Teachers’ view on learning and teaching affect their pedagogical approaches, and also influence their adoption of learning and teaching strategies. Learning and teaching strategies can be classified into three categories according to three corresponding views: (i) Teaching as ‘Direct Instruction’, learning as a ‘Product’; (ii) Teaching as ‘Enquiry’, learning as a ‘Process’; and (iii) Learning and teaching as ‘Co-construction’ (For concrete explanation, please see Table 4.3).