In the latter case , sometimes separate versions are recorded in the Netherlands and in Flanders ( for instance , several Walt Disney films and " Harry Potter " films ) .


In Croatia , foreign films and TV series are always subtitled , while most children 's programs and animated movies are dubbed into Croatian .


Regardless of language , Croatian audiences prefer subtitling to dubbing , however it is still popular in animated films .


Some previously popular shows ( such as " Sailor Moon " ) lost their appeal completely after the practice of dubbing began , and the dubbing was eventually removed from the programs , even though most animated shows shown on television and some on home media have been well received by people watching dubbed versions of them .


The Istro-Romanians of Istria were also poor .


Some of Croatian dubbing is also broadcast in Bosnia and Herzegovina .


In Greece , most cartoon films have dubs .


" are always subtitled and contain the original English dialogue , since they are mostly for adults rather than children , ( even though the movie " Space Jam " was subtitled instead of being dubbed , since also this is suitable for children ) .


However some films have been dubbed into Irish by TG4 , including the " Harry Potter " film series .


The first telephone exchange was opened in Zagreb ( 8 January 1881 ) , the second was in Budapest ( 1 May 1881 ) , and the third was opened in Vienna ( 3 June 1881 ) .


Animated movies are shown in theaters with Dutch dubbing , but usually those cinemas with more screening rooms also provide the original subtitled version , such as movies like " Finding Nemo " , " Shrek the Third " and " WALL-E " .


In Poland , cinema releases for general audiences are almost exclusively subtitled , with the exception of children 's movies , and television screenings of movies , as well as made-for-TV shows .


This method , called " juxtareading , " is similar to the so-called Gavrilov translation in Russia , with one difference - all dialogues are voiced by one off-screen reader ( ) , preferably with a deep and neutral voice which does not interfere with the pitch of voice of the original speakers in the background .


It is claimed that , until around 1951 , there were no revoiced foreign movies available in Poland .


What would become Cisleithania gained of track , and Hungary built of track .


Poland 's dubbing traditions began between the two world wars .


In 1949 , the first dubbing studio opened in Łódź .


Polish dubbing in the first post-war years suffered from poor synchronization .


Polish dialogues were not always audible and the cinema equipment of that time often made films sound less clear than they were .


Between 1879 and 1900 , more than of railways were built in Cisleithania and Hungary .


Polish dubbing had a golden age between the 1960 s and the 1980 s .


The " Polish dubbing school " was known for its high quality .


In that time , Poland had some of the best dubbing in the world .


In that time , dubbing in Poland was very popular .


In 1914 , of a total of of railway tracks in Austria , ( 82 % ) were state owned .


In its first years , it dubbed 30 % of its schedule dubbing popular films and TV series , one of the best-known and popular dubbings was that of " Friends " , but this proved unsuccessful .


They mainly dubbed BBC productions such as " The League of Gentlemen " , " Absolutely Fabulous " and " Men Behaving Badly " .


One of the major breakthroughs in dubbing was the Polish release of " Shrek " , which contained many references to local culture and Polish humor .


In the case of DVD releases , most discs contain both the original soundtrack and subtitles , and either voice over or dubbed Polish track .


The first Hungarian steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and Vác .


Until 1994 , animated movies , as well as other TV series for children shown in Portugal , have imported Brazilian Portuguese dubs due to the lack of interest from Portuguese companies in the dubbing industry .


The Lion King " was the first feature film to be dubbed in European Portuguese rather than strictly Brazilian Portuguese .


Currently , all movies for children are dubbed in European Portuguese .


Subtitles are preferred in Portugal , used in every foreign-language documentary , TV series and film .


Nearly half ( 52 % ) of the empire 's railways were built in Hungary , thus the railroad density there became higher than that of Cisleithania .


Presently , live action series and movies are always shown in their original language format with Portuguese subtitles .


Some video games aimed at adults ( such as " God of War III " , " Halo 3 " , " Assassin 's Creed III " and " inFamous 2 " ) are dubbed in European Portuguese , although there they provide an option to select the original language .


The only dub made after 1980 s and 1990 s ones that 's considered cult is " SpongeBob SquarePants " dub , made by B92 in period 2002 – 2017 , because of a great popularity and memorable translation with local humor phrases , such as 1980 s dubs translation .


In 1831 a plan had already been drafted to make the passage navigable , at the initiative of the Hungarian politician István Széchenyi .


In the United Kingdom , the vast majority of foreign language films are subtitled , although mostly animated films are dubbed in English .


These usually originate from North America , as opposed to being dubbed locally .


When airing films on television , channels in the UK often choose subtitling over dubbing , even if a dubbing in English exists .


The off-screen narrated portions of some programs and reality shows that originate from North America are also redone with British English voices .


Finally Gábor Baross , Hungary 's " Iron Minister " , succeeded in financing this project .


In Finland , the dubbed version from Sweden may also be available at certain cinemas for children of the 5 % Swedish-speaking minority , but only in cities or towns with a significant percentage of Swedish speakers .


In Finnish movie theaters , films for adult audiences have both Finnish and Swedish subtitles , the Finnish printed in basic font and the Swedish printed below the Finnish in a cursive font .


In the early ages of television , foreign TV shows and movies were voiced by narrator in Finland .


Later , subtitles became a practice on Finnish television .


The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be .


A good example is " The Simpsons Movie " .


While the original version was well-received , the Finnish-dubbed version received poor reviews , with some critics even calling it a disaster .


On the other hand , many dubs of Disney animated features have been well-received , both critically and by the public .


In Iceland , the dubbed version of film and TV is usually Danish with some translated into Icelandic .


It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain , which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe .


In the Turkish , French , Italian , Spanish , German , Czech , Slovak , Hungarian , Polish , Russian and Ukrainian language-speaking markets of Europe , almost all foreign films and television shows are dubbed ( the exception being the majority of theatrical releases of adult-audience movies in the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Poland and Turkey and high-profile videos in Russia ) .


In Spain , Italy , Germany and Austria , even in the largest cities , there are few cinemas that screen original versions with subtitles , or without any translation .


Almost all theaters show movies with their French dubbing ( “ VF ” , short for ) .


Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly , the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns , which led to many large floods in the area .


However , since the advent of digital television , foreign programs are broadcast to television viewers in both languages ( sometimes , French with audio description is also aired ) ; while the French-language track is selected by default , viewers can switch to the original-language track and enable French subtitles .


As a special case , the binational television channel Arte broadcasts both the French and German dubbings and subtitles , in addition to the original-language version .


In Italy , dubbing is systematic , with a tradition going back to the 1930 s in Rome , Milan , Florence and Turin .


In Mussolini 's fascist Italy , release of movies in foreign languages was banned in 1938 for political reasons .


The new length of the river in Hungary was ( total ) , with of " dead channels " and of new riverbed .


However , dubbing in Milan is mostly of cartoons and some minor productions .


Subtitles may be available on late-night programs on mainstream TV channels , and on pay-TV all movies are available in the original language with Italian subtitles , many shows featuring their original soundtracks .


Early in their careers , actors such as Alberto Sordi or Nino Manfredi worked extensively as dubbing actors .


At one point , common practice in Italian cinema was to shoot scenes MOS ( motor only sync or motor only shot ) and dub the dialogue in post-production .


The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises ( out of of all Hungarian protected rivers ) .


The most important Italian voice actors and actresses , as long as the main celebrities dubbed in their career , are listed below .


Most anime DVDs contain options for original Japanese , Japanese with subtitles , and English-dubbed , except for a handful of series that have been heavily edited or Americanized .


In addition , Disney has a policy that makes its directors undergo stages to perfect alignment of certain lip movements so the movie looks believable .


Conversely , British programs shown in Canada are not re-dubbed .


It was also the first steamship in Habsburg ruled states .


In theaters , children 's movies and most blockbuster films are dubbed into Standard Spanish or Mexican Spanish , and are sometimes further dubbed into regional dialects of Spanish where they are released .


In Mexico , by law , films shown in theaters must be shown in their original version .


Films in languages other than Spanish are usually subtitled .


Dubbing must be made in Mexico by Mexican nationals or foreigners residing in Mexico .


Most movies released on DVD feature neutral Spanish as a language option , and sometimes feature a specific dub for Mexican audiences ( for example , " Rio " ) .


Dubbing became very popular in the 1990 s with the rise in popularity of anime in Mexico .


Sony recently announced that more games ( such as " God of War : Ascension " ) will be dubbed into neutral Spanish .


Most movies intended for kids are being offered as dub-only movies , while most films aimed at older audiences are being offered dubbed and subtitled in Spanish .


The merchant marine did not develop until Venice 's shipping interest declined .


As a result , in recent years , more cinemas have opened in Brazil , attracting new audiences to the cinema who prefer dubbing .


Most of the dubbing studios in Brazil is in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo .


By the end of the 1950 s , most of the movies , TV series and cartoons on television in Brazil were shown in its original sound and subtitles .


However , in 1961 , a decree of President Jânio Quadros ruled that all foreign productions on television should be dubbed .


Prior to the beginning of World War I , the company owned 65 middle-sized and large steamers .


Most DVD and Blu-ray releases usually feature Portuguese , Spanish , and the original audio along with subtitles in native languages .


Most video games are dubbed in Brazilian Portuguese rather than having European Portuguese dubs alone .


Games such as " Halo 3 " , " God of War : Ascension " , " inFamous 2 " , " Assassin 's Creed III " , " Skylanders : Spyro 's Adventure " , " World of Warcraft " and others are dubbed in Brazilian Portuguese .


This is because despite the dropping of the dubbing law in Portugal in 1994 , most companies in that country use the Brazilian Portuguese because of traditional usage during the days of the dubbing rule , along with these dubbings being more marketable than European Portuguese .


It amounted in 1905 to 103,100 men , of which Austria furnished 59,211 men , and Hungary 43,889 .


