Pralaya massal sangkaning makudang-kudang krana silih tunggilnyané panglalah gunung api, iklim sané mauwah, miwah mauwahnyané kimia ring segara taler ring atmosfer, raris punika ngawinang panglalah sané ageng pisan ring ekologi, atmosfer, kahanan tanah miwah toya ring jagaté.
Mass extinctions had a variety of causes including volcanic activity, climate change, and changes in oceanic and atmospheric chemistry, and they in turn had major effects on Earth's ecology, atmosphere, land surface and waters.