Kingdom of France
The gradual integration of the feudal fiefs into the royal domain required the establishment of a royal administration.  Louis IX attached the main importance to its role as justiciary.  The parlement, the high court of justice, was put in place.  The Hundred Years' War allowed Charles VII to establish an army and permanent taxes.  Richelieu and Louis XIV strengthened the royal authority in the provinces by bringing the local governors of the nobility under their stewardship and by delegating to them stewards appointed by the king.