Plays a role as a potent and selective agonist of PTH2R resulting in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. Induces protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. May inhibit cell proliferation via its action of PTH2R activation. Neuropeptide which may also have a role in spermatogenesis. May activate nociceptors and nociceptive circuits. Ligand of high affinity for the PTH2 receptor (PTH2R). Expressed in brain, dorsal root ganglion, eye and testis. In brain expressed in cell bodies of three distinct areas: The major one comprises the subparafascicular area posterior through the intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus; a second is the medial paralemniscal nucleus at the pontomesencephalic junction; and a third is in the dorsal and dorsolateral hypothalamic areas, which contained a few, scattered cell bodies. In brain expressed in fibers of limbic areas such as the septum, the amygdala, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; of areas involved in endocrine regulation, such as the hypothalamic dorsomedial, paraventricular, periventricular, and arcuate nuclei; of auditory areas, such as the ectorhinal and temporal cortices, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and some of the nuclei of the superior olivary complex; and in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family.