with nonhallucinogen substance users. Individuals who use halluc inogens exhibit eleva-
tions of nonsubstance mental disorders (espec ially anxiety, depressi ve, and bipolar disor-
ders), particularly with use of ecstasy and salvia. Rates of antisocial personality disorder (but
not conduct disorder) are significantly elevated among individuals with other hallucinogen
use disorder, as are rates of adult antisocial  behavior. However, it is unclear whether the
mental illnesses may be precursors to rather than consequences of other hallucinogen use
disorder (see the section “Risk and Prognostic Factors” for this disorder). Both adults and
adolescents who use ecstasy are mo re likely than other drug us ers to be polydrug users and
to have other drug use disorders. 
Phencyclidine Intoxication
Diagnostic Criteria
A. Recent use of phencyclidine (or a pharmacologically similar substance).
B. Clinically significant problematic behavioral changes (e.g., belligerence, assaultive-
ness, impulsiveness, unpredictability, psychomotor agitation, impaired judgment) that
developed during, or shortly after, phencyclidine use.
C. Within 1 hour, two (or more) of the following signs or symptoms:
Note:  When the drug is smoked, “snorted,” or  used intravenously, the onset may be
particularly rapid.
1. Vertical or horizontal nystagmus.
2. Hypertension or tachycardia.