<p>《<b>麻醉品單一公約</b>》（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs</b></span>）是反對違法麻醉藥物製造和走私的國際條約，它形成全球藥品控制制度的基礎。以前的條約只控制鴉片、古柯和衍生物（如海洛因和古柯鹼）。1961年採用的這一單一公約拓寬了範圍（比如加入了以前不包括在內的大麻，成為世界上第一個禁止大麻的國際條約。但2020年12月7日。大麻從該條約中被移除。），允許控制具有與條約中指定藥品相似影響的任何藥品。麻醉藥品委員會和世界衛生組織得到授權，可以在四個控制物質日程中增加、刪除和移動藥品。國際麻醉藥管制委員會（INCB）負責控制藥品生產、貿易和分配。聯合國藥物管制與預防犯罪辦事廳代表INCB進行日常工作，監督每個國家的狀況，與國家當局協作，保證與該單一公約的一致性。這一條約已由《精神藥物公約》（控制LSD、MDMA和其它改變思維的藥物）和《聯合國禁止非法販運麻醉藥品和精神藥物公約》（加強打擊洗錢和其它與藥品有關的違法行為）做了補充。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span><span id="参考文献">參考文獻</span></h2>

<ul><li>1962/914(XXXIV)D. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961: Preparations for the coming into force.</li>
<li>Bayer, I. and Ghodse, H.: Evolution of International Drug Control, 1945-1995（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.</li>
<li>Beeby, Dean: Health Canada considers abandoning highly potent marijuana strain, Canadian Press, Apr. 20, 2003.</li>
<li>Bush, Bill: An anniversary to regret: 40 years of failure of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.</li>
<li>Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, Sep. 2002.</li>
<li>Commentary on the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.</li>
<li>Controlled Substances Act - U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.</li>
<li>Controls Required by the Single Convention, NORML v. DEA, 559 F.2d 735 (D.C. Cir. 1977).</li>
<li>Convention on Psychotropic Substances.</li>
<li>Drugs policy in the Netherlands （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Ministerie VWS.</li>
<li>Fazey, Cindy: A Growing Market: The Domestic Cultivation of Cannabis （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, National Addiction Centre, 2003.</li>
<li>Fazey, Cindy: The Mechanics and Dynamics of the UN System for International Drug Control, Mar. 14, 2003.</li>
<li>Fazey, Cindy: The UN Conventions.</li>
<li>Fazey, Cindy: The UN Drug Policies and the Prospect for Change, Apr. 2003.</li>
<li>Interview with Dr. Philip O. Emafo, President of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), The Update, Dec. 2002.</li>
<li>McAllister, W.B., <i>Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An international history</i>, pages 10-11, 1999.</li>
<li>McLaughlin, Aideen: Drugs expert warns: cannabis as dangerous to society as heroin, Mar. 13, 2005.</li>
<li>Monthly Status of Treaty Adherence, Jan. 1, 2005.</li>
<li>The Plenipotentiary Conference for the adoption of a Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Bulletin on Narcotics, May 8, 2005.</li>
<li>Provision of Marijuana and Other Compounds For Scientific Research - Recommendations of The National Institute on Drug Abuse National Advisory Council, National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Jan., 1998.</li>
<li>Report Including a Proposal for a Recommendation of the European Parliament to the Council on the Reform of the Conventions on Drugs, Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament, Mar. 24, 2003. <i>HTML version: [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）</i>.</li>
<li>Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2002, E/INCB/2002/1.</li>
<li>Riley, Diane: Drugs and Drug Policy in Canada: A Brief Review &amp; Commentary （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Nov. 1998.</li>
<li>Road to Vienna: British Government Chides International Narcotics Control Board on Cannabis Rescheduling Critique （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Mar. 28, 2003.</li>
<li>The Single Convention and Its Implications for Canadian Cannabis Policy （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Cannabis Control Policy: A Discussion Paper, Health Protection Branch, Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada, Jan. 1979.</li>
<li>Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, International Narcotics Control Board.</li>
<li>Tan, Amy: Singapore death penalty shrouded in silence（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Reuters, Apr. 12, 2002.</li>
<li>The Traffic in Narcotics: An interview with the Hon. Harry J. Anslinger United States Commissioner of Narcotics, Jan. 1, 1954.</li>
<li>United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.</li>
<li>United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Legal Library.</li>
<li>Urquhart, John: Hemp Cultivation Sows High Hopes in Canada, The Wall Street Journal, Apr. 24, 1998.</li>
<li>U.S. and U.N. drug policy directors butt heads over needle exchanges, Associated Press, Mar. 9, 2005.</li></ul>
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《**麻醉品單一公約**》（英語：**Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs**）是反對違法麻醉藥物製造和走私的國際條約，它形成全球藥品控制制度的基礎。以前的條約只控制鴉片、古柯和衍生物（如海洛因和古柯鹼）。1961 年採用的這一單一公約拓寬了範圍（比如加入了以前不包括在內的大麻，成為世界上第一個禁止大麻的國際條約。但 2020 年 12 月 7 日。大麻從該條約中被移除。），允許控制具有與條約中指定藥品相似影響的任何藥品。麻醉藥品委員會和世界衛生組織得到授權，可以在四個控制物質日程中增加、刪除和移動藥品。國際麻醉藥管制委員會（INCB）負責控制藥品生產、貿易和分配。聯合國藥物管制與預防犯罪辦事廳代表 INCB 進行日常工作，監督每個國家的狀況，與國家當局協作，保證與該單一公約的一致性。這一條約已由《精神藥物公約》（控制 LSD、MDMA 和其它改變思維的藥物）和《聯合國禁止非法販運麻醉藥品和精神藥物公約》（加強打擊洗錢和其它與藥品有關的違法行為）做了補充。

