Exhibits unusual shark repellent and surfactant properties. Forms voltage-dependent, ion-permeable channels in membranes. At high concentration causes cell membrane lysis. Shown to be 5-10 times more toxic, cytolytic and active in membrane pore formation than pardaxin-2. Monomer. In aqueous solution exists as a tetramer. Forms a helical membrane channel in the prey. Belongs to the pardaxin family.