Several more examples of chiral molecules are shown below. Check for yourself that the labeled carbons are chirality centers. You might note that carbons in $-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-,-\mathrm{CH}_{3}, \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}$, and $\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}$ groups can't be chirality centers. (Why not?)
<img class="imgSvg" id = "m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg id="smiles-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 226 123.83938652028931" style="width: 225.749957683597px; height: 123.83938652028931px; overflow: visible;"><defs><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-1" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="165.54481578140212" y1="46.862374714206425" x2="181.2947734650499" y2="19.582550063683023"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-3" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="170.45518421849636" y1="49.697367097263026" x2="186.20514190214413" y2="22.417542446739624"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-5" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="167.99999999994924" y1="48.279870905734725" x2="183.74990871045915" y2="75.55972383075256"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-7" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="136.49999999996194" y1="48.279842631120346" x2="167.99999999994924" y2="48.279870905734725"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-9" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="120.74997551343395" y1="75.55962871301199" x2="136.49999999996194" y2="48.279842631120346"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-11" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="120.75002448650255" y1="21.000028274614323" x2="136.49999999996194" y2="48.279842631120346"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-13" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="89.24997551344667" y1="75.55960043839767" x2="120.74997551343395" y2="75.55962871301199"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-15" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="89.25002448651526" y1="21" x2="120.75002448650255" y2="21.000028274614323"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-17" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="73.49999999998731" y1="48.27978608189167" x2="89.24997551344667" y2="75.55960043839767"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-19" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="71.04477027954847" y1="101.4218843165018" x2="86.79479476607642" y2="74.14209823461015"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-21" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="75.95513177428897" y1="104.25688872407682" x2="91.70515626081692" y2="76.97710264218519"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-23" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="79.9853639433806" y1="48.38681188127754" x2="92.58538353260298" y2="26.56298301576419"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-25" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="73.49999999998731" y1="48.27978608189167" x2="89.25002448651526" y2="21"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-27" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="42" y1="48.279757807277335" x2="73.49999999998731" y2="48.27978608189167"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient></defs><mask id="text-mask-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re"><rect x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" fill="white"></rect><circle cx="73.49995102691872" cy="102.83938652028931" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle></mask><style>
                .element-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re {
                    font: 14px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                    alignment-baseline: 'middle';
                }
                .sub-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re {
                    font: 8.4px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                }
            </style><g mask="url(#text-mask-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re)"><line x1="165.54481578140212" y1="46.862374714206425" x2="181.2947734650499" y2="19.582550063683023" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-1')"></line><line x1="170.45518421849636" y1="49.697367097263026" x2="186.20514190214413" y2="22.417542446739624" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-3')"></line><line x1="167.99999999994924" y1="48.279870905734725" x2="183.74990871045915" y2="75.55972383075256" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-5')"></line><line x1="136.49999999996194" y1="48.279842631120346" x2="167.99999999994924" y2="48.279870905734725" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-7')"></line><line x1="120.74997551343395" y1="75.55962871301199" x2="136.49999999996194" y2="48.279842631120346" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-9')"></line><line x1="120.75002448650255" y1="21.000028274614323" x2="136.49999999996194" y2="48.279842631120346" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-11')"></line><line x1="89.24997551344667" y1="75.55960043839767" x2="120.74997551343395" y2="75.55962871301199" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-13')"></line><line x1="89.25002448651526" y1="21" x2="120.75002448650255" y2="21.000028274614323" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-15')"></line><line x1="73.49999999998731" y1="48.27978608189167" x2="89.24997551344667" y2="75.55960043839767" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-17')"></line><line x1="71.04477027954847" y1="101.4218843165018" x2="86.79479476607642" y2="74.14209823461015" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-19')"></line><line x1="75.95513177428897" y1="104.25688872407682" x2="91.70515626081692" y2="76.97710264218519" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-21')"></line><line x1="79.9853639433806" y1="48.38681188127754" x2="92.58538353260298" y2="26.56298301576419" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-23')"></line><line x1="73.49999999998731" y1="48.27978608189167" x2="89.25002448651526" y2="21" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-25')"></line><line x1="42" y1="48.279757807277335" x2="73.49999999998731" y2="48.27978608189167" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re-27')"></line></g><g><text x="183.74995768359702" y="21.000046255211323" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="167.99999999994924" y="48.279870905734725" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="183.74990871045915" y="75.55972383075256" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="136.49999999996194" y="48.279842631120346" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="120.75002448650255" y="21.000028274614323" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="89.25002448651526" y="21" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="73.49999999998731" y="48.27978608189167" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="42" y="48.279757807277335" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="89.24997551344667" y="75.55960043839767" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="68.24995102691872" y="108.08938652028931" class="element-m6sn3mpkjfd3pp2re" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="73.49995102691872" y="102.83938652028931" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="120.74997551343395" y="75.55962871301199" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text></g></svg>"/>

