692 Paraphilic Disorders
Specify if:
In a controlled environment:  This specifier is primarily applicable to individuals living
in institutional or other settings where opportunities to touch or rub against a noncon-
senting person are restricted. 
In full remission:  The individual has not acted on the urges with a nonconsenting per-
son, and there has been no distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other ar-
eas of functioning, for at least 5 years while in an uncontrolled environment.
Specifiers
The “in remission” specifier does not address the continued presence or absence of frot-
teurism per se, which may still be present af ter behaviors and distress have remitted. 
Diagnostic Features
The diagnostic criteria for frotteuristic disord er can apply both to in dividuals who relatively
freely disclose this paraphilia and to those wh o firmly deny any sexual attraction from touch-
ing or rubbing against a nonconsenting individual regardless of considerable objective evi-
dence to the contrary. If disclo sing individuals also report psychosocial impairment due to
their sexual preferences for touching or ru bbing against a nonconsenting individual, they
could be diagnosed with frotteuristic disorder. In  contrast, if they declare no distress (demon-
strated by lack of anxiety, ob sessions, guilt, or shame) about these paraphilic impulses and are
not impaired in other im portant areas of functioning because of this sexual interest, and their
psychiatric or legal histories indicate that they  do not act on it, they could be ascertained as
having frotteuristic sexual interest but should not  be diagnosed with frotteuristic disorder.
Nondisclosing individuals include, for in stance, individuals known to have been
touching or rubbing against nonconsenting individuals on separate occasions but who