years recognize that their anxiet y is excessive or unreasonable . Instead, the anxiety must be
out of proportion to the actual danger or threat  in the situation, after cultural contextual fac-
tors are taken into account. In addition, the 6-month duration is now extended to all ages.
Panic attacks  can now be listed as a specifier that is applicable to all DSM-5 disorders. Panic
disorder  and agoraphobia  are unlinked in DSM-5. Thus, the former DSM-IV diagnoses of
panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, and agoraphobia
without history of panic disorder are now replaced by two diagnoses, panic disorder and ag-
oraphobia, each with separate crit eria. The “generalized” specifier for social anxiety disor-
der has been deleted and replaced with a “performance only” specifier. Separation anxiety
disorder  and selective mutism  are now classified as anxiety di sorders. The wording of the
criteria is modified to more adequately repres ent the expression of se paration anxiety symp-
toms in adulthood. Also, in contrast to DSM-IV, the diagnostic criteria no longer specify that
onset must be before age 18 years, and a duration statement—“typically lasting for 6 months
or more”—has been added for adults to minimize overdia gnosis of transient fears.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
The chapter “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” is new in DSM-5. New disor-
ders include hoarding disorder, excoriation (skin-pi cking) disorder, substance/medica-
tion-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder,  and obsessive-compulsive and
related disorder due to another medical condition.  The DSM-IV diagnosis of trichotillo-