The first step in any emergency situation is to stop and assess the situation. See if you can determine what caused the injury to the person and if it is safe for you to approach. It doesn't help anyone to rush into a situation before the hazard has completely ended — you can't help the person if you fall victim to the same emergency, and emergency medical services (EMS) does not need to rescue two people instead of one. These include:   Slurred speech A rapid heartbeat Confusion Dizziness Lightheadedness Suddenly being unable to respond coherently, or unable to respond at all A series of questions will immediately give you a lot of information regarding the person’s state. The questions should be easy while still requiring a level of basic cognition. Begin by asking the person if he’s all right to see if he’s responsive at all. If the person responds or even groans to show that he’s not unconscious, try asking:  Can you tell me what year it is? Can you tell me what month it is? What day is it? Who is the president? Do you know where you are? Do you know what happened? If the person answers clearly and coherently, then he is displaying a high level of consciousness. If the person responds but answers incorrectly to several of the first questions, then he’s conscious but showing signs of what is called an altered or changed mental state, which includes confusion and disorientation. If the person is conscious but showing signs of an altered mental state (such as being unable to clearly answer simple questions), then you should call 911 immediately.   When you call 911, inform them of the patient's score on an AVPU scale:   A — Alert and oriented  V — Responds to Verbal stimuli  P — Responds to Painful stimuli  U — Unconscious/no response   Even if the person responds coherently to all of your questions and shows no signs of an altered mental state, you should still call 911 if the person: Has other injuries from the traumatic event Feels chest pain or discomfort Has a pounding or irregular heartbeat Reports impairment to vision Cannot move her arms or legs This is useful to see if you can gather any clues as to what caused the person to either pass out or have a diminishing level of consciousness. The person may or may not be able to answer any of these, depending upon his level of consciousness and how responsive he is. Try asking:   Can you tell me what happened? Are you on any medications? Do you have diabetes? Have you ever experienced a diabetic coma? Are you on any drugs or have you been drinking? (You may want to look around for any signs of needle marks on arms/feet or bottles of medication of alcohol nearby) Do you have a seizure disorder? Do you have a heart condition or have you ever had a heart attack? Did you have chest pain or any other symptoms prior to going down? The person’s answers—whether logical or nonsense—will help the emergency responders determine the best course of action. Write everything down if you need to in order to pass along the information just as the person communicated it.  For instance, if the person has given incoherent answers to most of your questions but also communicated that she has a seizure disorder, then she may continue answering questions incorrectly for five to ten minutes in the post-seizure phase of the disorder, yet she may require little more than a brief period of observation from paramedics. As another example, if the person has confirmed that she is diabetic, then the emergency responder will know to immediately check her glucose levels when you pass along that information. If the person has provided incoherent answers to all of your questions—or if he’s given logical answers but seems on the verge of nodding off—then do what you can to keep the person talking to you. Emergency responders will have a much easier time assessing the situation if the person is conscious when they arrive. Ask the person if he can keep his eyes open for you, and ask him additional questions that encourage him to keep talking. If you know the person or witnessed her "pass out," you may be able to provide emergency medical staff with clues as to the diagnosis or "cause" of unconsciousness. Common causes of diminished consciousness or loss of consciousness include:   Severe blood loss Severe injury to the head or chest Drug overdose Alcohol intoxication A car accident or other major injury Blood sugar problems (as in diabetics) Heart problems Low blood pressure (common in the elderly, but they usually regain consciousness shortly thereafter) Dehydration Seizure Stroke Hyperventilating In the event of many medical conditions—such as diabetes—the person may wear something like this to inform the condition to responders. If you find one, report it immediately to emergency medical personnel when they arrive. It is important to have someone watching over the patient at all times.   If he remains semi-conscious and appears to be breathing and not in any distress, continue to watch him until medical staff arrive. If the person becomes totally unresponsive, the situation is much more serious and you will need to assess him further and proceed with the steps below.
قم بتقييم وضع المشهد. تعرف على أعراض بداية فقدان الوعي. اسأل المصاب بعض الأسئلة. اتصل بالطوارئ في حال كان الشخص واعيًا ولكن يعاني من اضطرابات في حالته العقلية مثل عدم قدرته على إجابة الأسئلة بشكل صحيح. اطرح بعض الأسئلة لمتابعة الحالة. انتبه لكل إجابات المصاب. حاول أن تجعل المصاب يستمر في الحديث معك. كُن على دراية بأسباب فقدان الوعي. افحص المصاب بحثًا عن أسورة التنبيه المرضي. راقب المصاب حتى وصول الإسعاف.