Title: Improving Aspect Ratio Distribution Fairness in Detector Pretraining via Cooperating RPN’s. Abstract: Region proposal networks (RPN) are a key component of modern object detectors. An RPN identifies image boxes likely to contain objects, and so worth further investigation.  An RPN false negative is unrecoverable, so the performance of an object detector can be significantly affected by RPN behavior, particularly in low-data regimes. The RPN for a few shot detector is trained on base classes.  Our experiments demonstrate that, if the distribution of box aspect ratios for base classes is different from that for novel classes, errors caused by RPN failure to propose a good box become significant.  This is predictable: for example, an RPN trained on base classes that are mostly square will tend to miss short wide boxes.  It has not been noticed to date because the (relatively few) standard base/novel class splits on current datasets do not display this effect. But changing the base/novel split highlights the problem. We describe datasets where the distribution shift is severe using PASCAL VOC, COCO, and LVIS datasets.
We show that the effect can be mitigated by training multiple distinct but cooperating specialized RPNs.  Each specializes in a different aspect ratio, but cooperation constraints reduce the extent to which the RPNs are tuned. This means that if a box is missed by one RPN, it has a good chance of being picked up by another.  Experimental evaluation confirms this approach results in substantial improvements in performance on the ARShift benchmarks, while remaining comparable to SOTA on conventional splits.  Our approach applies to any few-shot detector and consistently improves performance of detectors.