May specifically activate neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) at the resting membrane potential. Causes a marked contraction and extension of the caudal and dorsal fins in fish and noticeable spontaneous contractions of isolated frog neuromuscular preparations. Expressed by the venom duct. The cysteine framework is IV (CC-C-C-C-C). O-glycosylated at Ser-7 by a core type 9 glycan, containing both D- and L-galactose units (alpha-L-Galp-(1->4)-alpha-D- GlcpNAc-(1->6)-[alpha-L-Galp-(1->2)-bets-D-Galp-(1->3)-]alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->O)). Non-glycosylated form. Glycosylated form. Found in both injectable (milked) (IV) and dissected venom (DV).