Blocks nicotinic synaptic transmission in insect CNS and affects voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav). It is a strong, but very slowly acting agonist for smooth muscles and its blocks synaptic transmission in the insect CNS in a concentration-dependent manner and depolarizes giant interneurons. Also affects neuromuscular transmission in rat tissue. Expressed by the venom gland. Princess Bala's sting - Issue 14 of September 2001