text: Q:
  
  OptimisticLockingException with Camunda Service Task
  
  We're seeing OptimisticLockingExceptions in a Camunda process with the following Scenario:
  The process consists of one UserTask followed by one Gateway and one ServiceTask. The UserTask executes 
  runtimeService.setVariable(execId, "object", out);`. 
  taskService.complete(taskId);
  
  The following ServiceTask uses "object" as input variable (does not modify it) and, upon completion  throws said OptimisticLockingException. My problem seems to originate from the fact, that taskService.complete() immediately executes the ServiceTask, prior to flushing the variables set in the UserTask. 
  I've had another, related issue, which occured, when in one UserTask I executed runtimeService.setVariable(Map<Strong, Boolean>) and tried to access the members of the Map as transition-guards in a gateway following that UserTask.
  I've found the following article: http://forums.activiti.org/content/urgenterror-updated-another-transaction-concurrently which seems somehow related to my issue. However, I'm not clear on the question whether this is (un)wanted behaviour and how I can access a DelegateExecution-Object from a UserTask.
  
  A:
  
  After long and cumbersome search we think, we have nailed two issues with camunda which (added together) lead to the Exception from the original question.
  
  Camunda uses equals on serialized objects (represented by byte-arrays) to determine, whether process variables have to be written back to the database. This even happens when variables are only read and not set. As equals is defined by pointer-identity on arrays, a serializabled-Object is never determined "equal" if it has been serialized more than once. We have found, that a single runtimeService.setVariable() leads to four db-updates at the time of completeTask() (One for setVariable itself, the other three for various camunda-internal validation actions). We think this is a bug and will file a bug report to camunda.
  Obviously there are two ways to set variables. One way is to use runtimeService.setVariable(), the other is to use delegateTask/delegateExecution.setVariable(). There is some flaw when using both ways at the same time. While we cannot simplify our setup to a simple unit-test, we have identified several components which have to be involved for the Exception to occur:
  
  2.1 We are using a TaskListener to set up some context-variables at the start of Tasks this task-listener used runtimeService.setVariable() instead of delegateTask.setVariable(). After we changed that, the Exception vanished.
  2.2 We used (and still use) runtimeService.setVariable() during Task-Execution. After we switched to completeTask(Variables) and omitted the runtimeService.setVariable() calls, the Exception vanished as well. However, this isn't a permanent solution as we have to store process variables during task execution.
  2.3 The exception occured only in combination when process variables where read or written by the delegate<X>.getVariable() way (either by our code or implicitly in the camunda implementation of juel-parsing with gateways and serviceTasks or completeTask(HashMap))
  Thanks a lot for all your input. 
  
  