Dersim
In 1848, the Dersim Sanjak was formed within the Erzurum Vilayet. In 1880, the Dersim or Hozat vilayet was formed with Hozat as its center, although by 1888 it was made a sanjak/mutasarrifate of the Mamuret-ul-Aziz vilayet (now Elazığ). Even in 1895 between 1897, many Armenian fedayis took refuge in Dersim and benefited from the baht (of asylum)  of the Dersimites and were able to protect themselves against the bathtubs of the Ottoman administration. Various rebellions took place in the region in the 1877, 1885, 1892, 1907, 1911, 1914 and 1916.