clues. It is also critical to determine that the difficulties are related to cognitive loss rather
than to motor or sensory limitations. 
Neuropsychological testing,  with performance compared with norms appropriate to
the patient’s age, educational attainment, and cultural background, is part of the standard
evaluation of NCDs and is part icularly critical in the evaluation of mild NCD. For major
NCD, performance is typically 2 or more standard deviations below appropriate norms