dysregulation disorder. Rates of bipolar disorder generally are very low prior to adoles-
cence (<1%), with a steady increase into early adulthood (1%–2% prevalence). Disruptive
mood dysregulation disorder is more common th an bipolar disorder prior to adolescence,
and symptoms of the condition generally be come less common as children transition into
adulthood. 
Risk and Prognostic Factors 
Temperamental. Children with chronic irritability typically exhibit complicated psy-
chiatric histories. In such children, a relati vely extensive history of chronic irritability is