This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. Plays a role in the positive regulation of IFNG transcription in T-helper 1 cells as part of an IFNG promoter-binding complex with TXK and PARP1. Inhibited by plitidepsin, a chemical compound extracted from the ascidian Aplidium albicans. Found in a nuclear export complex with XPO5, EEF1A1, Ran and aminoacylated tRNA. Interacts with PARP1 and TXK. Interacts with KARS1. May interact with ERGIC2. Interacts with IFIT1 (via TPR repeats 4-7) (By similarity). May interact with ERGIC2 (By similarity). Interacts with IFIT1 (via TPR repeats 4-7) (PubMed:19856081). Interacts with DLC1, facilitating distribution to the membrane periphery and ruffles upon growth factor stimulation. Interacts with ZPR1; the interaction occurs in a epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent manner (By similarity). Interacts with PPP1R16B (By similarity). Interacts with SPHK1 and SPHK2; both interactions increase SPHK1 and SPHK2 kinase activity (By similarity). Colocalizes with DLC1 at actin-rich regions in the cell periphery. Translocates together with ZPR1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and nucleolus after treatment with mitogens. Localization at the cell membrane depends on EEF1A1 phosphorylation status and the presence of PPP1R16B. ISGylated. Phosphorylated by TXK. Phosphorylation by PASK increases translation efficiency. Phosphorylated by ROCK2. Trimethylated at Lys-79 by EEF1AKMT1 (By similarity). Methylated at Lys-165 by EEF1AKMT3, methylation by EEF1AKMT3 is dynamic as well as inducible by stress conditions, such as ER-stress, and plays a regulatory role on mRNA translation (PubMed:28108655). Trimethylated at Lys-318 by EEF1AKMT2 (By similarity). Mono-, di-, and trimethylated at Lys-36 by EEF1AKMT4; trimethylated form is predominant. Methylation by EEF1AKMT4 contributes to the fine-tuning of translation rates for a subset of tRNAs (By similarity). Trimethylated at Gly-2 by METTL13. Mono- and dimethylated at Lys-55 by METTL13; dimethylated form is predominant (By similarity). Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.