<p><b>過氧化鈣</b>，又名<b>二氧化鈣</b>，食品添加劑E編號為E930，是一種化合物，化學式CaO<sub>2</sub>。本身無毒，常溫下白色或淡黃色，乾燥條件下穩定，極微溶於水，但遇水分解生成氧氣。
</p>


<h2><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="性质">性質</span></h2>
<p>常溫下，過氧化鈣為白色無氣味結晶性粉末，幾乎無味道，屬斜方晶系結構，空間群為Pna21。極微溶於水；不溶於乙醇、乙醚和丙酮；過氧化鈣為強氧化劑，遇水或露置於濕空氣中時能分解為熟石灰和過氧化氫並進一步放出氧氣。其與稀酸反應也能生成過氧化氫。
</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaO_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaO_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}}}}</annotation>
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<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2H_{2}O_{2}\rightarrow 2H_{2}O+O_{2}\uparrow }}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2H_{2}O_{2}\rightarrow 2H_{2}O+O_{2}\uparrow }}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>其八水合物熱至130℃時失去結晶水，加熱至300℃時逐步分解為氧化鈣。
</p>
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2CaO_{2}\rightarrow 2CaO+O_{2}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ 2CaO_{2}\rightarrow 2CaO+O_{2}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><p>過氧化鈣具有刺激性，長期接觸將腐蝕皮膚、眼部和咽喉，且可能刺激肺臟導致咳嗽和肺水腫，嚴重時可能導致死亡。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A.E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="工业制备">工業製備</span></h2>
<ol><li>由氯化鈣固體、過氧化氫與氨水進行反應，冷卻至0～5℃靜置，抽濾，可得八水合過氧化鈣結晶。再於150～200℃脫水乾燥，得到過氧化鈣成品。
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaCl_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+2NH_{3}+8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O+2NH_{4}Cl}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaCl_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+2NH_{3}+8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O+2NH_{4}Cl}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></li>
<li>將氫氧化鈣、氯化銨與水混合液冷卻至0～5℃，在攪拌下加入過氧化氫進行反應，保持溫度在0～5℃。反應後，經固液分離得八水過氧化鈣結晶。再經脫水乾燥，得過氧化鈣成品。
<dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+6H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+6H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
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<li>將氫氧化鈉加入電解裝置，通入空氣和水。在鹼性條件下，空氣中的氧和水在特製的陰極上直接還原得過氧化氫，然後加入氫氧化鈣進行反應製得產品過氧化鈣。
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<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+6H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\rm {\ Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+6H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}}">
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  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></li></ol><h2><span id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span><span id="用途">用途</span></h2>
<p>過氧化鈣本身不污染環境，用作殺菌劑、消毒除臭劑、防腐劑、發酵劑、漂白劑、解酸劑、廢水處理劑、制氧劑，以及食品、化妝品、塗料和牙粉的添加劑等。
</p><p>過氧化鈣還可以用於麵粉改良與漂白，惟於2011年3月1日，中華人民共和國衛生部、工業和信息化部聯合發布公告，因麵粉生產工藝不再需要過氧化鈣漂白，故自當年5月1日起禁止生產和添加作為食品添加劑用途的過氧化鈣。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span><span id="参考资料">參考資料</span></h2>

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**過氧化鈣**，又名**二氧化鈣**，食品添加劑 E 編號為 E930，是一種化合物，化學式 CaO2。本身無毒，常溫下白色或淡黃色，乾燥條件下穩定，極微溶於水，但遇水分解生成氧氣。

## 性質

常溫下，過氧化鈣為白色無氣味結晶性粉末，幾乎無味道，屬斜方晶系結構，空間群為 Pna21。極微溶於水；不溶於乙醇、乙醚和丙酮；過氧化鈣為強氧化劑，遇水或露置於濕空氣中時能分解為熟石灰和過氧化氫並進一步放出氧氣。其與稀酸反應也能生成過氧化氫。

　
: ${\rm {\ CaO_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}}}$

　
: ${\rm {\ 2H_{2}O_{2}\rightarrow 2H_{2}O+O_{2}\uparrow }}$

其八水合物熱至 130℃時失去結晶水，加熱至 300℃時逐步分解為氧化鈣。

　
: ${\rm {\ 2CaO_{2}\rightarrow 2CaO+O_{2}}}$

過氧化鈣具有刺激性，長期接觸將腐蝕皮膚、眼部和咽喉，且可能刺激肺臟導致咳嗽和肺水腫，嚴重時可能導致死亡。

## 工業製備

1. 由氯化鈣固體、過氧化氫與氨水進行反應，冷卻至 0～5℃靜置，抽濾，可得八水合過氧化鈣結晶。再於 150～200℃脫水乾燥，得到過氧化鈣成品。

　
: ${\rm {\ CaCl_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+2NH_{3}+8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O+2NH_{4}Cl}}$

　
: ${\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}$
2. 將氫氧化鈣、氯化銨與水混合液冷卻至 0～5℃，在攪拌下加入過氧化氫進行反應，保持溫度在 0～5℃。反應後，經固液分離得八水過氧化鈣結晶。再經脫水乾燥，得過氧化鈣成品。

　
: ${\rm {\ Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+6H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O}}$

　
: ${\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}$
3. 將氫氧化鈉加入電解裝置，通入空氣和水。在鹼性條件下，空氣中的氧和水在特製的陰極上直接還原得過氧化氫，然後加入氫氧化鈣進行反應製得產品過氧化鈣。

　
: ${\rm {\ O_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow 2H_{2}O_{2}}}$

　
: ${\rm {\ Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}O_{2}+6H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O}}$

　
: ${\rm {\ CaO_{2}\cdot 8H_{2}O\rightarrow CaO_{2}+8H_{2}O}}$

## 用途

過氧化鈣本身不污染環境，用作殺菌劑、消毒除臭劑、防腐劑、發酵劑、漂白劑、解酸劑、廢水處理劑、制氧劑，以及食品、化妝品、塗料和牙粉的添加劑等。

過氧化鈣還可以用於麵粉改良與漂白，惟於 2011 年 3 月 1 日，中華人民共和國衛生部、工業和信息化部聯合發布公告，因麵粉生產工藝不再需要過氧化鈣漂白，故自當年 5 月 1 日起禁止生產和添加作為食品添加劑用途的過氧化鈣。

## 參考資料
1305-79-9