<p><b>硝酸鈀</b>是一種無機化合物，化學式為Pd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>，是鈀形成的硝酸鹽之一。該物質存在無水物和二水合物，這兩種物質都是褐色的固體。</p>


<h2><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="性质">性質</span></h2>
<h3><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="物理性质">物理性質</span></h3>
<p>硝酸鈀在常溫下為褐色晶體，易溶於水和稀硝酸，溶液呈紅褐色。在水中會發生水解。</p>
<h3><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span><span id="化学性质">化學性質</span></h3>
<p>硝酸鈀在常溫下較穩定，受熱易分解。具有強氧化性。
</p><p>主要反應：
</p>
<ul><li>分解反應（受熱分解產生氧化鈀和二氧化氮）：</li></ul><dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Pd(NO_{3})_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {350^{o}C}}\ 2PdO+4NO_{2}\uparrow +O_{2}\uparrow }}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {2Pd(NO_{3})_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {350^{o}C}}\ 2PdO+4NO_{2}\uparrow +O_{2}\uparrow }}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><ul><li>水解反應（產物與條件有關）：</li></ul><dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Pd(NO_{3})OH\downarrow +HNO_{3}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Pd(NO_{3})OH\downarrow +HNO_{3}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd>
<dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ Pd(OH)_{2}\downarrow +2HNO_{3}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ Pd(OH)_{2}\downarrow +2HNO_{3}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><ul><li>與酸反應（與濃鹽酸反應產生氯鈀酸和硝酸）：</li></ul><dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+4HCl\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ H_{2}[PdCl_{4}]+2HNO_{3}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+4HCl\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ H_{2}[PdCl_{4}]+2HNO_{3}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><ul><li>與鹼反應（與濃氫氧化鈉反應可結晶生成氧化鈀。）：</li></ul><dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+2NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Pd(OH)_{2}\downarrow +2NaNO_{3}}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+2NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Pd(OH)_{2}\downarrow +2NaNO_{3}}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><ul><li>與氨水反應生成氨絡物：</li></ul><dl><dd><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+6(NH_{3}\cdot H_{2}O)\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ [Pd(NH_{3})_{6}](NO_{3})_{2}+6H_{2}O}}}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+6(NH_{3}\cdot H_{2}O)\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ [Pd(NH_{3})_{6}](NO_{3})_{2}+6H_{2}O}}}</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl></dd></dl><h2><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span><span id="制备">製備</span></h2>
<ul><li>硝酸鈀可由氧化鈀水合物和稀硝酸反應得到。</li></ul><dl><dd><span><span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {PdO\ +\ 2\ HNO_{3}\longrightarrow \ Pd(NO_{3})_{2}\ +\ H_{2}O} }">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {PdO\ +\ 2\ HNO_{3}\longrightarrow \ Pd(NO_{3})_{2}\ +\ H_{2}O} }</annotation>
  </semantics></math></span></span></dd></dl><ul><li>將鈀溶於熱的濃硝酸，經過過濾、濃縮、結晶、分離等一系列操作後也可以製得硝酸鈀。</li></ul><h2><span id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span><span id="用途">用途</span></h2>
<p>用為催化劑，使烯烴轉化為二硝基酯。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span><span id="参考资料">參考資料</span></h2>
**硝酸鈀**是一種無機化合物，化學式為 Pd (NO3)2，是鈀形成的硝酸鹽之一。該物質存在無水物和二水合物，這兩種物質都是褐色的固體。

## 性質

### 物理性質

硝酸鈀在常溫下為褐色晶體，易溶於水和稀硝酸，溶液呈紅褐色。在水中會發生水解。

### 化學性質

硝酸鈀在常溫下較穩定，受熱易分解。具有強氧化性。

主要反應：

* 分解反應（受熱分解產生氧化鈀和二氧化氮）：

　
: : ${\mathsf {2Pd(NO_{3})_{2}\ {\xrightarrow {350^{o}C}}\ 2PdO+4NO_{2}\uparrow +O_{2}\uparrow }}$

* 水解反應（產物與條件有關）：

　
: : ${\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Pd(NO_{3})OH\downarrow +HNO_{3}}}$

　
: ${\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {100^{o}C}}\ Pd(OH)_{2}\downarrow +2HNO_{3}}}$

* 與酸反應（與濃鹽酸反應產生氯鈀酸和硝酸）：

　
: : ${\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+4HCl\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ H_{2}[PdCl_{4}]+2HNO_{3}}}$

* 與鹼反應（與濃氫氧化鈉反應可結晶生成氧化鈀。）：

　
: : ${\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+2NaOH\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Pd(OH)_{2}\downarrow +2NaNO_{3}}}$

* 與氨水反應生成氨絡物：

　
: : ${\mathsf {Pd(NO_{3})_{2}+6(NH_{3}\cdot H_{2}O)\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ [Pd(NH_{3})_{6}](NO_{3})_{2}+6H_{2}O}}$

## 製備

* 硝酸鈀可由氧化鈀水合物和稀硝酸反應得到。

　
: $\mathrm {PdO\ +\ 2\ HNO_{3}\longrightarrow \ Pd(NO_{3})_{2}\ +\ H_{2}O} $

* 將鈀溶於熱的濃硝酸，經過過濾、濃縮、結晶、分離等一系列操作後也可以製得硝酸鈀。

## 用途

用為催化劑，使烯烴轉化為二硝基酯。

## 參考資料
10102-05-3