Ring abad ka-19, antropolog fisik Prancis, sane kapimpin olih Paul Broca (1824 - 1880) mafokus ring kraniometri, nanging tradisi Jerman, sane kapimpin olih Rudolf Virchow (1821 - 1902), nekanang pengaruh lingkungan lan penyakit, ring angga manusa.
In the 19th century, French physical anthropologists, led by Paul Broca (1824-1880), focused on craniometry while the German tradition, led by Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), emphasized the influence of environment and disease upon the human body.