cally significant depressive disorders during in toxication, while anxiet y conditions are likely
to be observed during withdrawal syndromes from these substances. Also, during intoxica-
tion, the more stimulating substances (e.g., am phetamines and cocaine) are likely to be as-
sociated with substance-induced psychoti c disorders and substance-induced anxiety
disorders, with substance-indu ced major depressive episodes observed during withdrawal.
Both the more sedating and mo re stimulating drugs are likely to produce significant but
temporary sleep and sexual dist urbances. An overview of the relationship between specific
categories of substanc es and specific psychiatric syndromes is presented in Table 1.
The medication-induced conditions includ e what are often idiosyncratic CNS reac-
tions or relatively extreme examples of side effects for a wide range of medications taken
for a variety of medical concerns. These includ e neurocognitive complications of anesthet-
ics, antihistamines, antihypertensives, and a variety of other medications and toxins (e.g.,
organophosphates, insecticides, carbon monoxi de), as described in the chapter on neuro-
cognitive disorders. Psychotic syndromes may be temporarily experienced in the context
of anticholinergic, cardiovascul ar, and steroid drugs, as well  as during use of stimulant-
like and depressant-like prescription or over-the-counter drugs. Temporary but severe
mood disturbances can be observed with a wi de range of medications, including steroids,
antihypertensives, disulfiram, and any prescription or over-the- counter depressant or
stimulant-like substances. A similar range of medications can be associated with tempo-
rary anxiety syndromes, sexual dysfunct ions, and conditions of disturbed sleep.