Kant 's goal in his critical philosophy was to identify what claims are and are not justified , and the antinomies are a particularly illustrative example of his larger project .


In 2015 , a set of commemorative Euro coin was issued on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the adoption of the emblem by the European Communities .


The flag was used widely in a 2007 pro-EU march in Minsk .


Similar uses were reported from Moldova .


The original logo of the European Broadcasting Union used the twelve stars on a blue background adding ray beams to connect the countries .


Kant is not the only philosopher to employ the term , however .


It is also defaced with the initials of the former Western European Union in two languages .


The European Parliament used its own flag from 1973 , but never formally adopted it .


The flag of the Brussels-Capital Region ( introduced in 2016 ) consists of a yellow iris with a white outline upon a blue background .


Contains the Palaeoproterozoic , Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic eras .


These conditions played an important role in the development of the structure theory of commutative rings in the works of David Hilbert , Emmy Noether , and Emil Artin .


Stoic philosophers , particularly Epictetus , believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructive emotions , which has influenced the way modern cognitive-behavioral therapists identify cognitive distortions that contribute to depression and anxiety .


A key philosophical figure who also influenced the development of CBT was John Stuart Mill .


Groundbreaking work of behaviorism began with John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner 's studies of conditioning in 1920 .


Behaviorally-centered therapeutic approaches appeared as early as 1924 with Mary Cover Jones ' work dedicated to the unlearning of fears in children .


They immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924 .


One of the first therapists to address cognition in psychotherapy was Alfred Adler with his notion of basic mistakes and how they contributed to creation of unhealthy or useless behavioral and life goals .


Around the same time that rational emotive therapy , as it was known then , was being developed , Aaron T. Beck was conducting free association sessions in his psychoanalytic practice .


One etiological theory of depression is Aaron T. Beck 's cognitive theory of depression .


Research has identified Internet addiction as a new clinical disorder that causes relational , occupational , and social problems .


Through their song-settings , the poems became closely associated with that era , and with Shropshire itself .


In this context , it is important not to confuse CBT with ' computer-based training ' , which nowadays is more commonly referred to as e-Learning .


SCBT also builds on core CBT philosophy by incorporating other well-known modalities in the fields of behavioral health and psychology : most notably , Albert Ellis 's rational emotive behavior therapy .


The NICE also recommends offering CBT to people suffering from schizophrenia , as well as those at risk of suffering from a psychotic episode .


An example of this is in Cantonese , where the nasal sonorant consonants and can stand alone as their own syllable .


Two of his siblings became prominent writers , sister Clemence Housman and brother Laurence Housman .


They are still pronounced differently in today 's Cantonese ; in Jyutping they are " sap9 " , " sat9 " , " sik7 " , " sek9 " , " si4 " , " sik9 " .


In some cases , monosyllabic words have become disyllabic without compounding , as in " kūlong " from " kǒng " 孔 ; this is especially common in Jin .


The " Hanyu Da Zidian " , a compendium of Chinese characters , includes 54,678 head entries for characters , including bone oracle versions .


The " Zhonghua Zihai " ( 1994 ) contains 85,568 head entries for character definitions , and is the largest reference work based purely on character and its literary variants .


He also edited works by Juvenal ( 1905 ) and Lucan ( 1926 ) .


The 1999 revised " Cihai " , a multi-volume encyclopedic dictionary reference work , gives 122,836 vocabulary entry definitions under 19,485 Chinese characters , including proper names , phrases and common zoological , geographical , sociological , scientific and technical terms .


Buddhist terminology is generally derived from Sanskrit or Pāli , the liturgical languages of North India .


This is often done for commercial purposes , for example / " bēnténg " ( lit. " dashing-leaping " ) for Pentium and / " Sàibǎiwèi " ( lit. " better-than hundred tastes " ) for Subway restaurants .


This is done by employing Chinese characters with similar pronunciations .


His younger colleague A. S. F. Gow quoted examples of these attacks , noting that they " were often savage in the extreme " .


On the other hand , the functions , , and are not holomorphic anywhere on the complex plane , as can be shown by their failure to satisfy the Cauchy–Riemann conditions ( see below ) .


An important property of holomorphic functions is the relationship between the partial derivatives of their real and imaginary components , known as the Cauchy–Riemann conditions .


However , the Cauchy–Riemann conditions do not characterize holomorphic functions , without additional continuity conditions ( see Looman–Menchoff theorem ) .


For instance , Picard 's theorem asserts that the range of an entire function can only take three possible forms : , , or for some .


But he struck A. C. Benson , a fellow don , as being " descended from a long line of maiden aunts " .


Laurent series are the complex-valued equivalent to Taylor series , but can be used to study the behavior of functions near singularities through infinite sums of more well understood functions , such as polynomials .


A bounded function that is holomorphic in the entire complex plane must be constant ; this is Liouville 's theorem .


This allows the extension of the definition of functions , such as the Riemann zeta function , which are initially defined in terms of infinite sums that converge only on limited domains to almost the entire complex plane .


