ness, and disturbed nocturnal sleep (i.e., movements, insomnia, and vivid dreaming).
Subtypes
In narcolepsy without cataplexy but with hypocretin deficiency, unclear “cataplexy-like”
symptoms may be reported (e.g., the symptoms are not triggered by emotions and are un-
usually long lasting). In extremely rare cases,  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of hypocre-
tin-1 are low, and polysomnographic/multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) results are
negative: repeating the test is advised before  establishing the subtype diagnosis. In narco-