1, analysis learner characteristics. First, the general characteristics of learners, such as the learner's age, gender, place to live, basic skills (such as reading, listening and speaking ability), religion, etc.; The second is the motivation of learners; 3 is to study factors, learners learn beliefs, learning styles, study skills and conduct self-learning experience; four and academic background, the learner has prior knowledge related to personal interests, what are the wrong concepts and is incompatible with the disciplines of learning.