The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century.[note 7] The "total length of the Rhine", to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232 kilometres (766 miles) by the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat in 2010.[note 1]
What has shortened the Rhine river? 
canalisation projects canalisation projects the river's natural course due to number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century canalisation projects canalisation projects
The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century.[note 7] The "total length of the Rhine", to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232 kilometres (766 miles) by the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat in 2010.[note 1]
The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation projects completed in the nineteenth and twentieth century.[note seven] The "total length of the Rhine", to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as twelve thirty-two kilometres (seven hundred sixty-six miles) by the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat in twenty ten.[note one]
What has shortened the Rhine river? 