Menstuff® has information on Addiction.
When You Discover Teen or Young Adult Drug Use: Set Limits & Monitor
Teen or Young Adult Drug Use: Using Positive Reinforcement to Help Change Behavior
For substance-specific information for Alcohol, Marijuana, Adderall, Prescription stimulants, Ritalin, Prescription Pain Relievfers (Opioids),OxyContin, Morpine, Fentanyl & Other Synthetic Opioids, LSD, Heroin, E-Cigarettes/Vaping, Cocaine/Crack, Prescription Sedatives and Tranquilizers, Xanax, Ecstasy (MDMA), PCP, Mushrooms, Ketamine, K2/Spice (synthetic marijuana), Herbal Ecstasy, Hashish, Methamphetamine (Meth), Methamphetamine Pills, Kraton, Khat, Peyote/Mescaline, PMA, Propofol/Diprivan, Pseudoephedrine, Rohypnol, Salvia, Steroids, Tobacco/Nicotine, Anorectic Drugs, Bath Salts, Caffeine. DMT, DOM/DOB/MDA, DXM, Flakka (Alpha-PVP), GHB, Inhalants, 2C-B/2C-T-7, Methcathinone, Opium, Ambien.
However, most addictive behavior is not related to either physical tolerance or exposure to cues. People commonly use drugs, gamble, or shop compulsively in reaction to being stressed, whether or not they have a physical addiction. Since these psychologically based addictions are not based on drug or brain effects, they can account for why people frequently switch addictive actions from one drug to a completely different kind of drug, or even to a non-drug behavior. The focus of the addiction isn't what matters; it's the need to take action under certain kinds of stress. Treating this kind of addiction requires an understanding of how it works psychologically.
Source: www.psychologytoday.com/basics/addiction
Ninety percent of addictions begin during the teens years. Learn why, and learn how you can take a more active role in prevention.
Parts of the brain drive different behaviors.Brains develop back to front. So what? (Here's what.)And how do we know that? (Brain imaging technology.) Developing brains may be more prone to damage.
Source: drugfree.org/article/brain-development-teen-behavior/
Source: drugfree.org/article/risk-factors-why-teens-use/
Once you’ve familiarized yourself with common warning signs, a few simple guidelines can go a long way toward spotting issues with drug use earlier rather than later. It’s also a good idea to explore our Drug Guide for substance-specific information for Alcohol, Marijuana, Adderall, Prescription stimulants, Ritalin, Prescription Pain Relievfers (Opioids),OxyContin, Morpine, Fentanyl & Other Synthetic Opioids, LSD, Heroin, E-Cigarettes/Vaping, Cocaine/Crack, Prescription Sedatives and Tranquilizers, Xanax, Ecstasy (MDMA), PCP, Mushrooms, Ketamine, K2/Spice (synthetic marijuana), Herbal Ecstasy, Hashish, Methamphetamine (Meth), Methamphetamine Pills, Kraton, Khat, Peyote/Mescaline, PMA, Propofol/Diprivan, Pseudoephedrine, Rohypnol, Salvia, Steroids, Tobacco/Nicotine, Anorectic Drugs, Bath Salts, Caffeine. DMT, DOM/DOB/MDA, DXM, Flakka (Alpha-PVP), GHB, Inhalants, 2C-B/2C-T-7, Methcathinone, Opium, Ambien.
Even if you don’t find direct evidence, it’s important to always trust your gut — take action by talking with your child and seeking help if necessary.
Should You Search Their Room?
The limits you set with your child do not stop at their bedroom door. If you notice concerning changes in behavior, unusual odors wafting from their room (like marijuana or cigarette smoke), smells to mask other smells like incense or air fresheners, or other warning signs, it’s important to find out what’s going on behind that “KEEP OUT” sign.
One note of caution, however. Be prepared to explain your reasons for a search, whether or not you decide to tell them about it beforehand. You can let them know it’s out of concern for their health and safety. If you discover that your kid is not drinking or doing drugs, this could be a good time to find out if there’s something else that may need to addressed.
Source: drugfree.org/article/spotting-drug-use/
"The signs were vividly present yet camouflaged with aspects of what appeared to be just teenage behaviors. Looking back I realized, with great anguish, how my stepdaughter’s disease of addiction manifested right before our very eyes." - Linda Quirk, mother/stepmother of 3
You can never be too safe or speak up too soon.
Even if you think they’re just “experimenting.” Download our Intervention eBook (12 page PDF) and begin taking the first steps toward helping your child with his or her substance use.
Source: drugfree.org/article/look-for-warning-signs/
“What do I do if my kid is using drugs?” If you’ve just discovered or have reason to believe your child is using drugs, the first thing to do is sit down and take a deep breath. We know it’s a scary time, but you’re in the right place. Before you intervene, take time to prepare yourself for the important conversation ahead, and to lay the foundation for more positive outcomes.
Talk With Your Spouse or Partner
We’re all familiar with the trick of turning to one parent when the other says no. It’s best if you and your spouse come to a common stance on drug and alcohol use before raising the subject with your child.
Remind each other that nobody is to blame.
Come to an agreement on the position you’ll take.
Even if you disagree, commit to presenting a united front.
Pledge not to undermine or bad-talk each other.
Remind each other to come from a place of love when talking to your son or daughter.
Prepare to be Called a Hypocrite
You’re likely to be asked whether or not you’ve done drugs, and there are ways to answer honestly that keep the emphasis less on you, and more on what you want for your son or daughter. You could explain that you tried drugs in order to fit in, only to discover that’s never a good reason to do anything. Or you can focus on the fact that drugs affect everyone differently, and just because your life wasn’t harmed by drug use, you’ve seen it happen to too many others.
Don’t let your response become a justification for your child’s drug use. Focus on the issue at hand – that you don’t want your son or daughter drinking or using drugs.
Be honest – but be sure they know you don’t want them using.
If you use tobacco and your child calls you on this, mention that you are an adult, and yes, you can do this since it’s legal – but you understand that you shouldn’t and it’s not healthy. Underscore how hard it is to stop as an adult and that you want to help your child to avoid making the same mistakes.
If you’re in recovery, think of your past experiences as a gift you can use to impact your child. Tell your child, “I did these things but I made wrong choices, and I want you to learn the lessons from my mistakes.”
You can do this, and we can help. You may even be able to use past experience to your advantage.
DOWNLOAD THE QUICK GUIDE NOW
It’s understandable to have some reservations about snooping in your child’s room or through their belongings, but remember, your primary responsibility is to their well-being. As you gather evidence, try to anticipate different ways they might deny using, like the excuse “I’m holding it for someone else.” Even if you don’t have an airtight case, you’ll be better prepared for the important conversation to come.
