Catalyzes the phosphorylation of various hexoses, such as D-glucose, D-glucosamine, D-fructose, D-mannose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-glucosamine 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-mannose 6-phosphate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate, respectively) (PubMed:13211595, PubMed:5871820, PubMed:3579310). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate (PubMed:13211595, PubMed:5871820). Involved in innate immunity and inflammation by acting as a pattern recognition receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan (By similarity). When released in the cytosol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine component of bacterial peptidoglycan inhibits the hexokinase activity of HK1 and causes its dissociation from mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby activating the NLRP3 inflammasome (By similarity). ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate + H(+) ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate + H(+) ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate + H(+) ATP + D-glucosamine = ADP + D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H(+) Hexokinase is an allosteric enzyme inhibited by its product D-glucose 6-phosphate. Hexokinase activity is inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Carbohydrate metabolism; hexose metabolism. Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose: step 1/4. Monomer (By similarity). Interacts with RABL2/RABL2A; binds preferentially to GTP-bound RABL2 (By similarity). Interacts with VDAC1. The HK1-VDAC1 complex interacts with ATF2 (By similarity). Interacts (via N-terminal spermatogenic cell-specific region) with PFKM (via C-terminus) (By similarity). The mitochondrial-binding peptide (MBP) region promotes association with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Dissociates from the mitochondrial outer membrane following inhibition by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, leading to relocation to the cytosol. Expressed in flagella of epididymal sperm. The N- and C-terminal halves of this hexokinase contain a hexokinase domain. The catalytic activity is associated with the C-terminus while regulatory function is associated with the N-terminus. Each domain can bind a single D-glucose and D-glucose 6-phosphate molecule. Belongs to the hexokinase family.