<p><b>磷酸亞鐵</b>是磷酸的鐵鹽，化學式Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>。它在自然界中以藍鐵礦形式存在，可用作肥料。</p>


<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<p>磷酸亞鐵可以由硫酸亞鐵和磷酸鈉溶液反應而成：</p>
<dl><dd>3 FeSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>↓ + 3 Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></dd></dl><p>磷酸和鐵直接反應只會得到Fe(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O。無水磷酸亞鐵可以由硝酸鐵和磷酸二氫銨反應，然後加熱產生的棕色物質而成。</p>
<h2><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="物理性质">物理性質</span></h2>
<p>無水磷酸亞鐵呈單斜晶系，空間群P2<sub>1</sub>/c (No. 14)。其四水合物和八水合物的晶體結構也是單斜晶系，空間群分別為P2<sub>1</sub>/a (No. 14)和C2/m (No. 12)。</p><p>剛沉澱產生的八水合磷酸亞鐵是藍灰色固體，在空氣氧化下轉變成靛藍色。對其進一步氧化會破壞其晶體結構，產生黃棕色的無定形體。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="化学性质">化學性質</span></h2>
<ul><li>與磷酸反應，形成酸式鹽：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3FeHPO_{4}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3FeHPO_{4}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+4H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3Fe(H_{2}PO_{4})_{2}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+4H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3Fe(H_{2}PO_{4})_{2}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>與氫反應生成磷化物：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+8H_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ Fe_{3}P_{2}+8H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+8H_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ Fe_{3}P_{2}+8H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>水合物加熱分解：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{T}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 4H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{180^{o}C}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{T}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 4H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{180^{o}C}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>磷酸亞鐵可以和N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>形成各種配合物，如深綠色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O、白色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·2.75H<sub>2</sub>O、淺綠色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·8H<sub>2</sub>O以及白色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·7N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O。它們都會爆炸。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span><span id="参见">參見</span></h2>
<ul><li>磷酸鐵</li></ul><h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span><span id="参考">參考</span></h2>

<h2><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span><span id="延伸阅读">延伸閱讀</span></h2>
<ul><li><cite class="citation book">Редкол.: Кнунянц И.Л. и др. (編). Химическая энциклопедия. 2. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1990: 671. ISBN 5-82270-035-5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81&amp;rft.au=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB.%3A+%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86+%D0%98.%D0%9B.+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=671&amp;rft.place=%D0%9C.&amp;rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.series=2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (編). Справочник химика. 1 2-е изд., испр. М.-Л.: Химия. 1966: 1072.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81&amp;rft.au=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB.%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%91.%D0%9F.+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.edition=2-%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4.%2C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=1072&amp;rft.place=%D0%9C.-%D0%9B.&amp;rft.pub=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.series=1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (編). Справочник химика. 2 3-е изд., испр. Л.: Химия. 1971: 1168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81&amp;rft.au=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB.%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%91.%D0%9F.+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.edition=3-%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4.%2C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=1168&amp;rft.place=%D0%9B.&amp;rft.pub=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.series=2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Рипан Р., Четяну И. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов. 2. М.: Мир. 1972: 871.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81&amp;rft.au=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A0.%2C+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%98.&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=871&amp;rft.place=%D0%9C.&amp;rft.pub=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80&amp;rft.series=2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li></ul><!-- 
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**磷酸亞鐵**是磷酸的鐵鹽，化學式 Fe3(PO4)2。它在自然界中以藍鐵礦形式存在，可用作肥料。

## 製備

磷酸亞鐵可以由硫酸亞鐵和磷酸鈉溶液反應而成：

　
: 3 FeSO4 + 2 Na3PO4 → Fe3(PO4)2↓ + 3 Na2SO4

磷酸和鐵直接反應只會得到 Fe (H2PO4)2·2H2O。無水磷酸亞鐵可以由硝酸鐵和磷酸二氫銨反應，然後加熱產生的棕色物質而成。

## 物理性質

無水磷酸亞鐵呈單斜晶系，空間群 P21/c (No. 14)。其四水合物和八水合物的晶體結構也是單斜晶系，空間群分別為 P21/a (No. 14) 和 C2/m (No. 12)。

剛沉澱產生的八水合磷酸亞鐵是藍灰色固體，在空氣氧化下轉變成靛藍色。對其進一步氧化會破壞其晶體結構，產生黃棕色的無定形體。

## 化學性質

* 與磷酸反應，形成酸式鹽：

　
: ${\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3FeHPO_{4}}}$

　
: ${\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+4H_{3}PO_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ 3Fe(H_{2}PO_{4})_{2}}}$

* 與氫反應生成磷化物：

　
: ${\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}+8H_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ Fe_{3}P_{2}+8H_{2}O}}$

* 水合物加熱分解：

　
: ${\mathsf {Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{T}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\cdot 4H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{180^{o}C}}\ Fe_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}}}$

磷酸亞鐵可以和 N2H4 形成各種配合物，如深綠色的 Fe3(PO4)2·3N2H4·5H2O、白色的 Fe3(PO4)2·6N2H4·2.75H2O、淺綠色的 Fe3(PO4)2·6N2H4·8H2O 以及白色的 Fe3(PO4)2·7N2H4·nH2O。它們都會爆炸。

## 參見

* 磷酸鐵

## 參考

## 延伸閱讀

* Редкол.: Кнунянц И.Л. и др. (編). Химическая энциклопедия. 2. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1990: 671. ISBN 5-82270-035-5.
* Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (編). Справочник химика. 1 2-е изд., испр. М.-Л.: Химия. 1966: 1072.
* Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (編). Справочник химика. 2 3-е изд., испр. Л.: Химия. 1971: 1168.
* Рипан Р., Четяну И. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов. 2. М.: Мир. 1972: 871.
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