Cognitive bias
The notion of cognitive biases was introduced by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in 1972. It grew out of their experience of people's inability to reason with numbers. Tversky, Kahneman, and colleagues showed several repeatable ways in which human judgments and decisions differ from rational choice. The heuristics people use are mental shortcuts which provide swift estimates. Heuristics are simple for the brain to compute but sometimes introduce "severe and systematic errors".