A history of such substance use may help increase diagnostic certainty.
Prevalence
There are no epidemiological studies of substance/medication-induced mania or bipolar
disorder. Each etiological substance may have its own individual risk of inducing a bipo-
lar (manic/hypomanic) disorder.
Development and Course
In phencyclidine-induced mania, the initial pres entation may be one of a delirium with af-
fective features, which then becomes an atyp ically appearing manic or mixed manic state.