685Paraphilic
 Disorders
Paraphilic disorders  included in this manual are voyeuristic disorder (spying on
others in private activities), exhibitionisti c disorder (exposing th e genitals), frotteuristic
disorder (touching or rubbin g against a nonconsenting individual), sexual masochism
disorder (undergoing humiliation , bondage, or suffering), se xual sadism disorder (inflict-
ing humiliation, bondage, or suffering), pedophilic disorder (sexual focus on children), fe-
tishistic disorder (using nonliv ing objects or having a highly specific focus on nongenital
body parts), and transvestic disorder (engaging in sexua lly arousing cross-dressing).
These disorders have tr aditionally been selected for specific listing and assignment of ex-
plicit diagnostic criteria in DSM for two main  reasons: they are relatively common, in re-
lation to other paraphilic disorders, and some  of them entail actions for their satisfaction
that, because of their noxiousness or potentia l harm to others, are classed as criminal of-
fenses. The eight listed disorders do not exha ust the list of possible  paraphilic disorders.
Many dozens of distinct paraphilias have be en identified and named, and almost any of
them could, by virtue of its negative consequences for the individual or for others, rise to
the level of a paraphilic disorder. The diagno ses of the other specified and unspecified
paraphilic disorders are therefore indispensable and will be required in many cases.
In this chapter, the order of  presentation of the listed paraphilic disorders generally
corresponds to common classification scheme s for these conditions. The first group of
disorders is based on anomalous activi ty preferences.  These disorders are subdivided into