machine.",GB188413168A,1884,0
+"The subject of my invention is a machine, by means of which the different manipulations in tanning, leather dressing, currying and leather manufacturing, such as whitening, evening, fleshing, paring, unhairing, grinding, polishing and removing the lime can be performed.",GB188403374A,1884,1
+This invention also removes the liability to creating sore shoulders so prevalent through the use of the present hames.,GB188919395A,1889,0
+"The object of my Invention is to furnish a railway car axle, simply and cheaply constructed, which shall revolve as in the present system, but upon which the wheels are loosely mounted, so as to avoid the torsion or twisting and slipping occasioned by running on a curve or irregularity of the track, or whith wheels of unequal size, but so adjusted that the wheels shall turn on the axle only sufficiently to accomplish this purpose, thus avoiding the great friction and wear upon the shoulder otherwise incident to a loose wheel, that is, an axle so constructed as to combine the advantages of the loose wheel and of the present revolving axle, with none of the peculiar disadvantages of either, and also so constructed that in case of the breakage of the wheel another may be readily substituted away from the shop, and without the use of the hydraulic press. With this object in view my Invention consists in forming near each end of the axle, by forging or otherwise, in the simplest possible manner, a bearing larger than those at the ends, upon which the wheel is slipped till it strikes a shoulder raised around the inner end of the bearing, and is retained in in place by a nut or cap screwed upon the axle till it strikes against the wheel.",GB187600074A,1876,0
+"As regards more especially the transport of fresh provisions on board ship, to counteract the passing in of heat by the contact of the sea with the sides of the vessel and the contact of the outer air, and the radiation from the sun in the tropics, it is necessary to form around the bulk of the goods a sort of envelope which shall be energetically cooled, and even to introduce into the midst of the mass of goods cold surfaces to maintain the requisite low temperature for the perfect preservation of provisions. To ensure a systematic circulation of the uncongealable liquid, and to obtain a uniform exchange of heat at all parts of the surface of the apparatus, divisions formed of strips of wood for example, about 50 millimetres thick, are placed between the two cylinders. It is above all in respect to economy in original outlay, and small amount of space occupied in a vessel, that apparatus of the above kind is advantageous. It permits also of maintaining a circulation of liquid sufficiently cold to ensure the maintenance of the low temperature necessary for the proper preservation of provisions.",GB188001365A,1880,0
+"The object of our Invention is to produce all the marks by one operation or by one revolution or reciprocation of a roller, or of a part upon which the scribers or markers are fixed.",GB187502538A,1875,1
+Now the object of this invention is to produce an oscillatory movement of the hammer block so that as the hammer head meets the heated bar to be operated upon a drawing or pulling effect is produced at each blow instead of a crushing effect as in the ordinary arrangements of such apparatus.,GB189119359A,1891,0
+"""I will here remark, that the operation for reducing the decoction from the lichens to a smaller volume, that is to say, the separation of a part of the liquid from the substance capable of producing the tinctorial matter, bas for its object to decrease the cost of labour in working upon a larger quantity while producing the color and in the transit of the colour itself.""",GB184912593A,1849,1
+"Now this Invention obviates the necessity of having a workman to release the two front chains; and this is accomplished by substituting for the two front eyeholes, inverted snugs or pockets, and having special hooks to fit them attached to the two front chains when, under these conditions the loaded tray is lowered till it reaches the bottom of the hold or other place, it remains there, and the Crane lowering a little further, the chains are slackened, and the two front ones, by reason of the peculiar construction of their hooks and the arrangement of the snugs or pockets, automatically disengage from the Tray, their hooks falling away and clear of the snugs or pockets so that when the Crane lifts, the Tray is only suspended by the two back chains and is discharged as by present methods.",GB189724584A,1897,1
+"In charging a reverberatory furnace with iron or steel billets the common practice has generally been to place each billet singly, either directly on the furnace bottom by hand, or to use a long charging bar known as a peel, for the purpose. This method of charging is necessarily slow, the operations of the furnace are greatly delayed and the manual labour required for charging is heavy and expensive. With my improved method the number of men required for working the furnace is very much reduced, and the operating of the charging trough involves little or no manual labour, and consequently materially reduces the cost of working.",GB189914073A,1899,1
+"""My invention relates to spring tyres for the wheels of motor cars, cycles & wheeled vehicles generally, its object being to lessen the vibration caused by the roughness or unevenness of the roads.""",GB189625754A,1896,0
+The object of my invention being to economise the cost of labour and reduce the time hitherto required for compressing ensilage materials.,GB188301807A,1883,1
