Intermediate cartridge
The first standard issue use of intermediate cartridges date back to the late 19th century with the introduction of the 10x4x38mmR round of the Swiss M1870 Vetterli rifle. This cartridge offered controllable handling when firing and a then high-capacity magazine of 12 rounds, predating the Lee-Metford rifle. Various other intermediate cartridges were used in World War I with the .345 Winchester Self-Loading and .351 WSL, these were in very limited use in firearms such as the Winchester-Burton M1917 automatic rifle and Winchester Model 1907.