Each alcohol-induced mental disorder is listed  in the relevant diagnostic section and there-
fore only a brief description is offered here. Alcohol-induced disorder s must have developed
in the context of severe intoxication and/or wi thdrawal from the substance capable of produc-
ing the mental disorder. In addition, there must  be evidence that the disorder being observed
is not likely to be better expl ained by another non-alcohol-indu ced mental disorder. The latter
is likely to occur if the mental  disorder was present before the severe intoxication or with-
drawal, or continued more than 1 month after the cessation of severe intoxication and/or with-
drawal. When symptoms are observed only during a delirium, they should be considered part
of the delirium and not diagnosed separately, as  many symptoms (including disturbances in
mood, anxiety, and reality testin g) are commonly seen during ag itated, confused states. The al-
cohol-induced disorder must be clinically relevant, causing significant levels of distress or sig-
nificant functional impairment. Finally, there are indications that the intake of substances of
abuse in the context of a preexisting mental disorder are likely to result in an intensification of
the preexisting independent syndrome. 
The features associated with each relevant  major mental disorder (e.g., psychotic epi-
sodes, major depressive disorder) are similar whether observed with an independent or an
alcohol-induced condition. However, indivi duals with alcohol-induced disorders are
likely to also demonstrate the associated feat ures seen with an alcohol use disorder, as
listed in the subsections of this chapter.
Rates of alcohol-induced diso rders vary somewhat by diag nostic category. For exam-
ple, the lifetime risk for major depressive epis odes in individuals with alcohol use disorder