English alphabet
The a-e ligature ash (Æ æ) was adopted as a letter in its own right, named after a futhorc rune æsc. In very early Old English the o-e ligature ethel (Œ œ) also appeared as its own letter, likewise named after a rune, œðel. Also, the v-v or u-u ligature double-u (W w) was in use.