If you are writing an informative or persuasive speech, then it should be very well researched! This will help to give you credibility and make your points far more convincing. Seek out scholarly sources, such as books, academic journals, newspaper articles, and government websites to find information and support for your claims. If you are writing a speech for a class, make sure to check with your teacher to get details about the number and acceptable types of sources. that includes your main argument and points. Organizing your ideas and research into an outline is a great way to check for completeness and flow before you actually draft the speech. In general, a speech should include an introduction, 5 main points with supporting evidence (such as statistics, quotes, examples, and anecdotes), and a conclusion. Use a numbered structure or simply outline your speech using bullet points. If you are writing an informative or persuasive speech, then plan to arrange your speech with a problem and solution structure. Start the speech by talking about what is wrong, then explain how to fix the problem in the second half of your speech. The opening line of a speech may be the most important part because this is when your audience will decide if they want to keep listening or not. Depending on your topic and your goals for the speech, you can start by saying something funny, sad, frightening, or shocking to hook your audience.  For example, if you are writing a motivational speech about weight loss, then you might say something like, “Five years ago, I could not walk up a flight of stairs without needing to take a break halfway up.” If you hope to persuade audience members to reduce their use of fossil fuels, then you might start off by saying, “Gas-powered vehicles are the reason why global warming is threatening to destroy our planet.” Depending on how niche your topic is, your audience may not feel its relevance unless you explain it to them. This is crucial because if the topic seems irrelevant to your audience, then they are unlikely to pay much attention. Think about the big picture and how your topic fits into it. Why should the people in your audience care about this topic? For example, if you are giving a speech on increasing funding for Alzheimer’s research, it would be helpful to provide information on how common Alzheimer’s disease is and how it affects families. You could accomplish this with a combination of a statistic and an anecdote. After introducing your topic and providing context, launch right into your points. State each point clearly and offer additional information, evidence, facts, and statistics to explain each of your points. Plan to devote about 1 paragraph to each of your points. For example, in a speech about ending animal testing for cosmetics, you might start with a point about how animal testing is cruel, then explain that it is unnecessary, and then talk about the alternatives to animal testing that make it obsolete. Another way to help your audience understand the points you are making is to provide a brief 1 to 2 sentence overview before you move onto a new topic and then summarize the material in 1 to 2 sentences after you finish explaining it. Put the previews and summaries in plain, simple terms to help make your points clear to your audience. For example, if you are about to cover the concept of delayed onset muscle soreness (also known as DOMS), then explain what it is in a nutshell first, then go into more detail about it and how it relates to your point, then end that section of your speech with a brief summary of the main point you are trying to make. Transitions improve the flow of your speech and help readers see how your points are connected. You may not notice transitions when you read or write something, but when they are not included a piece of writing will seem choppy and awkward. Check to make sure that you have included transitions throughout your speech. Some common transition words and phrases include:  Then Next Before After First Second In that moment The following week As you near the end of your speech, your audience should be excited by your topic and ready to act. Encourage your audience to find out more and participate in a solution to the problem you have described by telling them how they can do so. This is a great opportunity to share resources with your audience and to give them some direction for how they can participate.  For example, if you have just described the effects of global warming on the polar bear population, conclude your speech by telling your audience about non-profit organizations that are working to protect the environment and the polar bear population. If you have just shared your weight loss story to motivate your audience, tell them what they can do to start their own weight loss journey and share resources that you found helpful.
أجر عملية بحث دقيقة حول موضوع الخطبة.  اكتب مخططًا رئيسيًا للخطبة استخدم جملة جاذبة في بداية الخطبة تقدر من خلالها على لفت انتباه المستمعين فورًا. اربط بين موضوع الخطبة وقضية من القضايا الكبرى التي تمهد لوجود خلفية معرفية ومشتركة مع الحضور. تناول النقاط الأساسية للخطبة وفقًا لتتابع منطقي وانتقال سلس بين الأفكار. انتقل إلى نقاط جديدة من الخطبة ولكن بعد تلخيص المواد التي تنتهي من ذكرها. أدرج أدوات ربط وجمل انتقالية بين الفقرات لتسهل على المستمعين عملية متابعة محتوى الخطبة. اختم الخطاب بجمل فعلية (دعوة للحركة).