Cognitive neuropsychology
The 19th century started the argument of localism vs. holism in cognitive neuropsychology. People were starting to question holism and explore the idea of localism. Localism means that the brain has individual areas that are responsible for certain actions in the body. The study of Phrenology started these localization theories. Phrenology is looking at the human skull and finding strange bumps to be measured.  Any strange bumps or shapes in the skull were then paired with intelligence or self traits in a person. These traits could include language,  logic, and even love. If a part of the skull was pushed out it would mean that trait was better. This started localization theories