Highly potent on various alpha-adrenoceptors (ADRA) (subnanomolar affinity for ADRA1A). Order of potency is the following: ADRA1A (Ki=0.37 nM) > ADRA1B (Ki=10.47 nM) > ADRA1D (Ki=104.71 nM) > ADRA2C (Ki=165.96 nM). Were also found to reversibly bind to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (CHRM), but the affinity is much weaker (CHRM1, Ki=1778.28 nM; CHRM4, Ki=4466.84 nM; CHRM2, Ki=17782.79 nM). Expressed by the venom gland. LD(50) is 56 mg/kg by intravenous injection. Does not bind to muscarinic receptors CHRM5 and CHRM3. Is classified as a P-type cytotoxin, since a proline residue stands at position 33 (Pro-31 in standard classification). Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Aminergic toxin sub-subfamily.