Carvone (spearmint oil)
<img class="imgSvg" id = "m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg id="smiles-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 279 175.10861160696618" style="width: 279.4807076256593px; height: 175.10861160696618px; overflow: visible;"><defs><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-1" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="199.61851265419946" y1="21.492298167544725" x2="205.0884922935853" y2="52.51373144753204"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-3" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="205.20237064459715" y1="20.507701832455275" x2="210.67235028398298" y2="51.5291351124426"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-5" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="207.88042128878413" y1="52.02143327998732" x2="237.4807076256593" y2="62.795153564782225"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-7" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="183.75001224325285" y1="72.26923215530569" x2="207.88042128878413" y2="52.02143327998732"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-9" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="183.75001224325285" y1="72.26923215530569" x2="207.88040311421236" y2="92.51705269023522"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-11" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="167.99999999998732" y1="99.54902530585916" x2="183.75001224325285" y2="72.26923215530569"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-13" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="168.00002448652162" y1="44.98942486744504" x2="183.75001224325285" y2="72.26923215530569"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-15" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="136.4999999999905" y1="99.54901116855201" x2="167.99999999998732" y2="99.54902530585916"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-17" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="136.50002448652475" y1="44.98941073013786" x2="168.00002448652162" y2="44.98942486744504"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-19" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="120.74998775672492" y1="126.82880431910549" x2="136.4999999999905" y2="99.54901116855201"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-21" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="120.75001224325922" y1="72.26920388069136" x2="136.4999999999905" y2="99.54901116855201"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-23" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="136.4999999999905" y1="99.54901116855201" x2="152.24998775672177" y2="126.82881845641266"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-25" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="120.75001224325922" y1="72.26920388069136" x2="136.50002448652475" y2="44.98941073013786"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-27" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="89.2499877567281" y1="126.82879018179834" x2="120.74998775672492" y2="126.82880431910549"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-29" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="120.74998775672492" y1="126.82880431910549" x2="136.49997551345618" y2="154.10861160696618"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-31" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="92.40000969854677" y1="77.93919115711437" x2="117.60000969854426" y2="77.93920246696008"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-33" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="89.25001224326238" y1="72.26918974338422" x2="120.75001224325922" y2="72.26920388069136"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-35" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="73.49999999999682" y1="99.54898289393769" x2="89.2499877567281" y2="126.82879018179834"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-37" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="73.49999999999682" y1="99.54898289393769" x2="89.25001224326238" y2="72.26918974338422"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-39" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="42.00000127235764" y1="96.71396875663082" x2="73.50000127235447" y2="96.71398289393797"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-41" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="41.99999872764236" y1="102.38396875663027" x2="73.49999872763917" y2="102.38398289393741"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient></defs><mask id="text-mask-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7"><rect x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" fill="white"></rect><circle cx="207.88040311421236" cy="92.51705269023522" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="42" cy="99.54896875663054" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle></mask><style>
                .element-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7 {
                    font: 14px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                    alignment-baseline: 'middle';
                }
                .sub-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7 {
                    font: 8.4px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                }
            </style><g mask="url(#text-mask-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7)"><line x1="199.61851265419946" y1="21.492298167544725" x2="205.0884922935853" y2="52.51373144753204" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-1')"></line><line x1="205.20237064459715" y1="20.507701832455275" x2="210.67235028398298" y2="51.5291351124426" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-3')"></line><line x1="207.88042128878413" y1="52.02143327998732" x2="237.4807076256593" y2="62.795153564782225" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-5')"></line><polygon points="184.15496822075923,72.75184033621632 209.2495581651152,53.6531085583042 206.51128441245308,50.389758001670444 183.34505626574648,71.78662397439506" fill="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-7')"></polygon><line x1="183.75001224325285" y1="72.26923215530569" x2="207.88040311421236" y2="92.51705269023522" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-9')"></line><line x1="167.99999999998732" y1="99.54902530585916" x2="183.75001224325285" y2="72.26923215530569" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-11')"></line><line x1="168.00002448652162" y1="44.98942486744504" x2="183.75001224325285" y2="72.26923215530569" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-13')"></line><line x1="136.4999999999905" y1="99.54901116855201" x2="167.99999999998732" y2="99.54902530585916" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-15')"></line><line x1="136.50002448652475" y1="44.98941073013786" x2="168.00002448652162" y2="44.98942486744504" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-17')"></line><line x1="120.74998775672492" y1="126.82880431910549" x2="136.4999999999905" y2="99.54901116855201" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-19')"></line><line x1="120.75001224325922" y1="72.26920388069136" x2="136.4999999999905" y2="99.54901116855201" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-21')"></line><polygon points="135.9544038542333,99.86401092368664 150.40535316868548,127.89381762853449 154.09462234475805,125.76381928429083 137.0455961457477,99.23401141341739" fill="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-23')"></polygon><line x1="120.75001224325922" y1="72.26920388069136" x2="136.50002448652475" y2="44.98941073013786" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-25')"></line><line x1="89.2499877567281" y1="126.82879018179834" x2="120.74998775672492" y2="126.82880431910549" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-27')"></line><line x1="120.74998775672492" y1="126.82880431910549" x2="136.49997551345618" y2="154.10861160696618" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-29')"></line><line x1="92.40000969854677" y1="77.93919115711437" x2="117.60000969854426" y2="77.93920246696008" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-31')"></line><line x1="89.25001224326238" y1="72.26918974338422" x2="120.75001224325922" y2="72.26920388069136" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-33')"></line><line x1="73.49999999999682" y1="99.54898289393769" x2="89.2499877567281" y2="126.82879018179834" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-35')"></line><line x1="73.49999999999682" y1="99.54898289393769" x2="89.25001224326238" y2="72.26918974338422" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-37')"></line><line x1="42.00000127235764" y1="96.71396875663082" x2="73.50000127235447" y2="96.71398289393797" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-39')"></line><line x1="41.99999872764236" y1="102.38396875663027" x2="73.49999872763917" y2="102.38398289393741" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7-41')"></line></g><g><text x="202.4104416493983" y="21" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="207.88042128878413" y="52.02143327998732" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="237.4807076256593" y="62.795153564782225" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="183.75001224325285" y="72.26923215530569" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            ">R</text><text x="203.94290311421236" y="97.76705269023522" class="element-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>H</tspan></text><text x="207.88040311421236" y="92.51705269023522" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="168.00002448652162" y="44.98942486744504" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="136.50002448652475" y="44.98941073013786" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="120.75001224325922" y="72.26920388069136" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="89.25001224326238" y="72.26918974338422" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="73.49999999999682" y="99.54898289393769" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="47.25" y="104.79896875663054" class="element-m6sn3mpm27n226z9vx7" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="42" y="99.54896875663054" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="89.2499877567281" y="126.82879018179834" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="120.74998775672492" y="126.82880431910549" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="136.49997551345618" y="154.10861160696618" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="136.4999999999905" y="99.54901116855201" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            ">R</text><text x="152.24998775672177" y="126.82881845641266" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="167.99999999998732" y="99.54902530585916" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text></g></svg>"/>


