<p><b>氧化鈉</b>，化學式<b>Na<sub>2</sub>O</b>，是鈉的正常氧化物，常溫下是白色固體。其性質極活潑，為鹼性氧化物，與水反應生成氫氧化鈉。在空氣中加熱能生成淺黃色的過氧化鈉。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E8.A3.BD.E5.82.99"></span><span id="製備">製備</span></h2>
<p>氧化鈉可由鈉和氧反應製得：
</p><p><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ 4Na+O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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        <mi>O</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ 4Na+O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span>
</p><p>氧化鈉也能直接藉由燃燒鈉而得，但是這樣會產生20%的過氧化鈉：
</p><p><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ 6Na+2O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O+Na_{2}O_{2}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mtext> </mtext>
        <mn>6</mn>
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        <mi>a</mi>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <msub>
          <mi>O</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        </msub>
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        <mi>O</mi>
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        <msub>
          <mi>O</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        </msub>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ 6Na+2O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O+Na_{2}O_{2}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span>
</p><p>將熔融狀態的鈉金屬與硝酸鈉反應，也能製取氧化鈉：
</p><p><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ 10Na+2NaNO_{3}\to 6Na_{2}O+N_{2}\uparrow }">
  <semantics>
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        <mn>10</mn>
        <mi>N</mi>
        <mi>a</mi>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mi>N</mi>
        <mi>a</mi>
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        <msub>
          <mi>O</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>3</mn>
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        <mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ 10Na+2NaNO_{3}\to 6Na_{2}O+N_{2}\uparrow }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span>
</p>
<h2><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span><span id="相關化學反应">相關化學反應</span></h2>
<ul><li>與水反應：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ Na_{2}O+H_{2}O\to 2NaOH}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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          <mi>a</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        </msub>
        <mi>O</mi>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <msub>
          <mi>H</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mi>O</mi>
        <mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mi>N</mi>
        <mi>a</mi>
        <mi>O</mi>
        <mi>H</mi>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ Na_{2}O+H_{2}O\to 2NaOH}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>與酸反應：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ Na_{2}O+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_{2}O}">
  <semantics>
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        <mn>2</mn>
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            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mi>O</mi>
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    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ Na_{2}O+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_{2}O}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>與氧反應：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ 2Na_{2}O+O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O_{2}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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        <msub>
          <mi>a</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mi>O</mi>
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        <msub>
          <mi>O</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mi>N</mi>
        <msub>
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          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        <msub>
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      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ 2Na_{2}O+O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O_{2}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>與二氧化碳反應：</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ Na_{2}O+CO_{2}\to Na_{2}CO_{3}}">
  <semantics>
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            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mi>O</mi>
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        <mi>C</mi>
        <msub>
          <mi>O</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>2</mn>
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        <mi>C</mi>
        <msub>
          <mi>O</mi>
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            <mn>3</mn>
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      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ Na_{2}O+CO_{2}\to Na_{2}CO_{3}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><h2><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span><span id="參見">參見</span></h2>
<ul><li>氧化物</li>
<li>鈉</li>
<li>氧化鈉、過氧化鈉、超氧化鈉、臭氧化鈉</li>
<li>氫氧化鈉</li>
<li>水、氧化鋰、氧化鉀、氧化銣、氧化銫</li></ul>
**氧化鈉**，化學式 **Na2O**，是鈉的正常氧化物，常溫下是白色固體。其性質極活潑，為鹼性氧化物，與水反應生成氫氧化鈉。在空氣中加熱能生成淺黃色的過氧化鈉。

## 製備

氧化鈉可由鈉和氧反應製得：

$$
\ 4Na+O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O
$$

氧化鈉也能直接藉由燃燒鈉而得，但是這樣會產生 20% 的過氧化鈉：

$$
\ 6Na+2O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O+Na_{2}O_{2}
$$

將熔融狀態的鈉金屬與硝酸鈉反應，也能製取氧化鈉：

$$
\ 10Na+2NaNO_{3}\to 6Na_{2}O+N_{2}\uparrow
$$

## 相關化學反應

* 與水反應：

　
: $\ Na_{2}O+H_{2}O\to 2NaOH$

* 與酸反應：

　
: $\ Na_{2}O+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_{2}O$

* 與氧反應：

　
: $\ 2Na_{2}O+O_{2}\to 2Na_{2}O_{2}$

* 與二氧化碳反應：

　
: $\ Na_{2}O+CO_{2}\to Na_{2}CO_{3}$

## 參見

* 氧化物
* 鈉
* 氧化鈉、過氧化鈉、超氧化鈉、臭氧化鈉
* 氫氧化鈉
* 水、氧化鋰、氧化鉀、氧化銣、氧化銫
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