+"My Invention consists in employing elastic fabrics in combination with bitumen or bitumenous mastics or compositions, for the purpose of forming vessels of various kinds of regular and irregular shapes, and also covering or coating various articles and things for the purpose of protecting them, rendering them capable of resisting the action of moisture or atmospheric influence, as also for the purpose of rendering them more perfect non-conductors of electricity, as well as to render articles so coated subservient to other useful purposes. For the purpose of coating various articles with a waterproof covering or envelope, and also for the purpose of better insulating and preserving telegraph posts, I apply an envelope of elastic material in combination with bitumen, similarly applied and as before described. In like manner other articles and things may be coated or covered for the purpose of protecting them, rendering them capable of resisting the action of moisture and the injurious action of atmospheric influences by the combined use of the elastic fabric and bitumen or bitumenous compound, as before described. For the purpose of forming T-shaped junction pieces and other compound figures I employ the circular elastic or looped fabric before referred to either alone or in combination with sheets or webs of the same material and secure the overlappings or junctions of such pieces of material by the aid of wire binding or by means of sewing or stitching with wire, thread, or any other material, and each coating or envelope thus applied is dipped in a bath of, or otherwise coating with, liquid bitumen or bitumenous composition. For the purpose of giving the requisite final shape or finish of articles produced as described I form hollow moulds, which may be halved or otherwise divided, and secured together and be capable of giving the requisite pressure for that purpose. For the purpose of coating various articles with a waterproof covering or envelope, and also for the purpose of better insulating and preserving telegraph posts, I apply an envelope of elastic material in combination with bitumen, similarly applied and as before described. For the purpose of removing the superfluous bitumen from the sheet of material as it emerges from the bath or pan, and by which means also regularity and uniformity in the thickness of the pipe is ensured.",GB186200011A,1862,0
+"The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the above process in which the combination of parts and their mechanical action is simple and effective. The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the washing process, in which the combination of parts and their mechanical action afford a simple and effective means of separating even the smallest particles of coal from the heavier impurities. The water may be supplied to the pipe c through either or both ends d, or by means of branch pipes extending from this pipe up the sides of the tank a, the object being to deliver the water with sufficient pressure into the lower part of the tank a to surge up and float the coal or other material readily and so to promote its separation from the heavier impurities.",GB188615535A,1886,0
+"The leading object of all the manipulations which iron after it leaves the blast furnace undergoes as a preparation for its being rolled or hammered for the market, either as steel or wrought iron, is to free it from the superabundant carbon and the impurities referred to. The object of the present improvements is to so treat or prepare the cast iron as a preliminary to its being subjected to the puddling or other process that a much more perfect intermingling of the fluid iron and the oxygen, oxides, or other purifying agents or ingredients which it may be desired to apply to it may be obtained, and by accomplishing this I am enabled to greatly economize labor and fuel and to produce a more satisfactory wrought iron, puddled steel, or cast steel than has hitherto been practicable.",GB186903025A,1869,1
+"The object of this invention is to produce a sewing-machine for making the ordinary lock-stitch in which both threads can be used directly from a spool, ball or cop, thus saving the time usually required to wind up the shuttle thread upon a bobbin, and in which the necessary take-up can be accomplished without the provision of a separate device for the purpose; furthermore, to produce a sewing-machine for making the ordinary lock-stitch, in which both threads can be used directly from a spool, ball or cop, and in which the loop-taker is so arranged as to allow the loops of the needle-thread to pass through by or beyond the shaft of the loop-taker to enclose the shuttle-thread and in which the loop-taker is so formed as to serve as a take-up.",GB189203525A,1892,1
+"My said Invention relates to the construction of window blinds and screens, whereby economy of production and facility for changing the blind or material forming the screen are obtained.",GB186502699A,1865,1
+"This invention relates to certain improvements in picking machines such as are especially adapted for picking curled hair and it has for its object to provide a machine of this character of a very simple and comparatively inexpensive construction which shall be strong and durable and by means of which the hair may be rapidly picked from the rope and finished in a sheet form and thus adapted for use in upholstering. Supported in the frame and designed to carry the hair from the rollers 3 and 4 to the rollers 35 and 36 is a bed plate 52 which is curved downward between its ends, the object of which is to give a sufficient slack to the sheet of hair as it extends between the two pairs of rollers to prevent its being torn or broken as it is fed between the rollers 35 and 36, which as before stated, have an increased speed of rotation relatively to the feed rollers 3 and 4.",GB189901122A,1899,1
+The object of this invention is to obtain a perfectly watertight or steamtight joint without requiring the employment of skilled labour to fit said pipes.,GB189420027A,1894,1
+"My invention is intentionally and especially adapted for driving sewing machines, and others of a similar nature, by which great saving of time and labor is effected. My Invention has for its object the construction of a mechanical motive power in such a manner as to obtain direct equalised action from the main driving shaft, the equalising motion being conveyed by means of a novel apparatus in conjunction therewith, acting upon a rotary wheel or disc and in connection with the shaft before stated. Thereby superseding indirect and complicated methods such as those with drum, chain and spiral, which are costly and liable to get out of order, and become useless through breaking of the chain. And my Invention has for its object the simplification and arrangement of the mechanism so as to considerably lessen the cost of manufacturing the same.",GB188511192A,1885,1
+"The objects of this invention are
+1. To provide targets or objects of aim more nearly resembling the objects a
+soldier would see in actual warfare surrounded by apparently the ordinary landscape-
+and more particularly adapted to miniature or indoor ranges.