Lactic acid: a molecule of the general formula CHXYZ - 5.2 The Reason for Handedness in Molecules: Chirality

Nootkatone (grapefruit oil)


WORKED EXAMPLE 5.1 -


Drawing the Three-Dimensional Structure of a Chiral Molecule -

Draw the structure of a chiral alcohol.


Strategy -

An alcohol is a compound that contains the -OH functional group. To make an alcohol chiral, we need to have four different groups bonded to a single carbon atom, say $-\mathrm{H},-\mathrm{OH},-\mathrm{CH}_{3}$, and $-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$


Strategy -


Strategy -

2-Butanol
(chiral)


Strategy -

PROBLEM Which of the following objects are chiral?
5-1
(a) Soda can
(b) Screwdriver
(c) Screw
(d) Shoe


Strategy -

Dextromethorphan (cough suppressant)


Strategy -

Alanine
PROBLEM Identify the chirality centers in the following molecules (gray $=\mathrm{H}$, black $=\mathrm{C}$, red $=\mathrm{O}$, green $=\mathrm{Cl}$, 5-4 yellow-green = F):
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-0133.jpg?height=286&width=516&top_left_y=968&top_left_x=414)


Strategy -

Threose
(a sugar)
(b)
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-0133.jpg?height=250&width=378&top_left_y=981&top_left_x=982)


Strategy -

Enflurane (an anesthetic)


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

The study of chirality originated in the early 19th century during investigations by the French physicist JeanBaptiste Biot into the nature of plane-polarized light. A beam of ordinary light consists of electromagnetic waves that oscillate in an infinite number of planes at right angles to its direction of travel. When a beam of ordinary light passes through a device called a polarizer, however, only the light waves oscillating in a single plane pass through and the light is said to be plane-polarized. Light waves in all other planes are blocked out.


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

Biot made the remarkable observation that when a beam of plane-polarized light passes through a solution of certain organic molecules, such as sugar or camphor, the plane of polarization is rotated through an angle, $\alpha$. Not all organic substances exhibit this property, but those that do are said to be optically active.


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

The angle of rotation can be measured with an instrument called a polarimeter, represented in FIGURE 5.6. A solution of optically active organic molecules is placed in a sample tube, plane-polarized light is passed through the tube, and rotation of the polarization plane occurs. The light then goes through a second polarizer called the analyzer. By rotating the analyzer until the light passes through it, we can find the new plane of polarization and can tell to what extent rotation has occurred.
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-0134.jpg?height=484&width=1123&top_left_y=181&top_left_x=506)

FIGURE 5.6 Schematic representation of a polarimeter. Plane-polarized light passes through a solution of optically active molecules, which rotate the plane of polarization.


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

In addition to determining the extent of rotation, we can also find the direction. From the vantage point of the observer looking directly at the analyzer, some optically active molecules rotate polarized light to the left (counterclockwise) and are said to be levorotatory, whereas others rotate polarized light to the right (clockwise) and are said to be dextrorotatory. By convention, rotation to the left is given a minus sign (-) and rotation to the right is given a plus sign (+). (-)-Morphine, for example, is levorotatory, and (+)-sucrose is dextrorotatory.


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

The extent of rotation observed in a polarimetry experiment depends on the number of optically active molecules encountered by the light beam. This number, in turn, depends on sample concentration and sample pathlength. If the concentration of the sample is doubled, the observed rotation doubles. If the concentration is kept constant but the length of the sample tube is doubled, the observed rotation doubles. It also happens that the angle of rotation depends on the wavelength of the light used.


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

To express optical rotations in a meaningful way so that comparisons can be made, we have to choose standard conditions. The specific rotation, $[\boldsymbol{\alpha}]_{\mathbf{D}}$, of a compound is defined as the observed rotation when light of 589.6 nanometer ( $\mathrm{nm} ; 1 \mathrm{~nm}=10^{-9} \mathrm{~m}$ ) wavelength is used with a sample pathlength 1 of 1 decimeter ( $\mathrm{dm} ; 1 \mathrm{dm}=10$ cm ) and a sample concentration $c$ of $1 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$. (Light of 589.6 nm , the so-called sodium D line, is the yellow light emitted from common sodium street lamps.)


