Multifunctional transcription factor that exhibits positive and negative control on a large number of cellular and viral genes by binding to sites overlapping the transcription start site. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-CCGCCATNTT-3'; some genes have been shown to contain a longer binding motif allowing enhanced binding; the initial CG dinucleotide can be methylated greatly reducing the binding affinity. The effect on transcription regulation is depending upon the context in which it binds and diverse mechanisms of action include direct activation or repression, indirect activation or repression via cofactor recruitment, or activation or repression by disruption of binding sites or conformational DNA changes. Its activity is regulated by transcription factors and cytoplasmic proteins that have been shown to abrogate or completely inhibit YY1-mediated activation or repression. For example, it acts as a repressor in absence of adenovirus E1A protein but as an activator in its presence. Acts synergistically with the SMAD1 and SMAD4 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression (PubMed:15329343). Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'-GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions. May play an important role in development and differentiation. Proposed to recruit the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex to target genes that are transcriptional repressed. Involved in DNA repair. In vitro, binds to DNA recombination intermediate structures (Holliday junctions). Plays a role in regulating enhancer activation (PubMed:28575647). Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair; proposed to target the INO80 complex to YY1-responsive elements. Interacts with YAF2 through the region encompassing the first and second zinc fingers (PubMed:9016636). Component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex; specifically part of a complex module associated with the DBINO domain of INO80 (PubMed:17721549, PubMed:18026119, PubMed:18922472, PubMed:21303910). Interacts with EED and EZH2; the interactions are indicative for an association with the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex (PubMed:11158321). Interacts with SFMBT2 (PubMed:23385818). Found in a complex with SMAD1 and SMAD4 (PubMed:15329343). Found in a complex with YY1, SIN3A and HDAC1 (By similarity). Associated with the nuclear matrix. Transiently poly-ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 upon DNA damage, with the effect of decreasing affinity of YY1 to its cognate DNA binding sites. Ubiquitinated. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Belongs to the YY transcription factor family.