Defined by the equation:
of the solute B in a solution containing B and other species. The nature of B must be clearly stated: it is taken as a group of ions of two kinds carrying an equal number of positive and negative charges, e.g.
is the total number of ions making up the group i.e. 2, 3 and 5 respectively in the above examples.
is the chemical potential
of B in its standard state
, usually the hypothetical ideal solution of concentration
and at the same temperature and pressure as the solution under consideration.
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. doi:10.1351/goldbook