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

$$
[\alpha]_{\mathrm{D}}=\frac{\text { Observed rotation (degrees) }}{\text { Pathlength, } l(\mathrm{dm}) \times \text { Concentration, } c\left(\mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\right)}=\frac{\alpha}{l \times c}
$$


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

When optical rotations are expressed in this standard way, the specific rotation, $[\alpha]_{\mathrm{D}}$, is a physical constant characteristic of a given optically active compound. For example, (+)-lactic acid has $[\alpha]_{D}=+3.82$, and (-)-lactic acid has $[\alpha]_{D}=-3.82$. That is, the two enantiomers rotate plane-polarized light to exactly the same extent but in opposite directions. Note that the units of specific rotation are [ $\left.\left(\mathrm{deg} \cdot \mathrm{cm}^{2}\right) / \mathrm{g}\right]$ but the values are usually expressed without units. Some additional examples are listed in TABLE 5.1.


Strategy - 5.3 Optical Activity

| TABLE 5.1 Specific Rotations of Some Organic Molecules |  |  |  |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: |
| Compound | $[\boldsymbol{\alpha}]_{\mathrm{D}}$ | Compound | $[\boldsymbol{\alpha}]_{\mathrm{D}}$ |
| Penicillin V | +233 | Cholesterol | -31.5 |
| Sucrose | +66.47 | Morphine | -132 |
| Camphor | +44.26 | Cocaine | -16 |
| Chloroform | 0 | Acetic acid | 0 |


