Potent blocker of nociceptor cation channels TRPA1 and high voltage-activated calcium channels (PubMed:12470700, PubMed:15933156, PubMed:27759880). It acts mainly on P/Q-type (Cav2.1/CACNA1A) calcium channels and has a minor effect on L- (Cav1/CACNA1) and N-type (Cav2.2/CACNA1B) calcium channels (PubMed:12470700, PubMed:15933156). Blocks glutamate release in synaptic transmission mediated by calcium channels (PubMed:12470700). The toxin also inhibits the KCl-induced increase of intrasynaptosomal free calcium (PubMed:12470700). In vivo, it shows analgesic effects in rodent models of pain (PubMed:18774645). In addition, it selectively blocks nocifensive responses evoked by reactive TRPA1 channel agonist (PubMed:27759880). Furthermore, it also reduces the TRPA1 channel-dependent hyperalgesia in a model of neuropathic pain induced by the chemotherapeutic agent BTZ (PubMed:27759880). Expressed by the venom gland. The presence of a 'disulfide through disulfide knot' structurally defines this protein as a knottin. Does not target TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels. Belongs to the neurotoxin 09 (Tx3-6) family.