<p><b>硝酸鈽(IV)</b>是一種具有強放射性的無機化合物，化學式為Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>，可以形成水合物。</p>


<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<p>硝酸鈽(IV)可由二氧化鈽溶於硝酸得到，從其溶液中可以結晶出正交晶系的五水合物（Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O）。</p>
<h2><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="性质">性質</span></h2>
<p>硝酸鈽(IV)可溶於水和一部分有機溶劑，其水溶液可被磷酸三丁酯萃取。它也能溶於熔融的硝酸鈾醯六水合物，若在體系中加入1~6 M HNO<sub>3</sub>，它會歧化為Pu(III)和Pu(VI)，若提高HNO<sub>3</sub>濃度至10 M以上，則只會生成配陰離子[Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>。它在1.5~7.1 M的硝酸溶液中，可以Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>n</sub><sup>(4−n)+</sup>（n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5）的形式存在，7.1 M以上時，以[Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>的形式存在，超過11 M時，以H<sub>2</sub>[Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]的形式存在。在鹼性溶液中，它以PuO<sub>2</sub>·xH<sub>2</sub>O的形式沉澱出來。</p><p>它可以被氨基胍硫酸鹽或抗壞血酸還原為Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>。向其溶液通入臭氧，它可以經PuO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>氧化至PuO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>。</p>
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<h2><span id=".E6.8B.93.E5.B1.95.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span><span id="拓展阅读">拓展閱讀</span></h2>
<p><small>
</small></p><small><ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Balasubramonian, S.; Pandey, N. K.; Subba Rao, R. V. Thermodynamic modeling of Pu(IV) and nitric acid extraction by 1.1 M tri-iso-amyl phosphate in n-dodecane. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2020-08-12, <b>326</b> (1): 105–113. <span title="國際標準連續出版物號">ISSN 0236-5731</span>. <span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/s10967-020-07338-8</span> <span title="連接到英語網頁">（英語）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%9A%28IV%29&amp;rft.atitle=Thermodynamic+modeling+of+Pu%28IV%29+and+nitric+acid+extraction+by+1.1+M+tri-iso-amyl+phosphate+in+n-dodecane&amp;rft.au=Pandey%2C+N.+K.&amp;rft.au=Subba+Rao%2C+R.+V.&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft.aulast=Balasubramonian&amp;rft.date=2020-08-12&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0236-5731&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Radioanalytical+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=105-113&amp;rft.volume=326&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10967-020-07338-8&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation journal">Kaplan, Daniel I.; Demirkanli, Deniz I.; Gumapas, Leo; Powell, Brian A.; Fjeld, Robert A.; Molz, Fred J.; Serkiz, Steven M. Eleven-Year Field Study of Pu Migration from Pu III, IV, and VI Sources. Environmental Science &amp; Technology (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2005-12-06, <b>40</b> (2): 443–448. <span title="國際標準連續出版物號">ISSN 0013-936X</span>. <span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1021/es050073o</span> <span title="連接到英語網頁">（英語）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%9A%28IV%29&amp;rft.atitle=Eleven-Year+Field+Study+of+Pu+Migration+from+Pu+III%2C+IV%2C+and+VI+Sources&amp;rft.au=Demirkanli%2C+Deniz+I.&amp;rft.au=Fjeld%2C+Robert+A.&amp;rft.au=Gumapas%2C+Leo&amp;rft.au=Molz%2C+Fred+J.&amp;rft.au=Powell%2C+Brian+A.&amp;rft.au=Serkiz%2C+Steven+M.&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel+I.&amp;rft.aulast=Kaplan&amp;rft.date=2005-12-06&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0013-936X&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&amp;rft.pages=443-448&amp;rft.volume=40&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fes050073o&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span></li></ul></small><small></small><p><small></small>
</p>
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**硝酸鈽 (IV)** 是一種具有強放射性的無機化合物，化學式為 Pu (NO3)4，可以形成水合物。

## 製備

硝酸鈽 (IV) 可由二氧化鈽溶於硝酸得到，從其溶液中可以結晶出正交晶系的五水合物（Pu (NO3)4·5H2O）。

## 性質

硝酸鈽 (IV) 可溶於水和一部分有機溶劑，其水溶液可被磷酸三丁酯萃取。它也能溶於熔融的硝酸鈾醯六水合物，若在體系中加入 1~6 M HNO3，它會歧化為 Pu (III) 和 Pu (VI)，若提高 HNO3 濃度至 10 M 以上，則只會生成配陰離子 [Pu (NO3)6]2−。它在 1.5~7.1 M 的硝酸溶液中，可以 Pu (NO3)n(4−n)+（n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5）的形式存在，7.1 M 以上時，以 [Pu (NO3)6]2−的形式存在，超過 11 M 時，以 H2[Pu(NO3)6] 的形式存在。在鹼性溶液中，它以 PuO2·xH2O 的形式沉澱出來。

它可以被氨基胍硫酸鹽或抗壞血酸還原為 Pu (NO3)3。向其溶液通入臭氧，它可以經 PuO2+ 氧化至 PuO22+。

　
: ${\mathsf {Pu(NO_{3})_{4}+O_{3}+H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ PuO_{2}(NO_{3})_{2}+2HNO_{3}+O_{2}\uparrow }}$

## 參考文獻

## 拓展閱讀

* Balasubramonian, S.; Pandey, N. K.; Subba Rao, R. V. Thermodynamic modeling of Pu(IV) and nitric acid extraction by 1.1 M tri-iso-amyl phosphate in n-dodecane. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2020-08-12, **326** (1): 105–113. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-020-07338-8 （英語）.
* Kaplan, Daniel I.; Demirkanli, Deniz I.; Gumapas, Leo; Powell, Brian A.; Fjeld, Robert A.; Molz, Fred J.; Serkiz, Steven M. Eleven-Year Field Study of Pu Migration from Pu III, IV, and VI Sources. Environmental Science & Technology (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2005-12-06, **40** (2): 443–448. ISSN 0013-936X. doi:10.1021/es050073o （英語）.
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