Разговорные Темы 2 семестр
С. Л. Прокопенко
Рекомендовано методической комиссией факультета международных связей и довузовской подготовки
Протокол №8 от.28.04. 2015 г.
преподаватель С. Л. Прокопенко
старший преподаватель кафедры английского языка И. В. Осипова
Прокопенко С. Л.
П80 Пособие по английскому языку / С . Л . П р о к о п е н к о . – Гор-
ки; БГСХ, 2015. – 54 с.
Данное пособие включает разговорные темы по английскому языку. Каждый урок содержит тематический словарь, серию предтекстовых и послетекстовых упражнений, имеющих коммуникативно-речевую направленность.
Методическое пособие предназначено для студентов первых и вторых курсов всех факультетов.
Цель методического пособия – расширение лексического запаса студентов, а также развитие и совершенствование навыков диалогической и монологической речи в рамках указанных тем.
Методическое пособие состоит из одиннадцати уроков. Каждый урок содержит тематический словарь; базовый и дополнительный тексты; серию предтекстовых и послетекстовых заданий, имеющих ком- муникативно-речевую направленность.
Темы расположены в том порядке, в котором их обычно изучают: «Студенты на практике», «Охрана окружающей среды», «Моя специальность» (9).
Лексика текстов отрабатывается и усваивается в ходе выполнения разнообразных упражнений. Также включены задания творческого характера, требующие самостоятельного поиска нужной информации с последующей ее презентацией.
Методическое пособие может использоваться как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Ex. 1. Look through and learn the following words. curriculum – учебный план
to gain – приобретать, получать
to put knowledge into practice – применять знания на практике to have at one’s disposal – иметь в чьем-либо распоряжении in-depth – глубокий
(un-)favourable – (не-)благоприятный
soil and climate conditions – почвенные и климатические условия crop growing – растениеводство
manpower – рабочая сила shops – мастерские
experimental plot – экспериментальный участок agricultural-trading enterprise – агропромышленное предприятие
(un-)profitable farm – (не)рентабельное хозяйство arable lands – пахотные земли
to use intensive technologies – использовать интенсивные технологии to use farm machines – использовать сельскохозяйственную технику to grow grasses – выращивать травы
flax – лен oats – овес
to cultivate (to till) – обрабатывать to plant (to sow) – сеять
to harvest (to yield) – убирать
to gather crops – убирать урожай to increase – увеличивать
to grow (to raise) – выращивать
Practical training plays a vital role in building the required skills and competencies that’s why completion of specified training requirements is an essential part to become a good specialist.
Practical periods and practical exercises are very important in the curriculum of the Academy. Students are given an ample opportunity to put their knowledge into practice. Practical experience is essential as it is the first step on the road to a successful career in any sphere. The proportion of time spent on practical exercises is relatively high. The Academy has at its disposal fully equipped laboratories, the animal farm, experimental fields and greenhouses where students have to do practical work.
At the end of the forth year undergraduates are sent for a few months to farms or agricultural enterprises in order to get practical skills in their future profession. They learn to put theoretical knowledge, insight and skills into practice by doing research. As a rule, this traineeship is in line with the specialization they have chosen.
Vocational practice is the perfect opportunity to gain in-depth knowledge of that sector of the agricultural industry that has their particular interest, and it may be the first stepping stone on the path to a successful career.
I think that practice is one of the most important moments in the process of studies because it helps you to become a highly qualified specialist.
1. When are students sent to a vocational practice? 2. Why is practical experience essential? 3. What does the Academy have at its disposal? 4. Where do students travel to gain practical experience? 8. When does the most important practical period take place? 9. What do students learn to do when they are placed with agricultural enterprises or organisations?
Ex. 4. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following expressions.
1) существенный; 2) учебный план; 3) практическая подготовка; 4) применять полученные знания на практике; 5) опыт; 6) иметь в распоряжении; 7) высоко квалифицированный специалист; 8) производственная практика; 9) сельскохозяйственные предприятия; 10) теплица; 11) заниматься исследовательской работой; 12) получать; 13) на пути к успешной карьере; 14) глубокие знания.
