21 grams experiment
In December 2001, physicist Lewis E. Hollander Jr. published an article. It was in Journal of Scientific Exploration. He showed the results of a similar experiment. He tested the weight of one male sheep, seven female sheep, three young sheep and one goat at the moment of death. He wanted to learn more about MacDougall’s findings. His experiment showed that seven of the adult sheep changed their weight when they died. But they did not lose weight, they gained weight. They gained between 18 and 780 grams. This weight was lost again over time until they returned to their first weight. In 2009, Masayoshi Ishida reviewed Hollander Jr.'s experiment in the same journal. Ishida said that Hollander’s statement about a temporary gain of weight was not a good way to describe the result. But he said that the cause of the force event is still not known. He also warned about possible problems with the weighing platform in two cases.