Is toxic to both insects and mammals. Induces reversible paralysis when injected into S.frugiperda larvae. Reduces both the amplitude and frequency of responses from muscle (GF-TTM and GF-DLM) pathways in the D.melanogaster giant fiber circuit, suggesting an action at the neuromuscular junction, which is mediated by glutamatergic receptors. In mice, intracranial injection of 30 ug causes increased urination, myoclonus, hypermotility with circular movements followed by respiratory and generalized seizures resulting in death within 25-35 minutes of injection. Expressed by the venom gland. PD(50) is 13 ug/g in insect larvae (S.frugiperda) (at 8 hours post-injection). Has no effect on human Nav1.2/SCN2A, Nav1.4/SCN4A, Nav1.5/SCN5A or Nav1.6/SCN8A voltage-gated potassium channels (at 1 uM). Does not alter the response induced by acetylcholine in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell preparation (at 1 uM). Belongs to the neurotoxin 12 (Hwtx-2) family. 01 (Ap1a) subfamily.