Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, ring Zoological Philosophy warsa 1809, nyihanayang transmutasi spesies, nguningayang indik spesies prasida mauwah nganutin galah, ring tengahing penyimpangan radikal saking pamineh Aristotelian.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in his 1809 Zoological Philosophy, described the transmutation of species, proposing that a species could change over time, in a radical departure from Aristotelian thinking.[136]