Dresser drawers, beneath or between clothes
Between books on a bookshelf
In books with pages cut out
In fake soda bottles with false bottoms
Inside over–the–counter medicine containers (Tylenol, Advil, etc)
Expect anger, and resolve to remain calm
If you think the conversation will be uncomfortable for you, imagine how uncomfortable it will make your son or daughter. Be prepared for them to say things to shock you, deny even the most convincing evidence, accuse you of distrust, and worse. Think about how you’ll handle an angry or resentful reaction from your child.
Resolve to remain calm, no matter what your child says.
Try not to be baited into responding with anger of your own.
If the conversation gets heated, end it and bring it up later.
If you find the discussion is too emotional and not productive, figure out what you need to do to keep things calm before restarting the conversation. If you’re struggling, talk to a counselor to help you find de-escalation techniques that are effective and work naturally for you.
Don’t forget to tell your child that you love him or her, and this is why you’re concerned.
Things will go more smoothly if you have a desired outcome in mind. It’s OK – and probably for the best – to keep expectations low. It may be unrealistic to expect your child to admit to use and pledge to stop. A more reasonable objective, like simply expressing that you don’t want him or her to use, can be a win.
Try not to have unrealistic expectation, especially if this is your first conversation.
Keep in mind that your child will probably not admit to using drugs or alcohol right off the bat.
Set a small goal and move toward it, one step at a time.
Spell Out Rules and Consequences
Before the conversation starts, think through which rules you would like to put in place, and what the consequences of breaking them will be. This can help clarify the goal of your conversation, and help you set a clear next step. For more tips, see advice on setting limits.
Have an idea of the rules and consequences you’d like to set going in.
Listen to your teen’s feedback and let him help negotiate rules and consequences.
Be sure your spouse knows about and is prepared to enforce these rules.
Don’t set rules you will have no way of enforcing.
Recognize Any Addiction in the Family
Don’t deny addiction in your family. Use it as a way to talk to your child and regularly remind him or her of their elevated risk. Drug and alcohol dependence can happen to anyone. But if there is a history of addiction – cocaine, alcohol, nicotine, etc. – in your family, your child has a much greater risk of developing an addiction.
Explain that while they may be tempted to try drugs, the odds aren’t in their favor. Their genes make them more vulnerable to developing a dependence or addiction.
Download your free guide to speaking up
You can never be too safe or speak up too soon – even if you think they’re just “experimenting.” Download the Intervention eBook, our comprehensive guide to taking the first important steps to address your child’s drinking or drug use.
GET THE FREE EBOOK NOW - 12 page PDF
Source: drugfree.org/article/prepare-to-take-action/
Learn how to have a conversation instead of another confrontation.
How to Have a Conversation not a Confrontation
Focus on the behavior and why it worries you. Don’t make it sound like you think your child is a bad person because he has tried drugs or alcohol. If you’re child is preoccupied with framing the discussion around trust, keep emphasizing your concerns for her health and safety.
Get Expert Advice on Talking with Your Teen or Young Adult Child
Therapists and parenting experts share advice on preparing for and engaging in more productive conversations with your child.
Source: drugfree.org/article/start-talking/
Teens and young adults want freedom. You don’t want to be a nag. But when you’ve discovered drug or alcohol use, all bets are off.
Establish Rules & Consequences
Rules provide a concrete way to let your child understand what’s expected of him or her and to learn self-control. Don’t just assume they “know” you don’t want them to drink or do drugs. Teens and young adults don’t deal well with gray areas, so when they’re offered alcohol or drugs, you don’t want any confusion in their minds.
If you’re a parent who feels bad about setting limits, remember that deep down, your child actually wants them. Rules mean that you care about your child and his or her safety. And consequences actually help – not hurt them. A firm consequence, such as getting grounded or having to give up a fun privilege, will remind your child what not to do in the future.
When you lay out rules and consequences, make sure you’re clear – and that your child understands the limits you’ve set before there’s opportunity to do something wrong. One great way to do this is to actually write out the things you expect from one another (being home before curfew, getting a ride home from a party if things get out of hand), and jointly sign off on them, in effect, creating a contract.
Write a Contract with Your Child
Put it writing with a simple contract establishing clear rules and consequences. Use our template to get started.
Write a Contract with Your Kids
How will you know that your son or daughter is following the rules? By keeping a close eye on him or her and communicating regularly about their whereabouts, friends, activities, and more.
Ways to keep closer tabs on your child:
Finding subtle ways to “drop in” while his or her friends are at your house.
Ask questions before he or she leaves. Find out where they’re going, who will be there and what they’ll be doing.
Check in while they’re out. Call to say hello and include a reminder that you expect rules to be followed.
Ask questions when he or she gets home. Make eye contact, smell his or her hair and ask about the night to gauge sobriety and truthfulness.
Reach out to other parents in your community. This way you can all keep an eye on one another’s kids.
Keep Track & Take Notes
When drug use is suspected, and even once it’s confirmed, it’s useful to keep records of everything that concerns you over time – the date, time, where it occurred, what was found, and changes over time. Your child will likely work hard to convince you that things didn’t happen the way you remember, or that the things you found are not what you think they are. In addition, all of this information will be invaluable should it become necessary to seek outside help.
When did drug use start?
How did it start? / How did they get it?
Did it progress to other drugs?
Who are your child’s friends? And their parents?
Who is in your child’s online social networks?
Who is in their cell phone address book? If you cannot look on his or her phone, look at the monthly bill and note unfamiliar numbers.
Note occasions when they come home late and who they’re hanging out with.
Track the number of prescription pills in your home.
Anything suspicious found in their room or among their belongings?
Any drug–related terms or slang in text messages or other communications (ex: “Mary Jane” for marijuana, “Vitamin R” for Ritalin or “OCs” for OxyContin)?
Just because your child agrees to something during an initial intervention, it doesn’t mean their drug use or related behavior will actually stop. You need to set limits and firm consequences. No one wants to be a mean parent, but setting rules is ultimately about keeping kids safe.
You can never be too safe or speak up too soon. Download the Intervention eBook, our comprehensive guide to taking the first important steps to address your teen or young adult’s substance use.
Source: drugfree.org/article/set-limits-monitor/
For most people, “treatment” for substance use conjures images of detox or a residential rehab facility. In reality, detox (detoxification) is not treatment, and a residential program is just one of a variety of options.
Treatment for teens and young adults struggling with substance us or addiction can take place in different forms, settings and for different lengths of time — and the type you don’t know about could end up being the best one for your child. Before you make any decisions, take time to understand the options.
