stances are available both by prescription an d illegally. Some individuals who obtain these
substances by prescription will develop a seda tive, hypnotic, or anxi olytic use disorder,
while others who misuse these substances or use them for intoxicati on will not develop a
use disorder. In particular, sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics with rapid onset and/or
short to intermediate lengths of action may be taken for intoxicati on purposes, although
longer acting substances in this clas s may be taken for intoxication as well.
Craving (Criterion A4), either while using or during a period of abstinence, is a typical
feature of sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder. Misuse of substances from this
class may occur on its own or in conjunction with use of other substances. For example, in-
dividuals may use intoxicating doses of se datives or benzodiaze pines to “come down”
from cocaine or amphetamines or use high doses of benzodiazepines in combination with
methadone to “boost” its effects. 
Repeated absences or poor work performance, school absences, suspensions or expul-
sions, and neglect of children or household (Criterion A5) may be related to sedative, hyp-
notic, or anxiolytic use disorder, as may the continued use of the substances despite
arguments with a spouse abou t consequences of intoxication or despite physical fights
(Criterion A6). Limiting contact with family or  friends, avoiding work or school, or stop-
ping participation in hobbies, sports, or games (Criterion A7) and recurrent sedative,
hypnotic, or anxiolytic use when driving an automobile or operatin g a machine when im-