Component of the MITRAC (mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex) complex, that regulates cytochrome c oxidase assembly (By similarity). Promotes the progression of complex assembly after the association of Mt-Co1/Cox11 with Cox4I1 and Cox6c (By similarity). Chaperone-like assembly factor required to stabilize newly synthesized Mt-Co1/Cox1 and to prevent its premature turnover (By similarity). Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (PubMed:27440717, PubMed:28844870, PubMed:29364701, PubMed:28965207, PubMed:30609107). Is a ligand for GPR173 (PubMed:27440717). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (PubMed:22963497, PubMed:27440717). More specifically, it regulates the expression of transcription factors CEBPB and POU2F1/OCT1 through the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, which subsequently regulate the expression of GNRHR and KISS1 (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (PubMed:29364701). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety by increasing NUCB2 expression in neurons (PubMed:28844870, PubMed:30930149). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (By similarity). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (By similarity). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation by activating the AKT1-NOS3 and MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:28965207). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (PubMed:28965207). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (PubMed:30251651). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS1 and INS2 through activation of the MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:31422055). Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (PubMed:27440717, PubMed:28844870, PubMed:29364701, PubMed:28965207, PubMed:30609107). Is a ligand for GPR173 (PubMed:27440717). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (PubMed:22963497, PubMed:27440717). More specifically, it regulates the expression of transcription factors CEBPB and POU2F1/OCT1 through the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, which subsequently regulate the expression of GNRHR and KISS1 (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (PubMed:29364701). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety by increasing NUCB2 expression in neurons (PubMed:28844870, PubMed:30930149). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (By similarity). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (By similarity). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation by activating the AKT1-NOS3 and MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:28965207). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (PubMed:28965207). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (PubMed:30251651). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS1 and INS2 through activation of the MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:31422055). Component of the MITRAC (mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex) complex, the core components of this complex being Coa3/Mitrac12 and Cox14 (By similarity). Interacts with Coa3/Mitrac12 and Cox4i1 (By similarity). Directly interacts with newly synthesized Mt-Co1/Cox1 (By similarity). Highly expressed in the hypothalamus, substantia nigra reticulata, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the spinal cord, and sensory ganglia (at protein level) (PubMed:22963497, PubMed:23912037). Also expressed in the heart, thymus, esophagus, stomach, spleen, lung, pituitary gland, kidney, jejunum, duodenum, ileum, cerebrum, pons, and colon (at protein level) (PubMed:22963497, PubMed:23912037, PubMed:28965207). Expressed in preadipocytes and apidocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:30251651). Expressed in pancreatic islet cells (at protein level) (PubMed:31422055).