text: Efficacy of endoscopic surveillance of the upper gastrointestinal tract following distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.
  How endoscopy can be used in the follow-up of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients who underwent gastrectomy for early gastric cancer remains unclear. Two-hundred and ten patients (137 males and 73 females, aged at initial gastrectomy 27-86, average age 56.5) were followed in the present study. Results of follow-up endoscopy of all patients, pathologic diagnoses of secondary tumors and interval between gastrectomy and detection of secondary tumor were reviewed. Cumulative incidence rate of second tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract was then analyzed. Secondary tumor was observed by follow-up endoscopy in 7 patients including two gastric, one esophageal, one duodenal carcinoma and 3 gastric adenomas. The interval between initial gastrectomy and diagnosis of secondary tumor ranged from 20 to 71 months (average 51.7 months). All carcinomas were early stage and localized within the mucosa. Three patients with secondary cancer were successfully treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. The cumulative incidence rate of secondary cancer in the gastric remnant, esophagus and duodenum at six years after initial gastrectomy was 1.0, 0.8 and 0.5%, respectively. The overall incidence rate of secondary tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract at six years after distal gastrectomy was 4.1%. The present findings indicate that annual follow-up endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer can be introduced to detect carcinoma at an early stage, thus improving the survival rate of gastrectomy patients.