The Riemann mapping theorem about the conformal relationship of certain domains in the complex plane , which may be the most important result in the one-dimensional theory , fails dramatically in higher dimensions .


Between 1909 and 1911 George Butterworth produced settings in two collections , " Six Songs from A Shropshire Lad " and " Bredon Hill and Other Songs " .


He is remembered for his support for Catholic emancipation , the impeachment of Warren Hastings from the East India Company , and his staunch opposition to the French Revolution .


He remained in correspondence with his schoolmate from there , Mary Leadbeater , the daughter of the school 's owner , throughout his life .


a Catholic physician who had provided him with medical treatment at Bath .


Although the estate included saleable assets such as art works by Titian , " Gregories " proved a heavy financial burden in the following decades and Burke was never able to repay its purchase price in full .


Blue plaques followed later elsewhere , the first being on Byron Cottage in Highgate in 1969 , recording the fact that " A Shropshire Lad " was written there .


This circle also included David Garrick , Oliver Goldsmith and Joshua Reynolds .


The third Secretary of State and the Board of Trade were abolished and pensions were limited and regulated .


Edward Gibbon reacted differently : " I adore his chivalry " .


He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books , " Inside the Third Reich " and " Spandau : The Secret Diaries " .


The rise in radical right-wing parties since the 2000 s is strongly linked to a rise in Euroscepticism .


Herman Van Rompuy , the President of the European Council , agreed following the election to re-evaluate the economic area 's agenda and to launch consultations on future policy areas with the 28 member states .


In 2011 the party openly supported leaving the eurozone , and in 2012 it announced that it supported a full withdrawal from the European Union .


According to Eurostat , in the fall of 2018 , 44 % of Belgium people stated that they did not trust the European Union .


At the end of 1933 , he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building .


For this party , European Union must be led by a president elected by universal suffrage with clear but limited competences .


And one hard eurosceptic party , far-right Freedom and Direct Democracy ( SPD ) ( 11 % ) .


The People 's Movement against the EU only takes part in European Parliament elections and has one member in the European Parliament .


The soft Eurosceptic June Movement , originally a split-off from the People 's Movement against the EU , existed from 1992 to 2009 .


It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl 's propaganda film " Triumph of the Will " .


It has been elected into the German Parliament with 94 seats in September 2017 .


The Alternative for Germany went on to take seats in three state legislatures in the Autumn of 2014 .


The left-wing Irish republican party Sinn Féin expresses soft Eurosceptic positions on the current structure of the European Union and the direction in which it is moving .


It argues that the European Union is institutionally capitalist and neoliberal .


At the southern end of the avenue , a great triumphal arch , almost high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening , was planned .


Subsequently , Poland got an opt-out from this charter .


Since then , Spain has been one of the most Europeanist countries .


On the one hand , democracy has just been established in Spain after Francisco Franco dictatorship .


On the other hand , the main objectives of Spain were to achieve economic development , and also a social modernization .


The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement , and later the abandonment , of these plans .


Around 75 % of the Riksdag members represent parties that officially supports the Sweden membership .


As of November 2014 both parties are represented in Moldovan Parliament , with 45 MPs out of a total of 101 MPs .


It has subsequently declared its aspirations towards Russia .


Eurosceptic political parties include the Swiss People 's Party , which is the largest political party in Switzerland , with 29.4 % of the popular vote as of the 2015 federal election .


Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Voßstraße .


1600 – 1046 BC ) , during the king Wu Ding 's reign , who was mentioned as the twenty-first Shang king by the same .


Ancient historical texts such as the " Book of Documents " ( early chapters , 11th century BC ) , the " Records of the Grand Historian " ( c .


100 BC ) and the " Bamboo Annals " ( 296 BC ) mention and describe a Xia dynasty ( c .


Much of traditional Chinese culture , literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times .


This " miracle " was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by , among other factors , the first sustained Allied bombing .


Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism , Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China ; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang and Tibet , as at present .


Recent study shows that the stone tools found at Xiaochangliang site are magnetostratigraphically dated to 1.36 million years ago .


At Damaidi in Ningxia , 3,172 cliff carvings dating to 6000 – 5000 BC have been discovered , " featuring 8,453 individual characters such as the sun , moon , stars , gods and scenes of hunting or grazing " .


Chinese proto-writing existed in Jiahu around 7000 BC , Dadiwan from 5800 BC to 5400 BC , Damaidi around 6000 BC and Banpo dating from the 5th millennium BC .


He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps , allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out .


Chinese archaeologists have identified the Sanxingdui culture to be part of the ancient kingdom of Shu , linking the artifacts found at the site to its early legendary kings .


A bronze tomahawk with a blade of meteoric iron excavated near the city of Gaocheng in Shijiazhuang ( now Hebei province ) has been dated to the 14th century BC .


1600 BC ) is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as Sima Qian 's " Records of the Grand Historian " and " Bamboo Annals " .