+2. To provide by what may be called the mantlet and butt portion of the apparatus
+for the perfect protection of the marker.
+3. To provide by the rovolving target record a complete check marker.
+My invention has for its object to provide for rifle practice intended more particu-
+larly for short or miniature ranges an improved target and apparatus_connected
+therewith whereby objects closely resembling those aimed at in actual war are
+provided and a record of the accuracy of the firing is obtained.",GB188920632A,1889,0
+"My improvements in the treatment of paraffin, scale and other crude paraffins, or mixture of paraffins of different melting points, consist in the treatment of the same by a process of partial distillation for the separation of the oil and the softer material from the paraffins of higher melting point. It is more direct, and requires less labour than any of the processes in ordinary use.",GB189218904A,1892,1
+"""This Invention has for its object improvements in swings, swing chairs, beds, cots, and other similar articles for nursery, house, or other use, and for recreation and other purposes, whereby the same are rendered self-acting or capable of maintaining the motion imparted to them for a considerable time without domestic or other superintendence.""",GB186203057A,1862,1
+"""This invention has for its object to provide a dust pan which will collect the dust swept into it more effectively than those at present in use, inasmuch as it will not allow the dust to penetrate beneath it, between the edge thereof and the floor.""
+
+""My invention is in the nature of an improvement on my United States Patent, No. 389,921, dated September 25, 1888, and has for its object to produce a dust-pan which shall be serviceable and durable, of simple and inexpensive construction, which will, when in operation, rest upon the floor without being held in place by the hand or foot of the operator, that can be handled and moved about from place to place without stooping, the same being constructed on an improved plan, securing great economy in material and labour, and having increased strength, rigidity, and other advantages not embodied in any former Patents.""",GB189008044A,1890,1
+"This invention relates to those classes of large ewers and water jugs made in porcelain, earthenware or other similar material which by reason of their bulk and weight have hitherto been awkward and inconvenient to lift or handle and consists in constructing the same with two distinct and separate handles one placed below the other in order that the article may be manipulated by both hands of the user. In performing my invention I arrange that one handle shall be as near as possible to the centre of gravity and be for the use of the right hand and the other to serve as a guiding handle for the left hand. In this manner I construct a ewer or water jug capable of being lifted and operated with greater ease and comfort than heretofore.",GB188807738A,1888,0
+"""The object of this invention is to improve the ornamentation of pottery ware as it is being turned in a lathe after being dried and before firing.""",GB189302252A,1893,0
+"""My Invention relates more particularly to Steam pumping Engines and their
+Valves and Condensers and feed water heaters used in connection therewith but is 1
+in part also capable of use with other Engines and apparatus to which it is or may
+be applicable and has for its main object generally to increase the efficiency and
+reduce the cost of production of pumping or other Engines and Valves for these and
+for other purposes.""
+
+""This part of the improvements has for its object to actuate the said valves by steam
+instead of by mechanical means as described in the said Specification.""
