prior to starting the procedure. Good hygiene is important to minimize the risk of infection. Wash your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. Specify the location of the injection you are giving, and describe how the medication will feel once injected if the patient does not already know. Some medications can be initially painful or sting upon injection. Most do not, but it is important for the patient to be aware of this if it is the case to minimize any distress that may ensue from not knowing. Prior to performing the injection, it is important that the patch of skin over the muscle where the injection will take place is sterilized and clean. Again, this minimizes the chances of an infection following the injection. Allow the alcohol to air dry for 30 seconds. Do not touch the area until you give the injection; if you do, you'll just have to clean the area again. If the muscle receiving the injection is tense, it will hurt more, so relaxing the muscle as much as possible helps to ensure the least pain felt on injection.  It can sometimes be helpful to distract the patient before injecting by asking them questions about their life. When the patient is distracted, their muscle is more likely to be relaxed. Some people also prefer to be positioned in a way in which they cannot see the injection taking place. Seeing the needle approaching can cause worry and distress in some, and will result not only in increased anxiety, but also in tensing of the muscle. To help the patient relax, suggest they look in another direction if they want to. Start by removing the cap, and then insert it smoothly at an angle of 90 degrees to the skin. If you are just learning to give the injection, do not go too quickly, as you want to ensure you do not push the needle in too far and hit the bone. About one third of the needle should remain exposed. Be careful not to go so fast that you either miss the spot or cause any more damage to the skin than is needed.  As you practice and become used to giving the injection, you can increase your speed. The quicker the insertion, the less pain your patient will feel; however, you do not want to sacrifice safety for speed. It can be helpful to pull up the skin around the injection site with your non-dominant hand (as your dominant hand will be doing the injection) prior to injecting. Pulling up the skin can help you mark your target and make it less painful for the patient when the needle goes in. After injecting the needle but before injecting the medication, pull the plunger back a little. Although this may seem counter-intuitive, it is important because if any blood comes into the syringe when you pull back, it means your needle is located in a blood vessel and not in the muscle. You will need to begin again with a new needle and syringe if this happens.  The medication is designed to be injected into a muscle and not into the bloodstream, so if you see any red color when you pull back you will need to remove the needle and dispose of it. Prepare a new needle and choose a different injection site — don't try to give the shot in the same place. Most often the needle lands in the muscle itself. Rarely does it land in a blood vessel, but it is always best to be safe rather than sorry prior to injecting. While it is best to insert the needle quickly to minimize pain, the opposite is true for the actual injection. This is because the medication takes up space in the muscle, and the surrounding tissue will need to stretch to accommodate the added fluid in the space. Injecting slowly gives more time for this to happen and causes the patient less pain. Do this once you're confident all the medicine has been injected. Press gently on the injection site with the 2 x 2 gauze. The recipient may feel a slight discomfort; this is normal. Have the recipient hold the gauze in place while you dispose of the needle. Do not throw needles into the trash. You may receive a hard plastic container made especially for used syringes and needles. You can also use a soda bottle or other plastic bottle with a screw lid. Make sure that both the syringe and needle fit into the container easily and cannot break through the sides. Ask your caregiver or a pharmacist what your state or local requirements are for getting rid of used syringes and needles.
اغسل يديك قبل بدء العملية. طمئن المريض واشرح كيف ستُجرى العملية. نظف المنطقة باستخدام مسحة كحول. شجِّع المريض على الاسترخاء. أدخِل الإبرة في المكان المحدد. اسحب الكابس إلى الخلف قبل الحقن. احقِن الدواء ببطء. اسحب الإبرة إلى الخارج بنفس زاوية إدخالها. تخلص من الإبرة بطريقة صحيحة.