## 參考文獻

* 1962/914(XXXIV)D. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961: Preparations for the coming into force.
* Bayer, I. and Ghodse, H.: Evolution of International Drug Control, 1945-1995（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
* Beeby, Dean: Health Canada considers abandoning highly potent marijuana strain, Canadian Press, Apr. 20, 2003.
* Bush, Bill: An anniversary to regret: 40 years of failure of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
* Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, Sep. 2002.
* Commentary on the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
* Controlled Substances Act - U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.
* Controls Required by the Single Convention, NORML v. DEA, 559 F.2d 735 (D.C. Cir. 1977).
* Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
* Drugs policy in the Netherlands （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Ministerie VWS.
* Fazey, Cindy: A Growing Market: The Domestic Cultivation of Cannabis （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, National Addiction Centre, 2003.
* Fazey, Cindy: The Mechanics and Dynamics of the UN System for International Drug Control, Mar. 14, 2003.
* Fazey, Cindy: The UN Conventions.
* Fazey, Cindy: The UN Drug Policies and the Prospect for Change, Apr. 2003.
* Interview with Dr. Philip O. Emafo, President of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), The Update, Dec. 2002.
* McAllister, W.B., _Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An international history_, pages 10-11, 1999.
* McLaughlin, Aideen: Drugs expert warns: cannabis as dangerous to society as heroin, Mar. 13, 2005.
* Monthly Status of Treaty Adherence, Jan. 1, 2005.
* The Plenipotentiary Conference for the adoption of a Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Bulletin on Narcotics, May 8, 2005.
* Provision of Marijuana and Other Compounds For Scientific Research - Recommendations of The National Institute on Drug Abuse National Advisory Council, National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Jan., 1998.
* Report Including a Proposal for a Recommendation of the European Parliament to the Council on the Reform of the Conventions on Drugs, Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament, Mar. 24, 2003. _HTML version: [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）_ .
* Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2002, E/INCB/2002/1.
* Riley, Diane: Drugs and Drug Policy in Canada: A Brief Review & Commentary （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Nov. 1998.
* Road to Vienna: British Government Chides International Narcotics Control Board on Cannabis Rescheduling Critique （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Mar. 28, 2003.
* The Single Convention and Its Implications for Canadian Cannabis Policy （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Cannabis Control Policy: A Discussion Paper, Health Protection Branch, Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada, Jan. 1979.
* Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, International Narcotics Control Board.
* Tan, Amy: Singapore death penalty shrouded in silence（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Reuters, Apr. 12, 2002.
* The Traffic in Narcotics: An interview with the Hon. Harry J. Anslinger United States Commissioner of Narcotics, Jan. 1, 1954.
* United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
* United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Legal Library.
* Urquhart, John: Hemp Cultivation Sows High Hopes in Canada, The Wall Street Journal, Apr. 24, 1998.
* U.S. and U.N. drug policy directors butt heads over needle exchanges, Associated Press, Mar. 9, 2005.
1961年公约