Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention 727
sent adaptive behavior—for example, feigni ng illness while a captive of the enemy during
wartime. Malingering should be strongly suspected if any combination of the following is
noted:
1. Medicolegal context of presentation (e.g., th e individual is referred by an attorney to
the clinician for examination, or the indivi dual self-refers while litigation or criminal
charges are pending).
2. Marked discrepancy between the individual’s  claimed stress or disability and the ob-
jective findings and observations.
3. Lack of cooperation during the diagnostic evaluation and in complying with the pre-
scribed treatment regimen.
4. The presence of antisocial personality disorder.
Malingering differs from factitious disorder  in that the motiva tion for the symptom
production in malingering is an external ince ntive, whereas in factit ious disorder external
incentives are absent. Malingering is differen tiated from conversion  disorder and somatic
symptom–related mental disorders by the inte ntional production of symptoms and by the
obvious external incentives assoc iated with it. Definite evidence of feigning (such as clear
evidence that loss of function is present du ring the examination but not at home) would
suggest a diagnosis of factitious  disorder if the individual’s apparent aim is to assume the
sick role, or malingering if it is to obtain an incentive, such as money.
V40.31 (Z91.83) Wandering Associated With a Mental Disorder
This category is used for individuals with a mental disorder whose desire to walk about
leads to significant clinical management or safety concerns. For example, individuals with
major neurocognitive or neurodevelopmental disorders may experience  a restless urge to