China has the largest population in the world, with rapid economic growth that could soon rival the USA as the world’s largest economy. According to official sources, China has seen declining birth rates in recent years ̶ the fertility rate in 2020 hit a record low of 1.35 ̶ meaning that for every woman, only an average of 1.35 children are born. As in other countries, the declining birth rates have raised speculations that population decline and aging could threaten the country’s growth and future prosperity. In response, the Central government has introduced a three-child policy and some local governments have begun introducing incentives for larger families.