WORKED EXAMPLE 5.2 -


Calculating an Optical Rotation -

A 1.20 g sample of cocaine, $[\alpha]_{D}=-16$, was dissolved in 7.50 mL of chloroform and placed in a sample tube having a pathlength of 5.00 cm . What was the observed rotation?
<img class="imgSvg" id = "m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg id="smiles-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 314 191.038982195454" style="width: 313.9529379485304px; height: 191.038982195454px; overflow: visible;"><defs><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-1" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="134.4256012945501" y1="138.77277632241976" x2="138.25631536702264" y2="170.038982195454"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-3" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="105.43288553389797" y1="126.45724008472251" x2="134.4256012945501" y2="138.77277632241976"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-5" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="78.56531926601534" y1="143.14319549161883" x2="103.72733720199585" y2="124.19265847048428"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-7" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="81.97641592981958" y1="147.67235872009536" x2="107.13843386580008" y2="128.72182169896075"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-9" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="101.60217146142543" y1="95.19103421168828" x2="105.43288553389797" y2="126.45724008472251"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-11" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="101.60217146142543" y1="95.19103421168828" x2="130.88098724139803" y2="73.0562740727205"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-13" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="67.85353299108442" y1="80.84319768355178" x2="101.60217146142543" y2="95.19103421168828"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-15" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="130.88098724139803" y1="73.0562740727205" x2="159.84904135604165" y2="85.42970693555529"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-17" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="126.64336034006755" y1="36.60527951645676" x2="130.88098724139803" y2="73.0562740727205"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-19" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="42" y1="55.40888797543471" x2="67.85353299108442" y2="80.84319768355178"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-21" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="67.85353299108442" y1="80.84319768355178" x2="81.52558375557763" y2="51.971131507752574"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-23" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="159.84904135604165" y1="85.42970693555529" x2="185.0487756045996" y2="66.52935260548901"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-25" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="92.95343271118026" y1="22.139883922810668" x2="126.64336034006755" y2="36.60527951645676"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-27" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="42" y1="55.40888797543471" x2="56.714443733416374" y2="21.00000000000003"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-29" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="81.52558375557763" y1="51.971131507752574" x2="110.49087873737454" y2="64.35102191992874"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-31" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="81.52558375557763" y1="51.971131507752574" x2="92.95343271118026" y2="22.139883922810668"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-33" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="184.09509658587504" y1="34.91641662464019" x2="187.8634164519607" y2="66.19020381754129"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-35" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="178.46581489115286" y1="35.594714200535634" x2="182.2341347572385" y2="66.86850139343673"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-37" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="185.0487756045996" y1="66.52935260548901" x2="214.0168297192432" y2="78.9027854683238"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-39" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="56.714443733416374" y1="21.00000000000003" x2="92.95343271118026" y2="22.139883922810668"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-41" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="219.93886692351091" y1="81.54870220005759" x2="240.0986543223573" y2="66.42841873600455"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-43" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="214.0168297192432" y1="78.9027854683238" x2="239.21656396780116" y2="60.00243113825749"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-45" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="214.0168297192432" y1="78.9027854683238" x2="217.78514958532887" y2="110.17657266122492"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-47" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="239.21656396780116" y1="60.00243113825749" x2="268.1846180824448" y2="72.37586400109228"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-49" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="222.9091729121035" y1="106.19966620687254" x2="246.08361620381842" y2="116.09841249714034"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-51" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="217.78514958532887" y1="110.17657266122492" x2="246.75320369997252" y2="122.55000552405969"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-53" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="262.9321683743311" y1="76.1815402962778" x2="265.94682426719964" y2="101.20057005059866"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-55" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="268.1846180824448" y1="72.37586400109228" x2="271.9529379485304" y2="103.64965119399335"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-57" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="246.75320369997252" y1="122.55000552405969" x2="271.9529379485304" y2="103.64965119399335"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient></defs><mask id="text-mask-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c"><rect x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" fill="white"></rect><circle cx="134.4256012945501" cy="138.77277632241976" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="80.27086759791746" cy="145.4077771058571" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="159.84904135604165" cy="85.42970693555529" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="181.28045573851395" cy="35.25556541258791" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="81.52558375557763" cy="51.971131507752574" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle></mask><style>
                .element-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c {
                    font: 14px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                    alignment-baseline: 'middle';
                }
                .sub-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c {
                    font: 8.4px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                }
            </style><g mask="url(#text-mask-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c)"><line x1="134.4256012945501" y1="138.77277632241976" x2="138.25631536702264" y2="170.038982195454" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-1')"></line><line x1="105.43288553389797" y1="126.45724008472251" x2="134.4256012945501" y2="138.77277632241976" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-3')"></line><line x1="78.56531926601534" y1="143.14319549161883" x2="103.72733720199585" y2="124.19265847048428" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-5')"></line><line x1="81.97641592981958" y1="147.67235872009536" x2="107.13843386580008" y2="128.72182169896075" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-7')"></line><line x1="101.60217146142543" y1="95.19103421168828" x2="105.43288553389797" y2="126.45724008472251" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-9')"></line><line x1="101.60217146142543" y1="95.19103421168828" x2="130.88098724139803" y2="73.0562740727205" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-11')"></line><line x1="67.85353299108442" y1="80.84319768355178" x2="101.60217146142543" y2="95.19103421168828" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-13')"></line><line x1="130.88098724139803" y1="73.0562740727205" x2="159.84904135604165" y2="85.42970693555529" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-15')"></line><line x1="126.64336034006755" y1="36.60527951645676" x2="130.88098724139803" y2="73.0562740727205" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-17')"></line><line x1="42" y1="55.40888797543471" x2="67.85353299108442" y2="80.84319768355178" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-19')"></line><line x1="67.85353299108442" y1="80.84319768355178" x2="81.52558375557763" y2="51.971131507752574" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-21')"></line><line x1="159.84904135604165" y1="85.42970693555529" x2="185.0487756045996" y2="66.52935260548901" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-23')"></line><line x1="92.95343271118026" y1="22.139883922810668" x2="126.64336034006755" y2="36.60527951645676" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-25')"></line><line x1="42" y1="55.40888797543471" x2="56.714443733416374" y2="21.00000000000003" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-27')"></line><line x1="81.52558375557763" y1="51.971131507752574" x2="110.49087873737454" y2="64.35102191992874" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-29')"></line><line x1="81.52558375557763" y1="51.971131507752574" x2="92.95343271118026" y2="22.139883922810668" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-31')"></line><line x1="184.09509658587504" y1="34.91641662464019" x2="187.8634164519607" y2="66.19020381754129" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-33')"></line><line x1="178.46581489115286" y1="35.594714200535634" x2="182.2341347572385" y2="66.86850139343673" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-35')"></line><line x1="185.0487756045996" y1="66.52935260548901" x2="214.0168297192432" y2="78.9027854683238" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-37')"></line><line x1="56.714443733416374" y1="21.00000000000003" x2="92.95343271118026" y2="22.139883922810668" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-39')"></line><line x1="219.93886692351091" y1="81.54870220005759" x2="240.0986543223573" y2="66.42841873600455" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-41')"></line><line x1="214.0168297192432" y1="78.9027854683238" x2="239.21656396780116" y2="60.00243113825749" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-43')"></line><line x1="214.0168297192432" y1="78.9027854683238" x2="217.78514958532887" y2="110.17657266122492" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-45')"></line><line x1="239.21656396780116" y1="60.00243113825749" x2="268.1846180824448" y2="72.37586400109228" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-47')"></line><line x1="222.9091729121035" y1="106.19966620687254" x2="246.08361620381842" y2="116.09841249714034" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-49')"></line><line x1="217.78514958532887" y1="110.17657266122492" x2="246.75320369997252" y2="122.55000552405969" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-51')"></line><line x1="262.9321683743311" y1="76.1815402962778" x2="265.94682426719964" y2="101.20057005059866" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-53')"></line><line x1="268.1846180824448" y1="72.37586400109228" x2="271.9529379485304" y2="103.64965119399335" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-55')"></line><line x1="246.75320369997252" y1="122.55000552405969" x2="271.9529379485304" y2="103.64965119399335" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c-57')"></line></g><g><text x="138.25631536702264" y="170.038982195454" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="130.4881012945501" y="144.02277632241976" class="element-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="134.4256012945501" y="138.77277632241976" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="105.43288553389797" y="126.45724008472251" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="85.52086759791746" y="150.6577771058571" class="element-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="80.27086759791746" y="145.4077771058571" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="101.60217146142543" y="95.19103421168828" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="130.88098724139803" y="73.0562740727205" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="159.84904135604165" y="77.55470693555529" class="element-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: vertical-rl;
                text-orientation: upright;
                letter-spacing: -1px;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="159.84904135604165" y="85.42970693555529" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="185.0487756045996" y="66.52935260548901" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="176.03045573851395" y="40.50556541258791" class="element-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="181.28045573851395" y="35.25556541258791" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="214.0168297192432" y="78.9027854683238" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="239.21656396780116" y="60.00243113825749" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="268.1846180824448" y="72.37586400109228" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="271.9529379485304" y="103.64965119399335" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="246.75320369997252" y="122.55000552405969" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="217.78514958532887" y="110.17657266122492" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="126.64336034006755" y="36.60527951645676" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="92.95343271118026" y="22.139883922810668" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="56.714443733416374" y="21.00000000000003" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="42" y="55.40888797543471" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="67.85353299108442" y="80.84319768355178" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="86.77558375557763" y="57.221131507752574" class="element-m6sn3mqqlcktsoler4c" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
            "><tspan>N</tspan></text><text x="81.52558375557763" y="51.971131507752574" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="110.49087873737454" y="64.35102191992874" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text></g></svg>"/>


