Published byMarlee Noyes Modified over 6 years ago
2 Introduction Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
Heating and air-conditioning equipment, and systems found in a building Also referred to as the mechanical system Regulates temperature International Residential Code (IRC) Requires a heating unit in any residence built in an area where winter design temperature is below 60°
3 Central Forced-Air Systems
4 Forced-Air Heating Plans
Complete forced-air heating plans show: Size, location, and number of British thermal units (Btu) dispersed from warm-air supplies Location and size of cold-air return Location, type, and output of furnace Providing duct space (i.e., chase) When ducted heating and cooling systems are used, duct location becomes important
6 Hot Water Systems Water is heated in an oil- or gas-fired boiler
Then circulated through pipes to radiators or convectors
7 Heat Pump Systems Forced-air central heating and cooling system
Compressor and circulating refrigerant system
8 Zone Control Systems One heater and one thermostat per room Types:
No duct work Only heaters in occupied rooms need to be turned on Types: Baseboard Fan heaters Split systems
9 Radiant Heat Radiant heating and cooling systems
Control surface temperatures Minimize excessive air motion Annual operating cost savings of 20% to 50% Lower thermostat settings Superior, cost-effective design
10 Thermostats Automatic mechanism for controlling heating or cooling by a central or zonal system Location is important
11 Heat Recovery and Ventilation
Uses a counter flow heat exchanger between inbound and outbound airflow Air pollutants Principle reason for installation Air-to-air heat exchangers Pulls polluted, stale, warm air from the space and transfers heat in that air to fresh, cold air being pulled into the space
13 Exhaust Systems: Code Requirements
Exhausts are part of the HVAC system Exhaust systems are required to remove odors, steam, moisture, and pollutants Refer to the text for basic general code requirements
14 Central Vacuum Systems
Advantages: Affordability and increased home resale value Removal of dirt too heavy for most units Exhaust of dirt and dust out of the space No motor unit or electric cords Less noise Savings in cleaning time Ability to vary vacuum pressure
15 HVAC Symbols More than a hundred HVAC symbols can be used in heating plans Only a few are typically used in residential HVAC Refer to Figure for common HVAC symbols
16 Universal HVAC Design Issues to consider in designing a building for people with disabilities Thermostats Placement Available in Braille, large print, or with clicks Heating systems Electric forced-air furnaces or heat pumps may be preferred Consider placement, allergies, filters, and timers
17 HVAC Code Requirements
National Energy Conservation Code regulates the design and construction of: Exterior envelope and selection of HVAC Service water heating Electrical distribution Illuminating systems and required equipment Refer to the text for general code requirements
18 Thermal Calculations for Heating/Cooling
Necessary to establish the correct: Furnace Ductwork Supply Return register specifications Historical primary use Calculate design heat load of houses to estimate gas and oil heating systems size
19 Thermal Calculations for Heating/Cooling (cont’d.)
HVAC terminology: Btu Compass point Duct loss Grains Heat transfer multiplier Indoor temperature Indoor wet bulb Infiltration Internal heat gain Latent load Mechanical ventilation
HVAC terminology (cont’d.): Outdoor temperature Outdoor wet bulb R-factor Sensible load calculations Temperature difference U-factor
21 Steps in Filling Out the Residential Heating Data Sheet
Completed residential heating data sheet Two-page data sheet Divided into several categories Calculations result in total heat loss Refer to the text for steps to complete the form Also refer to Figures and 21-15
22 Steps in Filling Out the Residential Cooling Data Sheet
Completed residential cooling data sheet Two-page data sheet Divided into several categories Calculations result in total sensible and latent heat gain Refer to the text for steps to complete the form Also refer to Figures and 21-16
23 HVAC Drawings Drawings for the HVAC system show:
Size and location of all equipment, ductwork, and components Use accurate symbols, specifications, notes, and schedules Form the basis of contract requirements for construction
25 HVAC Drawings (cont’d.)
Include: Single-and double-line HVAC plans Detail drawings Section drawings HVAC schedules HVAC pictorial drawings
26 HVAC Plan Drawing Checklist
Refer to the text for a HVAC drawing checklist Check off the items in the list as you work on the HVAC plan Ensures all the necessary items are included
Energy Efficient Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning.