text: Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy: the results of an initial series, and an evaluation of its role in the management of ureteric calculi.
  To evaluate the place of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in the management of ureteric calculi for which extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and endourological techniques are unsuitable. Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy was attempted in nine patients (eight men, one woman) with an age range of 26-81 years (mean 55.5) who had large, long standing and impacted calculi in the upper and mid ureter. The stone size ranged from 5 to 28 mm (mean 13.2) and stone duration ranged from one to 24 months (mean 8.2). The transperitoneal route was used in six patients and the extraperitoneal route in three but was converted to a transperitoneal approach in two. The stone was successfully removed in all nine patients. The operative time ranged from 80 to 260 minutes (mean 158). No intra-operative complication was encountered and no patient required a blood transfusion. Post-operative complications included urinary leak and fever. The post-operative stay ranged from 2 to 13 days (mean 5.2). Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy has definite advantages over open ureterolithotomy. Furthermore, the more difficult a stone is for treatment by ESWL and endourological techniques, the more suitable it is for laparoscopic removal. For large, hard, long-standing and impacted ureteric calculi, one laparoscopic ureterolithotomy as initial therapy may be preferable to multiple endourological and ESWL procedures.