Catalyzes the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylation of taurine yielding sulfite and aminoacetaldehyde after decomposition of an unstable intermediate. 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + taurine = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + H(+) + succinate + sulfite Binds 1 Fe(2+) ion per subunit. Homotetramer; dimer of dimers. Belongs to the TfdA dioxygenase family.