his/her [PROBLEM] worse, such as diffi-
culties with money, or family problems?
ROLE OF CULTURAL  IDENTITY
Sometimes, aspects of people’s background 
or identity can make the [PROBLEM] better 
or worse. By background or identity,  I mean, 
for example, the commun ities you belong to, 
the languages you speak, where you or your 
family are from, your race or ethnic back-
ground, your gender or sexual orientation, 
and your faith or religion.
Ask the informant to reflect on the most salient ele-
ments of the individual’s cu ltural identity. Use this 
information to tailor questions 10–11 as needed.9. For you, what are the most important 
aspects of [INDIVIDUAL’S] background or 
identity?
Elicit aspects of identity that make the problem bet-
ter or worse.
Probe as needed (e.g., cl inical worsening as a result 
of discrimination due to  migration status, race/
ethnicity, or sexual orientation).10. Are there any aspects of [INDIVIDUAL’S] 
background or identity that make a differ-
ence to his/her [PROBLEM]?
Probe as needed (e.g., migration-related problems; 
conflict across generations or due to gender roles).11. Are there any aspects of [INDIVIDUAL’S] 
background or identity that are causing 
other concerns or difficulties for him/her?Cultural Formulation Interv iew (CFI)—Informant Version (continued)
GUIDE TO INTERVIEWERINSTRUCTIONS TO THE INTERVIEWER ARE 
ITALICIZED.