Peptide that induces pain in mammals and has insecticidal, antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. Induces partially reversible paralysis in D.melanogaster when tested at high doses. Shows a moderate antiparasitic activity against the major pathogenic nematode of ruminants (H.contortus, EC(50)=30.5 uM). Has potent or moderate antibacterial activities against A.baumannii (MIC<0.25 ug/mL) and S.aureus (MIC=16 ug/mL). Has no activity on the other bacteria tested, nor on the fungus C.albicans. Strongly induces the increase of intracellular calcium in mice DRG neurons, which is a proxy for neuronal activation that would occur during nociception. This increase is due to influx of extracellular calcium, suggesting that the peptide forms pore or channel in neuronal cell membranes. In addition, intraplantar injection in mice provokes nocifensive behavior, suggesting a pain-inducing activity. Expressed by the spine venom secretory cell. The spine is a cuticular structure containing at its base a single large nucleated venom secretory cell, as well as a central venom reservoir extending throughout the spine. It is an independent unit capable of producing, storing, and injecting venom. Spines are grouped by 50 to 100 in each of the eight venom scoli on the back of D.vulnerans caterpillars. Only secreted by caterpillars. Adult moth do not have spines. PD(50) is 4.73 nmol/g when injected into D.melanogaster. Belongs to the limacoditoxin-2 (cecropin-like) family.