Borderline Personality Disorder 663
manipulative to gain nurturance, whereas thos e with antisocial personality disorder are
manipulative to gain profit, po wer, or some other material gratification. Individuals with
antisocial personality disorder tend to be less emotionally unstable and more aggressive
than those with borderline personality disorder. Although antisocial behavior may be
present in some individuals with paranoid pe rsonality disorder, it is not usually moti-
vated by a desire for personal gain  or to exploit others as in antisocial personality disorder,
but rather is more often attributable to a desire for revenge.
Criminal behavior not associated  with a personality disorder. Antisocial personality
disorder must be distinguished from criminal behavior undertaken for gain that is not ac-
companied by the personality features characteristic of this disorder. Only when antisocial
personality traits are inflexible, maladaptive, and persistent and cause significant func-
tional impairment or subjective distress do th ey constitute antisocial personality disorder.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria 301.83 (F60.3)
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects,
and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts,
as indicated by five (or more) of the following:
1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. ( Note:  Do not include suicidal
or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.)
2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternat-
ing between extremes of idealization and devaluation.
3. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.
4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex,