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How do I control a DC motor with an encoder using Arduino?
I see. And what about the code? How do I write it to control the motor with the encoder?
You'll need to use a library like the Encoder library. This makes it easy to read the encoder's pulses and use them to control the motor's speed and direction. Here's some example code:

#include <Encoder.h>

int pwmPin = 3; // Connects to PWMA of L298N
int in1Pin = 4; // Connects to IN1 of L298N
int in2Pin = 5; // Connects to IN2 of L298N
int encoderPinA = 2;
int encoderPinB = 4;

Encoder encoder(encoderPinA, encoderPinB);

void setup() {
  pinMode(pwmPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in1Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in2Pin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(in1Pin, LOW);
  digitalWrite(in2Pin, HIGH);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  int motorSpeed = encoder.read();
  analogWrite(pwmPin, motorSpeed); // Send PWM signal to motor driver
  Serial.println(motorSpeed); // Print speed to serial monitor for debugging
}