Formerly , all French-language dubbed films in Quebec were imported from France and some still are .


However , later films in both series released 1999 and later were dubbed in Quebec , using different voice actors and " reversing " name changes made in France 's dubbings due to the change in studio .


English live-action movies and shows are not dubbed in theaters or on television .


Serbia , Montenegro and Romania became fully independent .


However most cinemas also offer subtitled versions of English-language films .


For the Cantonese localization , there were actually two dubs for Hong Kong and Macau .


In Israel , only children 's movies and TV programming are dubbed in Hebrew .


Therefore , most viewers prefer to hear the original soundtrack , aided by Hebrew subtitles .


The Archduke was rumoured to have been an advocate for this trialism as a means to limit the power of the Hungarian aristocracy .


Later , around the 1950 s , foreign television programs and films began to be shown dubbed in Japanese on television .


The first ones to be dubbed into Japanese were the 1940 s Superman cartoons in 1955 .


Presently , TV shows and movies ( both those aimed at all ages and adults-only ) are shown dubbed with the original language and Japanese subtitles , while providing the original language option when the same film is released on VHS , DVD and Blu-ray .


In Japanese theaters , foreign-language movies , except those intended for children , are usually shown in their original version with Japanese subtitles .


On 28 June 1914 , Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited the Bosnian capital , Sarajevo .


These also feature a new dub created exclusively for that release as a director 's cut , or a new dub made with a better surround sound mix to match that of the original English mix ( as most older Japanese dubbings were made on mono mixes to be aired on TV ) .


However , some anime is censored , such as Japanese letters or content being edited for a suitable Korean audience .


Western cartoons are dubbed in Korean as well , such as Nickelodeon cartoons like " SpongeBob SquarePants " and " Danny Phantom " .


Sometimes , video games are dubbed in Korean .


On Sunday and Monday [ June 28 and 29 ] , the crowds in Vienna listened to music and drank wine , as if nothing had happened .


In big cities like Bangkok , Thai-language movies have English subtitles .


Similarly , politicians leaders have expressed concerns over their content , given Turkey 's less conservative culture .


In Vietnam , foreign-language films and programs are subtitled on television in Vietnamese .


In multilingual Singapore , dubbing is rare for western programs .


460 Serbs were sentenced to death and a predominantly Muslim special militia known as the " Schutzkorps " was established and carried out the persecution of Serbs .


During recent years , DVDs with Persian subtitles have found a market among viewers for the same reason , but most people still prefer the Persian-speaking dubbed versions .


A list of Persian voice actors that associate with their actor counterparts are listed here .


In Georgia , original soundtracks are kept in films and TV series , but with voice-over translation .


These movies are usually imported directly from French film distributors .


Serbia had recently gained considerable territory in the Second Balkan War of 1913 , causing much distress in government circles in Vienna and Budapest .


In the Arabic-speaking countries , some children shows ( mainly cartoons & kids sitcoms ) are dubbed in Arabic , otherwise Arabic subtitles are used .


In South Africa , many television programs were dubbed in Afrikaans , with the original soundtrack ( usually in English , but sometimes Dutch or German ) " simulcast " in FM stereo on Radio 2000 .


Similarly , many programs , such as " The Jeffersons " , were dubbed into Zulu , but this has also declined as local drama production has increased .


However , some animated films , such as " Maya the Bee " , have been dubbed in both Afrikaans and Zulu by local artists .


They proposed to solve the dispute with arms , attacking Serbia .


However , some TV commercials from foreign countries are dubbed , even if the original commercial came from another English-speaking country .


In most English-speaking countries , dubbing is comparatively rare .


In Israel , some programs need to be comprehensible to speakers of both Russian and Hebrew .


This cannot be accomplished with dubbing , so subtitling is much more commonplace - sometimes even with subtitles in multiple languages , with the soundtrack remaining in the original language , usually English .


In the capital cities of Vienna and Budapest , the leftist and liberal movements and opposition parties strengthened and supported the separatism of ethnic minorities .


In Argentina and Venezuela , terrestrial channels air films and TV series in a dubbed version , as demanded by law .


In Bulgaria , television series are dubbed , but most television channels use subtitles for action and drama movies .


AXN uses subtitles for its series , but as of 2008 emphasizes dubbing .


Many video games originally produced in North America , Japan , and PAL countries are dubbed into foreign languages for release in areas such as Europe and Australia , especially for video games that place a heavy emphasis on dialogue .


Hungary , with its heavy agricultural base , was somewhat better fed .


English dubs of Japanese animation , for example , must rewrite the dialogue so that it flows smoothly while following the natural pattern of English speech .


It did not stir syndicate interest , but what he learned on the strip helped him when he created " On the Fastrack " .


In 2010 , characters from " On the Fastrack " and " Safe Havens " began appearing in both strips .


Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna marched his army towards the Isonzo river , hoping to seize Ljubljana , and to eventually threaten Vienna .


Generalizations are possible to metrics other than Euclidean distance .


The circumcenters of Delaunay triangles are the vertices of the Voronoi diagram .


The Bowyer–Watson algorithm provides another approach for incremental construction .


Typically , the domain to be meshed is specified as a coarse simplicial complex ; for the mesh to be numerically stable , it must be refined , for instance by using Ruppert 's algorithm .


However , the Royal Italian Army were halted on the river , where four battles took place over five months ( 23 June – 2 December 1915 ) .


Following an endorsement by horror writer Stephen King , the film slowly began to receive distribution .


The autobiography was a successful " New York Times " Best Seller .


Guests of the event were Sam Raimi , Robert Tapert and Doug Benson .


His grandson , the third Baron , was a soldier , cricketer and tennis player and a member of the International Olympic Committee .


Nonetheless , they had to stop on the Carso , a few kilometres away from the border .


Historically , civil defendants could be taken into custody under a writ of " Caspian ad respondent " .


He flourished in the reigns of Tiberius , Caligula , Claudius and Nero .


He was suffect consul in the " nundinium " of September to December 39 as the colleague of Aulus Didius Gallus .


In 2011 , actor Bradley Cooper expressed interest in taking over the adaptation .


Italy , although suffering massive casualties , recovered from the blow , and a coalition government under Vittorio Emanuele Orlando was formed .


In 1818 , he was ordained as a Catholic priest .


Maurice Starr was influenced by New Edition and popularized it with his protégé New Kids on the Block , the first commercially successful modern boy band , who formed in 1984 and found international success in 1988 .


This late 1990 s marked the height of boy band popularity in North America , which has not been seen since .


Backstreet Boys and NSYNC became the two biggest boy bands in the late 1990 s until the early 2000 s , and Backstreet Boys went on to become the best-selling boy band in history with over 100 million records sold .


However , the leaders of these national groups rejected the idea ; they deeply distrusted Vienna and were now determined to get independence .


At the height of boy band popularity in North America , MTV created their own parody boyband , 2gether .


Like The Monkees in the 1960 s , they were a manufactured act composed of actors .


They had the yearly best-selling single in Japan in 2008 and 2009 .


In 2003 SMAP released the single " Sekai ni Hitotsu Dake no Hana " that has become the third best-selling single ever in Japan , with over 3 million copies sold .


Two days later , he issued a similar proclamation for Hungary .


Other boy bands like JLS and Mindless Behavior also emerged and experienced remarkable success around this time .


However , apart from them , boy bands have not seen the commercial boom experienced in the genre from the mid to late nineties in North America .


BIGBANG , EXO had the second and third best-selling albums .


Other boy bands with albums in the yearly top 20 of 2016 are BTS , SHINee , GOT7 , Seventeen , INFINITE and VIXX .


The restored Kingdom of Hungary , which had replaced the republican government in 1920 , lost roughly 72 % of the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Hungary .


Newer groups from late 2000 s such as JLS have all made a point from early interviews that they write their own songs and hold their own image as this is an important part of marketing .


Some bands like The Wanted have even spent time learning the craft of songwriting .


Just recently some boy bands decided to go back to their original doo-wop roots , most notably , The Overtones .


Since the 2000 s , groups such as Backstreet Boys and LFO have disliked the term " boy band " and have preferred to be known as a " male vocal group " .


As a result of these economic difficulties , extremist movements gained strength ; and there was no regional superpower in central Europe .


He had a role in Oliver Stone 's " Natural Born Killers " that was eventually cut .


" Canterbury 's Law " aired in the spring of 2008 and was canceled after eight episodes .


He wrote the American adaptation of " Sirens " .


He is an executive producer of the documentary " Burn " , which chronicles the struggles of the Detroit Fire Department .


Unlike its former Hungarian partner , Austria had never been a nation in any real sense .


He is a fan of the Boston Bruins and the Boston Red Sox , as well as the Green Bay Packers .


Dextromethorphan has not been shown to cause vacuolization in animals , also known as Olney 's lesions , despite early speculation that it might , due to similarities with ketamine .


The occurrence of Olney 's lesions in humans , however , has not been proven or disproven .


The doctorate ( ) appeared in medieval Europe as a license to teach ( ) at a medieval university .


With the loss of 60 % of the Austrian Empire 's prewar territory , Vienna was now an imperial capital without an empire to support it .


This right remained a bone of contention between the church authorities and the slowly emancipating universities , but was granted by the pope to the University of Paris in 1213 where it became a universal license to teach ( " licentia ubiquie docendi " ) .


There was some dispute over whether only the PhD-level Doctor of Juridical Science should properly be seen as granting the title , but ethics opinions made it clear that the new Code allowed JD-holders to be called " Doctor " , while reaffirming that the older Canons did not .


The introduction of further professional doctorates in the US at ISCED level 7 , the same as the MD and JD , has led to continuing debate about the use of the title by holders of such degrees , particularly in medical contexts .


The abbreviation Drs. can also refer to doctorandus , a Dutch academic title that was replaced with the master title with the introduction of the master system .


