809Highlights of Changes From
DSM-IV to DSM-5
Changes made to DSM-5  diagnostic criteria and text s are outlined in this chapter
in the same order in which they appear in the DSM-5 classification. This abbreviated descrip-
tion is intended to orient readers to only the most significant changes in each disorder cate-
gory. An expanded description of nearly all changes (e.g., except minor text or wording
changes needed for clarity) is available online (www.psychiatry.org/ds m5). It should also be
noted that Section I contains a description of changes pertaining to the chapter organization
in DSM-5, the multiaxial sy stem, and the introduction of dimensional assessments.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The term mental retardation  was used in DSM-IV. However, intellectual disability (intel-
lectual developmental disorder)  is the term that has come into common use over the past
two decades among medical, ed ucational, and other professi onals, and by the lay public
and advocacy groups. Diagnostic criteria em phasize the need for an assessment of both
cognitive capacity (IQ) and adaptive functionin g. Severity is determined by adaptive func-
tioning rather than IQ score.
The communication disorders,  which are newly named from DSM-IV phonological dis-
order and stuttering, respectively, include language disorder  (which combines the previous
expressive and mixed receptive-ex pressive language disorders), speech sound disorder  (pre-
viously phonological disorder), and childhood-onset fluency disorder  (previously stutter-
ing). Also included is social (pragmatic) communication disorder,  a new condition involving
persistent difficulties in the social us es of verbal and nonverbal communication.
Autism spectrum disorder  is a new DSM-5 disorder encompassing the previous DSM-