History of medicine
Under the Babylonians there is written evidence of diagnosis, prognosis, physical examination, and remedies in the 11th century BCE.  There are many medical clay tablets from Mesopotamia.  They show  measures to prevent the spread of disease, accounts of stroke, and an awareness of mental illnesses.    We have many medical documents from Ancient Egypt. Some are in magical terms but some show understanding of anatomy.  According to Herodotus, "the practice of medicine is so specialized among them that each physician is a healer of one disease and no more."