Despite the temporary " Anschluss " with Nazi Germany , it still survives today .


Physicians , on the other hand , when they pass their " MRCP ( UK ) " examinations , or equivalent , do not drop " Dr " but retain it , even as consultants .


In Bangladesh , use of the title of Doctor ( Dr. ) is permitted for Ph.D. degree holders and registered medical practitioners .


In Pakistan , the title of Doctor ( Dr. ) can be used by Ph.D. degree holders as well as medical , dental and veterinary doctors with MBBS , BDS and DVM degrees respectively .


There does exist in Filipino an equivalent , gender-neutral term for the professional that carries the more general notion of " healer " , traditional ( for example , an " albuláryo " ) or otherwise : " manggagámot " .


By comparison , Hungary had been a nation and a state for over 900 years .


The National Institutes of Health similarly use " Dr. ( surname ) " in salutations for people with an M.D. , Ph.D. or D.D.S. They advise using full name followed by degrees in addressees , explicitly stating not to use the title " Dr. " , although an example in the following paragraph does , in fact , use the title rather than giving degrees .


may not be permitted to use the title of Doctor in countries such as Germany where this is strictly controlled .


In France , the title of " Docteur " is only used generally for physicians ( " médecin " ) but can also be used by holders of research doctorates .


The law in France allows the title of Dr to be used professionally by holders of research doctorates , with the field of their speciality being mentioned after the name .


Hungary , however , was severely disrupted by the loss of 72 % of its territory , 64 % of its population and most of its natural resources .


The European Research Council decided in 2010 that those Dr. med. doctorates do not meet the international standards of a PhD research degree .


In Germany , the most common doctoral degrees are " Dr. med. " ( medicine ) , " Dr. med. dent .


It was announced in 2012 that this would be further extended to cover PhDs awarded in New Zealand .


CSc titles were awarded by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences .


Finally , in March 1920 , royal powers were entrusted to a regent , Miklós Horthy , who had been the last commanding admiral of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and had helped organize the counter-revolutionary forces .


In Malta , the title of Doctor is used by academic doctors ( with Ph.D. s ) , medical practitioners , dentists and lawyers .


Its use by lawyers is due to the qualifying degree for practicing law having been the LLD until reforms in 2014 , and has been described as " historical baggage " by the Dean of the University of Malta 's law school .


Lawyers do not generally use the title when practicing outside of Malta .


To enter a Dutch doctoral defense , the candidate must hold a validated master 's degree ( a master 's degree of an acknowledged university , or a master equivalent degree validated on a case by case basis by the Dutch government ) .


Austria was represented by the black-yellow flag .


Dutch drs. should not be confused with the plural ' doctorates ' : having a PhD in multiple disciplines .


Doctor is commonly used in the United Kingdom as the title for a person who has received a doctoral degree or , as courtesy title , for a qualified medical practitioner or dentist who does not have a doctorate .


There are no restrictions on the use of the title " Doctor " in the United Kingdom , except where , in commercial advertising , it might imply that the user holds a general medical qualification .


According to the etiquette guide , Debrett 's , holders of doctoral degrees and medical doctors ( but not surgeons ) should be addressed as " Doctor " .


The Hungarian half of the state , on the other hand , legally had no flag of its own .


Black 's note that gynaecologists are addressed as surgeons in England and Wales but as doctors elsewhere .


Dentists have traditionally ( as dental surgeons ) been referred to in the same way as surgeons , but since 1995 the General Dental Council have permitted dentists to use the title " Doctor " , though many do not choose to do this , thereby stressing their surgeon status .


However , Debrett 's continues to advises that dentists are normally addressed as surgeons and that the title " Doctor " is usually only used for dentists who have a doctoral degree .


In Welsh , the holder of a doctoral degree is " doethur " while a medical doctor is " doctor " or " meddyg " .


62 and 63 ) , in all joint Croatian and Hungarian affairs , symbols of both Croatia and Hungary respectively had to be used .


Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire .


Together these four " foundation collections " included many of the most treasured books now in the British Library including the Lindisfarne Gospels and the sole surviving manuscript of " Beowulf " .


The predominance of natural history , books and manuscripts began to lessen when in 1772 the museum acquired for £ 8,410 its first significant antiquities in Sir William Hamilton 's " first " collection of Greek vases .


It is found on Abraxas stones , which were worn as amulets .


The collections were supplemented by the Bassae frieze from Phigaleia , Greece in 1815 .


The museum became a construction site as Sir Robert Smirke 's grand neo-classical building gradually arose .


In 1840 , the museum became involved in its first overseas excavations , Charles Fellows 's expedition to Xanthos , in Asia Minor , whence came remains of the tombs of the rulers of ancient Lycia , among them the Nereid and Payava monuments .


Of particular interest to curators was the eventual discovery of Ashurbanipal 's great library of cuneiform tablets , which helped to make the museum a focus for Assyrian studies .


In some areas the communications may be by amateur radio , FRS , GMRS or MURS radio , dedicated telephone or fire-alarm networks .


In 1931 , the art dealer Sir Joseph Duveen offered funds to build a gallery for the Parthenon sculptures .


After the war , the museum continued to collect from all countries and all centuries : among the most spectacular additions were the 2600 BC Mesopotamian treasure from Ur , discovered during Leonard Woolley 's 1922 – 34 excavations .


The immediate post-war years were taken up with the return of the collections from protection and the restoration of the museum after the Blitz .


Ethnographical fieldwork was carried out in places as diverse as New Guinea , Madagascar , Romania , Guatemala and Indonesia and there were excavations in the Near East , Egypt , Sudan and the UK .


The teenage protagonist , Alex , narrates his violent exploits and his experiences with state authorities intent on reforming him .


Its head is the Director of the British Museum .


The architect Sir John James Burnet was petitioned to put forward ambitious long-term plans to extend the building on all three sides .


A collection of immense importance for its range and quality , it includes objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance in Egypt and the Sudan .


Over the years more than 11,000 objects came from this source , including pieces from Amarna , Bubastis and Deir el-Bahari .


In a metafictional touch , the husband is a writer working on a manuscript called " " A Clockwork Orange " " , and Alex contemptuously reads out a paragraph that states the novel 's main theme before shredding the manuscript .


The size of the Egyptian collections now stand at over 110,000 objects .


The second-floor galleries have a selection of the museum 's collection of 140 mummies and coffins , the largest outside Cairo .


The collections represent the civilisations of the ancient Near East and its adjacent areas .


The department also has three diorite statues of the ruler Gudea from the ancient state of Lagash and a series of limestone kudurru or boundary stones from different locations across ancient Mesopotamia .


At home in his parents ' flat , Alex plays classical music at top volume , which he describes as giving him orgasmic bliss before falling asleep .


Reliefs and sculptures from the site of Persepolis were donated by Sir Gore Ouseley in 1825 and the 5th Earl of Aberdeen in 1861 and the museum received part of a pot-hoard of jewellery from Pasargadae as the division of finds in 1963 .


Moreover , the museum has been able to acquire one of the greatest assemblages of Achaemenid silverware in the world .


Another often overlooked highlight is Yemeni antiquities , the finest collection outside that country .


From the modern state of Syria come almost forty funerary busts from Palmyra and a group of stone reliefs from the excavations of Max von Oppenheim at Tell Halaf that was purchased in 1920 .


Alex feigns illness to his parents to stay out of school the next day .


As such , it contains a broad range of pottery , paintings , tiles , metalwork , glass , seals , and inscriptions from across the Islamic world , from Spain in the west to India in the east .


They include approximately 130,000 cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia .


A representative selection of Iron Age artefacts from Hallstatt were acquired as a result of the Evans / Lubbock excavations and from Giubiasco in Ticino through the Swiss National Museum .


Choice horological pieces came from the Morgan and Ilbert collections .


That night after a nap , Alex finds his droogs in a mutinous mood , waiting downstairs in the torn-up and graffitied lobby .


Prehistoric objects from the region include a bird-shaped pestle and a group of stone mortars from Papua New Guinea .


A poignant artefact is the wooden shield found near Botany Bay during Cook 's first voyage in 1770 .


The Wilson cabinet of curiosities from Palau is another example of pre-contact ware .


The department has also benefited greatly from the legacy of pioneering anthropologists such as Bronisław Malinowski and Katherine Routledge .


The gang abandons Alex on the front step to be arrested by the police ; while in custody , he learns that the woman has died from her injuries .


It is a point of controversy whether museums should be allowed to possess artefacts taken from other countries , and the British Museum is a notable target for criticism .


In recent years , controversies pertaining to reparation of artefacts taken from the Old Summer Palace in Beijing during the Anglo-French invasion of China in 1860 have also begun to surface .


However , there have been fears that the United Kingdom may be asked to return these treasures .


These coefficients for varying and can be arranged to form Pascal 's triangle .


The technique is a form of aversion therapy , in which Alex is injected with nausea-inducing drugs while watching graphically violent films , eventually conditioning him to become severely ill at the mere thought of violence .


A sequence is binomial if and only if its basis operator is a Delta operator .


This work was destroyed when the wall was torn down in 1660 , but a 1649 copy by Albrecht Kauw is extant .


The deathly horrors of the 14th century such as recurring famines , the Hundred Years ' War in France , and , most of all , the Black Death , were culturally assimilated throughout Europe .


In 2 Maccabees , a deuterocanonical book of the Bible , the grim martyrdom of a mother and her seven sons is described and was a well-known mediaeval subject .


The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated to a group of VIPs , who watch as Alex collapses before a bully and abases himself before a scantily clad young woman .


They were cut in wood by the accomplished Formschneider ( block cutter ) Hans Lützelburger .


His medical reputation was based on his " Tuta ac efficax luis venereae saepe absque mercurio ac semper absque salivatione mercuriali curando methodus " ( 1684 ) which was translated into French , Dutch and German .


is one of the four provinces of Pakistan .


