tional defiant disorder, in which the criteria  are more evenly distributed between emotions
(anger and irritation) and be haviors (argumentati veness and defiance). Pyromania and
kleptomania are less commonly used diagnoses characterized by poor impulse control re-
lated to specific behaviors (fire setting or stealing) that reliev e internal tension. Other speci-
fied disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorder is a category for conditions in which
there are symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or other disruptive,
impulse-control, and conduct disorders, but th e number of symptoms does not meet the di-
agnostic threshold for any of th e disorders in this chapter, even though there is evidence of
clinically significant impairment  associated with the symptoms. 
The disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders all tend to be more common in
males than in females, although the relative degree of male predominance may differ both
across disorders and within a disorder at differe nt ages. The disorders in  this chapter tend to
have first onset in childhood or adolescence. In fact, it is very rare for ei ther conduct disorder or
oppositional defiant disorder to first emerge in adulthood. There is a developmental relation-
ship between oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, in th at most cases of con-
duct disorder previously would have met criteria for opposition al defiant disorder, at least in
those cases in which conduct disorder emerges prior to adolescence. However, most children
with oppositional defiant disorder do not ev entually develop conduct disorder. Furthermore,
children with opposition al defiant disorder are at risk fo r eventually developing other prob-
lems besides conduct disorder, includ ing anxiety and depr essive disorders.
Many of the symptoms that define the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disor-
ders are behaviors that can occur to some degree in typically developing individuals.