Non-competitive antagonist of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (ADRA2) in smooth muscles, and partial antagonist of D3 dopamine receptors (DRD3) (inhibits 25% of methylspiperone binding to this receptor) (PubMed:20659106). Also shows a low antagonism on D2 dopamine receptors (DRD2) (short isoform) (PubMed:24793485). Shows high affinity to adrenergic receptors (Ki=14 nM (ADRA2A), Ki=73 nM (ADRA2B), and Ki=38 nM (ADRA2C)) (PubMed:20659106). Increases heart rate and blood catecholamine concentrations (PubMed:21419153). Expressed by the venom gland. Monoisotopic mass. Does not show interaction with adrenergic receptors (ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRB1, ADRB2), dopaminergic receptors (DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DRD5), histaminic receptors (HRH1, HRH3, HRH4), muscarinic receptors (CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5), and serotoninergic receptors (HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR5A, HTR6, HTR7). Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Aminergic toxin sub-subfamily.