Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Requires DRB1 for directional loading of the small RNA duplex (guide stand and passenger strand) onto RISC for passenger strand degradation. Unlike animal RISC that associates in high molecular weight complex, Arabidopsis RISC is probably composed only of the AGO1 protein and associated RNA without any other proteins. Associates mainly with miRNAs of 21 nucleotide in length and preferentially recruits small RNAs with a 5' terminal uridine. Associates with 22 nucleotide miRNAs to trigger RDR6-dependent secondary siRNAs biogenesis. This pathway amplifies silencing by using the target RNA as substrate to generate secondary siRNAs. Binds to miR168 which targets its own mRNA for repression, establishing a homeostatic regulatory loop. Involved in antiviral RNA silencing by contributing to viral RNA clearance. Is capable of targeting viral RNAs with more compact structures than AGO7 which favors less structured RNA targets. May not associate with 24 nucleotide siRNAs involved in chromatin silencing. Essential for multiple processes in development. Essential for proper development of leaves and floral organs, and formation of axillary meristems. Like AGO10, required for stem cell function and organ polarity. Interacts with turnip yellows virus (TuYV) protein P0 (via F-box-like domain); this interaction targets AGO1 for degradation, and thereby suppresses its function in silencing. Interacts with turnip crinkle virus (TCV) capsid protein P38 (via GW motifs); these interactions inhibit RNA silencing ability of AGO1. Interacts (via PAZ domain) with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) protein 2b; these interactions inhibit AGO1 function in RNA silencing. Interacts with SDE3 (PubMed:17158744, PubMed:17869110, PubMed:20439431, PubMed:22850669, PubMed:22940249). Interacts with HESO1 (PubMed:24733911). Interacts with URT1 (PubMed:25928341). Interacts with RICE1 and RICE2 that act as cofactors (PubMed:28463111). Widely expressed at low levels. Expressed throughout all developmental stages. Narrow rosette leaves. Single shoot bearing a terminal inflorescence. Abnormal inflorescence with infertile flowers and filamentous organs. May be due to a competing acceptor splice site. Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily.