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How can CMB be used to measure the curvature of the universe?
How can these patterns and fluctuations be used to determine the curvature of the universe?
The patterns and fluctuations in the CMB can be used to determine the curvature of the universe because they are sensitive to the geometry of the universe. Different geometries will produce different patterns and fluctuations, so by studying the CMB, scientists can infer the curvature of the universe.