Chapter 27 -

PROBLEM $\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{18} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{30} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$
27-1
PROBLEM Glyceryl tripalmitate is higher melting.
27-2
PROBLEM $\left[\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{7} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{7} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{-}\right] 2 \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$
27-3
PROBLEM Glyceryl dioleate monopalmitate $\rightarrow$ glycerol +2 sodium oleate + sodium palmitate
27-4
PROBLEM
27-5
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Chapter 27 -

PROBLEM The pro- $S$ hydrogen is cis to the $-\mathrm{CH}_{3}$ group; the pro- $R$ hydrogen is trans.
27-6


Chapter 27 -


Chapter 27 -

PROBLEM Three methyl groups are removed, the side-chain double bond is reduced, and the double bond in $\mathbf{2 7 - 1 0}$ the $B$ ring is migrated.


Chapter 27 -

Chapter 28
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-1202.jpg?height=705&width=1058&top_left_y=737&top_left_x=241)


Chapter 27 -

PROBLEM
28-2
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-1202.jpg?height=695&width=803&top_left_y=1485&top_left_x=496)


Chapter 27 -

PROBLEM (5') ACGGATTAGCC (3')
28-3


PROBLEM -


PROBLEM -

PROBLEM (3') CUAAUGGCAU (5')
28-5
PROBLEM (5') ACTCTGCGAA (3')
28-6
PROBLEM (a) GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG (b) UUU, UUC (c) UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG (d) UAU, UAC
28-7
PROBLEM
28-8
PROBLEM Leu-Met-Ala-Trp-Pro-Stop
28-9
PROBLEM (5') TTA-GGG-CCA-AGC-CAT-AAG (3')
28-10
PROBLEM The cleavage is an $\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{N}} 1$ reaction that occurs by protonation of the oxygen atom followed by loss of
28-11 the stable triarylmethyl carbocation.
PROBLEM
28-12
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-1203.jpg?height=196&width=589&top_left_y=1143&top_left_x=416)


Chapter 29 -

PROBLEM $\mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OPO}_{3}{ }^{2-}+\mathrm{ADP}$
29-1
PROBLEM Caprylyl CoA $\rightarrow$ Hexanoyl CoA $\rightarrow$ Butyryl CoA $\rightarrow 2$ Acetyl CoA 29-2
PROBLEM (a) 8 acetyl CoA; 7 passages (b) 10 acetyl CoA; 9 passages
29-3
PROBLEM The dehydration is an E1cB reaction.
29-4
PROBLEM At C2, C4, C6, C8, and so forth
29-5
PROBLEM The Si face
29-6
PROBLEM Steps 7 and 10
29-7
PROBLEM Steps 1, 3: Phosphate transfers; steps 2, 5, 8: isomerizations; step 4: retro-aldol reaction; step 29-8 5: oxidation and nucleophilic acyl substitution; steps 7, 10: phosphate transfers; step 9: E1cB dehydration
PROBLEM C 1 and C 6 of glucose become $-\mathrm{CH}_{3}$ groups; C 3 and C 4 become $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$. 29-9
PROBLEM Citrate and isocitrate 29-10
PROBLEM E1cB elimination of water, followed by conjugate addition 29-11
PROBLEM pro- $R$; anti geometry


Chapter 29 -

PROBLEM The reaction occurs by two sequential nucleophilic acyl substitutions, the first by a cysteine residue
29-13 in the enzyme, with phosphate as leaving group, and the second by hydride donation from NADH, with the cysteine residue as leaving group.
PROBLEM Initial imine formation between PMP and $\alpha$-ketoglutarate is followed by double-bond 29-14 rearrangement to an isomeric imine and hydrolysis.
PROBLEM $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{COCO}_{2}{ }^{-}$
29-15
PROBLEM Asparagine
29-16
Chapter 30
PROBLEM Ethylene: $\psi_{1}$ is the HOMO and $\psi_{2}{ }^{*}$ is the LUMO in the ground state; $\psi_{2}{ }^{*}$ is the HOMO and there is no
30-1 LUMO in the excited state. 1,3-Butadiene: $\psi_{2}$ is the HOMO and $\psi_{3}{ }^{*}$ is the LUMO in the ground state; $\psi_{3}{ }^{*}$ is the HOMO and $\psi_{4}{ }^{*}$ is the LUMO in the excited state.
PROBLEM Disrotatory: cis-5,6-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene;
30-2 conrotatory: trans-5,6-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. Disrotatory closure occurs.
PROBLEM The more stable of two allowed products is formed.
30-3
PROBLEM trans-5,6-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; cis-5,6-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene 30-4
PROBLEM cis-3,6-Dimethylcyclohexene; trans-3,6-dimethylcyclohexene 30-5
PROBLEM A [6 + 4] suprafacial cycloaddition 30-6
PROBLEM An antarafacial [1,7] sigmatropic rearrangement
30-7
PROBLEM
30-8
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Chapter 29 -

PROBLEM A series of [1,5] hydrogen shifts occur. 30-9
PROBLEM o-(1-Methylallyl)phenol
30-10
PROBLEM Claisen rearrangement is followed by a Cope rearrangement. 30-11
PROBLEM (a) Conrotatory (b) Disrotatory (c) Suprafacial (d) Antarafacial (e) Suprafacial 30-12


Chapter 31 -

PROBLEM $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CHCO}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}<\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CHCl}<\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{3}<\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}$ 31-1
PROBLEM $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{3}<\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CHC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}<\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CHC} \equiv \mathrm{N}$ 31-2
PROBLEM The intermediate is a resonance-stabilized benzylic carbanion, $\mathrm{Ph}-\overline{\ddot{\mathrm{C}}} \mathrm{HR}$ 31-3
PROBLEM The polymer has no chirality centers. 31-4
PROBLEM The polymers are racemic and have no optical rotation. 31-5


PROBLEM -

PROBLEM Vestenamer: ADMET polymerization of 1,9-decadiene or ROMP of cyclooctene; Norsorex: ROMP of 31-10 norbornene.
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_02_06_5556f7656cbdcaa0f9a7g-1205.jpg?height=323&width=576&top_left_y=1107&top_left_x=246)


PROBLEM -

are a class of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula $\mathrm{C}_{n} \mathrm{H}_{2 n+2}$. They contain no functional groups, are relatively inert, and can be either straight-chain (normal) or branched. Alkanes are named by a series of IUPAC rules of nomenclature. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different