Antagonism (vs. Agreeableness), Disinhibition  (vs. Conscientiousness), and Psychoticism
(vs. Lucidity)—comprising 25 specific personalit y trait facets. Table 3 provides definitions
of all personality domains and facets. These five broad domains are maladaptive variants
of the five domains of the extensively valid ated and replicated personality model known
as the “Big Five”, or Five Factor Model of pe rsonality (FFM), and are also similar to the do-
mains of the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5). The specific 25 facets represent a
list of personality facets chosen for their clinical relevance.
Although the Trait Model focuses on persona lity traits associated with psychopathol-
ogy, there are healthy, adaptive, and resilien t personality traits identified as the polar
opposites of these traits, as noted in the pa rentheses above (i.e., Em otional Stability, Ex-
traversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Lucidity). Their presence can greatly
mitigate the effects of mental disorders and facilitate coping and re covery from traumatic
injuries and other medical illness.
Distinguishing Traits, Symptoms, and Specific Behaviors
Although traits are by no means immutable and do change throughout the life span, they
show relative consistency compared with sy mptoms and specific behaviors. For example,
a person may behave impulsively at a specific ti me for a specific reason (e.g., a person who
is rarely impulsive suddenly decides to spend a great deal of money on a particular item
because of an unusual opportunity to purchase  something of unique value), but it is only
when behaviors aggregate across time and circumstance, such that a pattern of behavior
distinguishes between individuals, that they re flect traits. Nevertheless, it is important to