Acts as a host evasion factor, that significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of M.tuberculosis by modulating adaptive immune responses by inhibiting host-protective Th1 and Th17 cytokine responses as well as autophagy (PubMed:25847237). Catalyzes the 2'-O-methylation at nucleotides C1409 in 16S rRNA and C1920 in 23S rRNA (PubMed:16857584, PubMed:20854656). Is likely involved in ribosomal biogenesis (PubMed:21443791). Also exhibits hemolytic activity in vitro, by binding with and oligomerizing into host cell membranes (PubMed:20854656, PubMed:9611795). cytidine(1409) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2'-O-methylcytidine(1409) in 16S rRNA + H(+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine cytidine(1920) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2'-O-methylcytidine(1920) in 23S rRNA + H(+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine Can form oligomers on macrophage phagosomal membranes. Can bind to target membranes such as macrophage phagosomal membranes (PubMed:20854656). In native and recombinant hosts (M.smegmatis and E.coli), M.tuberculosis TlyA can reach the bacterial surface in functional form and colocalizes with the HBHA protein which is known to be part of cell-wall (PubMed:26347855). TlyA does not seem to depend on either Tat or Sec pathways for translocation to cell-wall (PubMed:26347855). Appears to be capable of reaching the extra-cellular milieu using a vesicle mediated transport (PubMed:26347855). Cells lacking this gene induce increased IL-12 and reduced IL-1beta and IL-10 cytokine responses, which sharply contrasts with the immune responses induced by wild-type M.tuberculosis (PubMed:25847237). They are also more susceptible to autophagy in macrophages (PubMed:25847237). Consequently, animals infected with the TlyA-deficient mutant M.tuberculosis organisms exhibit increased host-protective immune responses, reduced bacillary load, and increased survival compared with animals infected with wild-type M.tuberculosis (PubMed:25847237). Disruption of this gene leads to capreomycin resistance (PubMed:15673735). Belongs to the TlyA family.