symptoms observed in 59%–98% in selected samples of ecstasy users. Both psychological
and physical problems have been common ly reported as withdrawal problems. 
Associated Features Supporting Diagnosis 
The characteristic symptom feat ures of some of the hallucinogens can aid in diagnosis if
urine or blood toxicology result s are not available. For exam ple, individuals who use LSD
tend to experience visual hallucinations that  can be frightening. Individuals intoxicated
with hallucinogens may exhibit a temporary increase in suicidality. 
Prevalence
Of all substance use disorders, other hallucinogen use disorder is one of the rarest. The
12-month prevalence is estimated to be 0.5% among 12- to 17-year-olds and 0.1% among
adults age 18 and older in the United States. Rates are higher in adult males (0.2%) compared
with females (0.1%), but the oppo site is observed in adolescent samples ages 12–17, in which
the 12-month rate is slightly higher in females (0 .6%) than in males (0.4%). Rates are highest in
individuals younger than 30 years, with the peak occurring in individuals ages 18–29 years
(0.6%) and decreasing to virtually 0.0% among individuals age 45 and older. 
There are marked ethnic differences in 12-mo nth prevalence of ot her hallucinogen use
disorder. Among youths ages 12–17 years, 12-month prevalence is higher among Native
Americans and Alaska Natives (1.2%) than am ong Hispanics (0.6%), whites (0.6%), Afri-
can Americans (0.2%), and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (0.2%). Among adults,
12-month prevalence of other hallucinogen use disorder is similar for Native Americans