632 Neurocognitive Disorders
Comorbidity
Substance use disorders, substance intoxicati on, and substance withdrawal are highly co-
morbid with other mental disorders. Comorb id posttraumatic stre ss disorder, psychotic
disorders, depressive and bi polar disorders, and neurodev elopmental disorders can con-
tribute to neurocognitive impairment in substance users. Traumatic brain injury occurs
more frequently with substance use, complicati ng efforts to determine the etiology of NCD
in such cases. Severe, long-term alcohol use disorder can be associated with major organ
system disease, including cerebrovascular disease and cirrhosis. Amphetamine-induced
NCD may be accompanied by major or mild vascular NCD, also secondary to amphet-
amine use.
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
 Due to HIV Infection
Diagnostic Criteria  
A. The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.
B. There is documented infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
C. The neurocognitive disorder is not bette r explained by non-HIV conditions, including
secondary brain diseases such as progre ssive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or
cryptococcal meningitis.
D. The neurocognitive disorder is not attribut able to another medical condition and is not
better explained by a mental disorder.
Coding note: For major neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection, with behavioral dis-
turbance, code first 042 (B20)  HIV infection, followed by 294.11 (F02.81)  major neurocog-
nitive disorder due to HIV infection, with behavioral disturbance. For major neurocognitive
disorder due to HIV infection, without behavioral disturbance, code first 042 (B20)  HIV in-