<p><b>一氧化錳</b>是錳的一種氧化物，化學式MnO，在自然界中以罕見的<span data-orig-title="方锰矿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="manganosite"><span>方錳礦</span></span>的形式存在。它在磁共振成像、電極材料製備等方面有著潛在應用。</p>


<h2><span id=".E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span><span id="结构">結構</span></h2>
<p>一氧化錳有著與氯化鈉晶體相同的結構，其陰、陽離子都處於八面體的配位環境中，它有著非化學計量比的組成，可由MnO變化到MnO<sub>1.045</sub>。在118 K以下時，一氧化錳具有反鐵磁性，其<span data-orig-title="磁结构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="magnetic structure"><span>磁結構</span></span>最初於1951年由中子衍射得到表徵。。其禁帶寬度為4.02 eV，自旋磁矩為4.52 <i>μ</i><sub>B</sub>。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<p>一氧化錳可由氫氣還原錳的高價氧化物得到，如：
</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} }">
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          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mo>+</mo>
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        </msub>
        <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
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          <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>工業上用氫氣、一氧化碳或甲烷還原二氧化錳製得：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {CO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}}">
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          </mrow>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mo>+</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
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        <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
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        <msub>
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            <mn>2</mn>
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        </msub>
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    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {CO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>一氧化錳也可由碳酸錳的熱分解製得：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {MnCO} _{3}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}}">
  <semantics>
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    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {MnCO} _{3}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>草酸錳的熱分解根據產物的不同會生成一氧化錳、α-三氧化二錳或四氧化三錳，其中在真空中於500 °C分解可以得到一氧化錳。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="化学性质">化學性質</span></h2>

<p>一氧化錳不溶於水，是一種離子型的鹼性氧化物，和酸反應得到相應的二價錳鹽。例如：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {H} +\mathrm {MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {(CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {)} _{2}\mathrm {Mn+} \mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} }">
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          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>3</mn>
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        </msub>
        <msub>
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            <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
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        </msub>
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          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
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        <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
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          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>3</mn>
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        </msub>
        <msub>
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            <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
          </mrow>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>3</mn>
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        </msub>
        <msub>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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            <mn>2</mn>
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        </msub>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
          <mo>+</mo>
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          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {H} +\mathrm {MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {(CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {)} _{2}\mathrm {Mn+} \mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>它在高溫下和氫氧化鈉反應，生成錳(III)酸鈉並放出氫氣：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2MnO} +\mathrm {2NaOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm {NaMnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\uparrow }">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2MnO} +\mathrm {2NaOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm {NaMnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\uparrow }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>它和氯化鐵反應得到鐵酸錳：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2FeCl} _{3}+\mathrm {4MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnFe} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{4}+\mathrm {3MnCl} _{2}}">
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            <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
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          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>3</mn>
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        </msub>
        <mo>+</mo>
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          <mn>4</mn>
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            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mo>+</mo>
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            <mn>3</mn>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2FeCl} _{3}+\mathrm {4MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnFe} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{4}+\mathrm {3MnCl} _{2}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>它和氧化鋇、錳(III)酸釔於高溫反應，可以得到具有層狀鈣鈦礦結構的化合物YBaMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>；和五氧化二釩或偏釩酸銨反應，得到具有<span data-orig-title="钪钇石" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Thortveitite"><span>鈧釔石</span></span>結構的Mn<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>。
它可以直接用作反應物來構建其它一些含錳材料，如(H<sub>2</sub>dmp)<sub>0.5</sub>Mn(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)、Na<sub>3</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>SbO<sub>6</sub>等。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span><span id="参考文献">參考文獻</span></h2>