+
+""and my present improvements in this particular, which improvements have for their
+principal object to render the valve box more compact cheaper and more efficient.""",GB188202848A,1882,1
+"The object of my invention is to produce a musical instrument occupying small floor space with greatly augmented tone of purer musical quality and greater durability. Also to provide a cast string plate or frame of such a construction and arrangement, that artificial strain of shrinkage in casting shall be relieved and thus avoid or overcome that tendency of the plate or frame to break during cooling and before or after the tension of the strings is added. In this connection it is my object to so construct and arrange the parts as that the vibrations of the strings and those of the sounding board are projected forwardly in the direction in which the sound should travel to the listeners.",GB189700326A,1897,0
+"My invention relates to improvements in and relating to material designed to be used in the treatment and purification of sewage and other impure waters, and has for its object the preparation of a compound or admixture of certain substances suitable for the treatinent of sewage and other impure waters, in order to effect the separation by precipitation of the impurities therein, and to effect the purification thereof. My invention relates to improvements in and relating to material for use in the treatment and purification of sewage and other impure waters, and has for its object the preparation of material for use in the treatment and purification of sewage and other impure waters.",GB189629288A,1896,0
+"The object of my Invention of improvements to a mangle is to combine in it the following properties and qualities; that is to say, excellence in its action and effects on goods, facility and dispatch. in its practical application, strength, simplicity, durability, and economy in its construction, elegance in its appearance, fitness or capability for several useful purposes besides that of mangling, and, lastly, portability, so far as it is consistent with the aforesaid properties and qualities.",GB180703045A,1807,0
+"The purpose of these beating webs is to break and scutch the flax, hemp, &c., it being presented to the beaters at one end of the machine, and travels slowly to the other end of the same, having thus been submitted to a rapid corrugating and scutching action, by which the non-fibrous parts of the flax, hemp, &c. are removed from the fibre, and delivered by the lower web at the back of the machine over the roller a'.",GB185501049A,1855,1
+"""This Invention relates to the kind of apparatus for ruling paper and the like, in which automatic mechanism is used for separating the sheets from a pile and feeding them to the tapes which carry them through the machine, whilst electricity is employed for rendering the ruling pens alternatively operative and inoperative as required, the object of the Invention being to improve and render more certain and satisfactory the action of the parts.""
+""Our said Invention relates to the kind of apparatus for ruling paper and the like, in which automatic mechanism is used for separating the sheets from a pile, and feeding them to the tapes or other parts which carry them through the machine, whilst electricity is employed for rendering the ruling pens alternately operative and inoperative, as required, the object of our Invention being to improve and render more certain and satisfactory the action of the parts.""",GB187800015A,1878,1
+"My invention is designed for marking through the punctuations of a flexible stencil by a mechanical device on textile and other fabrics to be cut out and formed into garments, which has hitherto been performed by marking round the component parts of garments by means of paper patterns or by the use of a stencil. The stencil and fabric then pass under a stationary brush X, and over a grating K, next travelling beneath a second padded roller I, in the same line of route revolving in an opposite direction to that of roller C, and designed to wipe the stencil clean and fix the powder more firmly on the cloth.",GB188904270A,1889,1
+"The object of my Invention is the escaping and obviating the effect of the backwater by means of a peculiar constructed triangular wheel, with perpendicular paddles always remaining at right angles with the surface of the water, and forcing in a direct line with the course of the vessel.",GB185700671A,1857,0
+"This invention relates to that part of photographic apparatus of the hand camera
+order, in which the plates are held, and which is termed the magazine, the object of
+the invention being to so construct this magazine that the distance of the sensitive
+plate from the objective shall be constant, the sensitive plates, after the picture is
+taken, being returned to the magazine, instead of the plates being piled one on the
+top of the other.",GB189906705A,1899,0
+My invention relates to improvements in velocipedes and has for its object to dispense with the pedals whereby these machines were hitherto driven by the rider's feet and to substitute therefor clockwork as motive power.,GB189115033A,1891,1
+Now the object of the present invention is by a simple and inexpensive contrivance to render a glass stopper sufficiently strong to resist ordinary wear and tear in corking and uncorking and also the pressure of aerated waters when in the bottle.,GB189600338A,1896,0
+"My Invention consists in constructing in the manner herein-after described dies or moulds and apparatus used in the manufacture of roofing, flooring, and other tiles, paving bricks, and quarries, whereby great economy in the manufacture of the articles enumerated is effected. My said Invention consists in producing by the use of the same die or mould and apparatus connected with it two streams of clay, and at the same time removing the ragged or uneven edges of the said streams of clay, or producing a series of double streams of clay by means of a compound die or mould and apparatus, as herein-after more particularly explained.",GB187602655A,1876,1
