<p><b>六氟磷酸</b>是一種化合物，化學式為H[PF<sub>6</sub>]。由於六氟磷酸根（<span>PF<span>−<br>6</span></span>）的非配位性，它是一種強酸。
</p>


<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<ul><li>向五氟化磷的二硫化碳溶液中通入氟化氫：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {PF_{5}+HF\ {\xrightarrow {-20^{o}C}}\ H[PF_{6}]}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {PF_{5}+HF\ {\xrightarrow {-20^{o}C}}\ H[PF_{6}]}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>氫氟酸和五氧化二磷反應的產物之一：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {P_{4}O_{10}+HF\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{HF(40\%)}}\ H[PF_{6}],H[PO_{2}F_{2}],H_{2}[PO_{3}F]}}}">
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    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {P_{4}O_{10}+HF\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{HF(40\%)}}\ H[PF_{6}],H[PO_{2}F_{2}],H_{2}[PO_{3}F]}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><h2><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="物理性质">物理性質</span></h2>
<p>已經得到的六水合物「結晶<span>HPF<span><br>6</span></span>」顯示，<span>PF<span>−<br>6</span></span>被包含在由水分子和質子組成的截角八面體中。核磁共振波譜法表明，由這種結晶形成的水溶液中存在大量的HF。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="化学性质">化學性質</span></h2>
<p>像許多強酸那樣，六氟磷酸無法製得純淨物，只能在溶液中存在。水溶液中存在氫離子，H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>，和PF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>。此外，溶液還包含P-F鍵的水解產物，包括HPO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>，H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>F，H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>，以及它們的共軛鹼。</p>
<ul><li>加熱時水解：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {H[PF_{6}]\cdot 6H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {150-200^{o}C}}\ POF_{3}+3HF+3H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {H[PF_{6}]\cdot 6H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {150-200^{o}C}}\ POF_{3}+3HF+3H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>在酸性條件下與水反應：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2H[PF_{6}]+5H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {H_{+},100^{o}C}}\ H[PO_{2}F_{2}]+H_{2}[PO_{3}F]+9HF}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2H[PF_{6}]+5H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {H_{+},100^{o}C}}\ H[PO_{2}F_{2}]+H_{2}[PO_{3}F]+9HF}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>與鹼反應，形成鹽：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {H[PF_{6}]+NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Na[PF_{6}]+H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {H[PF_{6}]+NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Na[PF_{6}]+H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span><span id="参见">參見</span></h2>
<ul><li>氟銻酸</li></ul><h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span><span id="参考文献">參考文獻</span></h2>

<ul><li><cite class="citation book">Редкол.: Зефиров Н.С. и др. (編). Химическая энциклопедия. 5. М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия. 1998: 783. <span title="國際標準書號">ISBN</span> 5-85270-310-9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8&amp;rft.au=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB.%3A+%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%9D.%D0%A1.+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=5-85270-310-9&amp;rft.pages=783&amp;rft.place=%D0%9C.&amp;rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.series=5&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Лидин Р.А. и др. Химические свойства неорганических веществ: Учеб. пособие для вузов 3-е изд., испр. М.: Химия. 2000: 480. <span title="國際標準書號">ISBN</span> 5-7245-1163-0.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8&amp;rft.au=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%A0.%D0%90.+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%3A+%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1.+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.edition=3-%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4.%2C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=5-7245-1163-0&amp;rft.pages=480&amp;rft.place=%D0%9C.&amp;rft.pub=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li></ul><!-- 
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**六氟磷酸**是一種化合物，化學式為 H [PF6]。由於六氟磷酸根（PF− 
6）的非配位性，它是一種強酸。

## 製備

* 向五氟化磷的二硫化碳溶液中通入氟化氫：

　
: ${\mathsf {PF_{5}+HF\ {\xrightarrow {-20^{o}C}}\ H[PF_{6}]}}$

* 氫氟酸和五氧化二磷反應的產物之一：

　
: ${\mathsf {P_{4}O_{10}+HF\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{HF(40\%)}}\ H[PF_{6}],H[PO_{2}F_{2}],H_{2}[PO_{3}F]}}$

## 物理性質

已經得到的六水合物「結晶 HPF 
6」顯示，PF− 
6 被包含在由水分子和質子組成的截角八面體中。核磁共振波譜法表明，由這種結晶形成的水溶液中存在大量的 HF。

## 化學性質

像許多強酸那樣，六氟磷酸無法製得純淨物，只能在溶液中存在。水溶液中存在氫離子，H3O+，和 PF6-。此外，溶液還包含 P-F 鍵的水解產物，包括 HPO2F2，H2PO2F，H3PO4，以及它們的共軛鹼。

* 加熱時水解：

　
: ${\mathsf {H[PF_{6}]\cdot 6H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {150-200^{o}C}}\ POF_{3}+3HF+3H_{2}O}}$

* 在酸性條件下與水反應：

　
: ${\mathsf {2H[PF_{6}]+5H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {H_{+},100^{o}C}}\ H[PO_{2}F_{2}]+H_{2}[PO_{3}F]+9HF}}$

* 與鹼反應，形成鹽：

　
: ${\mathsf {H[PF_{6}]+NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Na[PF_{6}]+H_{2}O}}$

## 參見

* 氟銻酸

## 參考文獻

* Редкол.: Зефиров Н.С. и др. (編). Химическая энциклопедия. 5. М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия. 1998: 783. ISBN 5-85270-310-9.
* Лидин Р.А. и др. Химические свойства неорганических веществ: Учеб. пособие для вузов 3-е изд., испр. М.: Химия. 2000: 480. ISBN 5-7245-1163-0.
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