Early markings from this period found on pottery and shells are thought to be ancestral to modern Chinese characters .


This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz , increasing the total human capacity to 132,000 .


Archaeological findings providing evidence for the existence of the Shang dynasty , c .


The second set , from the later Shang or Yin ( 殷 ) period , is at Anyang , in modern-day Henan , which has been confirmed as the last of the Shang 's nine capitals ( c .


The final ( and most important ) move was to Yin in around 1300 BC which led to the dynasty 's golden age .


Although written records found at Anyang confirm the existence of the Shang dynasty , Western scholars are often hesitant to associate settlements that are contemporaneous with the Anyang settlement with the Shang dynasty .


He coveted control of the production of armaments for the " Luftwaffe " and " Kriegsmarine " as well .


The leading hypothesis is that Anyang , ruled by the same Shang in the official history , coexisted and traded with numerous other culturally diverse settlements in the area that is now referred to as China proper .


By the end of the 2nd millennium BC , the Zhou dynasty began to emerge in the Yellow River valley , overrunning the territory of the Shang .


The Zhou appeared to have begun their rule under a semi-feudal system .


In this period , local military leaders used by the Zhou began to assert their power and vie for hegemony .


By July 1943 , he had gained control of armaments production for the " Luftwaffe " and " Kriegsmarine " .


This marks the second major phase of the Zhou dynasty : the Eastern Zhou .


In each of the hundreds of states that eventually arose , local strongmen held most of the political power and continued their subservience to the Zhou kings in name only .


Many famous individuals such as Laozi , Confucius and Sun Tzu lived during this chaotic period .


Though there remained a nominal Zhou king until 256 BC , he was largely a figurehead and held little real power .


He had become one of the most powerful people in Nazi Germany .


His unification of the other six powers , and further annexations in the modern regions of Zhejiang , Fujian , Guangdong and Guangxi in 214 BC , enabled him to proclaim himself the First Emperor ( Qin Shi Huang ) .


The doctrine of Legalism that guided the Qin emphasized strict adherence to a legal code and the absolute power of the emperor .


This would be the impetus behind the later Han synthesis incorporating the more moderate schools of political governance .


After a military campaign led by General Meng Tian , the region was conquered in 215 BC and agriculture was established ; the peasants , however , were discontented and later revolted .


The growth , however , consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft .


Indeed , this was true of the dynasty 's borders in multiple directions ; modern Inner Mongolia , Xinjiang , Tibet , Manchuria , and regions to the southeast were foreign to the Qin , and even areas over which they had military control were culturally distinct .


After the initial laissez-faire policies of Emperors Wen and Jing , the ambitious Emperor Wu brought the empire to its zenith .


To consolidate his power , Confucianism , which emphasizes stability and order in a well-structured society , was given exclusive patronage to be the guiding philosophical thoughts and moral principles of the empire .


The Han annexed Minyue in 135 BC and 111 BC , Nanyue in 111 BC , and Dian in 109 BC .


Prisoners worked for Junkers , Messerschmitt , Henschel and BMW , among others .


Various consort clans exerted increasing control over strings of incompetent emperors and eventually the dynasty was briefly interrupted by the usurpation of Wang Mang .


This was compounded by mass flooding of the Yellow River ; silt buildup caused it to split into two channels and displaced large numbers of farmers .


The Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in AD 184 , ushering in an era of warlords .


In the ensuing turmoil , three states tried to gain predominance in the period of the Three Kingdoms .


The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemünde along with the V-1 flying bomb .


These non-Han peoples were ancestors of the Turks , Mongols , and Tibetans .


During this period most Xianbei people adopted Han surnames , eventually leading to complete assimilation into the Han .


Buddhism took root as a prominent religion and was supported officially .


However , the massive invasions of the Korean Peninsula during the Goguryeo–Sui War failed disastrously , triggering widespread revolts that led to the fall of the dynasty .


He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on July 20 , 1944 .


Chang'an ( modern Xi'an ) , the national capital , was the largest city in the world during its time .


Under the Tang " equal-field system " all land was owned by the Emperor and granted to people according to household size .


Men granted land were conscripted for military service for a fixed period each year , a military policy known as the " Fubing system " .


At the zenith of prosperity of the empire , the An Lushan Rebellion from 755 to 763 was a watershed event that devastated the population and drastically weakened the central imperial government .


In September 1945 , he was told that he would be tried for war crimes , and several days later , he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there .


The sack of the southern port Guangzhou in 879 was followed by the massacre of most of its inhabitants , along with the large foreign merchant enclaves .


By 881 , both capitals , Luoyang and Chang'an , fell successively .


The reliance on ethnic Han and Turkic warlords in suppressing the rebellion increased their power and influence .


Consequently , the fall of the dynasty following Zhu Wen 's usurpation led to an era of division .


He had completed his memoirs by November 1953 , which became the basis of " Inside the Third Reich " .


This dampened the incentive for the Song to further campaign against the Liao .


