<p><b>碳化鉿</b>（HfC）是鉿和碳的化合物。它的熔點大約為3900 °C，是已知最難冶的二元化合物之一。然而，它不抗氧化，氧化開始時的溫度最低能到430 °C。
</p><p>碳化鉿常有碳空缺，因此它的組成常表示為HfC<sub>x</sub>（x = 0.5至1.0）。它具有立方（岩鹽）晶體結構，x可為任意值。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<p>加熱粉末狀鉿和碳（煤粉）。
</p>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Hf+C\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ HfC}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">f</mi>
            <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <mtext mathvariant="sans-serif"> </mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mover>
                <mo>→</mo>
                <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
                  <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">T</mi>
                </mpadded>
              </mover>
            </mrow>
            <mtext mathvariant="sans-serif"> </mtext>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">f</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Hf+C\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ HfC}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><p>在1800至2000℃用碳將二氧化鉿還原可獲得碳化鉿粉末。需要較長處理時間以除去所有的氧。
</p>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {HfO_{2}+3C\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ HfC+2CO}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">f</mi>
            <msub>
              <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
            <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo>
            <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">3</mn>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <mtext mathvariant="sans-serif"> </mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mover>
                <mo>→</mo>
                <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
                  <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">T</mi>
                </mpadded>
              </mover>
            </mrow>
            <mtext mathvariant="sans-serif"> </mtext>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">f</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo>
            <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">O</mi>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {HfO_{2}+3C\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ HfC+2CO}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><p>將甲烷、氣化四氯化鉿和氫氣（催化劑）的混合氣通過加熱的鎢絲。使用化學氣相沉積法可得到高純度的HfC塗層。
</p>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {HfCl_{4}+CH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {T,H_{2}}}\ HfC+4HCl}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">f</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <msub>
              <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
            <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <msub>
              <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
            <mtext mathvariant="sans-serif"> </mtext>
            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
              <mover>
                <mo>→</mo>
                <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
                  <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">T</mi>
                  <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">,</mo>
                  <msub>
                    <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
                    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                      <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">2</mn>
                    </mrow>
                  </msub>
                </mpadded>
              </mover>
            </mrow>
            <mtext mathvariant="sans-serif"> </mtext>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">f</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <mo mathvariant="sans-serif">+</mo>
            <mn mathvariant="sans-serif">4</mn>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">H</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">C</mi>
            <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">l</mi>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {HfCl_{4}+CH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {T,H_{2}}}\ HfC+4HCl}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><h2><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="物理性质">物理性質</span></h2>
<p>儘管性質獨特，如高硬度（&gt;9莫氏硬度）和高熔點，但由於技術複雜、合成成本高，HfC應用非常有限。
</p><p>x≤0.8時，HfC<sub>x</sub>表現順磁性，x變大則呈現抗磁性。在TaC<sub>x</sub>中觀察到了相反的行為（隨著x增加向順磁轉變），儘管其晶體結構與HfC<sub>x</sub>相同。</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span><span id="参考">參考</span></h2>

<ul><li><span lang="ru">Физические величины. под ред. Григорьева И. С., Мейлихова Е. З., М.:Энергоаvolumeиздат</span>, 1991 с. 102, 293, 358</li>
<li><span lang="ru">Химический энциклопедический словарь. под ред. Кнунянц И. Л., М.: Советсткая энциклопедия</span>, 1983 с. 121</li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ru">Химическая энциклопедия </span> <b>1</b>. 1988: 623.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AA&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=623&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ru"> Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. </span> (編). <span lang="ru">Справочник химика</span> <b>1</b> <span lang="ru"> 2-е изд., испр</span>. <span lang="ru">М.-Л.</span>: <span lang="ru">Химия</span>. 1966: 1072.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AA&amp;rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB.%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%91.%D0%9F.+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.+%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.edition=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B+2-%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4.%2C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=1072&amp;rft.place=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%9C.-%D0%9B.%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ru">Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. </span> (編). <span lang="ru">Справочник химика</span> <b>2</b> <span lang="ru">3-е изд., испр</span>. <span lang="ru">Л.</span>: <span lang="ru">Химия</span>. 1971: 1168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AA&amp;rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB.%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%91.%D0%9F.+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80.+%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.edition=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B3-%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4.%2C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=1168&amp;rft.place=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%9B.%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><span lang="ru">Рипан Р., Четяну И.</span>. <span lang="ru">Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов</span> <b>2</b>. <span lang="ru"> М.</span>: <span lang="ru"> Мир</span>. 1972: 871.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AA&amp;rft.au=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A0.%2C+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%98.%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=871&amp;rft.place=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B+%D0%9C.%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E-%7B+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span></li></ul>
**碳化鉿**（HfC）是鉿和碳的化合物。它的熔點大約為 3900 °C，是已知最難冶的二元化合物之一。然而，它不抗氧化，氧化開始時的溫度最低能到 430 °C。

碳化鉿常有碳空缺，因此它的組成常表示為 HfCx（x = 0.5 至 1.0）。它具有立方（岩鹽）晶體結構，x 可為任意值。

## 製備

加熱粉末狀鉿和碳（煤粉）。

　
: : ${\mathsf {Hf+C\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ HfC}}$

在 1800 至 2000℃用碳將二氧化鉿還原可獲得碳化鉿粉末。需要較長處理時間以除去所有的氧。

　
: : ${\mathsf {HfO_{2}+3C\ {\xrightarrow {T}}\ HfC+2CO}}$

將甲烷、氣化四氯化鉿和氫氣（催化劑）的混合氣通過加熱的鎢絲。使用化學氣相沉積法可得到高純度的 HfC 塗層。

　
: : ${\mathsf {HfCl_{4}+CH_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {T,H_{2}}}\ HfC+4HCl}}$

## 物理性質

儘管性質獨特，如高硬度（>9 莫氏硬度）和高熔點，但由於技術複雜、合成成本高，HfC 應用非常有限。

x≤0.8 時，HfCx 表現順磁性，x 變大則呈現抗磁性。在 TaCx 中觀察到了相反的行為（隨著 x 增加向順磁轉變），儘管其晶體結構與 HfCx 相同。

## 參考

* Физические величины. под ред. Григорьева И. С., Мейлихова Е. З., М.:Энергоаvolumeиздат, 1991 с. 102, 293, 358
* Химический энциклопедический словарь. под ред. Кнунянц И. Л., М.: Советсткая энциклопедия, 1983 с. 121
* Химическая энциклопедия **1**. 1988: 623.
* Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (編). Справочник химика **1** 2-е изд., испр. М.-Л.: Химия. 1966: 1072.
* Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (編). Справочник химика **2** 3-е изд., испр. Л.: Химия. 1971: 1168.
* Рипан Р., Четяну И.. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов **2**. М.: Мир. 1972: 871.
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