der, conduct disorder). Examples include isol ated antisocial acts by children or adoles-
cents (not a pattern of antisocial behavior).
Problems Related to Access to Medical 
and Other Health Care
V63.9 (Z75.3) Unavailability or Inaccessibility of Health Care Facilities
V63.8 (Z75.4) Unavailability or Inaccessibility of Other Helping Agencies
Nonadherence to Medical Treatment
V15.81 (Z91.19) Nonadherence to Medical Treatment
This category can be used when the focus of clinical attention is nonadherence to an im-
portant aspect of treatment for a mental diso rder or another medica l condition. Reasons
for such nonadherence may include discomfort  resulting from treatment (e.g., medication
side effects), expense of treatment, personal value judgments or religious or cultural be-
liefs about the proposed treatment, age-related debility, and the presence of a mental dis-
order (e.g., schizophrenia, personality disorder ). This category should be used only when
the problem is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention and does not
meet diagnostic criteria fo r psychological factors affect ing other medical conditions.
278.00 (E66.9) Overweight or Obesity
This category may be used when overweight or  obesity is a focus of clinical attention.
V65.2 (Z76.5) Malingering
The essential feature of malingering is the inte ntional production of false or grossly exag-
gerated physical or psychologi cal symptoms, motivated by external incentives such as
avoiding military duty, avoiding work, obta ining financial compensation, evading crimi-
nal prosecution, or obtaining drugs. Under some circumstances, malingering may repre-