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In a water flowing pipeline, if the diameter of a pipe is reduced, the pressure in the line will increase. Bernoulli's theorem says that there should be a reduction in pressure when the area is reduced. What is the justification for this?
That makes sense. But why does an increase in velocity lead to a decrease in pressure?
Think of the fluid particles in the flowing pipeline. As the fluid moves through a narrower section of the pipe, the particles have less space to move around, so they speed up to maintain the same flow rate. However, this increase in velocity also means that the particles collide with the wall of the pipe more frequently, and this results in an overall decrease in pressure according to Bernoulli's equation.