given if the onset of the panic or anxiety symptoms precedes the substance/medication in-
toxication or withdrawal, or if the symptoms persist for a subs tantial period of time (i.e.,
usually longer than 1 month) from the time of severe intoxication or withdrawal. If the
panic or anxiety symptoms persist for substantial periods of time, other causes for the
symptoms should be considered.
The substance/medication-ind uced anxiety disorder diagnosis should be made in-
stead of a diagnosis of substance intoxication or substance withdrawal only when the
symptoms in Criterion A are predominant in th e clinical picture and are sufficiently severe
to warrant independent clinical attention.
Associated Features Supporting Diagnosis