Catalyzes the export of an unknown physiological substrate from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol in an ATP-dependent manner (PubMed:26053025). May also transport the heme analog Zn (II) mesoporphyrin (ZnMP) in an ATP dependent manner but can't export the heme precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) from mitochondria (PubMed:28808058, PubMed:26053025). Plays a role in the early step of the heme biosynthetic process during insertion of iron into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). In turn participates in hemoglobin synthesis and also protects against oxidative stress (PubMed:22240895, PubMed:28808058, PubMed:24421385). In addition may be involved in mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) signaling pathway, although ABCB10 probably does not participate in peptide export from mitochondria (By similarity). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) stimulates ATP hydrolysis without affecting ATP binding, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) inhibits ATP binding and hydrolysis. Homodimer or homooligomer (PubMed:15215243, PubMed:30765471). Interacts with PAAT (By similarity). Interacts with SLC25A37; this interaction stabilizes SLC25A37 and enhances the function of SLC25A37 to import mitochondrial iron during erythroid differentiation (PubMed:19805291). Interacts with FECH; this interaction may allow the formation of an oligomeric complex with SLC25A37 (PubMed:20427704). Forms a complex with ABCB7 and FECH, where a dimeric FECH bridges ABCB7 and ABCB10 homodimers; this complex may be required for cellular iron homeostasis, mitochondrial function and heme biosynthesis (PubMed:30765471). Interacts with FECH (By similarity). Expressed at particularly high levels in fetal liver, and erythroid tissues of embryos and adults. Found also in adult bone marrow, liver and kidney, and at lower levels in heart, brain and spleen. Abundant in the liver but not in non-hematopoietic tissues of 13 dpc embryos. By transcription factor GATA-1 during erythroid differentiation and in vitro, by DMSO during terminal erythroid maturation. Induced during cell erythroid differentiation (PubMed:20427704). Homozygous knockout mice for ABCB10 are embryonic lethal and embryos are pale and die between 10.5 and 11.5 dpc because of embryonic hematopoietic failure (PubMed:24421385, PubMed:22240895). Embryos are completely resorbed by the uterus by 13.5 dpc and present severe anemia at 10.5 dpc (PubMed:22240895). Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. Mitochondrial peptide exporter (TC 3.A.1.212) subfamily.