Calculating an Optical Rotation -

Cocaine


Strategy -

Since $[\alpha]_{\mathrm{D}}=\frac{\alpha}{l \times c}$
Then $\alpha=l \times c \times[\alpha]_{\mathrm{D}}$
where $[\alpha]_{\mathrm{D}}=-16 ; 1=5.00 \mathrm{~cm}=0.500 \mathrm{dm} ; c=1.20 \mathrm{~g} / 7.50 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}=0.160 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$


Solution -

$\alpha=(-16)(0.500)(0.160)=-1.3^{\circ}$.


Solution -

PROBLEM Is cocaine (Worked Example 5.2) dextrorotatory or levorotatory?
5-5
PROBLEM A 1.50 g sample of coniine, the toxic extract of poison hemlock, was dissolved in 10.0 mL of ethanol
5-6 and placed in a sample cell with a 5.00 cm pathlength. The observed rotation at the sodium D line was $+1.21^{\circ}$. Calculate $[\alpha]_{D}$ for coniine.


Solution - 5.4 Pasteur's Discovery of Enantiomers

Little was done to build on Biot's discovery of optical activity until 1848, when Louis Pasteur began work on a study of crystalline tartaric acid salts derived from wine. On crystallizing a concentrated solution of sodium ammonium tartrate below $28^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, Pasteur made the surprising observation that two distinct kinds of crystals were obtained. Furthermore, the two kinds of crystals were nonsuperimposable mirror images and were related in the same way that a right hand is related to a left hand.


