nia. Rates of obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder are elevated in individuals
with schizophrenia compared with the general population. Schizotypal or paranoid per-
sonality disorder may sometimes pr ecede the onset of schizophrenia.
Life expectancy is reduced in individual s with schizophrenia because of associated
medical conditions. Weight gain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular and
pulmonary disease are more common in schi zophrenia than in the general population.
Poor engagement in health maintenance behavi ors (e.g., cancer screening, exercise) in-
creases the risk of chronic disease, but other disorder factors, including medications, life-
style, cigarette smoking, and diet, may also  play a role. A shared vulnerability for
psychosis and medical disorders may explain so me of the medical comorbidity of schizo-
phrenia. 
Schizoaffective Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria  
A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major
depressive or manic) concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia.
Note:  The major depressive episode must include Criterion A1: Depressed mood.
B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood epi-
sode (depressive or manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness. 
C. Symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of
the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness.
D. The disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse,
a medication) or another medical condition.