Later the entire north of China was conquered .


The Song economy , facilitated by technology advancement , had reached a level of sophistication probably unseen in world history before its time .


The capital cities of Kaifeng and subsequently Hangzhou were both the most populous cities in the world for their time , and encouraged vibrant civil societies unmatched by previous Chinese dynasties .


Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release , putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him , which could have caused his property to be confiscated .


With prosperous economic activities , the historically first use of paper currency emerged in the western city of Chengdu , as a supplement to the existing copper coins .


There was court intrigue between the political reformers and conservatives , led by the chancellors Wang Anshi and Sima Guang , respectively .


Paddle-wheel warships equipped with trebuchets could launch incendiary bombs made of gunpowder and lime , as recorded in Song 's victory over the invading Jin forces at the Battle of Tangdao in the East China Sea , and the Battle of Caishi on the Yangtze River in 1161 .


The era was known as " Pax Mongolica " , when much of the Asian continent was ruled by the Mongols .


He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children , even with his son Albert who had also become an architect .


Its unrestricted issuance in the late Yuan dynasty inflicted hyperinflation , which eventually brought the downfall of the dynasty .


For preserving racial superiority as the conqueror and ruling class , traditional nomadic customs and heritage from the Mongolian steppe were held in high regard .


On the other hand , the Mongol rulers also adopted flexibly to a variety of cultures from many advanced civilizations within the vast empire .


The class of scholar officials and intellectuals , traditional bearers of elite Chinese culture , lost substantial social status .


In the same year , he appeared on the television program " The World at War " .


This major decline is not necessarily due only to Mongol killings .


Throughout the Yuan dynasty , there was some general sentiment among the populace against the Mongol dominance .


After the massive naval engagement at Lake Poyang , Zhu Yuanzhang prevailed over other rebel forces in the south .


The same year his northern expedition army captured the capital Khanbaliq .


He suffered a stroke and died in London on September 1 .


Large urban centers , such as Nanjing and Beijing , also contributed to the growth of private industry .


The Hongwu Emperor , being the only founder of a Chinese dynasty who was also of peasant origin , had laid the foundation of a state that relied fundamentally in agriculture .


Neo-feudal landholdings of the Song and Mongol periods were expropriated by the Ming rulers .


The emperor 's role became more autocratic , although Hongwu Emperor necessarily continued to use what he called the " Grand Secretariat " to assist with the immense paperwork of the bureaucracy , including memorials ( petitions and recommendations to the throne ) , imperial edicts in reply , reports of various kinds , and tax records .


In terms of numbers of species , the Asteraceae are rivaled only by the Orchidaceae .


The imperial palace in Beijing 's Forbidden City reached its current splendor .


At sea , the Ming became increasingly isolationist after the death of the Yongle Emperor .


Domestic and foreign demands for overseas trade , deemed illegal by the state , led to widespread " wokou " piracy attacking the southeastern coastline during the rule of the Jiajing Emperor ( 1507 – 1567 ) , which only subsided after the opening of ports in Guangdong and Fujian and much military suppression .


Founded by the Manchus , it was the second conquest dynasty to rule the entirety of China proper , and roughly doubled the territory controlled by the Ming .


Nearly all Asteraceae bear their flowers in dense heads ( capitula or pseudanthia ) surrounded by involucral bracts .


and then proceeded to subdue the Ming remnants in the south .


The Manchus enforced a ' queue order , ' forcing Han Chinese men to adopt the Manchu queue hairstyle .


Officials were required to wear Manchu-style clothing " Changshan " ( bannermen dress and " Tangzhuang " ) , but ordinary Han civilians were allowed to wear traditional Han clothing .


The Kangxi Emperor ordered the creation of the " Kangxi Dictionary " , the most complete dictionary of Chinese characters that had been compiled .


Most members of Asteraceae are annual or perennial herbs , but a significant number are also shrubs , vines , or trees .


The Qing court then instituted " New Policies " of administrative and legal reform , including abolition of the examination system .


They were inspired by an emerging public opinion formed by intellectuals such as Liang Qichao and the revolutionary ideas of Sun Yat-sen .


In the 1920 s , Sun Yat-sen established a revolutionary base in Guangzhou and set out to unite the fragmented nation .


These groups were originally created to represent mainland China constituencies .


On the other hand , many Asteraceae are considered weeds in various circumstances .


220 BC ) and the stupas constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura .


The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton , who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse .


and in 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first president .


The eastern settlement forms a mound which would have risen about 20 " m ( 66 " ft ) above the plain at the time of the latest Neolithic occupation .


Members of the Asteraceae are mostly herbaceous plants , but some shrubs , climbers and trees ( such as " Lachanodes arborea " ) do exist .


The prehistoric mound settlements were abandoned before the Bronze Age .


The site was first excavated by James Mellaart in 1958 .


These excavations revealed this section of Anatolia as a centre of advanced culture in the Neolithic period .


After this scandal , the site lay idle until 1993 , when investigations began under the leadership of Ian Hodder , then at the University of Cambridge .


