History of Christianity
Martin Luther was an Augustinian friar and professor at the University of Wittenberg.  In 1517, he published a list of 95 Theses, or points to be debated, concerning the illicitness of selling indulgences.  Luther had a particular disdain for Aristotelian philosophy, and as he began developing his own theology, he increasingly came into conflict with other scholars.  Soon, Luther began to develop his theology of justification, or how one is "made right" (righteous) in the eyes of God.