Historiography
Determinism means that historians view history as being caused more by certain factors than by other factors.  The two most common types of determinism are geographic determinism and economic determinism.  Geographic determinism means that historians think history is mostly caused by geography.  Frederick Jackson Turner was a proponent of geographic determinism.  Economic determinism means that historians think history is mostly caused by economics.  Charles Beard was a proponent of economic determinism.  Other historians believe that history is caused mostly by politics or mostly by a struggle for natural rights, but these are usually not labeled as determinism.