This three-finger toxin inhibits ASIC channels (Ref.1). It acts as a gating modifier toxin by decreasing the apparent proton sensitivity of activation and by slightly increasing the apparent proton sensitivity for inactivation. It binds more tightly to the closed state and to a much lesser extent the inactivated/desensitized state of ASIC1a (By similarity). It interacts directly with the outside surface of the thumb domain of chicken ASIC1a (ASIC1a), but does not insert into the acidic pocket as suggested previously (By similarity). This binding leads to relocation of the thumb domain that could disrupt the acidic pocket of cASIC1a (By similarity). The peptide exerts both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on ASIC1a (By similarity). It reversibly inhibits rASIC1a (IC(50)=17 nM), rASIC1b (IC(50)= 44 nM) and rASIC1a-rASIC2a (IC(50)=252 nM) channels (Ref.1). In vivo, it shows a potent naloxone-resistant analgesic effect against acute and inflammatory pain upon central and peripheral injection. In addition, it also has an opioid-independent effect on both thermal and mechanical inflammatory pain after systemic administration and is effective against neuropathic pain (By similarity). Expressed by the venom gland. Promising peptide that shows a potent analgesic effect against acute and inflammatory pain that can be as strong as morphine but resistant to naloxone, with much less tolerance and no respiratory distress. Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Mambalgin sub-subfamily.