Approaches to treating addiction are generally similar regardless of substance. However, treatment is typically individualized to some degree based on the characteristics of the patient — treatment programs usually address an individual’s physical, psychological, emotional, and social issues in addition to his or her alcohol or other drug use — as well as the type of substance itself, as in the case of medication-assisted treatment for opioids. Review the overview of different types of programs below. And if you haven’t already done so, be sure to review our information on Navigating the Treatment System.
"I've heard from countless young people that the reason they got into recovery was because of a parent who fought for them when they couldn’t figure out how to help themselves." - Pat A.
Treatment Program Types
Clients attend 10-20 hours of treatment a week (slightly less for teens) at a specialty facility while continuing to live at home. Many programs make services available in the evenings and on weekends so individuals can continue to work or stay in school. A better option for individuals who need multiple services, have accompanying medical or psychological illnesses or have not been successful in outpatient treatment.
These programs provide treatment in a residential settings and can last from one month to a year. Typically, residents go through different phases as they progress through the program. During certain phases, contact with your child may be limited. Ask questions about the program’s policies and procedures, and any additional services like education or vocational training.
For individuals with a physical dependency on certain drugs, primarily heroin and other opioids, medication is provided in a specialized outpatient setting in combination with counseling and other treatment services.
Learn more about Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioids >>
Most treatment programs offer a combination of the services listed below. It’s important for individuals struggling with substance use to receive a comprehensive range of services. If a service is not offered at your child’s program, the staff there should be able to help your family find it elsewhere.
Substance use and mental health treatment services provided in-home. Examples include Adolescent Portable Therapy (APT) and Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT).
Grade-appropriate classes (or GED classes) for teens still in school, or those who may have dropped out, to help reduce disruptions to their schooling.
Services to help determine an individual’s vocational aptitudes and interests, along with job skills, resume development and other work readiness skills.
Learn more about Continuing Care >>
Recovery Supports and Services
Recovery from addiction or a substance use disorder is more than abstinence. Recovery is about improving one’s quality of life, being emotionally and physically healthy, succeeding in school or work, having healthy relationships, having a healthy social life and living drug-free. For most people, maintaining recovery requires supports and services after formal treatment is completed. Common recovery supports and services include the following;
These are transitional residences for adults 18 years and older in recovery. Homes usually have a small number residents, a small professional staff, clear and enforced rules about abstinence and a significant level of structure. Potential residents should be able to make a three- to six-month commitment to living in a group situation where a major focus is remaining sober.
For teens and young adults entering or already in college, you can ask the university if there are any dorms set aside for students in recovery from alcohol or other drug addiction. If not, you can ask about the procedure for establishing a sober dorm on campus; as requests increase, more universities are likely to create them for young people in recovery.
High schools that combine a state-approved curriculum (make sure the school meets requirements for granting diplomas) with recovery supports and services. For a list of recovery high schools as well as universities with sober dorms, visit www.recoveryschools.org.
12-Step groups of men and women that come together to share their experiences, provide support and stay sober. It’s important to find a group your child is comfortable with such as a meeting with other young people in recovery.
Source: drugfree.org/article/what-are-the-treatment-options/
For most people, “treatment” for substance use conjures images of detox or a residential rehab facility. In reality, detox (detoxification) is not treatment, and a residential program is just one of a variety of options. Treatment can take place in different forms, settings and for different lengths of time.
The approach to treating addiction is generally similar regardless of substance. However, treatment is typically individualized to some degree based on the characteristics of the patient — programs usually address an individual’s physical, psychological, emotional and social issues in addition to his or her alcohol or drug use — as well as the type of substance itself, as in the case of medication-assisted treatment for opioids.
Unfortunately, when it comes to addiction and substance use disorders, just as with other health conditions, there are no guarantees for the perfect treatment, and it can be difficult to access quality care. Addiction is a manageable but chronic disease, just like diabetes or asthma. Because it is a chronic, relapsing disease, treatment should not be approached as a way to “cure” your loved one. It is a first step in helping your child learn how to manage his or her addiction.
Getting the right treatment for your child is a process, and navigating the current systems in place requires due diligence and perseverance. There are services that may offer to find a treatment program for you at no charge; be careful as there are unscrupulous people out there who will pretend to have your best interests at heart, but are more interested in their own financial benefit (see our note on referral services). We are a nonprofit, and our parent services are made available for the sole purpose of helping you find the best solutions for your child and your family.
One of the most important things you can do to help your child is to educate yourself about substance use disorders, what quality treatment consists of, and the types of programs available. Using the various resources offered here on this site is a great start.
GET A SCREENING ASSESSMENT
In order to determine the severity of the issue and an appropriate level of care, you may wish to have a substance use counselor take an assessment. It should include a thorough look at the extent of your child’s drug and alcohol use, your child’s mental and physical health as well as personal, medical and family history.
Talk to the people around you. You may feel like keeping your child’s drug or alcohol problem a secret, but you shouldn’t. Addiction is a chronic disease, not a moral failing on your part or your child’s part. The people you’re hiding from may be the same people who could connect you to needed help, offer support or a shoulder to cry on.
There are many types of treatment services available, in a variety of settings, including outpatient, inpatient, and residential. And none of it is one-size-fits-all. Before you make any decisions, know the options.
Family involvement is a critical element of adolescent and young adult treatment, making location an important factor. If you live in an area that doesn’t have the level of care your child needs, and you choose remote care, discuss with the program how your family will be involved (e.g. phone or video calls, emails, family visits, etc.).
MAKE CALLS, ASK QUESTIONS
You can’t be sure if a program is the best fit for your child unless you get to talk to the people there and ask the right questions. It will be time-consuming — but worth it.
Health Insurance and Paying for Treatment
Unfortunately, the current reality is that treatment programs can be shockingly expensive. But there are options available that can help your family handle the financial burden of paying for needed treatment.
We know it is not easy, but the more information you have the better able you will be to make good decisions for your child and family.
There are several options when it comes to paying for substance abuse treatment for your child. One of the most common is through private health insurance, but additional options to explore include Medicaid, Veterans Administration benefits (if you’re a military family), Employee Assistance Programs (EAP), student health services, clinical trials, financial aid, payment plans and a sliding fee scale.
Under the Affordable Care Act, many health insurance plans are required to include mental health and substance use disorder coverage; however coverage varies state by state and plan by plan. Earlier legislation also requires that those plans that include mental health coverage provide the same level of coverage as they do for other physical illnesses.
It’s important to understand what your insurance will cover. For example, your plan may say that it covers 30 days of residential treatment, but they may decline allowing you to use this benefit if they believe an outpatient program is sufficient. In such instances you can ask for an emergency appeal, which in most cases is done within 24 hours. It may also help to investigate whether they will cover an outpatient program with a boarding component. In the treatment world, this is often referred to as the “Florida Model.” These are facilities that will provide treatment five days a week with activities scheduled for the weekend, coupled with boarding.
