... can be injected into the natural gas pipeline network and/or underground gas storage reservoirs. enhanced recovery liquified natural gas liquefied natural gas cng gas monetization upstream oil &amp; gas midstream oil &amp; gas wind energy social responsibility sustainability renewable...
... lng liquified natural gas dnv gl © Copyright 2019, PSIG, Inc. This paper was prepared for presentation at the PSIG Annual Meeting held in London, England, 14 May 17 May 2019. This paper was selected for presentation by the PSIG Board of Directors following review of information contained...
... information heating value gas composition consumer accuracy midstream oil &amp; gas transmission system pipeline composition psig 1914 configuration liquified natural gas giannato psig 1914 simulation interest group allocation model gas monetization © Copyright 2019, PSIG, Inc. This paper...
... 48% of the national gas supply. compressor station pipeline system cesar naranjo gas monetization requirement infrastructure new infrastructure liquified natural gas transient analysis psig 1918 sng midstream oil &amp; gas cempoala compressor station paul dickerson psig 1918...
... terminal forecasting gas quality liquified natural gas quality parameter stanilaw brzeczkowski gas monetization midstream oil &amp; gas lng calorific value operator information calculation © Copyright 2017, PSIG, Inc. This paper was prepared for presentation at the PSIG Annual Meeting held...
... to be considered when deciding pipeline roughness for new pipeline design. psig 1713 butane dennis arensman psig 1713 friction factor equation upstream oil &amp; gas roughness steady state data pump station liquified natural gas pipeline gas monetization generic roughness pipeline roughness...
... locations and pressures for each tap off of the pipeline. Finally, during the outages, GSP provided real-time flow monitoring and operational support for field personnel. strategic planning and management heidi lydon psig 1719 liquified natural gas customer gas system dr station lng santa cruz...
... unit offtake liquified natural gas compressors engines and turbines transmission system university equation of state flow rate lng PSIG 1609 An integrated simulation tool for analyzing the Operation and Interdependency of Natural Gas and Electric Power Systems Kwabena Addo Pamboura Burcin...
... perusahaan gas negara transient analysis pipeline system graph single phase gas transmission modeling liquified natural gas calculation reservoir surveillance specification gas industry 2016. Pipeline Simulation Interest Group ...
... availability of natural gas sources. entry point lng engineering dickerson mujiyanto optimization midstream oil &amp; gas zulkarnaen pressure requirement konakom psig 1625 missuari peak demand distribution network pipeline scheduling flexibility simulation psig 1625 liquified natural...
... liquified natural gas chromatograph operator calculation modeling &amp; simulation gas monetization magdalena glebocka control unit stanislaw brzeczkowski university transmission system grid maciej szeniawski psig 1519 midstream oil &amp; gas balancing lng psig 1519 composition...
... storage facility operation transient optimization grtgaz artificial intelligence liquified natural gas 2014. Pipeline Simulation Interest Group ...
... system nitrogen upstream oil &amp; gas wobbe index combustion pipeline operator gas monetization liquified natural gas equivalent mixture quality index composition entry specification midstream oil &amp; gas psig 1308 lng dutton diagram incomplete combustion factor specification...
... optimization tool physical network jean-baptiste joliot liquified natural gas interconnection station interconnection point paragraph network capacity nga thanh Copyright 2013, Pipeline Simulation Interest Group This paper was prepared for presentation at the PSIG Annual Meeting held in Prague, Czech...
... that there is reasonable agreement between the observed and predicted decompression curves, and that the observed and predicted trends are consistent. decompression model decompression behaviour piping simulation upstream oil &amp; gas pipeline prediction gas monetization co 2 plateaux liquified natural...
... portfolios. The planning tool is able to optimize on various targets, such as cost. netherlands shipper variant transmission gas monetization liquified natural gas information exitpoint tso entry-and exitpoint midstream oil &amp; gas planning tool utilization scenario contract...
Lessons, Issues, And Perils Experienced During the Conceptual Design And Predictive Modeling of an Ethane Pipeline
Gregory Lind, Susie Bachman
... natural gas sample ethane gerg 2004 upstream oil &amp; gas sample propane coefficient equation heat capacity phase critical point Copyright 2012, Pipeline Simulation Interest Group This paper was prepared for presentation at the PSIG Annual Meeting held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, 15 May 18 May...
ABSTRACT: The authors will discuss the challenges involved in the design and predictive modeling of a proposed 1,200 mile (1,900 kilometer) liquid ethane pipeline. Comparisons between ethane and other common liquid product streams will be presented. The implications of these differences will be shown on how they relate to design consideration. Commercial considerations as well as project timing will also be discussed. WHAT IS ETHANE At the standard conditions of 60°F and 14.7 psia, ethane is an odorless colorless hydrocarbon gas. Ethane is an alkane that is a common component of natural gas. Ethane has a relatively high heating value of 1630 BTU. During the processing of natural gas, ethane and heavier hydrocarbons are removed from the rich natural gas stream in order to meet the pipeline quality specifications of a net heating value of 1100 BTU. Ethane is one of the lighter hydrocarbon components of natural gas as depicted in Table 2. One can see that the progression of heavier hydrocarbons from methane adds one carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms and a corresponding ~14.03 g/mol molecular weight increase. The removal of heavier hydrocarbons from the rich natural gas stream creates a lean natural gas stream and mixture of hydrocarbons liquids (natural gas liquids). Often this mixture of ethane, propane, butane and heavier hydrocarbons is referred to as a demethanized natural gas liquids (NGL) mixture. A majority of the ethane is transported in this NGL mixture to centralized locations. A small remainder of the ethane stays in the leaner natural gas stream. At these centralized locations, component product streams are created through fractionation of the demethanized NGL mixture, and sold as a commodity. The commoditized components are then delivered to the end user for use. In the United States ethane futures are sold on the NYMEX electronic futures exchange.
