The conversation between human and AI assistant.
Is energy in vacuum real? How do we know that this energy that can be borrowed and returned immediately is real if virtual particles didn't exist then?
That's really interesting. Can you tell me more about these virtual particles?
Sure. Virtual particles are particle/antiparticle pairs that spontaneously arise out of vacuum fluctuations, and then annihilate each other in a very short amount of time. While they don't have a long-term existence, their effects can still be observed and measured.