Involved in translation regulation (PubMed:19795912, PubMed:22719925). Inhibits protein synthesis and decreases bacterial growth when expressed in E.coli (PubMed:22719925). Can also stimulate macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to secrete important cytokines that may be significant in granuloma formation and its maintenance. Increases secretion of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-8 through human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway (PubMed:23819907). Interacts with human TLR2 (PubMed:23819907). Monomer in solution (PubMed:22719925). In vitro, binds to E.coli ribosomes (PubMed:22719925). A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection.