sonality disorder can be distinguished from th at of avoidant personality disorder, which is
attributable to fear of being embarrassed or  found inadequate and excessive anticipation
of rejection. In contrast, people with schizoid personality disorder have a more pervasive
detachment and limited desire for social in timacy. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder may also show an apparent social detachment stemming from devo-
tion to work and discomfort wi th emotions, but they do have  an underlying capacity for
intimacy.
Individuals who are “loners” may display pe rsonality traits that might be considered
schizoid. Only when these trai ts are inflexible and maladaptive and cause significant func-
tional impairment or subjective distress do they constitute schizoid personality disorder.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria 301.22 (F21)
A. A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort
with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual
distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in
a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:
1. Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference).
2. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with
subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or
“sixth sense”; in children and adolescents,  bizarre fantasies or preoccupations).
3. Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.
4. Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate,
or stereotyped).
5. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.