Dyeing poison dart frog
Scientists studied the colors on this frog using computers with a learning algorithm.  They wanted to know how different predators, for example humans, reptiles, and birds, could see the frog against the dead leaves on the ground.  They found that, at a short distance, frogs of both color morphs were easy to see.  But further away, both color morphs were hard to see.  Both the blue and yellow colors acted like camouflage.  Scientists think that, because the frog is poisonous, it has bright colors to tell any nearby predator not to eat it.