rary anxiety syndromes, sexual dysfunct ions, and conditions of disturbed sleep.
In general, to be considered a substance/ medication-induced mental disorder, there
must be evidence that the diso rder being observed is not likely to be better explained by an
independent mental condition. The latter are most likely to be seen if the mental disorder
was present before the severe intoxication or withdrawal or medication administration, or,
with the exception of several substance-induced persisting disorders listed in Table 1, con-
tinued more than 1 month after cessation of acute withdrawal, severe intoxication, or use