Ring abad ka-19 ipunika kahuripang malih ring wentuk modern olih makudang ilmuwan, taler Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1834), Kelvin (1871), Hermann von Helmholtz (1879) miwah, raris malih, olih Svante Arrhenius (1903).
In the 19th century it was again revived in modern form by several scientists, including Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1834), Kelvin (1871), Hermann von Helmholtz (1879) and, somewhat later, by Svante Arrhenius (1903).