disorder is diagnosed, the cultural terms and explanations should be included in case for-
mulations; they may help clarify symptoms and etiological a ttributions that could other-
wise be confusing. Individuals whose sympto ms do not meet DSM criteria for a specific
mental disorder may still expect  and require treatment; this should be assessed on a case-
by-case basis. In addition to the CFI and its supplementary modules, DSM-5 contains the
following information and tools that may be useful when integrating cultural information
in clinical practice:
•Data in DSM-5 criteria and text for specific disorders:  The text includes information
on cultural variations in prevalence, sy mptomatology, associate d cultural concepts,
and other clinical aspects. It is important to emphasize that there is no one-to-one cor-
respondence at the categorical level between  DSM disorders and cultural concepts. Dif-
ferential diagnosis for individuals must th erefore incorporate in formation on cultural
variation with information elicited by the CFI.
•Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention: Some of the clinical con-
cerns identified by the CFI may correspond to V codes or Z code s—for example, accul-
turation problems, parent-child relational pr oblems, or religious or spiritual problems.
•Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress:  Located in the Appendix, this glossary pro-
vides examples of well-studied cultural concepts of distress  that illustrate the relevance
of cultural information for c linical diagnosis and s ome of the interrelationships among
cultural syndromes, idioms of di stress, and causal explanations.