Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology Intrauterine devices and extrauterine pregnancy. A literature review
Intrauterine devices and extrauterine pregnancy. A literature review
C. Iavazzo1, *( ), N. Salakos2, 3, N. Vitoratos3, K. Bakalianou2, 3, E. Deligeoroglou3, H. Dalainas3, A. Kondi-Pafiti3, A. Malamitsi-Puchner3
1Department of Gynecology - METAXA Cancer Hospital, Piraeus
2Family Planning Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens
32nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens (Greece)
The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been high over the last decades. Many risk factors are potential causes, among them IUDs use which might have a significant role. According to the current thinking, the use of IUD does not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. However, IUDs are more effective in protecting from intrauterine rather than ectopic pregnancy. Our review focuses on current and past IUD use, duration of its use, type of IUD and the associated risk of ectopic pregnancy. Fertility after IUD removal regarding the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is also discussed. Conflicting results regarding the association of ectopic pregnancy risk with the use of intrauterine devices exist.
Key words: Intrauterine devices Ectopic pregnancy Fertility IUD removal Contraception
*Corresponding Author(s): C. IAVAZZO E-mail: christosiavazzo@hotmail.com
C. Iavazzo
N. Vitoratos
K. Bakalianou
E. Deligeoroglou
H. Dalainas
C. Iavazzo, N. Salakos, N. Vitoratos, K. Bakalianou, E. Deligeoroglou, H. Dalainas, A. Kondi-Pafiti, A. Malamitsi-Puchner. Intrauterine devices and extrauterine pregnancy. A literature review. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2008, 35(2): 103-106.	
[14] Elisa Zambrotta, Luisa Maria Di Gregorio, Federica Di Guardo, Roberta Agliozzo, Giuliana Chiara Maugeri, Ferdinando Antonio Gulino, Silvia Cutello, Maria Cecilia Cerana, Marco Palumbo. Congenital uterine anomalies and perinatal outcomes: a retrospective single-center cohort study[J]. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2021, 48(1): 160-163.