This is the most severe form of heat stress and it can be deadly. Heatstroke occurs when your body is unable to cool itself and your temperature rises to 103 degrees Fahrenheit (39.4 degrees Celsius) or higher.   Symptoms include hot skin (often without sweating, because the person may be too dehydrated to sweat), hallucinations, chills, severe headache, confusion, dizziness, slurred speech. Call emergency responders immediately. Not only can heatstroke be fatal, but it can also cause permanent damage to the brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys.  Do not drink alcohol or caffeinated beverages (like soda).  Cool down while you wait for the ambulance to arrive by sitting or laying in the shade or in an air conditioned building. Wet your clothes or sit in front of a fan. When you arrive at the emergency room, the doctor may order tests to confirm heatstroke and start treatment to cool you down by using fans, ice packs or cooling blankets or by immersing you in cold water. These may include a blood test to monitor your electrolyte levels, a urine test to check for dehydration and kidney damage, muscle function tests, and imaging tests to verify that there has been not damage to your organs.  If necessary, you may be given intravenous fluids to rehydrate you. Heat exhaustion occurs when you lose too much water and salt, usually through sweating. During heat exhaustion, the body temperature has risen slightly. It must be treated immediately to avoid progressing to heatstroke.  Symptoms include extreme sweating, weakness, tiredness, dizziness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, clammy skin, pale or flushed skin,  muscle cramps, quick, shallow breathing. Rehydrate by drinking water or a beverage with electrolytes like a sports drink or fruit juice. Lower your body temperature by sitting or lying quietly in the shade or an air conditioned building,taking a cool shower, or fanning your skin. Seek medical care if you worsen or don't improve within 1 hour or if your temperature reaches 104°F/40°C or higher. Heat syncope occurs when you suddenly pass out or start to black out. Risk factors include dehydration or being in a hot climate that you are not used to, especially if you are sitting or standing for a long time, or get up too quickly.  Symptoms include fainting and light-headedness. Sit or lie down immediately when you feel symptoms coming on. Afterwards, rehydrate with water, juice or a sports drink and take it easy in the shade or a cool place. If you have been sweating extensively, chances are you lost a lot of water, salt and electrolytes. The reduced salt and electrolytes may make you prone to cramping.  Symptoms include muscle spasms in the abdomen, legs, or arms. Treat the cramping by stopping all strenuous activity and relaxing where it’s cooler. Replenish your electrolytes and salts with a sports drink or juice. Just drinking water may not solve the problem, because you need to simultaneously get electrolytes. Call a doctor if you have heart problems, are on a low salt diet, or if the cramps don't go away in one hour. Heat rash can occur due to extreme sweating, particularly in hot, humid weather when your skin can get irritated by remaining damp.  It manifests as red bumps or small bubbles on the skin which might itch. Reduce your exposure to heat and wash and dry the area.
كن منتبهًا لضربة الشمس. تمييز الإنهاك الحراري. التعرف على الإغماء الحراري. كن واعيًا بمغص الحر. تعرّف على طفح الحرارة.