Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters. Homodimer. Expression can be repressed by GadX, depending on the conditions. GadX and GadW are part of a complex system required for acid resistance via the regulation of gadA and gadBC. Many of the described circuits use mutants missing one of the network components. In the wild-type situation, however, many of the scenarios are not easily observed.