William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
William Marshal’s  father,  was John Marshal, called John the Marshal.  He was the Lord of Newbury Castle located in County Berkshire in England.  When William was a young boy, there was a fierce civil war in England between King Stephen, grandson of William I, also called William the Conqueror and Henry I's daughter, Empress Matilda. When William I died, both Stephen and Matilda believed they were the true successor to the Crown.  This period  in history was known as the time of The Anarchy because there was much lawlessness and violence in the Kingdom.   Many barons and Earls would "change sides" when it benefited them to do so and John Marshal was no exception.  At first he pledged his fealty or loyalty to King Stephen but later changed it to Empress Matilda.  This act helped to turn the tide in the civil war.