Working carefully with tweezers, Pasteur was able to separate the crystals into two piles, one of "right-handed" crystals and one of "left-handed" crystals, like those shown in FIGURE 5.7. Although the original sample, a 50 : 50 mixture of right and left, was optically inactive, solutions of the crystals from each of the sorted piles were optically active and their specific rotations were equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-0135.jpg?height=419&width=538&top_left_y=2059&top_left_x=559)
<img class="imgSvg" id = "m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<svg id="smiles-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 248 120.75001836488289" style="width: 247.67880131522185px; height: 120.75001836488289px; overflow: visible;"><defs><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-1" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="178.3990116989986" y1="52.500036729794346" x2="205.67880131522185" y2="68.2500550946915"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-3" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="181.23401169899796" y1="52.50003863833081" x2="181.23403290495872" y2="21.000038638337955"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-5" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="175.56401169899925" y1="52.500034821257884" x2="175.56403290496002" y2="21.000034821265004"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-7" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="151.11920087681455" y1="68.25001836489002" x2="178.3990116989986" y2="52.500036729794346"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-9" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="151.11917967085378" y1="99.75001836488289" x2="151.11920087681455" y2="68.25001836489002"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-11" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="123.83941126059129" y1="52.499999999992866" x2="151.11920087681455" y2="68.25001836489002"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-13" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="123.83941126059129" y1="52.499999999992866" x2="123.83943246655205" y2="21"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-15" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="96.55960043840727" y1="68.24998163508855" x2="123.83941126059129" y2="52.499999999992866"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-17" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="93.72457923244716" y1="99.74997972654495" x2="93.72460043840792" y2="68.24997972655208"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-19" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="99.39457923244586" y1="99.74998354361787" x2="99.39460043840663" y2="68.249983543625"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-21" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="69.27981082218402" y1="52.49996327019139" x2="96.55960043840727" y2="68.24998163508855"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient><linearGradient id="line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-23" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="42" y1="68.24994490528707" x2="69.27981082218402" y2="52.49996327019139"><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="20%"></stop><stop stop-color="currentColor" offset="100%"></stop></linearGradient></defs><mask id="text-mask-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn"><rect x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" fill="white"></rect><circle cx="205.67880131522185" cy="68.2500550946915" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="178.39903290495937" cy="21.00003672980148" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="151.11917967085378" cy="99.75001836488289" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="123.83943246655205" cy="21" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="96.55957923244651" cy="99.74998163508141" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="69.27981082218402" cy="52.49996327019139" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle><circle cx="42" cy="68.24994490528707" r="7.875" fill="black"></circle></mask><style>
                .element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn {
                    font: 14px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                    alignment-baseline: 'middle';
                }
                .sub-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn {
                    font: 8.4px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
                }
            </style><g mask="url(#text-mask-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn)"><line x1="178.3990116989986" y1="52.500036729794346" x2="205.67880131522185" y2="68.2500550946915" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-1')"></line><line x1="181.23401169899796" y1="52.50003863833081" x2="181.23403290495872" y2="21.000038638337955" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-3')"></line><line x1="175.56401169899925" y1="52.500034821257884" x2="175.56403290496002" y2="21.000034821265004" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-5')"></line><line x1="151.11920087681455" y1="68.25001836489002" x2="178.3990116989986" y2="52.500036729794346" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-7')"></line><line x1="151.11917967085378" y1="99.75001836488289" x2="151.11920087681455" y2="68.25001836489002" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-9')"></line><line x1="123.83941126059129" y1="52.499999999992866" x2="151.11920087681455" y2="68.25001836489002" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-11')"></line><line x1="123.83941126059129" y1="52.499999999992866" x2="123.83943246655205" y2="21" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-13')"></line><line x1="96.55960043840727" y1="68.24998163508855" x2="123.83941126059129" y2="52.499999999992866" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-15')"></line><line x1="93.72457923244716" y1="99.74997972654495" x2="93.72460043840792" y2="68.24997972655208" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-17')"></line><line x1="99.39457923244586" y1="99.74998354361787" x2="99.39460043840663" y2="68.249983543625" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-19')"></line><line x1="69.27981082218402" y1="52.49996327019139" x2="96.55960043840727" y2="68.24998163508855" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-21')"></line><line x1="42" y1="68.24994490528707" x2="69.27981082218402" y2="52.49996327019139" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-width:1.26" stroke="url('#line-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn-23')"></line></g><g><text x="201.74130131522185" y="73.5000550946915" class="element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>N<tspan baseline-shift="super" class="sub-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn">+</tspan></tspan><tspan style="unicode-bidi: plaintext;">H<tspan baseline-shift="sub" class="sub-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn">3</tspan></tspan></text><text x="205.67880131522185" y="68.2500550946915" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="178.3990116989986" y="52.500036729794346" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="173.14903290495937" y="26.25003672980148" class="element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="178.39903290495937" y="21.00003672980148" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="151.11920087681455" y="68.25001836489002" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="145.86917967085378" y="105.00001836488289" class="element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan><tspan style="unicode-bidi: plaintext;">H</tspan></text><text x="151.11917967085378" y="99.75001836488289" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="123.83941126059129" y="52.499999999992866" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="118.58943246655205" y="26.25" class="element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan><tspan style="unicode-bidi: plaintext;">H</tspan></text><text x="123.83943246655205" y="21" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="96.55960043840727" y="68.24998163508855" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="91.30957923244651" y="104.99998163508141" class="element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: ltr;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="96.55957923244651" y="99.74998163508141" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="69.27981082218402" y="60.37496327019139" class="element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: vertical-rl;
                text-orientation: upright;
                letter-spacing: -1px;
                direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
            "><tspan>O</tspan></text><text x="69.27981082218402" y="52.49996327019139" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text><text x="47.25" y="73.49994490528707" class="element-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn" fill="currentColor" style="
                text-anchor: start;
                writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
                text-orientation: mixed;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
            "><tspan style="
                unicode-bidi: plaintext;
                writing-mode: lr-tb;
                letter-spacing: normal;
                text-anchor: start;
            ">Na<tspan baseline-shift="super" class="sub-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn">+</tspan></tspan><tspan style="unicode-bidi: plaintext;">H<tspan baseline-shift="sub" class="sub-m6sn3mqucy5w03drxzn">3</tspan></tspan></text><text x="42" y="68.24994490528707" class="debug" fill="#ff0000" style="
                font: 5px Droid Sans, sans-serif;
            "></text></g></svg>"/>


Sodium ammonium tartrate
FIGURE 5.7 Drawings of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals taken from Pasteur's original sketches. One of the crystals is dextrorotatory
in solution, and the other is levorotatory.
Pasteur was far ahead of his time. Although the structural theory of Kekulé had not yet been proposed, Pasteur explained his results by speaking of the molecules themselves, saying, "There is no doubt that [in the dextro tartaric acid] there exists an asymmetric arrangement having a nonsuperimposable image. It is no less certain that the atoms of the levo acid have precisely the inverse asymmetric arrangement." Pasteur's vision was extraordinary, for it was not until 25 years later that his ideas regarding asymmetric carbon atoms were confirmed.


Today, we would describe Pasteur's work by saying that he had discovered enantiomers. Enantiomers, also called optical isomers, have identical physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point, but differ in the direction in which their solutions rotate plane-polarized light.


Solution - 5.5 Sequence Rules for Specifying Configuration

Structural drawings provide a visual representation of stereochemistry, but a written method for indicating the three-dimensional arrangement, or configuration, of substituents at a chirality center is also needed. The method used a set of sequence rules to rank the four groups attached to the chirality center and then looks at the handedness with which those groups are attached. Called the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules after the chemists who proposed them, the sequence rules are as follows:


RULE 1 -

Look at the four atoms directly attached to the chirality center, and rank them according to atomic number. The atom with the highest atomic number has the highest ranking (first), and the atom with the lowest atomic number (usually hydrogen) has the lowest ranking (fourth). When different isotopes of the same element are compared, such as deuterium $\left({ }^{2} \mathrm{H}\right)$ and protium $\left({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\right)$, the heavier isotope ranks higher than the lighter isotope. Thus, atoms commonly found in organic compounds have the following order.