<h2><span id=".E6.8B.93.E5.B1.95.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span><span id="拓展阅读">拓展閱讀</span></h2>
<p><small>
</small></p><small><ol><li><cite class="citation journal">Spear, Frank S.; Cheney, John T. A petrogenetic grid for pelitic schists in the system SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-FeO-MgO-K<sub>2</sub>O-H<sub>2</sub>O. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1989, <b>101</b> (2): 149–164. <span title="國際標準連續出版物號">ISSN 0010-7999</span>. <span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/BF00375302</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0&amp;rft.atitle=A+petrogenetic+grid+for+pelitic+schists+in+the+system+SiO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E-Al%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E-FeO-MgO-K%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO-H%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO&amp;rft.au=Cheney%2C+John+T.&amp;rft.aufirst=Frank+S.&amp;rft.aulast=Spear&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0010-7999&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Contributions+to+Mineralogy+and+Petrology&amp;rft.pages=149-164&amp;rft.volume=101&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00375302&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation journal">Wu, Rongcheng; Qu, Jiuhui; Chen, Yongsheng. Magnetic powder MnO–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite—a novel material for the removal of azo-dye from water. Water Research. 2005, <b>39</b> (4): 630–638. <span title="國際標準連續出版物號">ISSN 0043-1354</span>. <span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0&amp;rft.atitle=Magnetic+powder+MnO%E2%80%93Fe%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E+composite%E2%80%94a+novel+material+for+the+removal+of+azo-dye+from+water&amp;rft.au=Chen%2C+Yongsheng&amp;rft.au=Qu%2C+Jiuhui&amp;rft.aufirst=Rongcheng&amp;rft.aulast=Wu&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=00431354&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Water+Research&amp;rft.pages=630-638&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.watres.2004.11.005&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation journal">Dong, Shun; Tang, Weikang; Hu, Peitao; Zhao, Xiaoguang; Zhang, Xinghong; Han, Jiecai; Hu, Ping. Achieving Excellent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Capabilities by Construction of MnO Nanorods on Porous Carbon Composites Derived from Natural Wood via a Simple Route. ACS Sustainable Chemistry &amp; Engineering. 2019, <b>7</b> (13): 11795–11805. <span title="國際標準連續出版物號">ISSN 2168-0485</span>. <span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02100</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0&amp;rft.atitle=Achieving+Excellent+Electromagnetic+Wave+Absorption+Capabilities+by+Construction+of+MnO+Nanorods+on+Porous+Carbon+Composites+Derived+from+Natural+Wood+via+a+Simple+Route&amp;rft.au=Han%2C+Jiecai&amp;rft.au=Hu%2C+Peitao&amp;rft.au=Hu%2C+Ping&amp;rft.au=Tang%2C+Weikang&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xinghong&amp;rft.au=Zhao%2C+Xiaoguang&amp;rft.aufirst=Shun&amp;rft.aulast=Dong&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=2168-0485&amp;rft.issue=13&amp;rft.jtitle=ACS+Sustainable+Chemistry+%26+Engineering&amp;rft.pages=11795-11805&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facssuschemeng.9b02100&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span></li></ol></small><small></small><p><small></small>
</p>
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**一氧化錳**是錳的一種氧化物，化學式 MnO，在自然界中以罕見的方錳礦的形式存在。它在磁共振成像、電極材料製備等方面有著潛在應用。

## 結構

一氧化錳有著與氯化鈉晶體相同的結構，其陰、陽離子都處於八面體的配位環境中，它有著非化學計量比的組成，可由 MnO 變化到 MnO1.045。在 118 K 以下時，一氧化錳具有反鐵磁性，其磁結構最初於 1951 年由中子衍射得到表徵。。其禁帶寬度為 4.02 eV，自旋磁矩為 4.52 _μ_B。

## 製備

一氧化錳可由氫氣還原錳的高價氧化物得到，如：

　
: $\mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} $

工業上用氫氣、一氧化碳或甲烷還原二氧化錳製得：

　
: $\mathrm {MnO} _{2}+\mathrm {CO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}$

一氧化錳也可由碳酸錳的熱分解製得：

　
: $\mathrm {MnCO} _{3}\longrightarrow \mathrm {MnO} +\mathrm {CO} _{2}$

草酸錳的熱分解根據產物的不同會生成一氧化錳、α- 三氧化二錳或四氧化三錳，其中在真空中於 500 °C 分解可以得到一氧化錳。

## 化學性質

一氧化錳不溶於水，是一種離子型的鹼性氧化物，和酸反應得到相應的二價錳鹽。例如：

　
: $\mathrm {CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {H} +\mathrm {MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {(CF} _{3}\mathrm {SO} _{3}\mathrm {)} _{2}\mathrm {Mn+} \mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} $

它在高溫下和氫氧化鈉反應，生成錳 (III) 酸鈉並放出氫氣：

　
: $\mathrm {2MnO} +\mathrm {2NaOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm {NaMnO} _{2}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\uparrow $

它和氯化鐵反應得到鐵酸錳：

　
: $\mathrm {2FeCl} _{3}+\mathrm {4MnO} \longrightarrow \mathrm {MnFe} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{4}+\mathrm {3MnCl} _{2}$

它和氧化鋇、錳 (III) 酸釔於高溫反應，可以得到具有層狀鈣鈦礦結構的化合物 YBaMn2O5；和五氧化二釩或偏釩酸銨反應，得到具有鈧釔石結構的 Mn2V2O7。
它可以直接用作反應物來構建其它一些含錳材料，如 (H2dmp)0.5Mn(H2PO4)(C2O4)、Na3Mn2SbO6 等。

## 參考文獻

## 拓展閱讀

1. Spear, Frank S.; Cheney, John T. A petrogenetic grid for pelitic schists in the system SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-MgO-K2O-H2O. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1989, **101** (2): 149–164. ISSN 0010-7999. doi:10.1007/BF00375302.
2. Wu, Rongcheng; Qu, Jiuhui; Chen, Yongsheng. Magnetic powder MnO–Fe2O3 composite—a novel material for the removal of azo-dye from water. Water Research. 2005, **39** (4): 630–638. ISSN 0043-1354. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.005.
3. Dong, Shun; Tang, Weikang; Hu, Peitao; Zhao, Xiaoguang; Zhang, Xinghong; Han, Jiecai; Hu, Ping. Achieving Excellent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Capabilities by Construction of MnO Nanorods on Porous Carbon Composites Derived from Natural Wood via a Simple Route. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2019, **7** (13): 11795–11805. ISSN 2168-0485. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02100.
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