Short Parliament
Charles I of England, who was also king of Scotland, was having problems with the Church of Scotland and war with them was breaking out again.  Charles had spent the last 11 years ruling directly, without calling a Parliament even once.  He did this because he had little use for elected representatives trying to decide policy. But now with the problems with the Scots, Charles needed money to pay for his war. To get more money for war meant he had to call a Parliament so they could vote on it.