tions about the causes of the traumatic event that lead them to blame themselves or others
(e.g., “It’s all my fault that my uncle abused me”) (Criterion D3). A persistent negative
mood state (e.g., fear, horror, anger, guilt, shame) either began or worsened after exposure
to the event (Criterion D4). The individual may experience markedly diminished interest
or participation in previously enjoyed activities (C riterion D5), feeling detached or es-
tranged from other people (Criterion D6), or a persiste nt inability to feel positive emotions
(especially happiness, joy, satisfaction, or em otions associated with intimacy, tenderness,