And of course there’s the issue of how your coverage may be structured. Do you have a deductible (an amount you have to pay before insurance kicks in)? What is your co-pay (usually expressed as a percentage of covered costs)? Is coverage in-network only? You don’t want to be blindsided by hidden or unexpected costs.
Understandably, you may have concerns about actually getting your child to begin treatment. Many good treatment programs know how to engage teens and young adults in treatment and to help them recognize the importance of it. You can always seek help from the program you have selected. This is a good opportunity to talk to your child about your concerns for his or her life, health, and safety, and about how entering treatment may be a little scary but it’s a step toward a healthier life.
Depending on the state you live in, your child may have to agree to treatment. Some programs won’t accept children if they don’t agree to attend, even if they are under 18. You may have legal options available to you but it depends on the specific laws in your state.
Although the registration process can vary from program to program, the following are few things to look out and be prepared for:
MOST PROGRAMS REQUIRE A PRE-SCREENING.
You or your child may be interviewed over the phone, but that doesn’t mean your child will (or should) end up in that program. If it isn’t a good fit, the provider should refer you to another program that can better meet your child’s needs.
You may feel overwhelmed by it, but it is important that you read the paperwork carefully and not just sign at the dotted line. Be sure to ask your son or daughter to sign a release allowing you to speak with personnel at the treatment facility. Absent such consent, the facility becomes bound by HIPPA protocol, and they’ll be unable to share information with you.
THERE WILL BE A FULL INTAKE PROCESS.
This should include questions about your child’s drug use, your family, your child’s medical history, educational history and mental health.
YOUR CHILD AND HIS OR HER BELONGINGS MAY BE SEARCHED.
It is not uncommon for patients to try to sneak drugs or alcohol into a residential treatment center. So be aware that they may take your son or daughter into a private room and search clothes and belongings. For some this can feel like an invasion of privacy, but it is necessary and important to ensure a substance-free environment.
AFTERCARE SHOULD BE A PART OF THE TREATMENT PLAN.
Treatment is not over after discharge; rather that is when much of the hard work is really just beginning. Families need a successful discharge plan that can be realistically implemented. Explore the topic of Continuing Care to learn more.
WAITLISTS EXIST.
In some areas there are extensive waitlists for treatment services. We understand the frustration and added challenges this creates. If you find yourself in this situation, consider calling your state’s Department of Human Services and your state’s Department of Mental Health & Addiction Services (or equivalent agencies) to see if they can direct you to available treatment programs. Recovery centers, Angel Programs connected to law enforcement and word-of-mouth at 12-step and support group meetings are also great resources for learning where or how to get treatment more quickly. In some cases, simply being persistent and calling a facility on a daily basis can help your loved one move up on the list.
Although you are probably not thinking about yourself right now, one of the smartest things you can do for your child in trouble and your family is to take care of yourself so that you remain strong, healthy, and sane. Many parents with a sick child forget about their own emotional and physical health. But remember, just as your child needs to get healthy and learn life without drugs and alcohol, you and your family also need to get healthy and stay healthy.
Seeking professional counseling for yourself is just as important as getting help for your addicted child. While your child is battling an alcohol or other drug problem, you’re also likely struggling with some overwhelming feelings of fear, anger, resentment, guilt or shame, among others. Physical symptoms like migraine headaches, insomnia and upset stomach or indigestion are not uncommon.
Embracing the notion of self-care at a time when it feels like your world is crumbling will be more of challenge for some than for others. But the need for self-care, and its benefits to not just yourself, but your entire family, can’t be overlooked or overstated. Learn more about taking care of your own needs and why self-care isn’t just for yourself.
A NOTE ON REFERRAL SERVICES:
If you’ve searched online for help or treatment for your loved one, you’ve likely encountered what are advertised as free treatment referral services. These services are frequently affiliated with private, for-profit treatment providers. Those providers may indeed offer reputable treatment, but it’s important to be well informed before engaging with a service that could be putting someone else’s bottom line above the best interests of your family
Source: drugfree.org/article/navigating-the-treatment-system/
How to Find an Addiction Treatment Provider
Finding a treatment provider for your teen or young adult struggling with substance use can be overwhelming. We’re here to help.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) maintains and manages the most comprehensive searchable database of treatment providers across the country. Before using this tool it’s helpful to have already done your homework on the types of treatment available — like intensive outpatient or residential care — so that you can target your search most effectively.
The SAMHSA treatment locator is a robust tool with a variety of filtering options such as type of care provided, treatment setting, payment types accepted, languages spoken, etc. in order to focus in on your family’s specific needs. It can be overwhelming, however. There is a great video tutorial available to help walk you through it.
Once you have a list of potential treatment or rehab providers, it’s important to call and ask the right questions to determine who can best meet your family’s needs. For example, you may need a rehabilitation program that in addition to substance use also addresses trauma, self-harm behaviors or other mental health needs.
There are lots of important questions to ask with regard to insurance and payment options as well. A treatment or rehab facility may state that they take private insurance, but you’ll need to verify that your insurance company will authorize use of your benefits for the type of services selected.
You may also find working with a certified addictions professional helpful to sorting through the available treatment options and determining the best rehab programs to consider in light of your child’s needs and other important factors like location and financial accessibility.
Source: drugfree.org/article/finding-a-treatment-provider/
Lecturing often falls on deaf ears. Trying to yell and punish your child may work in the short term but likely won’t have a lasting impact. Others will advise you to use “tough love” or to detach completely and let consequences pile up so that your child will hit “rock bottom.”
What is CRAFT? 3:47
If your teen or young adult child is experimenting with alcohol and drugs or has a full-blown substance use disorder, you likely feel frustrated, overwhelmed and helpless. Community Reinforcement and Family Training, or CRAFT, is a scientifically proven approach to help parents change their child’s substance use by staying involved in a positive, ongoing way.
CRAFT, created by Dr. Robert Meyers and expanded upon by the psychologists at the Center for Motivation & Change, is an approach to help family members change the way they have been interacting with their child to influence choices around substance use.
CRAFT provides families like yours with tools to better understand your child’s reasons for substance use, ways to improve communication and to reward non-using behaviors while discouraging substance use. Equally important are the tools around self-care to handle negative emotions like anger, guilt and depression, and to address feelings of isolation.
Our CRAFT video series helps bring these principles to life via real families that have been there just like yours, and for whom the skills and practices of CRAFT were a game changer.
Learn Skills to Help Your Family Heal
How to help your child struggling with substance abuse? Positive Reinforcement Natural Consequences Listening Behavisors make sense
It’s helpful for family members to ask themselves what is driving their loved one’s behaviors around substance use. It could be anything from boredom and a lack of purpose, to feeling left out and insecure, to curiosity and thrill seeking. Understanding the “why” behind your child’s drug and alcohol use can foster empathy for your child and also help you think about ways to encourage healthier behaviors that compete with his or her substance use.
