<p><b>氯矽烷</b>是一種活潑的化合物，化學式為SiH<sub>3</sub>Cl。雖然氯矽烷的名稱中有「烷」字，但化合物本身並不含碳，因此它是無機物。
</p>


<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<p>氯矽烷可由矽烷和氯化氫在三氯化鋁催化劑的存在下反應製備：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {SiH_{4}+HCl\ {\xrightarrow {AlCl_{3},100^{o}C}}\ SiH_{3}Cl+H_{2}} }">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {SiH_{4}+HCl\ {\xrightarrow {AlCl_{3},100^{o}C}}\ SiH_{3}Cl+H_{2}} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>四氯化矽和甲醛的反應也可以得到氯矽烷：
</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {SiCl_{4}+HCHO\ {\xrightarrow {Al_{2}O_{3},400^{o}C}}\ SiH_{3}Cl+HCl+CO} }">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {SiCl_{4}+HCHO\ {\xrightarrow {Al_{2}O_{3},400^{o}C}}\ SiH_{3}Cl+HCl+CO} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><h2><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="化学性质">化學性質</span></h2>
<p>氯矽烷的化學性質活潑，可以發生一系列的化學反應。
</p>
<h3><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E8.A7.A3.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span><span id="水解反应">水解反應</span></h3>
<p>氯矽烷在水中可以發生水解：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2SiH_{3}Cl+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}2SiH_{3}OH+2HCl} }">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2SiH_{3}Cl+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}2SiH_{3}OH+2HCl} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>水解產生的SiH<sub>3</sub>OH會發生分子間縮合，得到乙矽氧烷，而不會形成Si＝O雙鍵：
</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2SiH_{3}OH\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}H_{3}SiOSiH_{3}+H_{2}O} }">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2SiH_{3}OH\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}H_{3}SiOSiH_{3}+H_{2}O} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><h3><span id=".E9.87.8D.E6.8E.92.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span><span id="重排反应">重排反應</span></h3>
<p>和其他鹵代甲矽烷一樣，氯矽烷受熱發生分子重排：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2SiH_{3}Cl\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}SiH_{4}+SiH_{2}Cl_{2}} }">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2SiH_{3}Cl\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}SiH_{4}+SiH_{2}Cl_{2}} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><h3><span id=".E5.8D.A4.E7.B4.A0.E4.BA.A4.E6.8D.A2"></span><span id="卤素交换">鹵素交換</span></h3>
<p>氯矽烷可以和三氟化銻發生鹵素交換，產生氟矽烷。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span><span id="参考资料">參考資料</span></h2>

<h2><span id=".E6.8B.93.E5.B1.95.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span><span id="拓展阅读">拓展閱讀</span></h2>
<ul><li>Stephen P. Walch, Christopher E. Dateo. Thermal Decomposition Pathways and Rates for Silane, Chlorosilane, Dichlorosilane, and Trichlorosilane （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）[J]. <i>J. Phys. Chem. A</i>, 2001, 105 (10), pp 2015–2022. <b>DOI: </b>10.1021/jp003559u</li>
<li>Rosa Becerra, J. Pat Cannady, Robin Walsh. Time-Resolved Gas-Phase Kinetic and Quantum Chemical Studies of Reactions of Silylene with Chlorine-Containing Species. 1. HCl （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）[J]. <i>J. Phys. Chem. A</i>, 2004, 108 (18), pp 3987–3993<b>. DOI: </b>10.1021/jp037630i</li></ul><!-- 
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**氯矽烷**是一種活潑的化合物，化學式為 SiH3Cl。雖然氯矽烷的名稱中有「烷」字，但化合物本身並不含碳，因此它是無機物。

## 製備

氯矽烷可由矽烷和氯化氫在三氯化鋁催化劑的存在下反應製備：

　
: $\mathrm {SiH_{4}+HCl\ {\xrightarrow {AlCl_{3},100^{o}C}}\ SiH_{3}Cl+H_{2}} $

四氯化矽和甲醛的反應也可以得到氯矽烷：

　
: $\mathrm {SiCl_{4}+HCHO\ {\xrightarrow {Al_{2}O_{3},400^{o}C}}\ SiH_{3}Cl+HCl+CO} $

## 化學性質

氯矽烷的化學性質活潑，可以發生一系列的化學反應。

### 水解反應

氯矽烷在水中可以發生水解：

　
: $\mathrm {2SiH_{3}Cl+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}2SiH_{3}OH+2HCl} $

水解產生的 SiH3OH 會發生分子間縮合，得到乙矽氧烷，而不會形成 Si＝O 雙鍵：

　
: $\mathrm {2SiH_{3}OH\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}H_{3}SiOSiH_{3}+H_{2}O} $

### 重排反應

和其他鹵代甲矽烷一樣，氯矽烷受熱發生分子重排：

　
: $\mathrm {2SiH_{3}Cl\ {\xrightarrow {\ }}SiH_{4}+SiH_{2}Cl_{2}} $

### 鹵素交換

氯矽烷可以和三氟化銻發生鹵素交換，產生氟矽烷。

## 參考資料

## 拓展閱讀

* Stephen P. Walch, Christopher E. Dateo. Thermal Decomposition Pathways and Rates for Silane, Chlorosilane, Dichlorosilane, and Trichlorosilane （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）[J]. _J. Phys. Chem. A_, 2001, 105 (10), pp 2015–2022. **DOI:** 10.1021/jp003559u
* Rosa Becerra, J. Pat Cannady, Robin Walsh. Time-Resolved Gas-Phase Kinetic and Quantum Chemical Studies of Reactions of Silylene with Chlorine-Containing Species. 1. HCl （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）[J]. _J. Phys. Chem. A_, 2004, 108 (18), pp 3987–3993**. DOI:** 10.1021/jp037630i
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