or counterexample.
The distinctive symptoms of taijin kyofusho  occur in specific cultural contexts and, to
some extent, with more severe social anxiet y across cultures. Simila r syndromes are found
in Korea and other societies that place a st rong emphasis on the self-conscious mainte-
nance of appropriate social behavior in hierarchical interpersonal relationships. Taijin kyo-
fusho –like symptoms have also b een described in other cultural contexts, including the
United States, Australia, and New Zealand.
Related conditions in other cultural contexts:  Taein kong po  in Korea.
Related conditions in DSM-5:  Social anxiety disorder, bo dy dysmorphic disorder, de-
lusional disorder, obsessive-co mpulsive disorder, olfactory re ference syndrome (a type of
other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder ). Olfactory reference syndrome
is related specifically to the jikoshu-kyofu variant of taijin kyofusho,  whose core symptom is
the concern that the person emits an offensive body odor. This presentation is seen in var-
ious cultures outside Japan.