Differential Diagnosis
Conduct disorder and antiso cial personality disorder. Conduct disorder in adolescents
and antisocial personality disorder would be  characterized by additional norm-breaking
and antisocial behaviors, and the specific sexual interest in secretly watching unsuspect-
ing others who are naked or engaging in  sexual activity should be lacking. 
Substance use disorders. Substance use disorders might involve single voyeuristic ep-
isodes by intoxicated individuals but should no t involve the typical sexual interest in se-
cretly watching unsuspecting persons being na ked or engaging in sexual activity. Hence,
recurrent voyeuristic sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that occu r also when the indi-
vidual is not intoxicated suggest that voyeuristic disorder might be present.
Comorbidity
Known comorbidities in voyeur istic disorder are largely b ased on research with males
suspected of or convicted for acts involving the secret watching of unsuspecting nude or
sexually active persons. Hence, these comorb idities might not apply to all individuals with
voyeuristic disorder. Conditions  that occur comorbidly with voyeuristic disorder include
hypersexuality and other paraphilic disorders, particularly exhibitionistic disorder. De-
pressive, bipolar, anxiety, an d substance use disorders; a ttention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder; and conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder ar e also frequent co-
morbid conditions.