the same chapter. Clinicians are encouraged to  screen for these cond itions in individuals
who present with one of them and be aware of overlaps between these conditions. At the
same time, there are important differences in  diagnostic validators and treatment ap-
proaches across these disorders. Moreover, there are close relationships between the anx-
iety disorders and some of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (e.g., OCD),
which is reflected in the sequence of DSM-5 chapters, with obsessive-compulsive and re-
lated disorders following anxiety disorders. 
The obsessive-compulsive and related diso rders differ from developmentally norma-
tive preoccupations and rituals by being exce ssive or persisting beyond developmentally
appropriate periods. The distinction between the presence of subclinical symptoms and a
clinical disorder requires assessment of a nu mber of factors, including the individual’s
level of distress and impa irment in functioning. 
The chapter begins with OCD. It then co vers body dysmorphic disorder and hoarding
disorder, which are characterized by cognit ive symptoms such as perceived defects or
flaws in physical appearance or the perceived need to save possessions, respectively. The
chapter then covers trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) and excoriation (skin-picking)
disorder, which are characterized by recurrent body-focused repetitive behaviors. Finally,
it covers substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive an d related disorder,
obsessive-compulsive and relate d disorder due to another me dical condition, and other
specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder and unspecified obsessive-compul-
sive and related disorder.
While the specific content of obsessions and compulsions varies among individuals,
certain symptom dimensions are common in OCD, including th ose of cleaning (contami-