These are mostly herbaceous but can also be brightly coloured ( e.g. " Helichrysum " ) or have a scarious ( dry and membranous ) texture .


Pottery and obsidian tools appear to have been major industries ; obsidian tools were probably both used and also traded for items such as Mediterranean sea shells and flint from Syria .


It originally ran from the Hudson River in Albany to Lake Erie in Buffalo .


It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes .


Close to the seacoast , rivers often provided adequate waterways , but the Appalachian Mountains , inland , running over long as a barrier range with just five places where mule trains or wagon roads could be routed , presented a great challenge .


In the Asteroideae and other minor subfamilies these are usually borne only on florets at the circumference of the capitulum and have a 3 + 2 scheme – above the fused corolla tube , three very long fused petals form the ligule , with the other two petals being inconspicuously small .


Shipping goods west from Albany was a costly and tedious affair ; there was no railroad yet , and to cover the distance from Buffalo to New York City by stagecoach took two weeks .


Expansion to the east and west proceeded simultaneously , and the whole eastern section , from Brockport to Albany , opened on September 10 , 1823 , to great fanfare .


The construction and operation of two sets of five locks there soon gave rise to the community of Lockport .


The final leg had to be cut deep through another limestone mass , the Onondaga ridge .


In some species , however , the pappus falls off ( for example in " Helianthus " ) .


It is operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers .


The Black Rock Lock is operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers .


If ingested orally , ethanol is extensively metabolized by the liver , particularly via the enzyme CYP450 .


Cannabis oil extraction methods often use ethanol as an extraction solvent , and also as a post-processing solvent to remove oils , waxes , and chlorophyll from solution in a process known as winterization .


In Asteraceae , the energy store is generally in the form of inulin rather than starch .


The calculation makes use of the Beer–Lambert law .


He also played football for non-League club Fleet .


He also worked briefly as a secretary for Beatrice Webb in 1909 , before becoming a secretary for Toynbee Hall .


He spent the summer of that year touring Essex and Somerset on a bicycle , explaining the act at public meetings .


Commercially important plants in Asteraceae include the food crops " Lactuca sativa " ( lettuce ) , " Cichorium " ( chicory ) , " Cynara scolymus " ( globe artichoke ) , " Helianthus annuus " ( sunflower ) , " Smallanthus sonchifolius " ( yacón ) , " Carthamus tinctorius " ( safflower ) and " Helianthus tuberosus " ( Jerusalem artichoke ) .


Upon returning to action , he was informed that his company had been chosen to hold the final lines during the evacuation of Suvla .


The vast majority of the party 's senior figures , including the Leader Arthur Henderson , lost their seats .


He always supported the crown , and as Prime Minister was close to King George VI .


Arthur Greenwood meanwhile was a popular figure in the party ; however , his leadership bid was severely hampered by his alcohol problem .


" Calendula " ( known as pot marigold ) is grown commercially for herbal teas and potpourri .


Although the Attlee government failed to meet its targets , primarily due to economic constraints , over a million new homes were built between 1945 and 1951 ( a significant achievement under the circumstances ) which ensured that decent , affordable housing was available to many low-income families for the first time ever .


The Bank of England and civil aviation were nationalised in 1946 .


The Attlee government placed strong emphasis on improving the quality of life in rural areas , benefiting both farmers and other consumers .


During its time in office , the Attlee government increased spending on education by over 50 per cent , from £ 6.5 " billion to £ 10 " billion .


The wormwood genus " Artemisia " includes absinthe ( " A. absinthium " ) and tarragon ( " A. dracunculus " ) .


The government was less successful in housing , which was the responsibility of Aneurin Bevan .


Nevertheless , millions of people were rehoused as a result of the Attlee government 's housing policies .


When the Attlee government was voted out of office in 1951 , the economy had been improved compared to 1945 .


Later that year , Hugh Dalton resigned as Chancellor after inadvertently leaking details of the budget to a journalist .


Some examples are " Chrysanthemum " , " Gerbera " , " Calendula " , " Dendranthema " , " Argyranthemum " , " Dahlia " , " Tagetes " , " Zinnia " , and many others .


In 1942 the British Raj tried to enlist all major political parties in support of the war effort .


The new Viceroy was Lord Mountbatten , the dashing war hero and a cousin of the King .


This " new colonialism " worked slowly and had failures such as the Tanganyika groundnut scheme .


By 1951 , the Attlee government was exhausted , with several of its most senior ministers ailing or ageing , and with a lack of new ideas .


Asteraceae are also used for some industrial purposes .


The society campaigned for the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private by consenting adults , a reform which was voted through Parliament nine years later .


He attended Winston Churchill 's funeral in January 1965 .


Two thousand people attended his funeral in November , including the then-Prime Minister Harold Wilson and the Duke of Kent , representing the Queen .


Due to his style of leadership , it was not he , but Ernest Bevin who masterminded foreign policy .


