<p><b>二碘化鍺</b>是鍺的一種碘化物，化學式 GeI<sub>2</sub>。
</p>


<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<p>二碘化鍺可以由四碘化鍺在氫碘酸和次磷酸和水反應而成。</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {GeI_{4}+H_{2}O+H_{3}PO_{2}\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{3}PO_{3}+2\ HI} }">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>4</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mtext> </mtext>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {GeI_{4}+H_{2}O+H_{3}PO_{2}\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{3}PO_{3}+2\ HI} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>它也可以由一硫化鍺或一氧化鍺和碘化氫反應1而成。它也可以由鍺和碘在 200 – 400 °C下直接反應而成。</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {GeO+2\ HI\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{2}O} }">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mtext> </mtext>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
          <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {GeO+2\ HI\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{2}O} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {GeS+2\ HI\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{2}S} }">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
          <mtext> </mtext>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
          <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {GeS+2\ HI\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{2}S} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>二碘化鍺也可以這樣製備：</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HGeCl_{3}+3\ HI\longrightarrow HGeI_{3}+HCl} }">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mn>3</mn>
          <mtext> </mtext>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
          <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {HGeCl_{3}+3\ HI\longrightarrow HGeI_{3}+HCl} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HGeI_{3}\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+HI} }">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>3</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
          <msub>
            <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mn>2</mn>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {HGeI_{3}\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+HI} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><h2><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="性质">性質</span></h2>
<p>二碘化鍺是一種黃色晶體，在濕氣中會緩慢水解成二氫氧化鍺。它不溶於碳氫化合物，微溶於氯仿和四氯化碳。它是碘化鎘結構的，晶格參數 a = 413 pm和c = 679 pm。它在 550 °C 下歧化成鍺和四碘化鍺。</p>
<h2><span id=".E7.94.A8.E5.A4.84"></span><span id="用处">用處</span></h2>
<p>二碘化鍺可以和卡賓反應，形成穩定的化合物。它還用於電子工業，通過歧化反應外延生產鍺層。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span><span id="参考资料">參考資料</span></h2>
**二碘化鍺**是鍺的一種碘化物，化學式 GeI2。

## 製備

二碘化鍺可以由四碘化鍺在氫碘酸和次磷酸和水反應而成。

　
: $\mathrm {GeI_{4}+H_{2}O+H_{3}PO_{2}\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{3}PO_{3}+2\ HI} $

它也可以由一硫化鍺或一氧化鍺和碘化氫反應 1 而成。它也可以由鍺和碘在 200 – 400 °C 下直接反應而成。

　
: $\mathrm {GeO+2\ HI\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{2}O} $

　
: $\mathrm {GeS+2\ HI\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+H_{2}S} $

二碘化鍺也可以這樣製備：

　
: $\mathrm {HGeCl_{3}+3\ HI\longrightarrow HGeI_{3}+HCl} $

　
: $\mathrm {HGeI_{3}\longrightarrow GeI_{2}+HI} $

## 性質

二碘化鍺是一種黃色晶體，在濕氣中會緩慢水解成二氫氧化鍺。它不溶於碳氫化合物，微溶於氯仿和四氯化碳。它是碘化鎘結構的，晶格參數 a = 413 pm 和 c = 679 pm。它在 550 °C 下歧化成鍺和四碘化鍺。

## 用處

二碘化鍺可以和卡賓反應，形成穩定的化合物。它還用於電子工業，通過歧化反應外延生產鍺層。

## 參考資料
13573-08-5