+"""This Invention relates to an improved arrangement or combination of parts of condensers of the annular type used for obtaining fresh water from salt water by the condensation of steam obtained from salt water, and has for its object the obtaining of an increased cooling surface and a simple arrangement of parts that can be easily taken to pieces for cleaning.""",GB187802934A,1878,0
+"The object of this invention is to provide a cement or plastic material which will constitute an effective connecting or adherent medium between all kinds of smooth dense or porous bodies, and especially for use for covering walls of residences and buildings with glass.",GB189822997A,1898,0
+"To manufacture electro-deposited wire I cut or form a spiral or screw-like thread upon the surface of a mould or mandrel and deposit the metal thereon, or in the spiral or screw-like spaces thus formed my object being to simplify the process of manufacture by obtaining a long length of wire intact, by one deposition in place of augmenting it by subsequent depositions as hitherto generally practised.",GB189107960A,1891,1
+"This invention has for its object certain improvements in what is known as the stop cylinder printing machine, by a novel combination of parts so arranged that each sheet of paper, or the like, after passing through the machine, is delivered into or on a receptacle, afterwards called a delivery board, without the use of flyer or fan, and thus prevents the marking or smearing of sheets, which hitherto has been a defect, and at the same time lessens the cost of production. And also to arrange two or more brakes, (preferably two), to act on the brake wheel of the impression cylinder, and connect them together in such a manner, that when in operation, they will give equal pressure on the brake wheel of the impression cylinder, so as to prevent uneven wear of bearing, and to reduce the hitherto variable pressure of the brake caused by the raising or lowering of the cylinder, and reduce the extraordinary friction caused by using one brake alone. Our object is also attained by running the sheet to within a short distance f its destination, and the tapes or delivery mechanism retaining hold of the latter portion until the cylinder and delivery mechanism starts again, the motion used for reciprocating the bearing portion being disconnected and the said bearing portion being fixed in any desired position, according to the size of sheet being delivered.",GB189707364A,1897,1
+The object of the present invention is to produce the necessary adhesion without sensible reaction at the bearings. The object of the present invention is to produce the necessary adherence or frictional contact or connection between the pulleys or cylinders and to abolish all frictional resistance in the bearings. The central cylinder is fitted with a compressible covering pressed between two blocks 52 and 53 by means of a screw and nut 54. The object of the said covering is to force away the pulleys 50 and 51 from the centre of the system and to press the same against the interior wall of the cylinder 48.,GB189317431A,1893,0
+"This invention relates to improvements in machinery for smoothing, pressing, and giving a finish to woollen, cotton, linen, and other woven or felted fabrics, the object being to apply the pressure to such goods in a more efficient manner than heretofore.",GB188711187A,1887,0
+"The object of this Invention is automatically to receive and deliver in an efficient and safe manner mail bags and packages on railways into and from a carriage or carriages while in motion. To this end a scoop is arranged to swing on a vertical axis within or through an opening made in the side of the carriage, so that when set to a working position it stands obliquely to the side thereof and operates in connection with suitable devices for suspending the bags or packages to be received and delivered in such manner that the receiving of the one bag or package by the interior of the scoop catching and guiding it into the carriage is or may be made to effect the delivery of another bag or package from the carriage.",GB186803649A,1868,1
+My invention has for its object an improved machine for winding lace blocking ribbon and for other such like purposes by which I am enabled to wind lace upon the cards with rapidity and ease and by a slight alteration of the machine it is equally applicable for blocking ribbon and other purposes and thereby much time and labour is saved especially at such times as stock-taking when large quantities of lace ribbon and other materials have to be rewound after having been measured.,GB188716958A,1887,1
+"This invention relates to improvements in the art of tanning leather, and in the construction of tan yards for that purpose, by which much time and labour will be saved, and the article produced at a much cheaper rate than by any of the modes now in use. The present invention is directed mainly to overcoming these defects.",GB179001763A,1790,1
+"My invention relates to improvements in billiard cue tops, and has for its object to remove the inconvenience experienced by players when the top comes off suddenly whilst engaged in playing a game of billiards, which compels the said players to put away the cue with which they may probably have been accustomed to play and the loss of which may in some cases cause them to loose the game. According to my invention no chalk or other similar substances is required to smear to cue tops in order to prevent them from slipping off the ball and to cause them on the contrary to act upon and hence push the saine.",GB188912821A,1889,0
+"""And our improved process has for its object the dispensing with the necessity for the repreparation by the filling or other preparing machine of the fibres separated from the ""tufts"" by the cards first operating thereon, so as to prevent the loss and waste above referred to and secure longer and more even drafts of fibre with a smaller per centage of noil; and we accomplish this object by dispensing with cylinders covered and entirely. with card teeth, and substituting cylinders with rows of comb or card teeth in sheets of suitable fineness placed parallel to the axis of the cylinders, and with spaces between cach row or sheet of teeth left entirely blank or free from pins or teeth, so that the fibres removed from the tufts by such cylinders can be detached from them and placed directly into the ""books"" to be further operated upon.""",GB187400821A,1874,1