Some members of Asteraceae are economically important as weeds .


He appears to have been acquainted with the poet Marcus Furius Bibaculus .


For example , he applies the word " fides " , which traditionally meant faithfulness towards one 's political allies , to his relationship with Lesbia and reinterprets it as unconditional faithfulness in love .


Some hypothesize that 61 and 62 were perhaps inspired by lost works of Sappho but this is purely speculative .


" Parthenium argentatum " ( guayule ) is a source of hypoallergenic latex .


He also demonstrates a great sense of humour such as in Catullus 13 .


On GSM ( cellular ) networks , the prefix may automatically be inserted when the user prefixes a dialed number with the plus sign .


Since 1999 , he has recorded a number of traditional blues and blues rock albums and hosted the periodic Crossroads Guitar Festival .


In 2004 he was awarded a CBE at Buckingham Palace for services to music .


The high-accuracy measurements of atmospheric concentration , initiated by Charles David Keeling in 1958 , constitute the master time series documenting the changing composition of the atmosphere .


In part because of its success , the Yardbirds elected to move toward a pop-oriented sound , much to the annoyance of Clapton , who was devoted to the blues and not commercial success .


Clapton joined John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers in April 1965 , only to quit a few months later .


Clapton is reported to have been embarrassed by the slogan , saying in his " The South Bank Show " profile in 1987 , " I never accepted that I was the greatest guitar player in the world .


It also spawned the studio single " Badge " , co-written by Clapton and George Harrison .


For the Northern Hemisphere , the recent temperature rise is clearly unusual in at least the last 1,000 years ( see graph opposite ) .


Heavily blues-influenced , the album features the twin lead guitars of Clapton and Duane Allman , with Allman 's slide guitar as a key ingredient of the sound .


Adding to Clapton 's woes , " Layla " received only lukewarm reviews upon release .


With this band Clapton recorded " 461 Ocean Boulevard " ( 1974 ) , an album with an emphasis on more compact songs and fewer guitar solos ; the cover version of " I Shot the Sheriff " was Clapton 's first number one hit and was important in bringing reggae and the music of Bob Marley to a wider audience .


The 1975 album " There 's One in Every Crowd " continued this trend .


( 2003 ) , for example , considered whether or not human activities had increased the risk of severe heat waves in Europe , like the one experienced in 2003 .


Clapton continued to release albums and toured regularly .


Highlights of the period include " No Reason to Cry " ( a collaboration with Bob Dylan and The Band ) ; " Slowhand " , which contained " Wonderful Tonight " and a second J. J. Cale cover , " Cocaine " .


In 1976 he performed as one of a string of notable guests at the farewell performance of The Band , filmed in a Martin Scorsese documentary titled " The Last Waltz " .


A few months after his discharge , Clapton began working on his next album , against doctors ' orders .


The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report ( 2007 ) , concluded that attribution was possible for a number of observed changes in the climate ( see effects of global warming ) .


Clapton chose the name of the album " because that 's all I saw myself having left " after his first rehabilitation from alcoholism .


In 1984 he performed on former Pink Floyd member Roger Waters ' solo album " The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking " , and participated in the supporting tour .


Clapton also got together with the Bee Gees for charity .


In 1989 , Clapton released " Journeyman " , an album that covered a wide range of styles , including blues , jazz , soul and pop .


Global climate models suggest that climate change may widen the Hadley cells and push the jetstream northward thereby expanding the tropics region and resulting in warmer , dryer conditions in those areas overall .


On 1990 , fellow blues guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan , who was touring with Clapton , and three members of their road crew were killed in a helicopter crash between concerts .


While Clapton played acoustic guitar on " Unplugged " , his 1994 album " From the Cradle " contained new versions of old blues standards , highlighted by his electric guitar playing .


Clapton released the album " Reptile " in March 2001 .


On 29 November 2002 , the Concert for George was held at the Royal Albert Hall , a tribute to George Harrison , who had died a year earlier of lung cancer .


The leaf blade is usually dissected , ternate or pinnatifid , but simple and entire in some genera , e.g. " Bupleurum " .


Clapton 's management received the invitation and passed it on to the singer , who agreed in principle and suggested it take place sometime in 2009 .


Clapton was scheduled to perform at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 's 25th anniversary concert in Madison Square Garden on 2009 , but cancelled due to gallstone surgery .


Van Morrison ( who also cancelled ) said in an interview that he and Clapton were to do a " couple of songs " , but that they would do something else together at " some other stage of the game " .


On 28 February 2013 , Clapton announced his intention to stop touring in 2015 due to hassles with travel .


Apiaceae was first described by John Lindley in 1836 .


Although he did return to perform one final song , thousands of fans were upset by the lack of explanation from Clapton or the venue and booed after the concert ended around 40 minutes before advertised to finish .


Both Clapton and the venue apologised the next day , blaming ' technical difficulties ' for making sound conditions ' unbearable ' for Clapton on stage .


On 20 May 2016 , Clapton released his twenty-third studio album " I Still Do " .


