798 Conditions for Further Study
to Internet gaming disorder, and future rese arch on other excessive uses of the Internet
would need to follow similar guidelines as suggested herein. Excessive gambling online
may qualify for a separate diagnosis of gambling disorder.
Comorbidity
Health may be neglected due to compulsive ga ming. Other diagnoses that may be associ-
ated with Internet gaming disorder incl ude major depressive disorder, ADHD, and OCD.
Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated
With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Proposed Criteria
A. More than minimal exposure to alcohol during gestation, including prior to pregnancy
recognition. Confirmation of gestational exposure to alcohol may be obtained from ma-
ternal self-report of alcohol use in pregnancy, medical or other records, or clinical ob-
servation. 
B. Impaired neurocognitive functioning as manifested by one or more of the following:
1. Impairment in global intellectual performance (i.e., IQ of 70 or below, or a standard
score of 70 or below on a comprehensive developmental assessment).
2. Impairment in executive functioning (e.g., poor planning and organization; inflexi-
bility; difficulty with behavioral inhibition).
3. Impairment in learning (e.g., lower academic achievement than expected for intel-
lectual level; specific learning disability).
4. Memory impairment (e.g., problems remembering information learned recently;
repeatedly making the same mistakes; difficulty remembering lengthy verbal in-
structions).
5. Impairment in visual-spatial reasoning (e.g., disorganized or poorly planned draw-
ings or constructions; problems differentiating left from right).
C. Impaired self-regulation as manifested by one or more of the following:
1. Impairment in mood or behavioral regulation (e.g., mood lability; negative affect or
irritability; frequent behavioral outbursts).