diagnosed. Paranoid personality disorder an d schizotypal personality disorder share the
traits of suspiciousness, interpersonal aloofne ss, and paranoid ideati on, but schizotypal per-
sonality disorder also includes symptoms such as magical thinking, unusual perceptual ex-
periences, and odd thinking and speech. Indivi duals with behaviors th at meet criteria for
schizoid personality disorder ar e often perceived as strange, ec centric, cold, and aloof, but
they do not usually have prominent paranoid ideation. The tendency of individuals with
paranoid personality disorder to react to minor stimuli with anger is also seen in borderline
and histrionic personality disorders. However, these disord ers are not necessarily associ-
ated with pervasive suspiciousness. People with avoidant personality disorder may also be
reluctant to confide in others, but more from fear of being embarrassed or found inadequate
than from fear of others’ malicious intent. Although antisocial behavior may be present in
some individuals with paranoid personality diso rder, it is not usually motivated by a desire
for personal gain or to exploit others as in an tisocial personality diso rder, but rather is more
often attributable to a desire for revenge. In dividuals with narcissistic personality disorder
may occasionally display suspiciousness, social withdrawal, or alienation, but this derives
primarily from fears of having thei r imperfections or flaws revealed. 
Paranoid traits may be adaptive, particul arly in threatening environments. Paranoid
personality disorder should be  diagnosed only when these tr aits are inflexible, maladap-
tive, and persisting and cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria 301.20 (F60.1)
A. A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of