When a child is using substances, lecturing, blaming, criticizing, yelling and the silent treatment are common. The response on the child’s part is to get defensive or to deny that there is any problem, as trust within the family evaporates. CRAFT offers numerous communication tools to improve the way families interact and to create opportunities for a more open dialogue. Active listening can help you better understand what your child is experiencing, so that you can respond in a way that will encourage change for the better.
Learn how to have a conversation instead of another confrontation > >
It’s easy to focus on everything your child is doing wrong when substance use is in the picture, but to motivate behavior change, it’s helpful to look for and reward what a child is doing that is healthy and productive. Helping a sibling, finding work, getting chores done, coming home on time, attending a family function sober and going to the gym are examples of behaviors families typically want to see more of, and positive reinforcement is the key to making that happen. Reinforcers can be as simple as a hug, a compliment, or a loving text message. Or they can be more substantial like a restaurant gift card, a round of miniature golf, a pedicure, a favorite meal or a full tank of gas. The important thing to keep in mind is to link the non-using behavior to the reward and choose rewards that the child likes.
Learn more about Positive Reinforcement > >
It’s natural to want to protect your child from the consequences of their behaviors or diminish the impact, but life can be a great teacher if you let your child learn directly from their experiences. For example, a child might be hungover and ask a parent to call in sick at work for them. If the parent does this, the child may be able to keep the job, but it reinforces their drug use. It would be better if the child had to face the consequences of explaining the absence directly to the employer. CRAFT helps parents step back and allow others, like teachers, employers, law enforcement, non-using friends and romantic interests, to provide boundaries around substance use.
It’s likely that your child’s substance use has taken its toll on you, whether in the form of excessive worry, or not attending to your own needs to be healthy and happy. CRAFT offers the opportunity to examine your own emotional triggers to develop a more effective response. Taking time to nurture and renew yourself, and remembering that your worry for your child is not a proxy for your love, are at the heart of self-care. It’s also a way to model behaviors for your child so that they see how a healthy adult manages life’s ups and downs.
Learn more about Self-Care > >
Research studies show that CRAFT has helped two-thirds of people with a substance use problem elect to engage in formal treatment. 1 The studies also show an improvement in the caregivers’ well-being, feeling less depressed and anxious. It takes time and practice, but relationships can get better and loved ones can get healthy.
For more information on CRAFT, please call our free Parent Helpline at 1-855-DRUGFREE to speak to a trained and caring parent specialist.
Learn More About Using CRAFT to Stay Involved in Positive, Loving Ways
CRAFT principles come to life in this short series of videos focused on positive reinforcement, natural consequences, active listening and behaviors making sense.
Source: drugfree.org/article/skills-to-help-your-child-and-family-heal/
Positive reinforcement is a motivating factor in all our lives, from a toddler who feels encouraged by her parents’ cheering to take her first steps, to an adult who collects a bonus or a tip for a job well done. We are more likely to repeat a behavior when it makes us feel good.
As a parent or caregiver, you can use the same strategy to reinforce healthy, pro-social behaviors you want to see more of in your child. The following are some examples of positive behaviors you can reinforce or praise in your child.
being home on time
speaking in a respectful way
going to therapy appointments
attending a support group meeting
assisting another family member or friend with a problem
returning phone calls/text messages promptly
a thoughtful text message
a kind word/compliment or praise.
time spent together in a favorite activity like watching a movie, going fishing or playing chess.
assisting with your child’s laundry or another chore
teaching a skill like how to drive
making a favorite breakfast, snack, dinner or dessert
gift cards for a coffee shop, clothing store or restaurant
small items like nail polish, makeup, hair product, socks or protein bars
helping with healthcare costs (like the dentist and vision care/glasses), paying for a college class or
textbooks or helping with credit standing
Watch our skills video on Positive Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement is wonderful skill to use to help your family heal. Click the button below to watch a video about it, created for our CRAFT skill video series.
WATCH NOW - 0:49
Four tips for using positive reinforcement:
1. Think about your child and what motivates him or her.
Often parents will come up with a reward that they personally find reinforcing, but their child could care less. It helps to take the time to develop a list of reinforcers that you think would be appealing, and if you are unsure, ask your child.
2. Consider what a replacement behavior might be.
For example, you may want your child to complete homework or look for a job instead of playing video games and getting high. What would be an incentive for them to do so, even if it was just for one day? Alternatively, you may tell your child that if he completes a certain number of assignments or applies for X number of jobs, he or she will get a tangible reward (e.g. a giftcard to Starbucks, two movie tickets, a small clothing item, etc.).
3. Reward the small steps along the way.
Eventually they will add up to positive behavior change. So, if your child hasn’t done homework for weeks, but completes one assignment, reinforce it with a tangible reward or a kind comment. If your child hasn’t looked for a job in the past month, but looks on Craigslist and applies to two jobs, notice and praise the action.
4. Try a reinforcing a comment.
Instead of saying, “It’s about time!”, try saying: “I know how hard it’s been for you to complete your homework and it’s really great that you were able to complete the assignment.” or “I’m really glad to see that you applied for a job.”
Your child has probably heard a lot of complaints and negative feedback about his or her substance use. But the truth is, you don’t get someone to change by nagging. When people feel unacceptable as they are, they are often stuck and unable to change.
Think about your own self. You are probably more encouraged by praise, not criticism. Kind words, compassion and rewards can go a long way in inspiring your child to work toward healthy behaviors – and away from negative ones.
Give it a try – it may be a game changer for both of you.
Source: drugfree.org/article/reinforce-the-positive/
We have trained and caring master’s-level specialists ready to help any parent struggling with a child’s drug or alcohol use. They are here to listen, help you find answers and make an action plan. Call the Helpline, connect via live chat or email us to get help. All communications are free and confidential. Our services are made possible thanks to the generous support of donors.
Our specialists will listen to your story — the challenges, setbacks, obstacles and myriad emotions that often go along with a child’s substance use. Given that there is no one-size-fits-all approach and each family is unique, they’ll propose a personalized course of action, offering the best tools and resources to help you help your child, yourself and your family.
In case our specialists are busy helping another family, please use the email contact form below to describe your situation and schedule a call back.
Available Monday-Friday, 9am – 5pm ET
Learn more about what separates our services from others you may see advertised >>
Live chat with one of our specialists to receive the same help and support with an additional level of privacy for anyone uncomfortable or not able to speak on the phone.
In case our specialists are busy helping another family, you will be redirected to an email contact form which you can use to describe your situation and schedule a call back. Expect a response within 48 hours.
