sonable self-reproach 
grossly out of propor-
tion to circumstances)
VIII. Mania ❑ Not present ❑ Equivocal (occasional 
elevated, expansive, 
or irritable mood or 
some restlessness)❑ Present, but mild (fre-
quent periods of 
somewhat elevated, 
expansive, or irritable 
mood or restlessness)❑ Present and moderate 
(frequent periods of 
extensively elevated, 
expansive, or irritable 
mood or restlessness)❑ Present and severe 
(daily and extensively 
elevated, expansive, 
or irritable mood or 
restlessness)
Note.  SD=standard deviation; SES=socioeconomic status.