Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Vytautas the Great grew the land of the Grand Duchy.  He also led the defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. After Vytautas's death, Lithuania's relationship with the Kingdom of Poland was not good. The Union of Lublin of 1569 created a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In this federation, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had a separate government, laws, army, and treasury.  They were invaded by Russia in 1792.  The land was divided out among the Russian Empire, Prussia and Austria in 1795.