Clapton cites Muddy Waters , Freddie King , B.B. King , Albert King , Buddy Guy , and Hubert Sumlin as guitar playing influences .


The name is derived from the type genus " Apium " , which was originally used by Pliny the Elder circa 50 AD for a celery-like plant .


Clapton commented on the slim profile of the neck , which would indicate it was a 1960 model .


The 335 was only the second electric guitar Clapton bought .


He gave one each to George Harrison , Steve Winwood , and Pete Townshend .


Clapton assembled the best components of the remaining three to create " Blackie " , which was his favourite stage guitar until its retirement in 1985 .


It is closely related to Araliaceae and the boundaries between these families remain unclear .


He married Pattie Boyd in 1979 , but their marriage was marred by his infidelities and domestic violence .


In an interview from October 1976 with " Sounds " magazine , Clapton said that he was not a political person and that his rambling remarks that night were not appropriate .


In 2004 , Clapton told an interviewer for " Scotland on Sunday " , " There 's no way I could be a racist .


Parsnip ( " Pastinaca sativa " ) , carrot ( " Daucus carota " ) and Hamburg parsley ( " Petroselinum crispum " ) produce tap roots that are large enough to be useful as food .


Clapton currently owns or has owned a range of Ferraris , and when asked about his Ferrari collection in 1989 , he said he liked the touring cars the company produces for road use and commented " if I had more space and if I had been wise I would have a huge collection by now and I would be a multi-multi-millionaire " .


In 2010 , he explained that for him " Ferrari has always been the number one car " to own and drive , and that he always supported Ferrari on the road and in Formula One motor racing .


In 2014 , Clapton explained that Ferrari is still his favourite car brand .


Both charities subsequently merged to become Action on Addiction in 2007 .


Located 10 miles ( 16 " km ) northwest of Ullapool as the crow flies .


In 1999 , Clapton auctioned off some of his guitar collection to raise more than US $ 5 million for continuing support of the Crossroads Centre .


Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the third time , this time as a solo artist .


An asteroid , 4305 Clapton , is named after him .


Both Opel and Vauxhall used the guitar riff from " Layla " in their advertising campaigns throughout 1987 – 95 .


It attracted up to 10,000 visitors a year until it was sold in 2007 to a company based in the Isle of Man .


The word is derived from the Greek ( " aitiología " ) " giving a reason for " ( , " aitía " , " cause " ; and , " - logía " ) .


For example , Virgil 's " Aeneid " is a national myth written to explain and glorify the origins of the Roman Empire .


Without knowing the precise cause , Captain James Cook suspected scurvy was caused by the lack of vegetables in the diet .


While Delphi is actually related to the word " ( " womb " ) , many etiological myths are similarly based on folk etymology ( the term " Amazon " , for example ) .


The rebellion proved not yet to be over , as tensions between the social forces aligned with the soviets ( councils ) and those with the provisional government now led by Alexander Kerensky ( 1881 - 1970 , in power 1917 ) , came into explosive tensions during that summer .


He was sent to the Lord Treasurer ( Burghley ) , but no charge or imprisonment resulted .


but also gives to the clown Touchstone the words " When a man 's verses cannot be understood , nor a man 's good wit seconded with the forward child , understanding , it strikes a man more dead than a great reckoning in a little room " .


" Cricket " is a bat-and-ball sport contested by two teams .


Up to July , these policies were disseminated through 41 publications , Pravda being the main paper , with a readership of 320,000 .


Rome was the leading Patriarchate of the ancient four by virtue of its founding by Saints Peter and Paul and their martyrdom there , not to mention being the political center of the Roman empire at the time .


There is no single Patriarch with exclusive authority comparable to the Pope in Rome .


Currently the bishops of the Assyrian Church of the East continue to maintain its apostolic succession .


Seen in this way , Anglicans often speak of " the bishop-in-synod " as the force and authority of episcopal governance .


This was roughly halved after the repression of the Bolsheviks following the July Days demonstrations so that even by the end of August , the principal paper of the Bolsheviks had a print run of only 50,000 copies .


Provinces of the Anglican Communion , their ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses are governed by councils consisting not only of bishops , but also representatives of the presbyterate and laity .


As an offshoot of Anglicanism , Methodist churches often use episcopal polity for historical as well as practical reasons , albeit to limited use .


Methodists often use the term " connexionalism " or " connexional polity " in addition to " episcopal " .


Nevertheless , the powers of the Methodist episcopacy can be relatively strong and wide-reaching compared to traditional conceptions of episcopal polity .


The factions within the soviets became increasingly polarized in the later summer after armed demonstrations by soldiers at the call of the Bolsheviks and an attempted military coup by commanding Gen. Lavr Kornilov to eliminate the socialists from the provisional government .


At the same time , Belarusian and Southern Russian form a continuous area , making it virtually impossible to draw a line between the two languages .


Northern Russian with its predecessor , the Old Novgorod dialect , has many original and archaic features .


