It looks like the problem is that the default value is getting inserted
without benefit of conversion, ie, whatever the given text is will get
dropped into the finished tuple without padding/truncation to the
specified char(n) length.

Later, when we try to read out the tuple, the tuple access routines
figure they know how big a char(n) is, so they don't actually look
to see what the varlena count is.  This results in misalignment of
following fields, causing either wrong data readout or a full-bore
crash.

Test case:

CREATE TABLE test (
plt int2 PRIMARY KEY,
state CHAR(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'new',
used boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT 'f',
id int4
);

INSERT INTO test (plt, id) VALUES (2, 3);

Examination of the stored tuple shows it contains 32 bytes of data:

0x400d7f30:     0x00    0x02    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x07
0x400d7f38:     0x6e    0x65    0x77    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x03

which deconstructs as follows:

00 02   	int2 '2' (bigendian hardware here)
00 00		pad space to align varlena char field to long boundary
00 00 00 07	varlena header, size 7 => 3 bytes of actual data (whoops)
6e 65 77	ASCII 'new'
00		boolean 'f' (no pad needed for bool)
00 00 00 03	int4 '3' (no pad, it's on a long boundary already)

But the tuple readout routines will assume without looking that char(5)
occupies 9 bytes altogether, so they pick up the bool field 2 bytes over
from where it actually was put and pick up the int4 field 4 bytes over
from where it should be (due to alignment); result is garbage.  If there
were another varlena field after the char(n) field, they'd pick up a
wrong field length and probably crash.


So, the question still remains "where and why"?  My guess at this point
is that this is a bad side-effect of the fact that text and char(n) are
considered binary-equivalent.  Probably, whatever bit of code ought to
be coercing the default value into the correct type for the column is
deciding that it doesn't have to do anything because they're already
equivalent types.  I'm not sure where to look for that code (help
anyone?).  But I am sure that it needs to be coercing the value to the
specified number of characters for char(n).

It also strikes me that there should be a check in the low-level
tuple construction routines that what they are handed for a char(n)
field is the right length.  If tuple readout is going to assume that
char(n) is always n bytes of data, good software engineering dictates
that the tuple-writing code ought to enforce that assumption.  At
the very least there should be an Assert() for it.

			regards, tom lane

Thu, 13 May 1999 20:56:58 -0400
Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Progress on char(n) default-value problem
> But the tuple readout routines will assume without looking that char(5)
> occupies 9 bytes altogether, so they pick up the bool field 2 bytes over
> from where it actually was put and pick up the int4 field 4 bytes over
> from where it should be (due to alignment); result is garbage.  If there
> were another varlena field after the char(n) field, they'd pick up a
> wrong field length and probably crash.
> 
> 
> So, the question still remains "where and why"?  My guess at this point
> is that this is a bad side-effect of the fact that text and char(n) are
> considered binary-equivalent.  Probably, whatever bit of code ought to
> be coercing the default value into the correct type for the column is
> deciding that it doesn't have to do anything because they're already
> equivalent types.  I'm not sure where to look for that code (help
> anyone?).  But I am sure that it needs to be coercing the value to the
> specified number of characters for char(n).

Good analysis.  I am sure this is a byproduct of my change in 6.? that
allowed optimzation of char() fields by assuming they are all a fixed
length.  Of course, 99% of the time they were, so it never bit us,
except with default.  Not sure if default was added before or after my
optimization.

> It also strikes me that there should be a check in the low-level
> tuple construction routines that what they are handed for a char(n)
> field is the right length.  If tuple readout is going to assume that
> char(n) is always n bytes of data, good software engineering dictates
> that the tuple-writing code ought to enforce that assumption.  At
> the very least there should be an Assert() for it.

At least an Assert().  However, the tuple access routines do an
auto-compute of column offsets on the first table access, so it never
really looks at the tuples in between.  However, an Assert should check
that when you access a char() field, that it is really the proper
length.  Good idea.

BTW, I couldn't find the default stuffing code myself either.

-- 
  Bruce Momjian                        |  http://www.op.net/~candle
  maillist@candle.pha.pa.us            |  (610) 853-3000
  +  If your life is a hard drive,     |  830 Blythe Avenue
  +  Christ can be your backup.        |  Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania 19026

Thu, 13 May 1999 21:09:52 -0400 (EDT)
Bruce Momjian <maillist@candle.pha.pa.us>
Re: [HACKERS] Progress on char(n) default-value problem
Bruce Momjian <maillist@candle.pha.pa.us> writes:
> Good analysis.  I am sure this is a byproduct of my change in 6.? that
> allowed optimzation of char() fields by assuming they are all a fixed
> length.  Of course, 99% of the time they were, so it never bit us,
> except with default.

There's nothing wrong with your optimization --- a char(n) field should
be n characters 100% of the time.  It's the default-insertion code
that's busted.

> At least an Assert().  However, the tuple access routines do an
> auto-compute of column offsets on the first table access, so it never
> really looks at the tuples in between.  However, an Assert should check
> that when you access a char() field, that it is really the proper
> length.  Good idea.

No, I think the Assert ought to be on the output side.  You might never
try to access the char(n) field itself, only the following fields;
if the attcacheoff fields are already set up when you come to the
bogus tuple, an Assert in the reading side wouldn't catch it.

			regards, tom lane

Thu, 13 May 1999 21:32:11 -0400
Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Re: [HACKERS] Progress on char(n) default-value problem 