Its provincial capital and largest city is Quetta .


Although the prison chaplain accuses the state of stripping Alex of free will , the government officials on the scene are pleased with the results and Alex is released from prison .


The main ethnic groups in the province are the Baloch people and the Pashtuns , who constitute 52 % and 36 % of the population respectively ( according to the preliminary 2011 census ) .


The remaining 12 % comprises smaller communities of Brahuis , Hazaras along with other settlers such as Sindhis , Punjabis , Uzbeks and Turkmens .


Largely underdeveloped , its provincial economy is dominated by natural resources , especially its natural gas fields , estimated to have sufficient capacity to supply Pakistan 's demands over the medium to long term .


Balochistan is noted for its unique culture and extremely dry desert climate .


Alex returns to his parents ' flat , only to find that they are letting his room to a lodger .


At certain times , the Kushans also held political sway in parts of Balochistan .


During the caliphate of Ali , a revolt broke out in southern Balochistan 's Makran region .


Later , Nader Shah won the allegiance of the rulers of eastern Balochistan .


During the time of the Indian independence movement , " three pro-Congress parties were still active in Balochistan 's politics " , such as the Anjuman-i-Watan Baluchistan , which favoured a united India and opposed its partition .


They take Alex outside of town , brutalise him , and abandon him there .


Balochistan is situated in the southwest of Pakistan and covers an area of .


It is Pakistan 's largest province by area , constituting 44 % of Pakistan 's total land mass .


The province is bordered by Afghanistan to the north and north-west , Iran to the south-west , Punjab and Sindh , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to the north-east .


Alex collapses at the door of an isolated cottage , realising too late that it is the one he and his droogs invaded in Part 1 .


Balochistan is rich in exhaustible and renewable resources ; it is the second major supplier of natural gas in Pakistan .


The province 's renewable and human resource potential has not been systematically measured or exploited due to pressures from within and without Pakistan .


The record highest temperature , , was recorded in Sibi on 26 May 2010 , exceeding the previous record , .


Other hot areas include Turbat and Dalbandin .


He does not recognise Alex but gives him shelter and questions him about the conditioning he has undergone .


Balochistan has been called a " neglected province where a majority of population lacks amenities " .


Though the province remains largely underdeveloped , several major development projects , including the construction of a new deep sea port at the strategically important town of Gwadar , are in progress in Balochistan .


The Mirani Dam on the Dasht River , west of Turbat in the Makran Division , is being built to provide water to expand agricultural land use by where it would otherwise be unsustainable .


Alexander and his colleagues , all highly critical of the government , plan to use Alex as a symbol of state brutality and thus prevent the incumbent government from being re-elected .


Since 1972 , Balochistan 's gross income has grown in size by 2.7 times .


Outside Quetta , the resource extraction infrastructure of the province is gradually developing but still lags far behind other parts of Pakistan .


The agreements for royalty rights and ownership of mineral rights were reached during a period of unprecedented natural disasters , economic , social , political , and cultural unrest in Pakistan .


Balochistan has much tourist potential , though the province has seen little of it .


Alex inadvertently reveals that he was the ringleader of the home invasion ; he is removed from the cottage and locked in an upper-story bedroom as a relentless barrage of classical music plays over speakers .


However , recently , tourism is growing in Balochistan and fights against terrorists have proved successful .


In common with the other provinces of Pakistan , Balochistan has a parliamentary form of government .


According to the 1998 Census , Balochistan had a total population of 6,565,885 of which most ( 6,484,006 ) were Muslims .


In its investigation of free will , the book 's target is ostensibly the concept of behaviourism , pioneered by such figures as B. F. Skinner .


There was also a Christian minority of 26,462 individuals in the province .


It was originated by the philosopher Jacques Derrida ( 1930 – 2004 ) , who defined the term variously throughout his career .


In its simplest form it can be regarded as a criticism of Platonism and the idea of true forms , or essences , which take precedence over appearances .


By demonstrating the aporias and ellipses of thought , Derrida hoped to show the infinitely subtle ways that this originary complexity , which by definition cannot ever be completely known , works its structuring and destructuring effects .


To induce this conditioning , Alex is forced to watch scenes of violence on a screen that are systematically paired with negative physical stimulation .


Between the late 1960 s and the early 1980 s , many thinkers were influenced by deconstruction , including Paul de Man , Geoffrey Hartman , and J. Hillis Miller .


Jacques Derrida has had a great influence on contemporary political theory and political philosophy .


He further argues that the future of deconstruction faces a perhaps undecidable choice between a theological approach and a technological approach , represented first of all by the work of Bernard Stiegler .


This generalizes the Cartesian product of the underlying sets , together with a suitably defined structure on the product set .


The track " Hier kommt Alex " became one of the band 's signature songs .


The direct product for modules ( not to be confused with the tensor product ) is very similar to the one defined for groups above , using the Cartesian product with the operation of addition being componentwise , and the scalar multiplication just distributing over all the components .


That last one , called Tychonoff 's theorem , is yet another equivalence to the axiom of choice .


On the Cartesian product of two sets with binary relations R and S , define ( " a " , " b " ) T ( " c " , " d " ) as " a " R " c " and " b " S " d " .


In a general category , given a collection of objects " A " " and " a collection of morphisms " p " from " A " to " A " with " i " ranging in some index set " I " , an object " A " is said to be a " categorical product " in the category if , for any object " B " and any collection of morphisms " f " from " B " to " A " , there exists a unique morphism " f " from " B " to " A " such that " f = p f " and this object " A " is unique .


While at Edinburgh , the production received rave reviews from the press while playing to sold-out audiences .


He lost that election to the Whig candidate Morgan Morgans , but ran again the next year and won , garnering his first political position .


Among other legal services he provided , he accepted almost $ 100,000 from the Erie Railroad in return for favors .


They would buy up undeveloped property , then use the resources of the city to improve the area - for instance by installing pipes to bring in water from the Croton Aqueduct - thus increasing the value of the land , after which they sold and took their profits .


In order to preserve the first-person narrative of the book , a pre-recorded video stream of Alex , " your humble narrator " , was projected onto the 40-inch monitor , thereby freeing the onstage character during passages which would have been awkward or impossible to sustain in the breaking of the fourth wall .


A 2012 study in the journal " Consciousness and Cognition " , that used virtual reality technology to study reported " déjà vu " experiences , supported this idea .


His work shows some influence of earlier Stoic grammatical theory , particular on word classes .


He is also reported by Varro to have been an erudite analyst of Greek lyric poetry , perhaps referring to his linguistic and prosodic use of that material .


The earliest catapults date to at least the 4th century BC with the advent of the mangonel in ancient China , a type of traction trebuchet and catapult .


It concerns itself primarily with a morphological description of Greek , lacking any treatment of syntax .


The work was translated into Armenian sometime around the 5th to 6th centuries CE , and into Syriac around that same period .


Following their deaths , he moved to Boston .


After a night of heavy drinking , he was confronted by a street preacher whose message persuaded him to join the Methodist Episcopal Church .


The word ' catapult ' comes from the Latin ' catapulta ' , which in turn comes from the Greek ( " katapeltēs " ) , itself from κατά ( " kata " ) , " downwards " and πάλλω ( " pallō " ) , " to toss , to hurl " .


In one instance , he verbally reprimanded Colonel Daniel Butterfield for using profanity and taking the Lord 's name in vain .


They comprise a group of closely related languages spoken by the Berbers , who are indigenous to North Africa .


Mali and Niger recognise a Tuareg Berber Latin alphabet customised to the Tuareg phonological system .


It was borrowed from Latin " barbari " .


The weapon was soon after employed against Motya ( 397 " BC ) , a key Carthaginian stronghold in Sicily .


This state of affairs has been contested by Berbers in Morocco and Algeria - especially Kabylie - and was addressed in both countries by affording the language official status and introducing it in some schools .


Ethnologue provides a useful academic starting point ; however , its bibliographic references are very inadequate , and it rates its own accuracy at only B-C for the area .


Moroccan linguist Mohamed Chafik claims that 80 percent of Moroccans are Berbers .


The vast majority are concentrated in Morocco and Algeria .


The introduction of crossbows however , can be dated further back : according to the inventor Hero of Alexandria ( fl. 1st century AD ) , who referred to the now lost works of the 3rd - century BC engineer Ctesibius , this weapon was inspired by an earlier foot-held crossbow , called the " gastraphetes " , which could store more energy than the Greek bows .


It is from the Latin " discriminat - " ' distinguished between ' , from the verb " discriminare " , from " discrimen " ' distinction ' , from the verb " discernere " .


The word " discrimination " derives from Latin , where the verb " discrimire " means " to separate , to distinguish , to make a distinction " .


International bodies United Nations Human Rights Council work towards helping ending discrimination around the world .


Age discrimination in hiring has been shown to exist in the United States .


He probably designed his bow-machines on the occasion of the sieges of Cumae and Milet between 421 " BC and 401 " BC .


Dominic Abrams , social psychology professor at the university , concluded that ageism is the most pervasive form of prejudice experienced in the UK population .


According to UNICEF and Human Rights Watch , caste discrimination affects an estimated 250 million people worldwide .


Discrimination based on caste , as perceived by UNICEF , is mainly prevalent in parts of Asia , ( India , Sri Lanka , Bangladesh , China , Pakistan , Nepal , Japan ) , Africa and others .


It has been official government policy in several countries , such as South Africa during the apartheid era .


The later entry is particularly noteworthy as it constitutes the first clear evidence for the switch to torsion catapults , which are more powerful than the more-flexible crossbows and which came to dominate Greek and Roman artillery design thereafter .


Revealing a lesbian sexual orientation ( by means of mentioning an engagement in a rainbow organisation or by mentioning one 's partner name ) lowers employment opportunities in Cyprus and Greece but overall , it has no negative effect in Sweden and Belgium .


