Cargo receptor involved in protein vesicular trafficking and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi (PubMed:10052452, PubMed:11726511, PubMed:16641999, PubMed:17288597, PubMed:19296914, PubMed:20427317, PubMed:21219331, PubMed:27569046). The p24 protein family is a group of transmembrane proteins that bind coat protein complex I/COPI and coat protein complex II/COPII involved in vesicular trafficking between the membranes (PubMed:10052452). Acts at the lumenal side for incorporation of secretory cargo molecules into transport vesicles and involved in vesicle coat formation at the cytoplasmic side (PubMed:20427317, PubMed:27569046). Mainly functions in the early secretory pathway and cycles between the ER, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and Golgi, mediating cargo transport through COPI and COPII-coated vesicles (PubMed:10052452, PubMed:10852829, PubMed:12237308). In COPII vesicle-mediated anterograde transport, involved in the transport of GPI-anchored proteins by acting together with TMED2 as their cargo receptor; the function specifically implies SEC24C and SEC24D of the COPII vesicle coat and lipid raft-like microdomains of the ER (PubMed:20427317, PubMed:27569046). Recognizes GPI anchors structural remodeled in the ER by the GPI inositol-deacylase/PGAP1 and the metallophosphoesterase MPPE1/PGAP5 (By similarity). In COPI vesicle-mediated retrograde transport, involved in the biogenesis of COPI vesicles and vesicle coat recruitment (PubMed:11726511). Involved in trafficking of amyloid beta A4 protein and soluble APP-beta release (independent from the modulation of gamma-secretase activity) (PubMed:17288597). Involved in the KDELR2-mediated retrograde transport of the toxin A subunit (CTX-A-K63)together with COPI and the COOH terminus of KDELR2 (By similarity). On Golgi membranes, acts as primary receptor for ARF1-GDP, a GTP-binding protein involved in COPI-vesicle formation (PubMed:11726511). Increases coatomer-dependent GTPase-activating activity of ARFGAP2 which mediates the hydrolysis of ARF1-bound GTP and therefore modulates protein trafficking from the Golgi apparatus (PubMed:19296914). Involved in the exocytic trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors F2LR1/PAR2 (trypsin and tryspin-like enzyme receptor), OPRM1 (opioid receptor) and P2RY4 (UTD and UDP receptor) from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, thus contributing to receptor resensitization (PubMed:21219331). In addition to its cargo receptor activity, may also act as a protein channel after oligomerization, facilitating the post-translational entry of leaderless cytoplasmic cargo into the ERGIC (PubMed:32272059). Involved in the translocation into ERGIC, the vesicle entry and the secretion of leaderless cargos (lacking the secretion signal sequence), including the mature form of interleukin 1/IL-1 family members, the alpha-crystallin B chain HSPB5, the carbohydrate-binding proteins galectin-1/LGALS1 and galectin-3/LGALS3, the microtubule-associated protein Tau/MAPT, and the annexin A1/ANXA1; the translocation process is dependent on cargo protein unfolding and enhanced by chaperones HSP90AB1 and HSP90B1/GRP9 (PubMed:32272059). Could also associates with the presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase complex in order to regulate gamma-cleavages of the amyloid beta A4 protein to yield amyloid-beta 40/Abeta40 (PubMed:16641999). Predominantly dimeric and to a lesser extent monomeric in the ER (PubMed:12237308). Monomer and dimer in ERGIC and cis-Golgi network (PubMed:12237308). Forms homooligomer (via GOLD domain); the assembly is promoted by direct binding with leaderless cargos and may form a protein channel that facilitates cargo entry into the ERGIC (PubMed:32272059). Forms heterooligomeric complexes with other members of the p24 family such as TMED2, TMED7 and TMED9 (PubMed:9472029, PubMed:10359607, PubMed:20427317, PubMed:32272059). Interacts (via GOLD domain) with TMED2 (via GOLD domain); the complex is required for export of TMED10 from the ER to the cis-Golgi network; the complex is proposed to be involved in cis-Golgi network dynamics and / or biogenesis (PubMed:10852829, PubMed:27569046). Associates with the COPI vesicle coat subunits (coatomer) (PubMed:9472029, PubMed:11056392, PubMed:16940185). Tetramerization of the cytoplasmic domain at the Golgi membrane in vitro; the complex is proposed to interact with COPI coatomer and induce budding of the vesicles (By similarity). Interacts with COPG1; the interaction involves TMED10 homodimer (PubMed:16940185). Interacts with ARF1 (GDP-bound); the interaction probably involves a TMED10 oligomer (PubMed:11726511). Interacts with SEC23A, SEC24B, SEC24C and SEC24D components of the coat protein complex II/COPII, indicative of an association of TMED10 with the COPII vesicle coat (PubMed:9472029). Interacts with CD59 (PubMed:20427317). Interacts with MPPE1/PGAP5; the complex might recruit and sort GPI-anchored proteins to the ER-exit site, or the interaction might lead to recycling of PGAP5 between the ER and the Golgi (PubMed:19837036). Interacts with F2LR1/PAR2 (PubMed:21219331). Interacts with KDELR2/ERD2; the interaction is disrupted by KDELR2 ligand (By similarity). Found in a complex composed at least of SURF4, TMED2 and TMED10 (PubMed:18287528). Associates with the presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase complex (PubMed:16641999). Interacts with STX17; the interaction is direct (PubMed:21545355). Interacts with IL-1; the interaction is direct (PubMed:32272059). Interacts with RAB21 (active GTP-bound form); the interaction is indirect and regulates TMED10 abundance and localization at the Golgi (PubMed:31455601). Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV. The GOLD domain is required for proper p24 heterooligomeric complex formation and efficient transport of GPI-anchored proteins. The lumenal domain mediates localization to the plasma membrane by partially overriding the ER retention by the cytoplasmic domain. Ectopic expression of TMED10 alone does not result in its proper cis-Golgi network localization (PubMed:10852829). Interaction of TMED10 with TMED2 is both necessary and sufficient for transport of the couple to the cis-Golgi network, and TMED3 and/or TMED9 contribute to facilitating the process (PubMed:10852829). Belongs to the EMP24/GP25L family. Extended N-terminus.