Ex. 5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1.Students (to give) an ample opportunity to put knowledge into prac-
2.Much time (to spend) on practical exercises.
3.The main important practical period (to take place) in the second half of the year.
4. Students (to place) with agricultural enterprises, organisations.
Ex. 6. Read text B.
In summer many students work in different parts of our country. They work in the building teams, at the collective farms or elsewhere. At the collective farms they work as combine operators or tractor drivers. They help the farmers plough the soil, sow and gather the harvest. Their work is very useful because there are a lot of problems in agriculture today. And one of them is the lack of manpower.
There is an experimental farm in the Academy. Here students get knowledge of their future profession. The farm has all the necessary equipment for this. There are pedigree farms, shops and experimental plots where students can do research work. Every autumn students help farmers gather harvest. This year the students of our group worked on the agriculturaltrading enterprise “Goretsky”. It is situated near Gorky. The farm is rich and profitable. It is a mixed farm. It specializes both in crop production and in cattle breeding. There are many hectares of arable land and pastures on the farm. It cultivates beet, potatoes, flax and cabbage. Besides there is a big orchard with many apple-trees. In order to increase crop yields and animal products the farm applies widely intensive technologies. Intensification is based on mechanization and electrification, which are the main sources of progress in agriculture. Most of agricultural processes in crop production and animal husbandry are mechanized on the farm. They are the soil preparation, planting and harvesting of crops, feeding of farm animals. The farm uses widely fertilizers and manure, better high-yielding varieties of crops, most effective cultural practices. They try to use them so as not to damage the land, which is the basis of agriculture.
This autumn we helped farmers gather potatoes. I must say the climatic conditions this year were favourable for potato production. The farmers used Holland cultural practices, applied fertilizers and different chemicals, such as herbicides and insecticides and got high yields of potatoes. I think that my work on the farm was useful as I learned many new facts on potato cultivation practice.
1.Where do the students of the Academy have their practical work?
2.Workers of which professions can they replace during their practical period?
3.Can you characterize the experimental farm of the Academy?
4.What means do the farmers use in order to intensify the process of production?
5.Where would you like to have your practical period?
6.Did you have any practical work during the first year of studies? Speak about it.
Ex. 1. Look through and learn the following words. harmony – гармония
pollute – загрязнять pollution – загрязнение impurities – примеси suffocate – задыхаться transparent – прозрачный threaten – угрожать disappear – исчезать oxygen – кислород uproot – выкорчевывать advance – наступать upset – нарушать
insignificant – незначительный poaching – браконьерство barbaric – варварский infringement – нарушение acute – острый
vehicles – транспорт wastes – отходы harmful – вредный
contamination – загрязнение
ozone depletion – истощение озонового слоя dump – свалка
to dump – сваливать, сбрасывать (мусор) toxic waste – токсические отходы exhaust gases – выхлопные газы
the threat of ecological disaster – угроза экологической катастрофы dissipation of natural resources – расточение природных ресурсов
to be under the threat of extinction – быть под угрозой вымирания smoke stack – дымовая труба
landfill – свалка
releases of toxic substances – выбросы ядовитых веществ choke from soot and ash – задыхаться от копоти и пепла
sulphuric and hydrocloric acids – серная и хлороводородная кислоты water vapour – водяной пар
rain forests – тропические влажные леса acid rain – кислотный дождь groundwater – грунтовая вода
The ecological problem is a global problem. About 200 years ago man lived in greater harmony with the environment because industry was not much developed. Today the situation is quite different. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with millions tons of dust and other impurities. Residents of many cities suffocate from smog. The Earth’s atmosphere is becoming less transparent and its composition is changing threatening the Earth with climate variations.
Forests are disappearing. The conveniences of each person cost nature 300 trees. Some 40% of the tropical rain forests, which are the principal suppliers of the oxygen in our atmosphere have already been destroyed and what is left is being uprooted or burned down at the rate of 44 hectares per minute. Deserts are advancing at the same speed. The disappearance of forest areas upsets the oxygen balance.
