Activates macrophages and polarizes them into M1-like macrophages through the activation of the MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathway (PubMed:26215746). Upon activation, up-regulates the expression of CD80, CD86, CD69 and MHC II on macrophages, and induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL1B, IL6, CCL2 and nitric oxide (PubMed:26215746). May play a role in inhibition of proliferation and migration (By similarity). Expressed in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, lymph nodes and adipose tissue (at protein level) (PubMed:26215746). Expressed by macrophages (PubMed:26215746). Cell surface expression is increased by Thioglycollate in elicited macrophages. Belongs to the TMEM106 family.