Beta toxins bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials thereby affecting sodium channel activation and promoting spontaneous and repetitive firing (PubMed:32973807). This toxin acts on X.laevis Nav1.6/SCN8A and insect BgNav1 channels, and also displays a small but significant effect on X.laevis Nav1.4/SCN4A channels (PubMed:32973807). In mice induces nociception (licking and lifting behaviors) during the first 15 minutes after injection, and increases the release of TNF-alpha in J774.1 cells (PubMed:32973807). Expressed by the venom gland. Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family. Beta subfamily.