Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, results from the underproduction of thyroid hormones.  As a result, the body’s metabolism is slowed. Some of the symptoms are just the opposite of what happens with hyperthyroidism. The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States is the autoimmune disorder Hashimoto’s disease.  The disease causes chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland which decreases its ability to produce hormones. Symptoms of hypothyroidism usually appear slowly over months or years. Like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism symptoms have a wide range so you will need to see your doctor to confirm that hypothyroidism is the cause of your symptoms. Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include:  Fatigue Feeling cold when others do not Constipation Weight gain Poor concentration Muscle weakness Joint pain Muscle pain Depression Dry, thinning hair Pale, dry skin Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter) Elevated blood cholesterol Infertility Slow heart rate Decreased sweating Facial puffiness Excessive menstrual bleeding Hoarse voice Some people are at higher risk of developing hypothyroidism due to certain risk factors. Risk factors for hypothyroidism include:  Advancing age Female gender Family history of hypothyroidism Autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis Treatment with antithyroid medications Treatment with radioactive iodine Previous thyroid surgery Previous exposure of the neck or upper chest area to radiation
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