RULE 1 -

| Atomic number | 35 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 6 | $(2)$ | $(1)$ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Higher rank | $\mathrm{Br}>\mathrm{Cl}>\mathrm{S}$ | $>\mathrm{P}$ | $>\mathrm{O}$ | $>\mathrm{N}$ | $>\mathrm{C}$ | $>{ }^{2} \mathrm{H}>{ }^{1} \mathrm{H} \quad$ Lower rank |  |  |  |


RULE 1 -

RULE 2
If a decision can't be reached by ranking the first atoms in the substituent, look at the second, third, or fourth atoms away from the chirality center until the first difference is found. $\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$ substituent and a $-\mathrm{CH}_{3}$ substituent are equivalent by rule 1 because both have carbon as the first atom. By rule 2, however, ethyl ranks higher than methyl because ethyl has a carbon as its highest second atom, while methyl has only hydrogen as its second atom. Look at the following pairs of examples to see how the rule works:
<img class="imgSvg" id = "m6sn3mqw7h567pinusp" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBpZD0ic21pbGVzLW02c24zbXF3N2g1NjdwaW51c3AiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDExNSA0Mi4wMDAwMTQxMzczMDcxNzYiIHN0eWxlPSJ3aWR0aDogMTE1LjQ5OTk5OTk5OTk5NjgycHg7IGhlaWdodDogNDIuMDAwMDE0MTM3MzA3MTc2cHg7IG92ZXJmbG93OiB2aXNpYmxlOyI+PGRlZnM+PGxpbmVhckdyYWRpZW50IGlkPSJsaW5lLW02c24zbXF3N2g1NjdwaW51c3AtMSIgZ3JhZGllbnRVbml0cz0idXNlclNwYWNlT25Vc2UiIHgxPSI0MiIgeTE9IjIxIiB4Mj0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODIiIHkyPSIyMS4wMDAwMTQxMzczMDcxOCI+PHN0b3Agc3RvcC1jb2xvcj0iY3VycmVudENvbG9yIiBvZmZzZXQ9IjIwJSI+PC9zdG9wPjxzdG9wIHN0b3AtY29sb3I9ImN1cnJlbnRDb2xvciIgb2Zmc2V0PSIxMDAlIj48L3N0b3A+PC9saW5lYXJHcmFkaWVudD48L2RlZnM+PG1hc2sgaWQ9InRleHQtbWFzay1tNnNuM21xdzdoNTY3cGludXNwIj48cmVjdCB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBmaWxsPSJ3aGl0ZSI+PC9yZWN0PjwvbWFzaz48c3R5bGU+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuZWxlbWVudC1tNnNuM21xdzdoNTY3cGludXNwIHsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICBmb250OiAxNHB4IEhlbHZldGljYSwgQXJpYWwsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgYWxpZ25tZW50LWJhc2VsaW5lOiAnbWlkZGxlJzsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIH0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC5zdWItbTZzbjNtcXc3aDU2N3BpbnVzcCB7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogOC40cHggSGVsdmV0aWNhLCBBcmlhbCwgc2Fucy1zZXJpZjsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIH0KICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9zdHlsZT48ZyBtYXNrPSJ1cmwoI3RleHQtbWFzay1tNnNuM21xdzdoNTY3cGludXNwKSI+PGxpbmUgeDE9IjQyIiB5MT0iMjEiIHgyPSI3My40OTk5OTk5OTk5OTY4MiIgeTI9IjIxLjAwMDAxNDEzNzMwNzE4IiBzdHlsZT0ic3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6cm91bmQ7c3Ryb2tlLWRhc2hhcnJheTpub25lO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxLjI2IiBzdHJva2U9InVybCgnI2xpbmUtbTZzbjNtcXc3aDU2N3BpbnVzcC0xJykiPjwvbGluZT48L2c+PGc+PHRleHQgeD0iNzMuNDk5OTk5OTk5OTk2ODIiIHk9IjIxLjAwMDAxNDEzNzMwNzE4IiBjbGFzcz0iZGVidWciIGZpbGw9IiNmZjAwMDAiIHN0eWxlPSIKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIGZvbnQ6IDVweCBEcm9pZCBTYW5zLCBzYW5zLXNlcmlmOwogICAgICAgICAgICAiPjwvdGV4dD48dGV4dCB4PSI0MiIgeT0iMjEiIGNsYXNzPSJkZWJ1ZyIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmMDAwMCIgc3R5bGU9IgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgZm9udDogNXB4IERyb2lkIFNhbnMsIHNhbnMtc2VyaWY7CiAgICAgICAgICAgICI+PC90ZXh0PjwvZz48L3N2Zz4="/>
<img class="imgSvg" id = "m6sn3mqw6ojo9oiq22g" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"/>


RULE 1 -


RULE 1 -

Higher


RULE 1 -

RULE 3
Multiple-bonded atoms are equivalent to the same number of single-bonded atoms. For example, an aldehyde substituent $(-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{O})$, which has a carbon atom doubly bonded to one oxygen, is equivalent to a substituent having a carbon atom singly bonded to two oxygens:
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-0137.jpg?height=263&width=1127&top_left_y=192&top_left_x=497)


RULE 1 -

As further examples, the following pairs are equivalent:
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-0137.jpg?height=597&width=1143&top_left_y=516&top_left_x=486)