770 Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders
Specifiers. Trait and personality functioning specifie rs may be used to record additional
personality features that may be present in sc hizotypal personality disorder but are not re-
quired for the diagnosis. For ex ample, traits of Negative Affectivity (e.g., depressivity,
anxiousness) are not diagnostic criteria for sc hizotypal personality disorder (see Criterion
B) but can be specified when appropriate. Fu rthermore, although moderate or greater im-
pairment in personality functioning is required  for the diagnosis of schizotypal personal-
ity disorder (Criterion A), the level of pe rsonality functioning can also be specified.
Personality Disorder —Trait Specified
Proposed Diagnostic Criteria
A. Moderate or greater impairment in personality functioning, manifested by difficulties in
two or more of the following four areas:
1.Identity
2.Self-direction
3.Empathy
4.Intimacy
B. One or more pathological personality trait domains OR specific trait facets within do-
mains, considering ALL of the following domains:
1.Negative Affectivity (vs. Emotional Stability): Frequent and intense experiences
of high levels of a wide range of negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression, guilt/
shame, worry, anger), and their behavioral (e.g., self-harm) and interpersonal (e.g.,
dependency) manifestations.
2.Detachment  (vs. Extraversion): Avoidance of socioemotional experience, includ-
ing both withdrawal from interpersonal interactions, ranging from casual, daily in-
teractions to friendships to intimate relationships, as well as restricted affective
experience and expression, particularly limited hedonic capacity.
3.Antagonism (vs. Agreeableness): Behaviors that  put the individual at odds with