Tulang tundun hidrokarbon prasida kagentosin antuk sané tiosan minakadi oksigen (O), hidrogen (H), fosfor (P), miwah belerang (S), sané prasida nguwah parilaksana senyawa kimia punika.
A hydrocarbon backbone can be substituted by other elements such as oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), which can change the chemical behavior of that compound.