some conduct problems that ar e premeditated and do not occur during periods of intense
emotional arousal). In those cases in which cr iteria for conduct disorder and a mood dis-
order are met, both diagnoses can be given. 
Intermittent explosive disorder. Both conduct disorder and intermittent explosive dis-
order involve high rates of aggression. However, the aggression in individuals with inter-
mittent explosive disorder is limited to impu lsive aggression and is not premeditated, and
it is not committed in order to achieve some tangible objectiv e (e.g., money, power, intim-
idation). Also, the definition of intermittent  explosive disorder does not include the non-
aggressive symptoms of conduct disorder. If criteria for both  disorders are met, the diag-
nosis of intermittent explosive disorder sh ould be given only when  the recurrent impul-
sive aggressive outbursts warrant in dependent clinical attention. 
Adjustment disorders. The diagnosis of an adjustment di sorder (with disturbance of con-
duct or with mixed disturbance of emotions an d conduct) should be co nsidered if clinically
significant conduct problems that  do not meet the criteria for another specific disorder de-
velop in clear association with the onset of a psychosocial stressor and do not resolve within
6 months of the termination of the stressor (o r its consequences). Cond uct disorder is diag-
nosed only when the conduct problems represen t a repetitive and pers istent pattern that is
associated with impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
Comorbidity
ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder are both common in individuals with conduct
disorder, and this comorbid presentation pr edicts worse outcomes.  Individuals who show
the personality features associated with anti social personality disorder often violate the