This section  contains tools and techniques to enhance the clinical deci-
sion-making process, understand the cultural context of mental disorders, and
recognize emerging diagnoses for further study. It provides strategies to en-
hance clinical practice and new criteria to stimulate future research, represent-
ing a dynamic DSM-5 that will evolve with advances in the field.
Among the tools in Section III is a Level 1 cross-cutting self/informant-rated
measure that serves as a review of systems across mental disorders. A clini-
cian-rated severity scale for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders also
is provided, as well as the World He alth Organization Disability Assessment
Schedule, Version 2 (WHODAS 2.0). Level 2 severity measures are available
online (www.psychiatry.org/dsm5) and may be used to explore significant re-
sponses to the Level 1 screen. A comprehensive review of the cultural context
of mental disorders, and the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) for clinical use,
are provided. 
Proposed disorders for future study are provided, which include a new
model for the diagnosis of personality disorders as an alternative to the estab-
lished diagnostic criteria; the proposed m odel incorporates impairments in per-
sonality functioning as well as pathological personality traits. Also included are
new conditions that are the focus of active research, such as attenuated psy-
chosis syndrome and nonsuicidal self-injury.