+My invention consists in the construction and means of fixing hat and other pegs for the purpose of increasing the strength and durability while being simple in fixing and unfixing the same and is carried out in the manner hereinafter described reference being bad to the accompanying drawings in all the Figures of which the same part is indicated by like letters of reference.,GB188910426A,1889,0
+"The objects of this improvement are, firstly, to get a more certain foundation where piles are used for that purpose; secondly, a great saving of time, labour, and power in driving.",GB186701460A,1867,1
+"This Invention has reference to and comprises Improvements in the construction, or the arrangement and combination of the parts of apparatus for the generation and storage of Acetylene Gas, by which these operations are carried on with regularity and case and the generation automatically stopped when consumption ceases.",GB189621351A,1896,0
+"My improved safety valve, has for its object, the assisting of an ordinary safety valve, or a compound safety valve, so as to cause them to be quicker in their action.",GB189322373A,1893,0
+"This Invention has for its object the carbonizing or destroying cotton and other vegetable fibre or material contained in mixed fabrics, and the separation and extraction of the wool therefrom more expeditiously than has hitherto been done by means of certain apparatus constructed as herein mentioned, and which apparatus is also applicable for drying rags, flocks, and other materials.",GB186702803A,1867,1
+"This invention relates to the use of chromium fluoride, chromiumoxifluoride, and the double salts of chromium fluoride hereinafter mentioned, in the place of the chromium preparations now used in the dyeing and printing of fabrics, that is to say, in the place of chromium chloride, chromium sulphate, chromium rhodanates, copper chromate, chromium chlorate, the alkali chromates and bichromates, but in particular they are intended to replace chromium acetate, and chromium nitrate in printing fabrics, and chrome-alum, potassium chromate, sodium chromate, potassium bichromate, and sodium bichromate, and chromic acid in wool dyeing.",GB188717586A,1887,0
+"The object of my invention is to cheapen the construction of dwarf window blinds or screens, and at the same time to produce such blinds or screens of an ornamental and substantial character.",GB188810359A,1888,0
+"The object of the ratchet and spring paul is to place the steam
+whistle under the controul of the driver, independently of the rest of the
+apparatus; it enables him to open or close the plug by pulling on-the. chain.",GB185601341A,1856,0
+the object of the different slots being to enable the clip to be fixed on different sized bars or tubes.,GB189612050A,1896,0
+"This Invention has for its object, firstly, economy of labour in sinking the die or mould from the solid block by avoiding to a great extent the initiatory process of rough cutting, and also the saving in wear of the finished dies in the following manner:-I heat the block in which the die or mould is to be sunk and then lay upon the die surface a blank or shape in metal of about the form which the die or mould is intended to produce, or a spoon, or fork, or other article the design of which it is desired to reproduce, and placing upon this blank if necessary a suitable top die. Secondly, my Invention refers to improvements in constructing dies or moulds so that varied ornamental devices, crests, monograms, or diversified designs may be introduced if desired into each separate stamping or casting; and to illustrate this I will take the case of a die for stamping spoons intended to be finished with a crest embossed or in relief upon the handle, to produce which by the ordinary mode would necessitate a fresh pair of dies for every new design or crest.",GB186602438A,1866,1
+"According to the present arrangement of Moser's machine the fabric to be raised issues from the machine at the same point where it enters the machine which in practice is found very objectionable, and the object of one part of our invention is to remedy that defect by a new arrangement of mechanism. To prevent such unnecessary labor is the object of our invention and this we accomplish by carrying the fabric from the roller G under additional guide rollers N and N¹ over drawing roller P, and under nipping roller R, at which point two or other number of ""whisks"" S are rotating on both sides of the fabric for the purpose of lifting and straightening the pile which was disturbed by the roller G.",GB188604173A,1886,1
+"This invention relates to implements for cultivating land, and essentially to an improved implement which is adapted for hoeing, grubbing or cultivating, ridging and seed covering and for other agricultural or horticultural purposes, and which is designed to be worked by animal power.",GB188811509A,1888,0
+"My invention relates to Carding-Engines, so called, and has for its object and purpose the equalization of the stock upon the cylinder of the carding engine in such a way, as to obviate the evil effects and disadvantages arising from uneven feeding.",GB188512145A,1885,0
+"My invention relates to a method of and appliances for dealing with the smoke generated in household or other grates or fire places, and for carrying away the vitiated air or other noxious gases, in a simple and efficient manner, and for bringing into the apartments or building if desired, warm or fresh air or any gas conducive to health.",GB188500609A,1885,0
+"This Invention has for its object the construction of a machine to draw out and straighten the fibres of silk, flax, hemp, jute, or other fibrous substances.
