Abad kaping sia nyaksiang utsaha Tripatit pacang ngasorang India Utara, sakadi Kerajaan Pratihara, Kerajaan Pala, miwah Kerajaan Rashtrakuta.
The ninth century saw a Tripartite Struggle for control of northern India, among the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire, and the Rashtrakuta Empire.