275–276
Unpleasant events, 103–104Urges
addiction and, 359crisis urges, 314observing skills and, 55, 
281–282
opposite action and, 231pros and cons skill, 328, 
374–375
vacation, 335, 386–388
Validation. See also  Interpersonal 
effectiveness skills
biosocial theory and, 15dialectics and, 153ending relationships and, 186GIVE ( Gentle, [act] I nterested, 
Validate, and [use an] E asy 
manner) and, 128, 129
guidelines for, 156identifying, 157interpersonal effectiveness 
scripts and, 174
levels of, 129overview, 155–159, 192overview of handouts and 
worksheets for, 113
Walking the Middle Path and, 
149
Values
action steps and, 296–300diary of daily actions on, 300emotion regulation skills and, 
201
ending relationships and, 186FAST ([be] F air, [no] A pologies, 
Stick to values, and [be] 
Truthful) and, 130
list of, 253–255positive emotions and, 252
Verbalizing thoughts or beliefs, 
351
Visual observing
observing skills and, 54, 58overview, 58self-soothing and, 334, 382–384sensory awareness, 337
Vulnerability. See also  Emotional 
vulnerability
biosocial theory and, 14chain analysis and, 20, 21–22, 
31, 35to emotion mind, 247emotion regulation skills and, 
197, 266, 268