ORs and 95% CIs of primary liver cancer according to plasma concentrations of isoflavones
Genistein (ng/mL) <28.0 28.0–100.9 >100.9 <41.9 41.9–111.0 >111.0
Number of cases/controls 11/18 9/18 8/18 21/41 14/40 27/40
Matching variables adjusted OR (95% CI)b 1.00 (reference) 0.79 (0.27–2.33) 0.65 (0.18–2.29) 0.50 1.00 (reference) 0.70 (0.31–1.56) 1.36 (0.64–2.87) 0.41
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c 1.00 (reference) 1.41 (0.37–5.41) 1.31 (0.28–6.05) 0.75 1.00 (reference) 0.61 (0.25–1.62) 1.33 (0.58–3.09) 0.47
Daidzein (ng/mL) <12.0 12.0–62.8 >62.8 <13.1 13.1–47.8 >47.8
Number of cases/controls 12/19 11/19 5/16 22/43 15/38 25/40
Glycitein (ng/mL) Not detected 1.0–3.4 >3.4 Not detected 1.0–3.2 >3.2
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c 1.00 (reference) 2.96 (0.60–14.61) 1.97 (0.35–10.93) 0.48 1.00 (reference) 1.05 (0.41–2.68) 2.14 (0.82–5.59) 0.11
Equol (ng/mL) Not detected 1.0–12.3 >12.3 Not detected 1.0–11.2 >11.2
↵aLinear trends were tested using the exposure categories as ordinal variables.
↵bMatching variables were age, sex, public health center area, fasting status at blood collection, hepatitis virus infectious status, and baseline menopausal status (for women).
↵cAdjusted for alcohol consumption (never, past, or regular drinker for women; never, past, <150, 150 to <450, ≥450 g/week ethanol for men), BMI (<25.0, ≥25.0 kg/m2), diabetes (yes, no), and coffee consumption (almost never, once a week to <1 cup/day, ≥1 cup/day).