We must remember and understand that despite all his power man is a biological species and only one five-millionth of all living things. Man is the child of the biosphere. And if there are qualitative changes in the Earth's biosphere, man will also be affected by them, as his ability to adapt is rather insignificant.
Today, as never before, ecological education is very important. Every year more and more people take part in the movement to save lakes and seas, air and land from pollution. There are environmental protection agencies in every country, which work out projects for nature protection. One of such organisations is "Green peace". There are also ecological organisations in Belarus. The oldest one is Belarusian Society of Nature Protection, which is more than 30 years old.
It's a pity, but low level of ecological culture among population resulted in increase of poaching, barbaric attitude to nature, infringement of legislation. The ecological situation in the republic is unfavourable today. The air pollution problem is acute in big cities. The main sources of air pollution are vehicles and plants. No less important remains the problem of surface and underground water pollution. Improper farm management led to negative processes in agriculture, such as: water and land pollution, soil erosion, degradation of natural landscapes, disappearance of plant and animal species. The problem of humus has recently become rather urgent in the republic. One of the serious ecological problems in Belarus is accumulation of waste. But radioactive contamination is still the most acute problem. As a result of Chernobyl catastrophe 23% of the territory has been contaminated and 3,668 settlements are unsuitable for living.
The main purpose of the ecological policy in Belarus is maintenance of ecologically safe living conditions for the population, rational use and protection of natural resources, development of nature protection legislation. Much is to be done in this direction. To begin with, it is necessary to reorganize our industry and introduce resource saving and non-waste technologies. And, of course, our laws on nature spoiling should be stricter and fines much higher.
Ex. 3. Match these words with their meanings:
a) rising temperatures around the world
b) man-made chemicals which destroy the ozone
с) a type of oxygen
d) rain containing chemicals
CFC (clorofluorocar-
e) making earth, air or water dirty and dangerous
f) the atmosphere, between 10 km and 60 km
above the earth, which stops a lot of the ultravio-
let radiation
g) part of sunlight
h) a chemical for killing insects and other ani-
1. How does man interfere with the balance of nature? 2. What might the consequences of this be? 3. What do you know about the ecological situation in Belarus? 4. How did Chernobyl explosion affect the environment in Belarus? 5. Does agriculture influence the environment? 6. What are the main sources of pollution? 7. Name the most important kinds of pollution.
Ex. 5. Read the texts and put in the words from the boxes. You may have to make some small changes.
Create, left, remain, save
Seventy years ago there were 100,000 tigers in the wild. Today there are not more than 8,000 ... . In 1972 the World Wildlife Fund launched “Operation tiger” to ... the tigers that . . . . Eighteen tiger reserves have been … in India and three in Nepal.
The Last Thirty Oryx
Almost, hunter, natural, rare, survive, wildlife, zoo (2)
By the 1970s, ... had killed ... all of the Arabian oryx. The WWF helped to capture the last thirty ... oryx and send them to phoenix ... in Arizona, where a herd of these ... animals has been built up. Other ... and ... parks have helped, and the oryx has been reintroduced into its ... surroundings in Oman, Jordan and Saudi Arabia.
The Last Thousand Polar Bears
Arctic, alive, fewer, hunting, increase, live, successfully
Thirty years ago ... than 1,000 polar bears were left ... in the wild in Norway, Greenland and in Russia. WWF persuaded the five ... nations of Canada, the USA, Denmark (Greenland), Russia and Norway, to agree to control ... and promote scientific study. Now the “ice bears” are ... and breeding ... once again, and those 1,000 bears have ... their numbers to about 5,000.
Dam, destroy, encourage, flood, in danger, international, medicine, protect, supply
Tropical forests ... us with very many sorts of plants for food, ... and industry. They could probably supply many more. They also reduce ... and droughts, keep water clean, and slow down the Greenhouse Effect. But the tropical forests are being ... to make room for things like farms, ranches, mines and hydroelectric . . . . About 20 million hectares are lost each year – an area more than twice the size of Austria. WWF is working to ... and save the forests that are ...; to plant new trees for fuel wood and to slow down the Greenhouse Effect; and to ... governments to think about the forests and their importance when giving ... aid.