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What is the acidic order of o-nitro phenol, m-nitro phenol & p-nitro phenol & why?
What is the effect of substituents on the acidity of phenols?
Substituents on a phenol can either increase or decrease its acidity. Electron-withdrawing substituents, like nitro groups, decrease electron density, making the phenol more acidic. Conversely, electron-donating substituents, like alkyl groups, increase electron density, making the phenol less acidic. The exact effect of a substituent depends on its position on the ring and its electronic nature.