Pathogen-recognition receptor which mediates the activation of TRAF2- and TRAF6 NF-kappa-B signaling pathways and induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PubMed:26776522, PubMed:19679103, PubMed:25026888). In kidney, prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria by inducing the production of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial substances (PubMed:25026888). In gut, involved in host-microbiota interactions, plays a critical role in promoting the recruitment of immune cells and intestinal inflammation (PubMed:26776522). Activated by TLR ligands such as LPS, bacterial DNA and peptidoglycan. Interacts with TRAF2 and TRAF6. Strongly expressed in kidney, also expressed in spleen, intestine and colon (PubMed:26776522, PubMed:19679103). Highly expressed in epithelial cells (PubMed:26776522). In kidney, mainly expressed in renal collecting duct epithelial cells (PubMed:25026888). Knockout mice display increased longevity compared with the cohoused wild-type littermates. Almost all mutant mice remain alive, whereas most of the wild-type mice (>80%) di after 2 years on standard chow. Mutant body weights are lower than those of wild-type. Gut tissues of wild-type mice show slight inflammation whereas mutant mouse gut tissues do not. The gut tissues of mutant mice are more yellow and the colon tissues are thinner in mutant mice than in WT mice and the ceca are enlarged significantly (PubMed:26776522). They show lower expression of cytokines such as TNF, ILB, IL6, IFNG, IL17 and IL12 in the gut tissues (PubMed:26776522). Mice are resistant to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and colon cancer (PubMed:26776522). They have fewer and smaller gut tissue-associated lymph node Peyer plaques compared with cohoused wild-type mice with fewer adaptive immune cells that have accumulated in their gut immune systems (PubMed:26776522). Mutants show reduced expression of several chemokines, including CCL6, CCL9, CXCL9, and CXCL10 (PubMed:26776522). They also show an altered gut microbiota and reduced expression of REGs (PubMed:26776522). Mutants are more susceptible to uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections (PubMed:25026888).