This happens in Islamic states , or in two cases regions under Islamic authority .


In August 2009 , Human Rights Watch published an extensive report detailing torture of men accused of being gay in Iraq , including the blocking of men 's anuses with glue and then giving the men laxatives .


Although gay marriage has been legal in South Africa since 2006 , same-sex unions are often condemned as " un-African " .


At the same time , Greek fortifications began to feature high towers with shuttered windows in the top , which could have been used to house anti-personnel arrow shooters , as in Aigosthena .


Economist Yanis Varoufakis ( 2013 ) argues that " discrimination based on utterly arbitrary characteristics evolves quickly and systematically in the experimental laboratory " , and that neither classical game theory nor neoclassical economics can explain this .


Citing earlier psychological work of Matthew Rabin , they hypothesize that a norm of differing entitlements emerges across the two groups , and that this norm could define a " fairness " equilibrium within the disadvantaged group .


Many specialized dienes have been developed to exploit this reactivity for the synthesis of natural products ( e.g. , Danishefsky 's diene ) .


160 – 175 ) is the most prominent early gospel harmony , and was created by Tatian , an Assyrian early Christian apologist and ascetic .


The Roman machine known as an arcuballista was similar to a large crossbow .


However , and in contradistinction to most later gospel harmonists , Tatian appears not to have been motivated by any aspiration to validate the four separate canonical gospel accounts ; or to demonstrate that , as they stood , they could each be shown as being without inconsistency or error .


Tatian 's harmony follows the gospels closely in terms of text but , in order to fit all the canonical material in , he created his own narrative sequence , which is different from both the synoptic sequence and John 's sequence ; and occasionally creates intervening time periods that are found in none of the source accounts .


This sequence is coherent and consistent within itself , but not necessarily consistent with that in all or any of the separate canonical gospels ; and Tatian apparently applies the same principle in respect of the narrative itself .


Most scholars agree that Tatian did , from the beginning , include the longer ending of Mark ( Mark 16 : 9 – 20 ) , and correspondingly is amongst the earliest witnesses to this inclusion .


Later the Romans used ballista catapults on their warships .


The final work is about 72 per cent the length of the four gospels put together ; around a quarter of the text of the separate gospels being adjudged by Tatian to be duplicated .


Bankruptcy is also documented in East Asia .


Bankruptcy fraud is a federal crime in the United States .


In some countries , such as the United Kingdom , bankruptcy is limited to individuals ; other forms of insolvency proceedings ( such as liquidation and administration ) are applied to companies .


Early launched roller coasters used a catapult system powered by a diesel engine or a dropped weight to acquire their momentum , such as Shuttle Loop installations between 1977 - 1978 .


There is no way for a company to emerge from bankruptcy after restructuring , as is the case in the United States with a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing .


Under Swiss law , bankruptcy can be a consequence of insolvency .


In France , company insolvencies rose by more than 4 % , in Austria by more than 10 % , and in Greece by more than 20 % .


Another example is when the United States , with heavy financial backing from its allies ( creditors ) , bankrupted the Soviet Union which led to the latter 's demise .


Even religious union was opposed by the Episcopalian majority in the Church of England , and Independents like Oliver Cromwell , who dominated the New Model Army .


But only the private BCI encoding based on ISO-IR / 169 registration is available for text interchange .


In his spare time , he wrote his first novel , " Star Quest " , which was published in 1968 .


His first hardcover bestseller , which finally promised some financial stability and lifted him out of the midlist hit-and-miss range , was his book " Strangers " .


In 2008 , he was the world 's sixth-most highly paid author , tied with John Grisham , at $ 25 " million annually .


This was used to compensate investors in the Darien scheme , with 58.6 % of the fund allocated to its shareholders and creditors .


For example , this kind of differential equation appears in quantum mechanics while solving the radial component of the Schrödinger 's equation with hypothetical cylindrical infinite potential barrier .


Following Debye ( 1909 ) , the notation , is sometimes used instead of , .


where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant ( 0.5772 ... ) .


Deeper political integration had been a key policy of Queen Anne from the time she acceded to the throne in 1702 .


where , is the Kronecker delta , and is the th zero of .


This orthogonality relation can then be used to extract the coefficients in the Fourier–Bessel series , where a function is expanded in the basis of the functions for fixed and varying .


The hypothesis was proved by Carl Ludwig Siegel in 1929 .


The equation was written in 1961 by Frank Drake , not for purposes of quantifying the number of civilizations , but as a way to stimulate scientific dialogue at the first scientific meeting on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence ( SETI ) .


On 17 April , the Duke was gratefully received by the Queen at Kensington Palace .


Dutch science journalist Govert Schilling has opined that this is optimistic .


They also propose that it is necessary to have a planetary system with large gas giants which provide bombardment protection without a hot Jupiter ; and a planet with plate tectonics , a large moon that creates tidal pools , and moderate axial tilt to generate seasonal variation .


Those who favor a low value , such as the biologist Ernst Mayr , point out that of the billions of species that have existed on Earth , only one has become intelligent and from this , infer a tiny value for .


The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature .


After 4.3 BSD ( 1986 ) , the BSD developers attempted to remove or replace all code originating in the original AT&T Unix from which BSD was derived .


In doing so , they needed to rewrite the Unix database package .


That request led to the creation of Sleepycat Software .


For example , like SQLite , it is not based on a server / client model , and does not provide support for network access programs access the database using in-process API calls .


The islands are self-governing in " free association " with New Zealand .


SAT is the first problem that was proven to be NP-complete ; see Cook–Levin theorem .


A " propositional logic formula " , also called " Boolean expression " , is built from variables , operators AND ( conjunction , also denoted by ∧ ) , OR ( disjunction , ∨ ) , NOT ( negation , ¬ ) , and parentheses .


A clause is called a " Horn clause " if it contains at most one positive literal .


The formula is in conjunctive normal form ; its first and third clauses are Horn clauses , but its second clause is not .


The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints makes up 4.4 % .


In contrast , the CNF formula " a " ∧ ¬ " a " , consisting of two clauses of one literal , is unsatisfiable , since for " a " = TRUE or " a " = FALSE it evaluates to TRUE ∧ ¬ TRUE ( i.e. , FALSE ) or FALSE ∧ ¬ FALSE ( i.e. , again FALSE ) , respectively .


3-SAT is one of Karp 's 21 NP-complete problems , and it is used as a starting point for proving that other problems are also NP-hard .


One-in-three 3-SAT was proved to be NP-complete by Thomas Jerome Schaefer as a special case of Schaefer 's dichotomy theorem , which asserts that any problem generalizing Boolean satisfiability in a certain way is either in the class P or is NP-complete .


This problem is NP-complete , too , even if no negation symbols are admitted , by Schaefer 's dichotomy theorem .


Additionally , the economy is supported by foreign aid , largely from New Zealand .


This is in P , since an XOR-SAT formula can also be viewed as a system of linear equations mod 2 , and can be solved in cubic time by Gaussian elimination ; see the box for an example .


This recast is based on the kinship between Boolean algebras and Boolean rings , and the fact that arithmetic modulo two forms a finite field .


Schaefer 's dichotomy theorem states that , for any restriction to Boolean operators that can be used to form these subformulae , the corresponding satisfiability problem is in P or NP-complete .


The satisfiability problem becomes more difficult if both " for all " ( quantifier ) and " there exists " ( tautology ) co-NP-completes are allowed to bind the Boolean variables .


It is widely believed that PSPACE-complete problems are strictly harder than any problem in NP , although this has not yet been proved .


If the answer is " yes " , then " x " = TRUE , otherwise " x " = FALSE .


Examples of such problems in model checking ( EDA ) include formal verification , pipelined microprocessors , planning of scheduling problems , EDA , and Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland algorithm , and so on .


These " extras " to the basic systematic search have been empirically shown to be essential for handling the large SAT instances that arise in GRASP ( EDA ) .


The legal definition of Cook Islands Māori includes Pukapukan .


An example of such a solver is PPfolio .


Notable examples of such solvers include Plingeling and painless-mcomsps .


Ethnic boundaries in Bohemia were not always sharp , and people very often were bilingual .


Later Aramaic spellings of the name often include an intrusive " resh " ( letter " r " ) , perhaps influenced by the root " dr " , meaning " dwelling " .


Although pupu are found on other islands the collection and use of them in decorative work has become a speciality of Mangaia .


) , was a Semitic sky-god in Canaan / Phoenicia and ancient Palmyra .


This is contrasted with the name of Yemen ( ) , correspondingly meaning " the right-hand side " or " the south " .


The variation ( " ) , of the more typical ( " ) " , is also attested in Old South Arabian , ( ) , with the same semantic development .


From the late 19th century on , a modern administrative and commercial center began to spring up to the west of the old city , around the Barada , centered on the area known as " al-Marjeh " or " the meadow " .


The weaving of rito is a speciality of the northern islands , Manihiki , Rakahanga and Penrhyn .


The flow of the Barada has reduced with the rapid expansion of housing and industry in the city and it is almost dry .


By the start of the first millennium BC , several Aramaic kingdoms were formed , as Aramaeans abandoned their nomadic lifestyle and formed federated tribal states .


The same network was later improved by the Romans and the Umayyads , and still forms the basis of the water system of the old part of the city today .


In 64 BC , the Roman general Pompey annexed the western part of Syria .


Many of these artists have studied at university art schools in New Zealand and continue to enjoy close links with the New Zealand art scene .


Little remains of the architecture of the Romans , but the town planning of the old city did have a lasting effect .


The city wall contained seven gates , but only the eastern gate , Bab Sharqi , remains from the Roman period .


Within the first six months of Abbasid rule , revolts began erupting in the city , albeit too isolated and unfocused to present a viable threat .


