Confederation of the Equator
Before independence, North Brazil had been one of the two separate viceroyalties, Grão-Pará, besides the Viceroyalty of Brazil in the South. Pedro I combined the two into one Imperial State. However, the North was historically more averse to secession from Portugal and had fought to remain part of the Portuguese empire, before being defeated by Pedro I and being annexed. The Confederation was a second popular attempt.