By revising and clarifying these criteria in  DSM-5, we hope to alleviate some of the
widespread misunderstanding about these issues.
•Enhanced specificity for major and mild neurocognitive disorders. Given the explo-
sion in neuroscience, neuropsychology, and br ain imaging over the pa st 20 years, it was
critical to convey the current state-of-the-art  in the diagnosis of specific types of disor-
ders that were previously referred to as the “dementias” or organic brain diseases. Bi-
ological markers identified by imaging for vascular and traumatic brain disorders and