It roughly disappeared from written records for the next century and the only significant improvement of the city was the Abbasid-built treasury dome in the Umayyad Mosque in 789 .


The title of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom was vested in the monarch from 1964 to 2011 .


In 1177 Saladin was defeated by the crusaders at the Battle of Montgisard , despite his numerical superiority .


Saladin also besieged Kerak in 1183 , but was forced to withdraw .


He finally launched a full invasion of Jerusalem in 1187 , and annihilated the crusader army at the Battle of Hattin in July .


Acre fell to Saladin soon after , and Jerusalem itself was captured in October .


Common forms of ankle disarticulations include Pyrogoff , Boyd , and Syme amputations .


Local crusader barons set about rebuilding their kingdom from Acre and the other coastal cities .


In 1400 , Timur , the Turco-Mongol conqueror , besieged Damascus .


The Umayyad Mosque was burnt and men and women taken into slavery .


A huge number of the city 's artisans were taken to Timur 's capital at Samarkand .


A variant of the trans-radial amputation is the Krukenberg procedure in which the radius and ulna are used to create a stump capable of a pincer action .


At the suburb of Soufanieh a series of apparitions of the Virgin Mary have reportedly been observed between 1982 and 2004 .


The mausoleum where Saladin was buried is located in the gardens just outside the mosque .


The ancient district of Amara is also within a walking distance from these sites .


Another heavily visited site is Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque , where the tomb of Zaynab bint Ali is located .


The most notable case of this is Aron Ralston , a hiker who amputated his own right forearm after it was pinned by a boulder in a hiking accident and he was unable to free himself for over five days .


Bob Jones Sr. was leery of academic accreditation almost from the founding of the college , and by the early 1930 s , he had publicly stated his opposition to holding regional accreditation .


The university operates Bob Jones Academy , which enrolls students from preschool through 12th grade .


However , even for Herodotus , this maltreatment of envoys is a crime .


He recounts a story of divine vengeance befalling Sparta for this deed .


The word amputation is derived from the Latin " amputare " , " to cut away " , from " ambi - " ( " about " , " around " ) and " putare " ( " to prune " ) .


, was fulfilled during the Pyrrhic War .


On the other hand , during World War II , diplomatic immunity was upheld and the embassies of the belligerents were evacuated through neutral countries .


Though he pleaded guilty in Canadian court , he was given an absolute discharge .


Kibuta , who was driving in the opposing lane , injured a Canadian citizen residing in Islamabad , who suffered multiple fractures and required surgery .


The " Cook Islands " are named after Captain James Cook , who visited the islands in 1773 and 1777 .


Right after the accident , he drove directly into the Lebanese embassy compound and refused to cooperate with the local police investigation , claiming his diplomatic immunity .


He stayed in his post as ambassador until his death due to another traffic collision in Seoul in 2014 .


He owns the cars and a drag racing team , and is a member of Qatar 's ruling family .


In certain cases , whether a payment is or is not considered a tax may be disputed , such as central London 's congestion charge .


In 1901 , the islands were included within the boundaries of the Colony of New Zealand .


" Note : " All above listed are specified by JEDEC as JESD79F .


All RAM data rates in-between or above these listed specifications are not standardized by JEDEC - often they are simply manufacturer optimizations using tighter-tolerance or overvolted chips .


JEDEC 's technical documentation , however , supports 128 M × 4 semiconductors .


MDDR is an acronym that some enterprises use for Mobile DDR SDRAM , a type of memory used in some portable electronic devices , like mobile phones , handhelds , and digital audio players .


The Cook Islands continue to hold important connections with Tahiti , and this is generally found in the two countries ' culture , tradition and language .


He then stopped working for them , because the policies of their licensor , Disney , did not allow for the return of original art for a story to its creators .


Some of the extra chapters were turned down by Egmont , because they were not interested in any more episodes .


So , his only choice was to go on hiatus and try to come to an agreement with Egmont .


The cover for the comic book was a spoof of a famous painting by Akseli Gallen-Kallela .


The remainder of the northern islands were probably settled by expeditions from Samoa .


Some of the cars on the agit-trains were equipped with actors for live performances or printing presses ; Vertov 's had equipment to shoot , develop , edit , and project film .


The cinematography is simple , functional , unelaborate - perhaps a result of Vertov 's disinterest in both " beauty " and the " grandeur of fiction " .


His slow motion , fast motion , and other camera techniques were a way to dissect the image , Mikhail Kaufman stated in an interview .


For example , in " Man with a Movie Camera " , two trains are shown almost melting into each other .


British navigator Captain James Cook arrived in 1773 and 1777 .


The Dziga Vertov Group borrowed his name .


After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars ( 1803 – 1815 ) , Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century .


Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its own colonies , its dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions , such as Asia and Latin America .


During the 19th century , Britain 's population increased at a dramatic rate , accompanied by rapid urbanisation , which caused significant social and economic stresses .


Captain Cook navigated and mapped much of the group .


By the start of the 20th century , Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain 's economic lead .


The conflict placed enormous strain on the military , financial and manpower resources of Britain .


An attempt to establish a colony in Guiana in 1604 lasted only two years , and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits .


The London and Bristol Company was created in 1610 with the aim of creating a permanent settlement on Newfoundland , but was largely unsuccessful .


Rakahanga and Pukapuka also suffered tremendous losses .


The Province of Carolina was founded in 1663 .


In 1681 , the colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn .


For the slave traders , the trade was extremely profitable , and became a major economic mainstay for such western British cities as Bristol , Glasgow and Liverpool , which formed the third corner of the triangular trade with Africa and the Americas .


There , they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other .


In 1990 , the Cook Islands signed a treaty with France which delimited the maritime boundary between the Cook Islands and French Polynesia .


European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century , with numerous trading stations established , especially in the North .


In 1839 , the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand .


Britain was challenged again by France under Napoleon , in a struggle that , unlike previous wars , represented a contest of ideologies between the two nations .


The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones in which Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win .


Prime Minister Jim Marurai described the take-over move as " ill-founded and nonsensical " .


The East India Company had failed to implement any coordinated policy to deal with the famines during its period of rule .


In 1839 , Britain moved to pre-empt this by invading Afghanistan , but the First Anglo-Afghan War was a disaster for Britain .


was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the " Pax Britannica " and was a resounding defeat for Russia .


Britain formally acquired the colony , and its large Afrikaner ( or Boer ) population in 1806 , having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands during the Flanders Campaign .


1991 " - The Cook Islands signed a treaty of friendship and co-operation with France , covering economic development , trade and surveillance of the islands ' EEZ .


The scramble continued into the 1890 s , and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan .


many MPs feared that a partially independent Ireland might pose a security threat to Great Britain or mark the beginning of the break-up of the empire .


A second Home Rule bill was also defeated for similar reasons .


By the turn of the 20th century , fears had begun to grow in Britain that it would no longer be able to defend the metropole and the entirety of the empire while at the same time maintaining the policy of " splendid isolation " .


New Prime Minister Geoffrey Henry was fiercely critical of the decision and dispatched a " vaka " ( traditional voyaging canoe ) with a crew of Cook Islands ' traditional warriors to protest near the test site .


Over 2.5 " million men served in the armies of the Dominions , as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies .


The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day .


Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light .


Britain gained control of Palestine , Transjordan , Iraq , parts of Cameroon and Togoland , and Tanganyika .


This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Cook Islands , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population .


In return , Egypt was assisted in joining the League of Nations .


Newfoundland reverted to colonial status in 1933 , suffering from financial difficulties during the Great Depression .


The realisation that Britain could not defend its entire empire pushed Australia and New Zealand , which now appeared threatened by Japanese forces , into closer ties with the United States .


A census is carried out every five years in the Cook Islands .


The situation was complicated further by the increasing Cold War rivalry of the United States and the Soviet Union .


The pro-decolonisation Labour government , elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee , moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire : Indian independence .


When the urgency of the situation and risk of civil war became apparent , the newly appointed ( and last ) Viceroy , Lord Mountbatten , hastily brought forward the date to 15 August 1947 .


Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956 .


The " politics of the Cook Islands " , an associated state , takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy within a constitutional monarchy .


British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process .


Jamaica attained independence in 1962 , as did Trinidad and Tobago .


A dispute with Guatemala over claims to Belize was left unresolved .


Fiji , Papua New Guinea , Solomon Islands and Tuvalu became Commonwealth realms .


The Queen of New Zealand , represented in the Cook Islands by the Queen 's Representative , is the Head of State ; the prime minister is the head of government and of a multi-party system .


Individual and team sports developed in Britain - particularly golf , football , cricket , rugby , netball , lawn bowls , hockey and lawn tennis - were also exported .


Tensions remain between the white settler populations of these countries and their indigenous minorities , and between white settler minorities and indigenous majorities in South Africa and Zimbabwe .


Settlers in Ireland from Great Britain have left their mark in the form of divided nationalist and unionist communities in Northern Ireland .


Because of the extensive experience of the Delaware courts , Delaware has a more well-developed body of case law than other states , which serves to give corporations and their counsel greater guidance on matters of corporate governance and transaction liability issues .


New Zealand retains some responsibility for external affairs , in consultation with the Cook Islands .


Many U.S. states have usury laws limiting the amount of interest a lender can charge .


Delaware ( amongst others ) has relatively relaxed interest laws , so several national banks have decided to locate their principal office in Delaware .


National banks are , however , corporations formed under federal law , not Delaware law .


A corporation formed under Delaware state law benefits from the relaxed interest rules to the extent it conducts business in Delaware , but is subject to restrictions of other states ' laws if it conducts business in other states .


In recent years , the Cook Islands have taken on more of its own external affairs ; as of 2005 , it has diplomatic relations in its own name with eighteen other countries .


While most states require a for-profit corporation to have at least one director and two officers , Delaware laws do not have this restriction .


