Anténor Firmin
Anténor Firmin was against any hierarchy of races and believed that racial typing was non-scientific. He disagreed with the existing racial types, for example, Ethiopian/Black or Caucasian/White, because they did not include mixed races. Firmin also challenged the anthropologists who used the method of anthropometry (measurement of the human body). A physician, anatomist, and anthropologist Paul Broca was one of his main intellectual opponents. Broca was a dominant figure in French anthropology in the 19th century.