Human rights in Kazakhstan
According to a 2018 survey, conducted by the Republican Centre for AIDS Prevention and Control and the Kazakh Ministry of Health, there were about 620,000 men who have sex with men in Kazakhstan; about 6,000 in Almaty, 3,300 in Nur-Sultan, and 4,900 in Karaganda Region. This number, however, is expected to be much higher, due to societal homophobia which may prevent individuals from coming out.