Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets. ATP + L-seryl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] ATP + L-threonyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] Activated by phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine. Inhibited by pyridinyl-imidazole related compounds. The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases. Dually phosphorylated on Thr-222 and Tyr-224, which activates the enzyme. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.