Plays an important role in several reproductive functions, including Muellerian duct regression during male fetal sexua,l differentiation and in the adult plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation and function (PubMed:1782869, PubMed:9435237). In female acts as a negative regulator of the primordial to primary follicle transition and decreases FSH sensitivity of growing follicles (PubMed:11861535, PubMed:11606457). Binds to its sole type II receptor, AMHR2 that recruits type I receptors ACVR1 and BMPR1A which subsequently activates the Smad pathway (By similarity). Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Expressed in Sertoli cells of fetal testes, and in testes just after birth, but absent in adult testes. In female, AMH is expressed after birth in the granulosa cells of the follicle. Preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate N- and C-terminal cleavage products that homodimerize and associate to form a biologically active non-covalent complex. Binding of the non-covalent complex to AMHRII induces dissociation of the pro-region from the mature C-terminal dimer. The N-terminal portion of the protein, despite having no intrinsic activity, has the role of amplifying the activity of the C-terminus. Homozygous null mutant males have a complete male reproductive tract and functional sperm, but also uterus and oviducts (PubMed:7954809). Most are infertile due to female organs blocking sperm transfer. Females are fertile with enlarged ovaries and atypical follicles (PubMed:7954809). Furthemore in the absence of AMH, follicle growth is more sensitive to stimulation by FSH (PubMed:11606457). Belongs to the TGF-beta family.