Plays an important role in several reproductive functions. Induces Muellerian duct regression during male fetal sexual differentiation and plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation and function (By similarity). In female acts as a negative regulator of the primordial to primary follicle transition and decreases FSH sensitivity of growing follicles. AMH signals by binding to a specific type-II receptor, AMHR2, that heterodimerizes with type-I receptors (ACVR1 and BMPR1A), and recruiting SMAD proteins that are translocated to the nucleus to regulate target gene expression (By similarity). Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Detected in fetal Sertoli cells (PubMed:909589). Expressed in granulosa cells of growing follicles but also in theca cells of preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea (at protein level) (PubMed:30063719). Appears for the first time during follicular development in the fusiform granulosa cells of recruited primordial follicles and continues to be present in granulosa cells up to the antral stage. Preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate N- and C-terminal cleavage products that homodimerize and associate to form a biologically active non-covalent complex. Binding of the non-covalent complex to AMHR2 induces dissociation of the pro-region from the mature C-terminal dimer. The N-terminal portion of the protein, despite having no intrinsic activity, has the role of amplifying the activity of the C-terminus. Belongs to the TGF-beta family.