At high concentrations, acts as pore former in cellular membranes and causes the leakage of the cells. At submicromolar concentrations, degranulates granulocytes and has a weak hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. Also strongly inhibits the production of superoxide anions. Has a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria but is less active against Gram-positive bacteria. Also has antifungal activity. Induces reversible G-protein dependent Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores and increase Ca(2+) influx in HL-60 cells. Induces the activation of the Rac pathway in granulocytes. Synergistically enhances the excitatory effects of short and long chain ion-channel-specific neurotoxins by interaction with the neuronal membranes. Monomer and homodimer. Forms a helical membrane channel in the prey. Expressed by the venom gland. Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP) superfamily. Long chain multifunctional peptide (group 2) family.