Bioteknologi modern kawedarang pinaka "caca asam nukleat in vitro, rumasuk asam deoksiribonukleat (DNA) rekombinan miwah suntikan langsung asam nukleat ring sel utawi organel, utawi fusi sel sane nenten pinaka kulawarga taksonomi."
Modern biotechnology is further defined as "In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles, or fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family."