The conversation between human and AI assistant.
Is energy in vacuum real? How do we know that this energy that can be borrowed and returned immediately is real if virtual particles didn't exist then?
But how do we know that this energy that can be borrowed and returned immediately is real if virtual particles didn't exist then?
Well, it's actually through the existence of virtual particles that we know about vacuum energy. Virtual particles are temporary fluctuations in energy that come into existence and then disappear, and they contribute to the overall vacuum energy.