+
+This Invention has for its object the construction of a machine to draw out and straighten the fibres of silk, flax, hemp, jute, or other fibrous substances.",GB187202533A,1872,1
+"Another improvement consists of applying stops on the bolt, so as to prevent the punch or upper die or dies of such machines from descending below the point actually required for making the cut. The plate e' is raised by a spring connected with the screw with an eye, shewn at i. It will be seen that the end of the rod b is supported by a shelf j, and the back of the shelf forms the guage for the length to be cut off; this instrument is affixed to the moving cutter, and therefore goes with it, the object being to give support to the end of the rod, by which the cut will be made more true, and it is the thus supporting of the end of the rod and the support moving with the cutter which constitutes the novelty of this part of my Invention. Another improvement in buffers is shewn at No. VII. The object of this improvement is to prevent the sudden recoil of a buffer when it has been struck up with violence.",GB184812327A,1848,0
+"Now the object of my Invention is to manufacture such cloths in such a manner as to dispense with sewing along its length avoiding all clumsiness of seams, insuring increased and uniform strength, and reducing the cost.",GB188401318A,1884,1
+"Thus, as will be seen from the foregoing description, my improved envelope machine is designed to receive the blanks in one part and the tube for bands in another part thereof, and to manufacture and deliver, completed, the bunches of envelopes banded ready for packing in boxes for shipment. This result being accomplished automatically, relieves the operator of the greater part of the labor heretofore required in attending an envelope machine, thereby effecting an important economy in the envelope manufacture.",GB188605517A,1886,1
+This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of lace in twist lace machines.,GB187001911A,1870,0
+"My objects are (1) to reduce the consumption of energy usual in this class (2) to greatly reduce or altogether dispense with the large permanent torque or starting force hitherto found necessary (3) to render negligible the friction of the commutator at the same time increasing its reliability, (4) to reduce the wear on the pivots, or to allow of finer pivots being used, (5) where permanent magnets are used for the brake, to vary their force within the limits of their elasticity so as to correct slight errors of the meter at high loads, or to correct fluid friction error and so increase the range of the meter (6) to construct the armature in such a way that a large number of turns, say from ten to twenty thousand or more, may be wound upon it with little cost. My objects are (1) to reduce the consumption of energy usual in this class (2) to greatly reduce or altogether dispense with the large permanent torque or starting force hitherto found necessary (3) to render negligible the friction of the commutator, and at the same time increasing its reliability: (4) where permanent magnets are used for the brake, to vary their force within the limits of their magnetic elasticity, so as to correct slight errors of the meter at high loads, or to correct fluid friction error and so increase the range of the meter: (5) to construct the armature in such a way that a large number of turns, say from ten to twenty thousand or more, may be wound upon it with little cost.",GB189815972A,1898,1
+"The purpose for which this said hook, pin head, or point, is used, is to draw the cotton thro: the picotted loops (as shewn in Fig. 7) which are made in the process of tatting, and thereby preventing the necessity of putting the shuttle out of the operators hands, while the said operator picks up a pin, or crochet hook, for the purpose of drawing cotton thro picotted loops made.",GB189200884A,1892,1
+"Our Invention of ""Improvements in Couplings for Propelling Shafts of Ships or Vessels"" has for its object to construct and arrange couplings in such a manner that should the shafting from any cause get out of a straight line, there will not be any undue strain or wear and tear on the bearings.",GB186301556A,1863,0
+"The object of said invention is to provide mechanism which will act automatically to stop the loom when the filling-thread in any one of the multiple of shuttles breaks, or runs nearly out, or when one or more of the warp threads break. The present invention for overcoming this difficulty consists briefly, of a clutch operated by an electro-magnet to ship the driving belt and stop the loom when the filling-thread breaks or is nearly exhausted in any one of the shuttles, or when a warp thread breaks; the electrical circuit being completed through the shuttle in either case.",GB188808989A,1888,1
