Title: Boosting Discriminative Visual Representation Learning with Scenario-Agnostic Mixup. Abstract: Mixup is a popular data-dependent augmentation technique for deep neural networks, which contains two sub-tasks, mixup generation, and classification. The community typically confines mixup to supervised learning (SL) and the objective of the generation sub-task is fixed to selected sample pair instead of considering the whole data manifold. To overcome such limitations, we systematically study the mixup generation objective and propose Scenario-Agnostic Mixup for both SL and Self-supervised Learning (SSL) scenarios, named SAMix. Specifically, we hypothesize and verify the objective function of mixup generation as optimizing local smoothness between two mixed classes subject to global discrimination from other classes. Therefore, we propose η-balanced mixup loss for complementary learning of the two sub-objectives. Meanwhile, we parameterize the generation sub-task as a learnable sub-network, Mixer, with mixing attention which avoids trivial solutions and improves transferable abilities. To eliminate the computational cost of online training, we introduce a pre-trained version, SAMixP , that achieves efficient performance in various tasks. Extensive experiments on SL and SSL benchmarks demonstrate that SAMix consistently outperforms leading methods.