The worries about panic attacks or their co nsequences usually pertain to physical con-
cerns, such as worry that panic attacks refl ect the presence of life-threatening illnesses
(e.g., cardiac disease, seizure disorder); social concerns, such  as embarrassment or fear of
being judged negatively by others because of visible panic symptoms; and concerns about
mental functioning, such as “going crazy” or  losing control (Criterion B). The maladaptive
changes in behavior represent attempts to mi nimize or avoid panic attacks or their conse-