Available Monday-Friday, 5 pm – 10 pm ET and
Saturday & Sunday, 12 pm – 5 pm ET
In case you’re unable to call or chat at this time, or you simply prefer email, complete our contact form to receive a personal response from one of our specialists. If you’d like to schedule a call back, please include times during which you are available.
telephone-support helpline parent
"You were a safety net when I felt like I was drowning. You had resources to suggest and knew just what to say. Thank you for being there." - Helpline caller
Depending on individual circumstances, you may be referred to Parent Coaching during your call to our Helpline 855-378-4373. This program pairs those seeking additional guidance and support with a trained parent volunteer who has also traveled the path of dealing with a child’s substance use.
Coaching takes place on the phone – over the course of about five calls – during approximately a six-week period. Coaches are versed in the techniques of Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT), an evidence-based approach shown to set the stage for positive outcomes. Parent coaches are there to listen, offer ideas and reaffirm that you aren’t alone in this struggle.
Parent Coaching relies on volunteers who generously lend their time and emotional energy, so availability is limited. If you’re interested in receiving parent coaching, begin by calling our Helpline 855-378-4373.
You can also browse questions most frequently encountered by parents like you, and read what our Parent Coaches have advised, or submit your own question to be answered. Get started under Ask a Parent Who’s Been There.
"The experience was so great. I don't know if I could have made it without my parent coach. It's so different to hear from someone who's gone through it. Just an amazing relationship and an incredible experience." - Parent Coaching Participant
A NOTE ON HELPLINES:
If you’ve searched online for help or treatment for your loved one, you’ve likely encountered what are advertised as free treatment referral services. These services are frequently affiliated with private, for-profit treatment providers. Those providers may indeed offer reputable treatment, but it’s important to be well informed before engaging with a service that could be putting someone else’s bottom line above the best interests of your family. We are a nonprofit, and our services are made available for the sole purpose of helping you find the best solutions for your child and your family.
Our Helpline is not a crisis hotline. If you are in need of immediate or emergency services, please call 911 or a 24-hour crisis hotline such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or the National Domestic Violence hotline 1-800-799-SAFE (7233).
Source: drugfree.org/article/get-one-on-one-help/
You may have heard that your son or daughter needs to “hit bottom” or “has to want help,” in order to get better. And therefore any attempts to otherwise convince him or her to enter treatment is wasted breath. The fact of the matter is our loved ones are often interested in getting help — but we may not always know what to listen for.
Source: drugfree.org/article/suggesting-treatment/
Is your child addicted to opioids?
Opioids include prescription painkillers like OxyContin, Percocet and Vicodin as well as the illicit drug heroin and synthetics like Fentanyl, and are a group of drugs known for high risks of dependence and addiction.
Medication-assisted treatment is the use of anti-craving medicine such as naltrexone (Vivitrol), buprenorphine (Suboxone) or methadone — along with comprehensive therapy and support — to help address issues related to opioid dependence, including withdrawal, cravings and relapse prevention. Evidenced-based treatment approaches like this are often needed to successfully overcome addiction and maintain long-term recovery.
“With a strong motivated family, a treatment system that sees to medication and psychiatric care and social supports, there is tremendous hope — no child has to be lost.” - Dr. John Knight, Director of the Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research at Boston Children’s Hospital
Many teens and young adults first use opioids when they are prescribed them following an injury or routine procedure like the removal of wisdom teeth. Common prescription opioids include:
Codeine: An ingredient in some prescription cough syrups and pain relievers (i.e. Tylenol with Codeine)
Hydrocodone: Vicodin, Lortab or Lorcet
Morphine: MSContin, MSIR, Avinza or Kadian
Oxycodone: Percocet, OxyContin or Percodan
For a variety of reasons — to party and get high, or to cope with stress — some teens and young adults intentionally misuse opioids. The vast majority of those misusing prescription drugs are getting them from the medicine cabinets of friends, family and acquaintances. Some young people start misusing prescription opioids and then switch to heroin as it becomes cheaper or easier to acquire. Visit our interactive infographic to further explore the Rx to heroin journey.
Opioid use and misuse can create brain changes that lead to addiction. A person who is addicted develops an overpowering urge, or craving, for the drug. The person also experiences a loss of control, making it more difficult to refuse the drug, even when use becomes harmful. Most people who are addicted to opioids cannot taper off (use less of the drug over time) without help.
How Medication-Assisted Treatment Can Help Opioid Addiction
When people become dependent on opioids, they feel sick when there are no opioids in the body. This sickness is known as withdrawal. Along with intense cravings, withdrawal is a hallmark of opioid addiction, and the two combined can make recovery especially difficult.
By helping to reduce cravings and withdrawal, medication-assisted treatment can help a person stop thinking constantly about the problem drug. This allows the person to focus on returning to a healthy lifestyle.
In addition to tailoring medications to address cravings and withdrawal, a comprehensive treatment approach will also include therapy or counseling to address behavioral issues, support recovery and prevent relapse. Family therapy is especially effective for teens and young adults to address substance use along with other issues.
Some people in treatment programs for addiction, or who are seeking help through a 12-step program, may be told that medication-assisted treatment is simply substituting one addictive drug for another. This is not true.
Taking medication for opioid addiction is like taking medication for any other chronic disease, such as diabetes or asthma. When it is used according to the doctor’s instructions, the medication will not create a new addiction.
As a parent, you are responsible for helping your child be healthy and safe, no matter what others think or say. You are your child’s biggest advocate, so never let embarrassment stand in the way of getting your teen or young adult the help they need and deserve.
Listen to Physicians and Patients Discuss Treatment Options
We sat down with a variety of medical professionals and those in recovery to learn more about medication-assisted treatment options including naltrexone (Vivitrol), buprenorphine (Suboxone) and methadone.
Source: drugfree.org/article/medication-assisted-treatment/
Many parents expect their child to be “fixed” following treatment, but addiction and substance use disorders can be a lifelong, relapsing disease that requires ongoing management. The initial completion of treatment is just the beginning of what may be a longer road to recovery. Your child will need help to manage his or recovery over time.
"How many times have some of us tried to diet, exercise or quit smoking? It isn’t always one and done. Seldom is there one straight path out of the woods." - Paul Kusiak, parent
Please visit our complete site on Continuing Care to discover all the ways you can support and encourage your child’s recovery. Learn ways to reinforce a message of drug-free and healthy living, and discover how to monitor and support your child so he or she can continue to progress.
Substance use and addiction treatment isn’t over once your child is discharged from treatment; rather, that’s when much of the hard work is really just beginning. We’re here to guide you this portion of the journey, too.
