The amidated Phylloseptin-3.1TR has weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacterium E.coli ATCC 25922 (MIC=100 uM), Gram-positive bacterium S.epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC=12.5 uM) and against fungus C.albicans ATCC 24433 (MIC=25 uM) (PubMed:29980138). Has an anti-inflammatory effect, since it inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, and induces the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (PubMed:30734396). Has an activity of stimulation of insulin release, which may protect the species from being eaten by predators by causing fatal hypoglycemia (PubMed:30734396). Is cytotoxic to cancer line cells (PubMed:30734396). Shows moderate hemolysis on mouse erythrocytes (LC(50)=12 uM) (PubMed:30734396). The non-amidated Phylloseptin-3.3TR has weak antimicrobial activity against fungus C.albicans ATCC 24433 (MIC=100 uM). Not active against Gram-negative bacterium E.coli ATCC 25922 and Gram-positive bacterium S.epidermidis ATCC 12228 at concentrations up to 100 uM (PubMed:29980138). Has an anti-inflammatory effect, since it inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and induces the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (PubMed:30734396). Has high activity of stimulation of insulin release, which may protect the species from being eaten by predators by causing fatal hypoglycemia (PubMed:30734396). Is not cytotoxic to cancer line cells (PubMed:30734396). Shows very low hemolysis on mouse erythrocytes (LC(50)=340 uM) (PubMed:30734396). Expressed by the skin glands. Phylloseptin-3.1TR is amidated, whereas Phylloseptin-3.3TR is the name given to the non-amidated form. amidated Phylloseptin-3.1TR. non-amidated Phylloseptin-3.3TR. Phylloseptin-3.3TR may represent a template for the design of potent anti-inflammatory agents for use in the control hyperinflammatory phase of sepsis, since it has the ability to inhibit production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta and to stimulate IL-10 production by peritoneal cells coupled with very low toxicity against mouse erythrocytes and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Phylloseptin subfamily.