Research by Sheri Berman and Dylan Riley, as well as economists Shanker Satyanath, Nico Voigtländer, and Hans-Joachim Voth, have linked civic associations to the rise of fascist movements.
Penelitian olih Sheri Berman miwah Dylan Riley, taler ekonom Shanker Satyanath, Nico Voigtländer, miwah  Hans-Joachim Voth, sane ngawentenang paiketan soroh ngaranayang ngawentenang ageman fasis.