The 2015 NPT Review Conference, which failed to approve a Final Document, has put into stark relief the key challenges facing the nuclear nonproliferation regime. These challenges fall under four main categories: ongoing difficulties with the implementation and universalization of the treaty, disturbance of strategic stability, increasingly ineffective mechanisms of multilateral diplomacy and the lack of progress towards establishing a WMD-free zone in the Middle East. PIR Center's recommendations are aimed at helping the international community to come up with effective responses to these challenges as part of the 2016-2020 NPT review cycle.