Source: drugfree.org/article/after-drug-treatment/
It’s normal to feel consumed by your child’s substance-related problems. You may feel overwhelmed with fear, anger, resentment, shame and guilt. You may feel zapped of emotional and physical energy. And it’s not uncommon to develop physical symptoms like headaches, insomnia and stomach aches. You may feel helpless and hopeless. You may have stopped feeling happiness.
So what can you do? Remember to take care of yourself.
The idea of self-care may make you roll your eyes and ask, “You want me to do something enjoyable for myself when my world is crumbling around me?!?” Yes. And we aren’t the only ones.
According to Dr. Barbara Fredrickson, principal investigator of the Positive Emotions and Psychophysiology Laboratory at the University of North Carolina, self-care increases positive emotions like joy, gratitude, hope and serenity:
“When people increase their daily diets of positive emotions, they find more meaning and purpose in life. They also find that they receive more social support — or perhaps they just notice it more, because they’re more attuned to the give-and-take between people. They report fewer aches and pains, headaches, and other physical symptoms. They show mindful awareness of the present moment and increased positive relations with others. They feel more effective at what they do. They’re better able to savor the good things in life and can see more possible solutions to problems. And they sleep better.”
When you feel better and more optimistic, you’re better able to handle things. You can think, plan and act more effectively. You’re able to use your best judgment and problem solve better — which is so important, because when you feel depleted from your child’s struggle, it’s easy to react and make snap decisions instead of taking time to think things through.
In addition, self-care can make you more resilient, meaning you can adapt and roll with life’s ups and downs better, without falling into despair or getting angry when your child has a setback.
"You need to take care of yourself too because you’ve got to stay strong; you’ve got to be stronger than your kid through this. Because if you don’t, how are you going to help your child?” - Carol Allen, parent
Self-care allows you to model healthy behavior and coping skills for your son or daughter. For example, if you come home from work, tell your child that it was a really stressful day and then go for a walk or take a hot shower to relax, you are modeling a healthy way to deal with life’s challenges.
Give it a try. Take a break from worrying. Try infusing your life with something positive on a daily basis for the next week.
Treat yourself to a cup of coffee with a friend, buy some fresh flowers, light a candle, take a walk in nature, spend 10 minutes doing a puzzle, take a yoga class, listen to a podcast, get a haircut, read a book. Go for a run, cook your favorite meal, watch a funny movie or take a long, hot bath.
Self-care can look different to everyone. Seek out whatever it is that you enjoy doing that will fortify your mind, body and soul.
Living in panic mode isn’t healthy or helpful. You can’t afford not to take care of yourself.
Take some time to nourish yourself and see how you feel. It will be a gift not only to yourself, but also for your loved ones around you.
Source: drugfree.org/article/self-care-isnt-just-for-yourself/
The Treatment Research Institute launched the Support Group Project to make it easier to find available in-person or online support groups. Use their site to quickly search support groups in your community, or register an existing group to help others in their own search for support.
Source: drugfree.org/article/find-a-support-group/
Addiction is a complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence. People with addiction (severe substance use disorder) have an intense focus on using a certain substance(s), such as alcohol or drugs, to the point that it takes over their life. They keep using alcohol or a drug even when they know it will causes problems. Yet a number of effective treatments are available and people can recover from addiction and lead normal, productive lives.
Effective treatments for addiction are available.
The first step on the road to recovery is recognition of the problem. The recovery process can be hindered when a person denies having a problem and lacks understanding about substance misuse and addiction. The intervention of concerned friends and family often prompts treatment.
A health professional can conduct a formal assessment of symptoms to see if a substance use disorder exists. Even if the problem seems severe, most people with a substance use disorder can benefit from treatment. Unfortunately, many people who could benefit from treatment don’t receive help.
Because addiction affects many aspects of a person’s life, multiple types of treatment are often required. For most, a combination of medication and individual or group therapy is most effective. Treatment approaches that address an individual’s situation and any co-occurring medical, psychiatric and social problems can lead to sustained recovery.
Medications are used to control drug cravings and relieve severe symptoms of withdrawal. Therapy can help addicted individuals understand their behavior and motivations, develop higher self-esteem, cope with stress and address other mental health problems. Treatment may also include:
Many people find self-help groups for individuals (Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous) as well as their family members (Al-Anon or Nar-Anon Family Groups) useful.
Aggressive behavior in childhood/Good self-control
Lack of parental supervision/Parental monitoring and support
Poor social skills/Positive relationships
Drug experimentation/Academic competence
Availability of drugs at school/School anti-drug policies
Community poverty/Neighborhood pride
1. Addiction is a complex, but treatable, disease that affects brain function and behavior.
2. No single treatment is appropriate for everyone.
3. Treatment needs to be readily available.
4. Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual, not just his or her drug abuse.
5. Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is critical.
6. Counseling— individual and/or group —and other behavioral therapies are the most commonly used forms of drug abuse treatment.
7. Medications are an important element of treatment for many patients, especially when combined with counseling and other behavioral therapies.
8. An individual’s treatment and services plan must be assessed continually and modified as necessary to ensure it meets his or her changing needs.
9. Many drug-addicted individuals also have other mental disorders.
10. Medically assisted detoxification is only the first stage of addiction treatment and by itself does little to change long-term drug abuse.
11.Treatment does not need to be voluntary to be effective.
12. Drug use during treatment must be monitored continuously, as lapses during treatment do occur.
13. Treatment programs should assess patients for the presence of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, as well as provide targeted risk-reduction counseling to help patients modify or change behaviors that place them at risk of contracting or spreading infectious diseases.
Caffeine Use Disorder Caffeine intoxication and caffeine withdrawal are included in DSM-5. Caffeine use disorder, however, is in the section of DSM-5 for conditions requiring further research. While there is evidence to support this as a disorder, experts conclude it is not yet clear to what extent it is a clinically significant disorder.
There’s a lot that people get wrong about substance use disorders, treatment and recovery. Don’t let social judgment or misinformation stand in the way of getting your child the help he or she needs and deserves. We’ve put together 9 facts about addiction so you can be better prepared to help your child.
#1 Fact: Substance use changes the brain, which can make drug use compulsive
An adolescent may start out doing drugs occasionally or may be prescribed medicine by a doctor. Over time, continued use rewires the brain to compulsively seek substances, despite negative consequences. With opioids, a person may initially like the euphoria, but soon, the drug is needed just to feel normal and not get sick from withdrawal. LEARN MORE: Addiction is a chronic medical disease of the brain.
#2 Fact: Expect your child to "just quit" cold turkey is unrealistic
Changing substance use behavior is a process. In the beginning your child may not think there is a problem. Next, she may realize it is a problem, but feel conflicted about addressing it. Then she needs to figure out how to deal with it and take steps in a healthier direction, including getting professional help, changing friends, learning drug refusal skills and more. LEARN MORE: Find out how you can best suggest treatment to your child.
