Further information: Fascism and ideology Background and 19th-century roots Georges Valois, founder of the first non-Italian fascist party Faisceau,[83] claimed the roots of fascism stemmed from the late 18th century Jacobin movement, seeing in its totalitarian nature a foreshadowing of the fascist state.[84] Historian George Mosse similarly analyzed fascism as an inheritor of the mass ideology and civil religion of the French Revolution, as well as a result of the brutalization of societies in 1914–1918.[84]