Einsatzgruppen
All of the main Einsatzgruppen took part in mass shootings from the beginning of the war.pp. 196–202  At first, they shot only adult Jewish men.  However, by August, they were shooting all Jews, including women, children, infants, and the elderly.  At first, they killed people in firing squads.  When this became too slow, the Einsatzkommandos began to shoot larger groups next to, or even inside, mass graves.p. 207  As news about these killings spread, many Jewish people ran away.