Ring warsa 1937, sosiolog Amerika Read Bain nyurat indik "teknologi ngranjing makasami alat, mesin, pakakas, sanjata, instrumen, perumahan, kwaca, alat komunikasi miwah pengangkutan taler kawagedan sané kaanggén rikala makarya miwah ngawigunayang."
"In 1937, the American sociologist Read Bain wrote that "technology includes all tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills by which we produce and use them."