The forced sale of TransPerfect is the first time a company that did not meet the criteria for receivership and mandated sale under Delaware law was being forced to dissolve , to award one board member who wanted to exit with a control premium .


The only concern for the Delaware court is to make sure that a company is run well and not being harmed .


Delaware charges no income tax on corporations not operating within the state , so taking advantage of Delaware 's other benefits does not result in taxation .


He was succeeded by his co-partisan Robert Woonton .


However , in general , the state is viewed as a positive location for corporate tax purposes because favorable laws of incorporation allow companies to minimize corporate expenditures ( achieved through legal standardization of corporate legal processes ) , creating a nucleus in Delaware with operating companies often in other states .


In addition , Delaware has used its position as the state of incorporation to generate revenue from its abandoned and unclaimed property laws .


Franchise taxes in Delaware are actually far higher than in most other states which typically charge little or nothing beyond corporate income taxes on the portion of the corporation 's business done in that state .


Delaware 's franchise taxes supply about one-fifth of its state revenue .


He would later become a Cabinet Minister ( 1978 ) and High Commissioner for the Cook Islands ( 1985 ) .


which is how the river earned its name from early French settlers .


It begins with an east-to-west flow from Lake St. Clair , but curves and runs north to south .


Both of these are strongly protected by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Canada Border Services Agency .


A DMC DeLorean has also been recovered from the river .


The first known description of an anemometer was given by Leon Battista Alberti in 1450 .


The last was found in 2011 near the Cobo Center .


Another seven , larger cannons may have fallen off a barge closer to Amherstburg , Ontario , and may yet be found in the river .


In this early period , opponents believed that such efforts would adversely affect Detroit 's industry and economy .


Tour boats and dinner cruises travel through the sights of Detroit and the undeveloped islands downriver .


The voltage output from these anemometers is thus the result of some sort of circuit within the device trying to maintain the specific variable ( current , voltage or temperature ) constant , following Ohm 's law .


Richard Maibaum was approached to write a script with Guy Hamilton to direct , but the two turned down the offer .


Columbia Pictures and United Artists were among those to turn down the film .


The four felt it was best to pattern the film 's development after that of " Superman " ( 1978 ) .


DC Comics allowed screenwriter Sam Hamm to write his own comic book miniseries .


When the particles are in great motion , they produce a Doppler shift for measuring wind speed in the laser light , which is used to calculate the speed of the particles , and therefore the air around the anemometer .


It remained on the " New York Times " Best Seller list throughout June 1989 .


The film also set a record for a second weekend gross with $ 30 million ( also the second biggest 3-day weekend of all-time ) The film closed on December 14 , 1989 , with a final gross $ 251.2 million in North America and $ 160.15 million internationally , totaling $ 411.35 million .


claimed it ended up losing $ 35.8 million and " not likely to ever show a profit , " which has been attributed to a case of Hollywood accounting .


Metacritic gives an aggregated score of 69 out of 100 , based on 21 critics , indicating " generally favorable reviews " .


An international standard for this process , ISO 16622 " Meteorology - Ultrasonic anemometers / thermometers - Acceptance test methods for mean wind measurements " is in general circulation .


After Batman dislodges it with bat-shark repellent , the shark explodes .


Batman and Robin learn that the yacht was really a holographic projection and return via Batboat to a buoy concealing a projector , where they are trapped on the buoy by a magnet and targeted by torpedoes .


Batman is met with frustration rushing all over the docks in hopes of locating a safe place to dispose of the bomb but does so in the nick of time .


Robin asks him whether it might be in the world 's best interests for them to alter the dust samples , so that humans can no longer harm one another .


The " economy of the Cook Islands " is based mainly on tourism , with minor exports made up of tropical and citrus fruit .


Batman quietly expresses his sincere hope to Robin that this " mixing of minds " does more good than it does harm .


In his autobiography , Adam West writes of his asking for more money to do the film and that the producers countered with the fact that another actor would be hired .


Jack LaLanne has a cameo as a man on a rooftop with bikini-clad women .


While the Batcopter and Batboat from the movie appeared briefly in episodes ( including a use of the Batboat in the conclusion of the first post-film two-parter : " Walk the Straight and Narrow " ) , they primarily did so in the form of stock-footage scenes from the film intercut into the series .


Trade deficits are made up for by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid , overwhelmingly from New Zealand .


" Dagome iudex " is one of the earliest historical documents relating to Poland .


Therefore , nowaday 's term Lusatian Mountains does not totally fit with the history of settlement .


Princes of Slavic tribes were sometimes referred to as " iudices " .


Some historians argue that it is a corruption of " Gniezno " , then Poland 's capital .


The Cook Islands has " Home Rule " with respect to banking , similar to Guernsey , Jersey and the Isle of Man .


In 1993 , a public square and park located in central Castries , Saint Lucia , was named Derek Walcott Square .


developed a script with Sam Hamm which had the Penguin and Catwoman going after hidden treasure .


Wesley Strick was later chosen to do an uncredited rewrite shortly before filming .


This included normalizing dialogue , fleshing out the Penguin 's motivations and master plan , and removing scenes due to budget concerns .


Cook automated teller machines often fail to fully disclose the fact that the Cooks are not part of the New Zealand banking system , thus legally requiring banks to charge the same fees for withdrawing or transferring money as if the person was in Australia or the EU .


Batman foils the kidnappings and heads for the Penguin 's lair .


Batman arrives and confronts the Penguin .


Tim Burton originally did not want to direct another film in the franchise .


Meanwhile , Sam Hamm from the previous film delivered the first two drafts of the script , while Bob Kane was brought back as a creative consultant .


The banking and incorporation laws of the Cook Islands make it an important centre for setting up companies that are involved in global trade .


This made it very cold for Michelle Pfeiffer , who was most of the time clad only in a thin latex catsuit .


The initial concept for the design came from Tim Burton , who envisioned a stuffed cat with its stitches coming apart at the seams .


The Batsuit was updated , which was made out of a thinner , slightly more flexible foam rubber material than the suit from " Batman " , and the logo was changed to better reflect how it looked in the comics .


On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 80 % based on 83 reviews , with an average rating of 6.73 / 10 .


For international communication , they rely on the satellite earth station Intelsat .


The film ended up becoming the critically panned " Catwoman " ( 2004 ) , starring Halle Berry .


The system was deployed extensively in the North Sea and was used by helicopters operating to oil platforms .


The opening of the more accurate Loran-C system to civilian use in 1974 offered stiff competition , but Decca was well established by this time and continued operations into the 1990 s .


A significant amount of income from the Decca system was due to the receivers being leased to users , not sold outright .


There are six radio stations in the Cook Islands , with one reaching all islands .


A third station in Bermuda would provide general ranging information to measure progress along the main track .


It was used for specialised applications such as precision measurements involved with oil-drilling and by the Royal Navy for detailed mapping and surveying of coasts and harbours .


The ' low frequency ' signalling of the Decca system also permitted its use on submarines .


One ' enhancement ' of the Decca system was to offer the potential of keying the signal , using Morse code , to signal the onset of nuclear war .


Although the initial launch consisted of 4 satellites , as many as 20 may be launched eventually to serve various areas with little or no optical fibre service , the first of which is the Cook Islands .


It is also the lowest-grossing live-action " Batman " film to date .


One of the songs recorded for the film , " The End Is the Beginning Is the End " by The Smashing Pumpkins , won a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards .


Eric Benét and Meshell Ndegeocello also contributed R&B songs .


Other songs featured included electronic dance elements , including those by Moloko and Arkarna .


The cable has landing points at Rarotonga and Aitutaki .


However , writer Akiva Goldsman turned down an offer to write the script .


It was hoped that the villains from previous films would make cameo appearances in the hallucinations caused by Scarecrow , culminating with Jack Nicholson reprising the role of the Joker .


Mark Hamill was going to get the role , but had to turn it down due to contract issues .


While all four previous " Batman " films were given special-edition DVD releases on the same day as the " Batman Begins " DVD release , none of them were given extended cuts , although some of the following scenes were in a deleted scenes section in the special features .


This article lists " transport in the Cook Islands " .


The film earned more money than its predecessor " Batman Returns " , and is the highest grossing film from 1995 .


On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 39 % based on 64 reviews , with an average rating of 5.2 / 10 .


On Metacritic , the film has a score of 51 out of 100 , based on 23 critics , indicating " mixed or average reviews " .


The constituents were upset with his support of President Donald Trump .


The Cook Islands uses left-handed traffic .


He had been a staunch supporter of President Donald Trump .


He spoke against the policy of cannabis prohibition as early as May 2013 , calling it a " colossal failure " in an op-ed penned for the " Orange County Register " .


Examples of this include Batman underestimating his opponents , getting shot by police , and his costume being too big .


A SWAT team led by a trigger-happy commander , Sgt .


In 2011 , the Cook Islands had the second-highest per-capita road deaths in the world .


Two sequels , titled " Batman : Year Two " and " Batman : Year Three " , were released in 1987 and 1989 .


Joss Whedon and Joel Schumacher both pitched their own takes .


It was produced by Bruce Timm , co-directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu .


He was succeeded by Jack Ruina who served until 1963 .


In March 2020 the Cook Islands parliament again legislated for compulsory helmets to be worn from June 26 , but implementation was delayed until July 31 , and then until September 30 .


According to Carol Giambalvo , " exit cousellors are usually former cult members themselves " .


He was hired by her husband to return her to him and the Amish church .


Over the years , however , Metropolis has come to serve as an analogue to New York City .


In " Final Crisis " # 7 , it is shown functioning once again .


The Cook Islands has no effective rail transport .


However , many of the hybrid VoIP PBXs available from manufacturers worldwide provide on-board DPNSS trunk cards .


It is now obsolete , having been replaced by DASS2 .


