Caliphate
In the 1920s the Khilafat Movement, a movement to defend the Ottoman Caliphate, spread throughout the British colonial territories in Asia. It was particularly strong in British India, where it formed a rallying point for Indian Muslims and was the one of the many anti-British Indian political movements to enjoy widespread support. Its leaders included Maulana Mohammad Ali, his brother Shawkat Ali, and Abul Kalam Azad, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, and Hasrat Mohani.  For a time it worked in alliance with Hindu communities  and was supported by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi who was a member of the Central Khilafat Committee.  However, the movement lost its momentum after the arrest or flight of its leaders, and a series of offshoots splintered off from the main organization.