Before you administer any kind of treatment it's important to know what you're dealing with. Signs and symptoms of shock include the following:  Cool, clammy skin that may appear pale or grayish Profuse sweating or moist skin Bluish lips and fingernails Rapid and weak pulse Rapid and shallow breathing Enlarged or contracted pupils (pupils can enlarge in septic shock, but can constrict in traumatic shock) Low blood pressure Low or no urine output If the person is conscious, he or she will display an altered mental status such as being disoriented, confused, anxious, agitated, dizzy, lightheaded, or feel faint, weak, or fatigued The person may complain of chest pain, nausea, and experience vomiting Losing consciousness follows Shock is a medical emergency, will require expert medical attention, and hospitalization.  You may save the person’s life by ensuring that paramedics are on the way while you initiate treatment. If possible, stay on the line with the emergency services dispatcher to continually provide updates about the person’s condition. Follow the instructions provided by the dispatcher until emergency medical help arrives. Make sure the airway is clear, be sure the person is breathing, and check for a pulse.  Observe the person's chest to see if it rises and falls, and place your cheek next to the person’s mouth to check for breath. Continue to monitor the person’s respiration rate at least every 5 minutes, even if they are breathing on their own. If blood pressure equipment should be available and can be used without causing further injury, monitor the person’s blood pressure and report it to the dispatcher. Only administer  CPR if you are trained to do so. An untrained person may do serious harm to someone by attempting CPR.  Only trained people should administer CPR to adults,  children, and  infants, due to the risk of serious and life-threatening injury. The American Red Cross has recently implemented new protocols for administering CPR. It is important that only people trained in the new methods, and in the use of an AED if available, take charge of administering those procedures. If the person is conscious and has no injury to the head, leg, neck, or spine, then proceed with placing them in the shock position.  Position the person on their back and elevate the legs about 12 inches.  Do not elevate the head.  If raising the legs causes pain, or possible harm, then do not elevate the legs and leave the person lying in a flat position. Treat the person where they are unless the surrounding area is dangerous.  For safety reasons, you may need to carefully move the person and yourself out of harm’s way. Examples include being located on a highway at the scene of a car accident or near an unstable structure that may collapse or explode. Do not let the person eat or drink anything. If the person sustained a trauma, you may need to  stop the flow of blood from a wound or  provide first aid for a broken bone.  Apply pressure to any bleeding wounds and dress the wounds using clean materials if available. Wear gloves if you're exposed to blood or other body fluids. This can protect you from potentially harmful bloodborne pathogens. Cover the person with any available material such as towels, jackets, blankets, or first aid blankets. Loosen any tight fitting clothing such as belts, buttoned pants at the waist, or any tight clothing around the chest area.  Loosen collars, remove neckties, and unbutton or cut away tight clothing. Loosen shoes and remove any tight or constrictive jewelry if on the person's wrists or neck.
تفقّد الأعراض. تواصل مع خدمة الطوارئ. تفقّد التنفّس والدورة الدموية. تفقّد ضغط الدم إن أمكن ذلك. ابدأ بالتنفّس الصناعي إن استدعى الأمر. ضع المريض في وضع الصدمة. لا تحرّك الشخص. قدّم الإسعافات الأولية الأساسية للإصابات الظاهرة. حافظ على دفء الشخص. اجعل الشخص مستريحًا على قدر الإمكان.