<p><b>氫化鋅</b>（化學式：ZnH<sub>2</sub>）是二價鋅生成的氫化物。
</p>


<h2><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="性质">性質</span></h2>
<p>白色非揮發性固體，貯存時發生分解變灰。可以聚合。有明顯的共價鍵化合物特性。</p><p>蒸汽中存在直線型的 ZnH<sub>2</sub> 分子，鍵長 153.5 pm。</p><p>易被空氣氧化，甚至著火。可以被水分解放出氫氣，遇酸劇烈分解。不溶於乙醚。真空中高於80℃時分解為鋅和氫。在醚中乙硼烷使它轉變為硼氫化鋅（Zn(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>）。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.8F.96"></span><span id="制取">製取</span></h2>
<p>1、在乙醚溶液中，由二甲基鋅和氫化鋁鋰反應，得到白色沉澱，用乙醚洗滌，加熱至50℃，除去乙醚而得。</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ Zn(CH_{3})_{2}\ +\ 2LiAlH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow[{0^{o}C}]{Et_{2}O}}\ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2LiAlH_{3}CH_{3}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ Zn(CH_{3})_{2}\ +\ 2LiAlH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow[{0^{o}C}]{Et_{2}O}}\ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2LiAlH_{3}CH_{3}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>2、碘化鋅與氫化鋁鋰低溫在乙醚中反應而得：
</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2ZnI_{2}\ +\ LiAlH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow[{-40^{o}C}]{Et_{2}O}}\ 2ZnH_{2}\ +\ LiI\ +\ AlI_{3}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2ZnI_{2}\ +\ LiAlH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow[{-40^{o}C}]{Et_{2}O}}\ 2ZnH_{2}\ +\ LiI\ +\ AlI_{3}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>3、由鹼金屬氫化物與鹵化鋅反應製備：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2LiH\ +\ ZnBr_{2}\ \rightarrow \ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2LiBr}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2LiH\ +\ ZnBr_{2}\ \rightarrow \ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2LiBr}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2NaH\ +\ ZnI_{2}\ \rightarrow \ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2NaI}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2NaH\ +\ ZnI_{2}\ \rightarrow \ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2NaI}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>於1947年由 Finholt 等首次製得。 熔融鋅中只能溶解極少量氫，因此從300℃起到鋅的熔點，鋅與氫並不發生直接的反應。</p>
<h2><span id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span><span id="用途">用途</span></h2>
<p>有機合成中用作還原劑。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span><span id="参考资料">參考資料</span></h2>

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**氫化鋅**（化學式：ZnH2）是二價鋅生成的氫化物。

## 性質

白色非揮發性固體，貯存時發生分解變灰。可以聚合。有明顯的共價鍵化合物特性。

蒸汽中存在直線型的 ZnH2 分子，鍵長 153.5 pm。

易被空氣氧化，甚至著火。可以被水分解放出氫氣，遇酸劇烈分解。不溶於乙醚。真空中高於 80℃時分解為鋅和氫。在醚中乙硼烷使它轉變為硼氫化鋅（Zn (BH4)2）。

## 製取

1、在乙醚溶液中，由二甲基鋅和氫化鋁鋰反應，得到白色沉澱，用乙醚洗滌，加熱至 50℃，除去乙醚而得。

　
: ${\rm {\ Zn(CH_{3})_{2}\ +\ 2LiAlH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow[{0^{o}C}]{Et_{2}O}}\ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2LiAlH_{3}CH_{3}}}$

2、碘化鋅與氫化鋁鋰低溫在乙醚中反應而得：

　
: ${\rm {\ 2ZnI_{2}\ +\ LiAlH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow[{-40^{o}C}]{Et_{2}O}}\ 2ZnH_{2}\ +\ LiI\ +\ AlI_{3}}}$

3、由鹼金屬氫化物與鹵化鋅反應製備：

　
: ${\rm {\ 2LiH\ +\ ZnBr_{2}\ \rightarrow \ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2LiBr}}$

　
: ${\rm {\ 2NaH\ +\ ZnI_{2}\ \rightarrow \ ZnH_{2}\ +\ 2NaI}}$

於 1947 年由 Finholt 等首次製得。 熔融鋅中只能溶解極少量氫，因此從 300℃起到鋅的熔點，鋅與氫並不發生直接的反應。

## 用途

有機合成中用作還原劑。

## 參考資料
14018-82-7