Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder 523
Differential Diagnosis 
Other substance use disorders. Distinguishing the effects of phencyclidine from those
of other substances is import ant, since it may be a common additive to other substances
(e.g., cannabis, cocaine).
Schizophrenia and other mental disorders. Some of the effects of phencyclidine and
related substance use may resemble symptoms of  other psychiatric disorders, such as psy-
chosis (schizophrenia), low mood (major de pressive disorder), vi olent aggressive be-
haviors (conduct disorder, antisocial person ality disorder). Discerning whether these
behaviors occurred before the intake of the dr ug is important in the differentiation of acute
drug effects from preexisting mental disord er. Phencyclidine-induced psychotic disorder
should be considered when there is impaired  reality testing in individuals experiencing
disturbances in perception result ing from ingestion of phencyclidine.
Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria  
A. A problematic pattern of hallucinogen (other than phencyclidine) use leading to clini-
cally significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following,
occurring within a 12-month period: 
1. The hallucinogen is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was
intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessfu l efforts to cut down or control halluci-
nogen use.
3. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the hallucinogen, use
the hallucinogen, or recover from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use the hallucinogen.
5. Recurrent hallucinogen use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at