tent course over many years. It also appears to be quite common regardless of the presence
or absence of attentio n-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or disruptive, impulse-
control, and conduct disorders (e.g., conduct disorder, oppo sitional defiant disorder). 
Risk and Prognostic Factors 
Environmental. Individuals with a history of physica l and emotional trauma during the
first two decades of life are at increased risk for intermittent  explosive disorder.