“not mine” and/or are “not under my control.” Although most Criterion A symptoms are
subjective, many of these sudden discontinuitie s in speech, affect, and behavior can be wit-
nessed by family, friends, or the clinician.  Non-epileptic seizures and other conversion
symptoms are prominent in some presentation s of dissociative identity disorder, espe-
cially in some non-Western settings.
The dissociative amnesia of in dividuals with dissociative id entity disorder manifests in
three primary ways: as 1) gaps in remote me mory of personal life events (e.g., periods of
childhood or adolescence; some important lif e events, such as the death of a grandparent,
getting married, giving birth); 2) lapses in  dependable memory (e.g., of what happened
today, of well-learned skills such as how to do  their job, use a computer, read, drive); and
3) discovery of evidence of their everyday ac tions and tasks that they do not recollect do-
ing (e.g., finding unexplained objects in thei r shopping bags or am ong their possessions;
finding perplexing writings or drawings that they must have created; discovering injuries;
“coming to” in the midst of doing something). Dissociative fugues, wherein the person
discovers dissociated travel, are common. Thus, individuals with dissociative identity dis-
order may report that they have suddenly found themselves at the beach, at work, in a night-
club, or somewhere at home (e.g., in the clos et, on a bed or sofa, in the corner) with no
memory of how they came to be there. Amnesia in individuals with dissociative identity dis-
order is not limited to stressful or traumati c events; these individuals often cannot recall