+"The object of my Invention is to avoid this labour and expense, which I effect by the following method of jointing such pieces:-",GB187301810A,1873,1
+"""The object of our Invention is to economize the expence of the steanı engine and men, and also to render the turning movement dependent only on those for whose recreation our machine is adapted."".""The object of our Invention is to economize the expence of the steam engine in one case, or the men in the others, by rendering the rotatory or turning movement dependent on those for whose recreation our Invention is adapted, and it will be evident that the machine, the subject of this Invention, will form a desirable means of recreation in places of public amusement, in schools, and even in private dwellings."".""Our roundabout, on the contrary, is not so worked or constructed, the object being to cant one part or end downwards towards the earth or floor, while the opposite end or corresponding part is proportionately elevated in the air, and we effect this in the manner herein-after described and shown.""",GB186503271A,1865,1
+"My invention relates more particularly to the fastenings or buckles for waist belts known as metal or rigid belts, and has for its object a secure fastening when in use, and an adjustable fixing when not in use.",GB189300219A,1893,0
+"My invention consists in the use of a special assemblage of parts constituting the whole apparatus or apparatuses by which I succeed in preventing the action of oxidation of animal and vegetable substances and thus preserve their freshness, and also prevent the contact of the atmosphere with alcoholic and effervescent liquors.
+
+My invention consists in the use of a special assemblage of parts constituting the whole apparatus or apparatuses by which I succeed in neutralising the action of oxidation by (the oxygen in) the air or entirely prevent the contact of the atmosphere with the animal or vegetable food substances or liquors.",GB188416565A,1884,0
+"Now the object of the present invention is to provide barrel root cutters with means for automatically lifting or stirring, at frequent intervals, the roots in the hopper, so that they will never become jammed, and no hand shifting by the attendant will be necessary to prevent choking,",GB189507868A,1895,1
+"To obviate this difficulty we carry one flexible cord A through the imitation candle B by means of an inner tube E in the centre to the lampholder D from which point we distribute the cord underneath the shades to the connections between the different lamps in series, these being made at the top of the candle instead of from below.",GB189907776A,1899,0
+The object of my Invention is to provide a machine for cutting rags ropes and other materials into pieces of any desired size in a rapid and efficient manner.,GB188613722A,1886,1
+"This invention relating to the coupling of railway and other waggons, carriages or the like, has for its object to provide apparatus by which the carriages (which term is hereinafter used in its widest capacity as including other suitable vehicles) may be automatically coupled upon coming together. The invention also provides for the uncoupling of the same from alongside the carriages thereby avoiding the necessity for a man to go between them or to carry any instrument to be used for either coupling or uncoupling purposes.
+This invention relating to the coupling of railway and other waggons, carriages or the like, has for its object to provide apparatus by which the waggons (which term is hereinafter used in its widest capacity as including other suitable vehicles) may be automatically coupled upon coming together. The invention also provides for the uncoupling of the same from alongside the waggons thereby avoiding the necessity for a man to go between them or to carry any instrument to be used for either coupling or uncoupling purposes.",GB189603915A,1896,1
+The object of the puzzle or game is to so arrange the discs or counters that each diagonal line in each cross may count the same total.,GB189814155A,1898,0
+"The object of the present Specification is to describe with the aid of the annexed Drawings and to claim certain improvements on the system of shaping, dressing, and finishing hats described in a previous Patent, dated 3rd April 1878, No. 1312. It is required, as before mentioned, to dispense with the greater part of the fatigue caused by the strong elastic pressure which should be produced by the hand of the workman.",GB188001670A,1880,1
+The object aimed at is to break or cut the emery or other material into fine pieces without pulverizing it or reducing it to dust.,GB185801038A,1858,0
+"To prevent the possibility of air bubbles arising from either cause above mentioned I apply a means of compensation whereby the pressure within the bowl is equalized, and which I apply thereto either internally or externally of the compass bowl or chamber containing the fluid.",GB186601627A,1866,0