Long range shooting
Other factors include "bullet Drift".  This means a bullet that fired out of the barrel with a muzzle velocity (speed at the muzzle) of 2800 FPS that exits a barrel with 1:12 rifling is spinning at 168,000 RPMs.  At just  the bullet will drift about  in the direction it was spinning.  If the rifle has a right-hand twist, the bullet will go to the right of the target.