École Nationale des Chartes
École nationale des chartes is a French grande école and a constituent college at the PSL Research University, specializing in historical sciences. It was founded in 1821. The students, who are recruited by competing exams and have the status of civil servant trainees, receive the qualification as archivist-paleographer after completing a dissertation. They generally pursue careers as cultural heritage curators in the archives and visual fields, as library curators or as lecturers and researchers in the humanities and social sciences. In 2005, the school also introduced master's degrees, to which students were recruited based on an application portfolio, and in 2011 PhD degrees.