Mahmud II
Mahmud II was born in Istanbul.  He was 23 years old when he came to the throne.  He was an Islamic calligraphy artist, composer and poet.  He wrote poems under the pseudonym "Adli".  He was of a brave, patient and prudent temperament.  He replaced the old military organization maintained by the governors of irregular auxiliaries (sekban - I Cedid).  When the soldiers shortly after arose, he defeated them.  The 1808 revolting insurgents killed Alemdar Mustafa Pasha.