#3 Fact: Intervening early is more effective than waiting for "rock bottom".
Because behavior change is a process, instead of letting your son or daughter hit their lowest point, it's important to help right away. And it is much easier to help when they are still engaged in school or work, have social supports and interested in sports or hobbies. In other words, they have structure, purpose and social connections—scaffolding needed for a good outcome. LEARN MORE: Get one-on-one help and support from our trained and caring master’s-level counselors.
#4 Fact: Your child can be ambivalent about treatment and it can still be effective.
While some welcome the opportunity for treatment, most will be conflicted about stopping their substance use. Studies show those who enter drug treatment programs as a result of loving pressure do comparatively better in treatment, regardless of the reason they sought treatment in the first place. LEARN MORE: Learn how you can address your child’s drug use.
Relapse doesn't mean that treatment hasn't worked. As with all chronic diseases, many people have one or more relapses before achieving long-lasting recovery. Relapses happen both when the person is doing well or when struggling, and can serve as a learning opportunity to identify what triggered the relapse -- and to find ways to address it for the future. LEARN MORE: Read 5 Things You Need to Know About Relapse.
Addiction is a brain disease and needs family support as with any other chronic illness. Shaming, detaching or punishing often backfires, with kids spiraling further into risky substance use or isolation. What does work is reinforcing positive behaviors, finding healthy activities that compete with your child's use and letting him or her experience natural consequences. Coupled with empathy and compassion, this approach (known as CRAFT) is a scientifically-proven way to help parents change their child's substance use. LEARN MORE: Use CRAFT skills to help your family heal.
#7 Fact: Finding an effective approach for treatment can mean investigating different doctors or programs before finding a good "match."
The best programs give a screening and in-depth assessment of your child by a qualified professional versed in addiction and mental health. They will develop an individual treatment plan and combine methods tailored to address your child's specific needs. But don't be discouraged if the first program you investigate is not a good fit -- keep exploring other options. LEARN MORE: Find out more in our Treatment eBook.
#8 Fact: Medication-assisted treatment, coupled with counseling, is the preferred treatment for heroin and other opioids
Taking medication for an opioid addiction is like taking medication for any other chronic disease, like diabetes or asthma. Numerous studies have shown that medications can reduce cravings, relapses and overdoses when taken as prescribed. LEARN MORE: Medication-Assisted Treatment can help aid recovery.
Because a drug problem can include relapses, going through treatment once may not be sufficient to keep your child drug free. Each treatment episode allows them to be abstinent for a period of time while learning new coping skills -- but it may take time. Know the treatment options available so that you can make the best choice for your child's path to recovery. LEARN MORE: Get help navigating the treatment system.
Source: drugfree.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/9-Facts-About-Addiction-People-Usually-Get-Wrong.pdf
Some doctors, like Thomas Hodgkin, are celebrated for identifying a disease; others, like Jonas Salk for defeating one. But Dr. Ivan K. Goldberg may be the first in his field to gain notoriety for naming a disease that he says doesn't exist.
Dr. Goldberg, a burly, bearded Upper East Side psychiatrist, allots two hours each day to browsing the bulletin boards of PsyCom.Net, a cyberclub for shrinks which he founded in 1986. Two years ago, he decided to play a little joke on the members by posting a parody of the Amerlcan Psychiatric Association's "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders."
To demonstrate thc handbook's complexity and rigidity, he conjured up something called "Internet addiction disorder" (I.A.D.), the symptoms of which included "important social or occupational activities that are given up or reduced because of Internet use," "fantasies or dreams about the Internet," and "voluntary or involuntary typing movements of the fingers."
The criteria for I.A.D. as given in the original posting
Much to Dr. Goldberg's surprise, several colleagues admitted to "netaholism" and E-mailed for help. Dr. Goldberg indulged his suffering peers, setting up the Internet Addiction Support Group on-line.
Word of the group spread faster than a computer virus. Hundreds of self-described addicts--some claiming to surf the Net twelve hours a day posted their pain. "I did have a RL (real life) prior to this "electronic talce-over," one user bemoaned." My computer's keyboard has worn off after less than a year." Another confessed, "I've been thinking of getting a second home phone installed in order to be able to talk to my family once in a while. I currently subscribe to eighty-nine newsgroups."
Concern about excessive Internet use began cropping up in other places.
The University of Maryland at College Park offered a counselling group, called Caught in the Net, for students.
McLean Hospital, the renowned mental-health facility in Belmont, Massachnsetts, established a new clinic for computer junkies.
Dr. Kimberly Young, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, announced the formation of a Center for On-Line Addiction to help corporations ferret out employees who point and click compulsively.
In a recent article in the Times, Dr. Young was quoted as calling for the American Psychiatric Association to give official recognition to the disorder--an action that would pave the way for insurance companies to reimburse addicts for therapy. ("Unlikely," commented Dr. Patricia Isbell Ordorica, chairwoman of the A.P.A.'s council on addiction psychiatry.) In the past year, at least two more Internet-addiction support groups have sprung up.
Meanwhile, the medical pioneer behind I.A.D. is alarmed by what he has, in part, wrought. Speaking the other day from a rocking chair in his Lexington Avenue office, where he specializes in the treatment of manic-depressives, Dr. Goldberg said that since last July he has redefined I.A.D. as "pathological Internet-use disorder." He explained, "I.A.D. is a very unfortunate term. It makes it sound as if one were dealing with heroin, a truly addicting substance that can alter almost eveny cell in the body. To medicalize every behavior by putting it into psychiatric nomenclature is ridiculous. If you expand the concept of addiction to include everything people can overdo, then you must talk about people being addicted to books, addicted to jogging, addicted to other people."
Although Dr. Goldberg said, with a chuckle, that having an I.A.D. support group "makes about as much sense as having a support group for coughers," he remains a contributor to the Internet addicts' forum. Unconcerned that he might be regarded as an "enabler," he posts a message to members every six months or so. "I try to remind people that they need to look at why they are on-line," he said. "People should get themselves into Psychotherapy and work out why they hide behind a keyboard. But most people just tell me to buzz off."
Source: www.psycom.net/iasg.html
Visit Depression Central
Recovery Local has developed this comprehensive periodic table of drugs to help raise awareness of the addiction epidemic. It’s an interactive and informative table of 55 different substances.
All information is taken directly from SAMHSA.gov , drugabuse.gov , and FDA.gov . We have organized drugs based on popularity, harm, and type.
Check it out, share it.
Source: www.detoxlocal.com/resources/periodic-table-drug-addiction/
Alcohol Abuse Amongst the Elderly: A Complete Guide (National Council for Aging Care)
Source: projectsemicolon.com/addiction-and-substance-use-disorders/