488 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
A. The disorder represents a clinically signif icant symptomatic presentation of a relevant
mental disorder.
B. There is evidence from the history, physical  examination, or laboratory findings of
both of the following:
1. The disorder developed during or within  1 month of a substance intoxication or
withdrawal or taking a medication; and
2. The involved substance/medication is ca pable of producing th e mental disorder.
C. The disorder is not better explained by an in dependent mental disorder (i.e., one that is
not substance- or medication-induced). Such  evidence of an independent mental dis-
order could include the following:
1. The disorder preceded the onset of severe  intoxication or withdrawal or exposure
to the medication; or
2. The full mental disorder persisted for a substa ntial period of time (e.g., at least 1 month)
after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoxication or taking the medica-
tion. This criterion does not apply to su bstance-induced neurocognitive disorders
or hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, which persist beyond the cessation
of acute intoxication or withdrawal.
D. The disorder does not occur exclusiv ely during the course of a delirium.
E. The disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupa-
tional, or other important areas of functioning.
Features
Some generalizations can be made  regarding the categories of substances capable of produc-
ing clinically relevant substance-induced mental disorders. In general, the more sedating
drugs (sedative, hypnotics, or anxiolytics, and alcohol) can produce prominent and clini-
cally significant depressive disorders during in toxication, while anxiet y conditions are likely