" Nagari " comes from नगरम् ( " nagaram " ) , which means abode or city .


The islands were colonised from Tahiti , and in turn colonised New Zealand in ocean-going waka .


and an inscribed brick found in Uttar Pradesh , dated to be from 1217 " CE , which is now held at the British Museum .


Nagari has been the " primus inter pares " of the Indic scripts .


It has long been used traditionally by religiously educated people in South Asia to record and transmit information , existing throughout the land in parallel with a wide variety of local scripts ( such as Modi , Kaithi , and Mahajani ) used for administration , commerce , and other daily uses .


Sharada remained in parallel use in Kashmir .


There is one international airport , Rarotonga International Airport .


Some of the old-Devanagari inscriptions are found in Hindu temples of Java , such as the Prambanan temple .


The pitch accent of Vedic Sanskrit is written with various symbols depending on shakha .


In the Rigveda , " anudātta " is written with a bar below the line ( ) , " svarita " with a stroke above the line ( ) while " udātta " is unmarked .


It does not contain all the diacritic marks that IAST contains .


Older potential avialans have since been identified , including " Anchiornis " , " Xiaotingia " , and " Aurornis " .


Transliteration tables are based on languages , so there is a table for Hindi , one for Sanskrit and Prakrit , etc .


The site on the left bank of the Nive and the Adour was probably occupied before ancient times ; a fortified enclosure was attested in the 1st century at the time when the Tarbelli occupied the territory .


At that time the first bridge was built over the Adour .


In the 17th century the city was fortified by Vauban , whose works were followed as models of defense for 100 years .


The latitude was similar to Florida , though the climate was likely to have been drier , as evidenced by fossils of plants with adaptations for arid conditions and a lack of terrestrial sediments characteristic of rivers .


The commune was part of the Basque province of Labourd .


The city has developed at the confluence of the Adour and Nive from the ocean .


The meeting point of the two rivers coincides with a narrowing of the Adour valley .


Evidence of plants , although scarce , include cycads and conifers while animals found include a large number of insects , small lizards , pterosaurs , and " Compsognathus " .


The drainage network of the western Pre-Pyrenees evolved mostly from the Quaternary , from south-east to northwest , oriented east–west .


The city developed along the river Adour .


The commune is traversed by the " Vélodyssée " .


Bicycle paths are located along the left bank of the Adour , a large part of the left bank of the Nive , and along various axes of the city where there are some bicycle lanes .


It is the largest specimen known and may belong to a separate genus and species , " Wellnhoferia grandis " .


At the time the mound was surrounded north and west by the Adour swamps .


Despite this , the narrowing of the Adour valley allows easier crossing than anywhere else along the entire length of the estuary .


In 1130 the King of Aragon Alfonso the Battler besieged the city without success .


At the beginning of the 16th century Labourd suffered the emergence of the plague .


Palaeontologists of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich studied the specimen , which revealed previously unknown features of the plumage , such as feathers on both the upper and lower legs and metatarsus , and the only preserved tail tip .


For 65 years the autonomous commune was part of the department of Landes .


The city built three light railway lines to connect to Biarritz at the beginning of the 20th century .


An annual summer festival has been held in the commune since 1932 for five days organized around parades , bulls races , fireworks , and music in the Basque and Gascon tradition .


Monseigneur Marc Aillet has been the bishop of this diocese since 15 October 2008 .


It is from the Painten Formation and somewhat older than the other specimens .


The houses lining the Nive are examples of Basque architecture , with half-timbering and shutters in the national colours of red and green .


There are other details and sculptures of note , although much was destroyed in the Revolution .


It now has special exhibitions on Basque agriculture , seafaring and " pelota " , handicrafts and Basque history and way of life .


As interpreted today , the name " A. lithographica " only referred to the single feather described by Meyer .


The distillery of the famous local liqueur Izarra is located on the northern bank of the Adour and is open to visitors .


A " high commission " is an embassy of a Commonwealth country located in another Commonwealth country .


Some countries have more particular naming for their missions and staff : a Vatican mission is headed by a nuncio ( Latin for " envoy " ) and consequently known as an " apostolic nunciature " .


Under the rule of Muammar Gaddafi , Libya 's missions used the name " people 's bureau " , headed by a secretary .


Archaeopteryx " was found to form a grade at the base of Avialae with " Xiaotingia " , " Anchiornis " , and " Aurornis " .


The setting displays strong influences from the movies " Blade Runner " and " Streets of Fire " .


The opening sequence of episode 1 is modeled on the opening sequence of " Streets of Fire " .


The humanoid robots known as " boomers " in the series also resemble Terminators cyborgs from the " Terminator " film .


It was clear a third generation would completely outperform the VAX in all ways , not just on cost .


Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century , Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century , and became the leading centre for finance and trade .


The new design used most of the basic PRISM concepts , but was re-tuned to allow VMS and VMS programs to run at reasonable speed with no conversion at all .


The decision was also made to upgrade the design to a full 64-bit implementation from PRISM 's 32-bit , a conversion all of the major RISC vendors were undertaking .


Lastly , registers for PALcode were defined .


Although the unused bits were not implemented in hardware such as TLBs , the architecture required implementations to check whether they are zero to ensure software compatibility with implementations with a larger ( or full ) virtual address space .


Sloten , annexed in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam ; is the oldest part of the city , dating to the 9th century .


The bitwise logical instructions perform AND , NAND , NOR , OR , XNOR , and XOR between two registers or a register and literal .


They were first implemented on the Alpha 21264A ( EV67 ) .


The 21164 and 21264 processors were used by NetApp in various network-attached storage systems , while the 21064 and 21164 processors were used by Cray in their T3D and T3E massively parallel supercomputers .


At least since pre-dynastic Egypt , ( c .


Iberian infantrymen carried several types of iron daggers , most of them based on shortened versions of double-edged swords , but the true Iberian dagger had a triangular-shaped blade .


The earliest known depiction of a cross-hilt dagger is the so-called " Guido relief " inside the Grossmünster of Zürich ( c .


A number of depictions of the fully developed cross-hilt dagger are found in the Morgan Bible ( c .


Amsterdam was granted city rights in either 1300 or 1306 .


Daggers may be associated with deception , stealth , and / or treachery due to the ease of concealment and surprise that someone could inflict with one on an unsuspecting victim , and indeed many assassinations have been carried out with the use of a dagger , including that of Julius Caesar .


On March 15 , 44BC , Gaius Julius Caesar was assassinated by a large group of conspirators who stabbed him repeatedly with their daggers .


One of the most famous examples is knifemaker Buster Warenski 's replication of the gold dagger found in Tutankhamun 's tomb .


The government was accused of " deftly manipulat ( ing ) Arab solidarity " to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing .


In 1345 , an alleged Eucharistic miracle in the Kalverstraat rendered the city an important place of pilgrimage until the adoption of the Protestant faith .


Most of these captives were of Nilotic extraction , and were either purchased by the Tuareg nobles from slave markets in the Western Sudan or taken during raids .


Their origin is denoted via the Ahaggar Berber word " Ibenheren " ( sing .


Similarly , the Sahrawi indigenous peoples of the Western Sahara observed a class system consisting of high castes and low castes .


In South Africa , the period of colonization resulted in many unions and marriages between European men and Bantu and Khoisan women from various tribes , resulting in mixed-race children .


Amsterdam 's merchants had the largest share in both the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company .


Most speak Afrikaans or English as a first language , as opposed to Bantu languages such as Zulu or Xhosa .


This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas .


Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st - century Arab societies : The traders shipped more female slaves than males , as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries .


The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners ' families under the patrilineal kinship system .


These companies acquired overseas possessions that later became Dutch colonies .


Other black slaves were transported to Crete , from where they or their descendants later reached the İzmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923 , or indirectly from Ayvalık in pursuit of work .


In the Makran strip of the Sindh and Balochistan provinces in southwestern Pakistan , these Bantu descendants are known as the Makrani .


While census collection of ethnic background is illegal in France , it is estimated that there are about 2.5 " – 5 million black people residing there .


Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people .


Amsterdam was Europe 's most important point for the shipment of goods and was the leading Financial centre of the western world .


As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity , it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived .


For instance , the term is used in the Melanesian Spearhead Group , which seeks to promote economic growth among Melanesian countries .


Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th and 19th centuries before the American Civil War .


For instance , President Thomas Jefferson held persons who were legally white ( less than 25 % black ) according to Virginia law at the time , but , because they were born to slave mothers , they were born into slavery , according to the principle of " partus sequitur ventrem " , which Virginia adopted into law in 1662 .


In 1602 , the Amsterdam office of the international trading Dutch East India Company became the world 's first stock exchange by trading in its own shares .


Racism against them and dark skin generally in Mexico and most of Latin America is prevalent .


Spanish conquistadors shipped slaves from West Africa to Puerto Rico .


The concept of race in Brazil is complex .


In Brazil , people are classified by appearance , not heredity .


Amsterdam 's prosperity declined during the 18th and early 19th centuries .


The popular claim is that in Brazil , poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks are considered white .


From the years 1500 to 1850 , an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West / Central Africa to Brazil .


The territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas .


Brazil has the largest population of Afro-ancestry outside Africa .


The Amsterdam–Rhine Canal was dug to give Amsterdam a direct connection to the Rhine , and the North Sea Canal was dug to give the port a shorter connection to the North Sea .


However , statisticians estimate that in 1835 , roughly 50 % of the population was " preto " ( black ; most were enslaved ) , a further 20 % was " pardo " ( brown ) , and 25 % white , with the remainder Amerindian .


Because of the acceptance of miscegenation , Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white .


The philosophy of the racial democracy in Brazil has drawn some criticism , based on economic issues .


Brazil has one of the largest gaps in income distribution in the world .


Both projects dramatically improved commerce with the rest of Europe and the world .


New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970 s .


New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 .