Pipeline Rupture: Frictional Similarity Solution
George M. Harriott
... density profile liquified natural gas frictional time psig 1202 similarity coordinate gas monetization pipeline rupture leak detection rupture frictional similarity solution discharge flux diffusion equation Copyright 2012, Pipeline Simulation Interest Group This paper was prepared...
ABSTRACT: When a long gas pipeline is severed, gas escapes through a rarefaction wave that leads away from the break at sonic velocity. Immediately after rupture, the classical inviscid solution of rarefaction holds in which change proceeds evenly across the wave and the discharge is choked. After traveling a relatively short distance (a few hundred diameters) however, friction takes hold and reshapes the inviscid profiles so that the principal changes occur near the outlet. The practical consequences of friction are continual reduction of discharge rate and smoothing of the wavefront. Until the rarefaction reaches a distant boundary, depressurization is closely approximated by the similarity solution of a diffusion equation for density supplemented by evanescent boundary layers at the outlet and leading edge. The similarity solution yields a simple formula for the declining discharge rate with time and reveals that Excess Flow Valves, designed to isolate the line automatically, will not close if placed too far apart. INTRODUCTION Accidents in which a pipeline is severed are consequential. Large quantities of toxic or flammable material are rapidly discharged to atmosphere, and prompt action must be taken to protect the neighboring population. Understanding discharge dynamics in these cases is essential to assess potential hazards and develop appropriate risk mitigation plans. Dynamics at the leading edge of the depressurization wave that sweeps through the gas within the pipe also matters. Leak detection systems that rely on prompt identification of the rarefaction wavefront at critical locations may siginificantly lower risk posed by pipeline rupture. Local leak detection is often tied to Excess Flow Valves that shut automatically when the flow exceeds a threshold value. These nonlinear equations extend classical inviscid gas dynamics with algebraic friction and heat transfer terms that account for interaction of the gas with pipe walls.
Gas Pipeline Simulation: Leak Detection
... intelligence pipeline simulation lng measurement and control pressure drop liquified natural gas co pipeline boundary layer boundary condition pipeline leak detection resistance gas pipeline simulation gas monetization core model signature upstream oil &amp; gas approximation piping design...
ABSTRACT: Gas dynamic principles are applied to construct a leak detection system for long gas pipelines of arbitrary connectivity that contain point resistances to flow. Scaling analysis reveals that inertia is negligible in an isothermal core, leading to a nonlinear diffusion equation for density supplemented by thermal boundary layers at inlets. Smallamplitude linearization is applied to quantify simulation accuracy and to reveal dynamic leak signatures. On operating pipelines, the density equation, coupled with compressible point resistance formulae, is solved by a novel finite element method that yields flow directly. Using only data at boundaries, leaks are identified from differences between simulated and measured flows. INTRODUCTION Leak detection on gas pipelines is complicated by fluctuations of supply and demand that mask evidence of leaks. For example, the drop in pressure caused by a small leak may pass unnoticed when the system pressure is rising due to excess supply. Alternatively, a pressure slump from a spike in demand may be mistaken for a leak. On long pipelines, pressure is not uniform and the discrimination of leak and system dynamics is especially difficult. Many leak detection systems are based on empirical or highly idealized models of pipeline dynamics that necessarily require copious data (temporal or spatial) to compensate for the assumptions upon which the model is based. Wholly statistical monitoring systems that flag deviations from normal operating patterns [1] are an example of this class. Acoustical methods [2] are limited to short sections and consequently require measurements along the pipeline. Linear dynamic models are also restricted in range [3] and depend upon data at intermediate points to ensure accuracy. Managing a stream of special data at several locations and times is inconvenient and a barrier to application of these methods for leak detection. By contrast, a rigorous and detailed pipeline model offers highly accurate simulation from standard operating data at relatively few points. Pressure or flow at pipeline boundaries are sufficient and readily available: production is controlled to meet projected demands, and customer conditions are monitored for billing. Such models also require specification of pipeline segments (length, diameter, roughness), auxiliary equipment (valves, compressors, regulators), connections and basic gas properties (molecular weight, viscosity). The pipeline simulator described in this paper is based on an assembly of generic elements, illustrated in Figure 1. Segments of constant diameter pipe join at points of concentrated resistance to form branches. The network is formed by connecting branches at hubs of zero resistance. Note that branches may be comprised of segments of different diameters and that the resistance at points may be zero. Only two segments can join at a point, two or more branches connect at a hub. In this paper we show how scaling (asymptotic) analysis may be applied on long segments to rigorously reduce the full set of nonlinear gas dynamic equations to a simpler, more useful form. Compact equipment and connections are represented by point resistances that track segment dynamics in quasi-steady fashion.