Ri tatkala masa abd ka-16, ri tatkala budaya Jepang miwah Eropa kacunduk, benteng ring Eropa sampun magingsir nglintangin kawéntenan kastil miwah ngandelang inovasi sakadi ilalienne kawéntenan Italia miwah benteng bintang.
17 By the 16th century, when Japanese and European cultures met, fortification in Europe had moved beyond castles and relied on.