ditions (e.g., pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, tetanu s, heat stroke).
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome also must  be distinguished from similar syndromes
resulting from the use of other substances or medications, such as serotonin syndrome;
parkinsonian hyperthermia syndrome following abrupt discontinuation of dopamine ag-
onists; alcohol or sedative withdrawal; malignant hyperthe rmia occurring during anes-
thesia; hyperthermia associated with abuse of stimulants and hallucinogens; and atropine
poisoning from anticholinergics.
In rare instances, individuals with schizophrenia or a mood diso rder may present with
malignant catatonia, which ma y be indistinguishable from neuroleptic malignant syn-
drome. Some investigators consider neurol eptic malignant syndrome to be a drug-
induced form of malignant catatonia.
Medication-Induced Acute Dystonia
333.72 (G24.02) Medication-Induced Acute Dystonia
Abnormal and prolonged contract ion of the muscles of the ey es (oculogyric crisis), head,
neck (torticollis or retrocollis), limbs, or trunk developing within a few days of starting or
raising the dosage of a medication (such as a neuroleptic) or after reducing the dosage of a
medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms.
Medication-Induced Acute Akathisia
333.99 (G25.71) Medication-Induced Acute Akathisia
Subjective complaints of restlessness, ofte n accompanied by observed excessive move-
ments (e.g., fidgety movements of  the legs, rocking from foot to  foot, pacing, inability to sit