<p><b>過錳酸銨</b>是一種紫色固體，斜方晶系，分子式為NH<sub>4</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub>，可溶於水。過錳酸銨不穩定，在室溫下也會緩慢分解。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<p>過錳酸銨通常利用碳酸銨和過錳酸鋁的複分解反應來製備：</p><p><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {6 KMnO4 + 4 Al2(SO4)3*18 H2O + 6 H2O -&gt; 2 Al(MnO4)3 + 6 KAl(SO4)2*12H2O}}}">
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          <mn>6</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>KMnO</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>4</mn>
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          <mo>+</mo>
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          <msubsup>
            <mtext>Al</mtext>
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          </msubsup>
          <msubsup>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <msubsup>
                <mtext>SO</mtext>
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                  <mn>4</mn>
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                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
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          </msubsup>
          <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
          <mn>18</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>H</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
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          <mtext>O</mtext>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>6</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>H</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
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          </msubsup>
          <mtext>O</mtext>
          <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <mtext>Al</mtext>
          <msubsup>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <msubsup>
                <mtext>MnO</mtext>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mn>4</mn>
                </mrow>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
                </mrow>
              </msubsup>
              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>6</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <mtext>KAl</mtext>
          <msubsup>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <msubsup>
                <mtext>SO</mtext>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mn>4</mn>
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                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
                </mrow>
              </msubsup>
              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
          <mn>12</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>H</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
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          </msubsup>
          <mtext>O</mtext>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {6 KMnO4 + 4 Al2(SO4)3*18 H2O + 6 H2O -&gt; 2 Al(MnO4)3 + 6 KAl(SO4)2*12H2O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span>
</p><p><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2 Al(MnO4)3 + 3 (NH4)2CO3 + 3 H2O -&gt; 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 CO2 ^ + 6 NH4MnO4}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <mtext>Al</mtext>
          <msubsup>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <msubsup>
                <mtext>MnO</mtext>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mn>4</mn>
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                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
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              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
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              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
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          <mo>+</mo>
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          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <msubsup>
                <mtext>NH</mtext>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mn>4</mn>
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                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
                </mrow>
              </msubsup>
              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>CO</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>3</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>H</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mtext>O</mtext>
          <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <mtext>Al</mtext>
          <msubsup>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <mtext>OH</mtext>
              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>3</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>CO</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mo stretchy="false">↑<!-- ↑ --></mo>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>6</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>NH</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>4</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>MnO</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>4</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2 Al(MnO4)3 + 3 (NH4)2CO3 + 3 H2O -&gt; 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 CO2 ^ + 6 NH4MnO4}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span>
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="化学性质">化學性質</span></h2>
<p>過錳酸銨受熱爆炸性分解，產生二氧化錳、氮氣和水：
</p>
<ul><li><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2 NH4MnO4 -&gt;[{△}] 2 MnO2 + N2 ^ + 4 H2O}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>NH</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>4</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>MnO</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>4</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL">
            <mover>
              <mo>→</mo>
              <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mo>△</mo>
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              </mpadded>
            </mover>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>MnO</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>N</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
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            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
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          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mo stretchy="false">↑<!-- ↑ --></mo>
          </mrow>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>4</mn>
          <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
          <msubsup>
            <mtext>H</mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
            </mrow>
          </msubsup>
          <mtext>O</mtext>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2 NH4MnO4 -&gt;[{△}] 2 MnO2 + N2 ^ + 4 H2O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></li></ul><p>其受熱分解的產物複雜，還會有一氧化氮、二氧化氮等。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span><span id="参考资料">參考資料</span></h2>
**過錳酸銨**是一種紫色固體，斜方晶系，分子式為 NH4MnO4，可溶於水。過錳酸銨不穩定，在室溫下也會緩慢分解。

## 製備

過錳酸銨通常利用碳酸銨和過錳酸鋁的複分解反應來製備：

$$
{\ce {6 KMnO4 + 4 Al2(SO4)3*18 H2O + 6 H2O -> 2 Al(MnO4)3 + 6 KAl(SO4)2*12H2O}}
$$

$$
{\ce {2 Al(MnO4)3 + 3 (NH4)2CO3 + 3 H2O -> 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 CO2 ^ + 6 NH4MnO4}}
$$

## 化學性質

過錳酸銨受熱爆炸性分解，產生二氧化錳、氮氣和水：

 * ${\ce {2 NH4MnO4 ->[{△}] 2 MnO2 + N2 ^ + 4 H2O}}$

其受熱分解的產物複雜，還會有一氧化氮、二氧化氮等。

## 參考資料
13446-10-1