She was a junior accounting major at Arkansas Tech University at the time she entered the Miss America contest .


After her yearlong work as Miss America , she enrolled in acting classes then relocated to California to pursue a film and television career .


As the general consensus within the soviets moved leftward , less militant forces began to abandon them , leaving the Bolsheviks in a stronger position .


Today , speakers of Chinese use three written numeral systems : the system of Arabic numerals used worldwide , and two indigenous systems .


The more familiar indigenous system is based on Chinese characters that correspond to numerals in the spoken language .


The other indigenous system is the Suzhou numerals , or " huama " , a positional system , the only surviving form of the rod numerals .


The Chinese character numeral system consists of the Chinese characters used by the Chinese written language to write spoken numerals .


The Communist International was dissolved in 1943 after it was concluded that such an organization had failed to prevent the rise of fascism and the global war necessary to defeat it .


" T " denotes Traditional Chinese characters , while " S " denotes Simplified Chinese characters .


Numerals beyond 載 zǎi come from Buddhist texts in Sanskrit , but are mostly found in ancient texts .


The following are characters used to denote small order of magnitude in Chinese historically .


still in use , corresponds to the SI prefix milli - .


In 1949 , the Communists emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War , causing an extreme shift in the global balance of forces and greatly escalating tensions between the Communists and the western powers , fueling the Cold War .


However , the governments have each chosen different Chinese characters for certain prefixes .


In certain older texts like the Protestant Bible or in poetic usage , numbers such as 114 may be " written " as [ 100 ] [ 10 ] [ 4 ] ( ) .


For another example 67 , in Chinese is sixty seven , short for year nineteen sixty seven , a common Chinese shorthand for the Hong Kong 1967 leftist riots .


Nowadays , the " huāmǎ " system is only used for displaying prices in Chinese markets or on traditional handwritten invoices .


In the summer of 1990 the party convened the 28th Congress .


It 's written in " Sunzi Suanjing " that " one is vertical , ten is horizontal " .


The counting rod numerals system has place value and decimal numerals for computation , and was used widely by Chinese merchants , mathematicians and astronomers from the Han dynasty to the 16th century .


In 690 AD , Empress Wǔ promulgated Zetian characters , one of which was " 〇 " .


Traditional Chinese numeric characters are also used in Japan and Korea and were used in Vietnam before the 20th century .


No member or organizational institution may dissent on a policy after it has been agreed upon by the party 's governing body ; to do so would lead to expulsion from the party ( formalized at the 10th Congress ) .


Chinese numeric characters are also used in much the same formal or decorative fashion that Roman numerals are in Western cultures .


The Z3 computer , invented by Konrad Zuse ( 1941 ) in Germany , was a digital and programmable computer .


The principle behind logical languages ( like Prolog ) is to define the problem to be solved " – the goal " – and leave the detailed solution to the Prolog system itself .


It died out in late antiquity , subject to hostility from early Christianity .


The Congress , nominally the highest organ of the party , was convened every five years .


He may have had access to the now-lost writings of the historian and ethnographer Megasthenes , who wrote during the reign of Seleucus I Nicator ( ruled 305 – 281 BC ) .


According to Diogenes Laërtius , he wrote around 300 treatises on a variety of subjects .


An " epitaph " ( from Greek " epitaphios " " a funeral oration " from ἐπί " epi " " at , over " and τάφος " taphos " " tomb " ) is a short text honoring a deceased person .


An epitaph may be written in prose or in poem verse ; poets have been known to compose their own epitaphs prior to their death , as did William Shakespeare .


Despite delegates to Congresses losing their powers to criticize or remove party leadership , the Congresses functioned as a form of elite-mass communication .


Bronius Kutavičius composed in 1998 " Epitaphium temporum pereunti " .


David Bowie 's final album , " Blackstar " , released in 2016 , is generally seen as his musical epitaph , with singles " Blackstar " and " Lazarus " often singled out .


The word is derived from the Greek ' inscription ' from ' to write on , to inscribe ' , and the literary device has been employed for over two millennia .


The Greek tradition of epigrams began as poems inscribed on votive offerings at sanctuariesincluding statues of athletesand on funerary monuments , for example " Go tell it to the Spartans , passersby ... " .


The Congresses also provided the party leadership with formal legitimacy by providing a mechanism for the election of new members and the retirement of old members who had lost favor .


Greek epigram was actually much more diverse , as the Milan Papyrus now indicates .


Authors whose epigrams survive include Catullus , who wrote both invectives and love epigrams & ndash ; his poem 85 is one of the latter .


Poets known for their epigrams whose work has been lost include Cornificia .


In early English literature the short couplet poem was dominated by the poetic epigram and proverb , especially in the translations of the Bible and the Greek and Roman poets .


A Congress could also provide a platform for the announcement of new ideological concepts .


The novelist George Eliot also included couplets throughout her writings .


Adelaide Crapsey codified the couplet form into a two line rhymed verse of ten syllables per line with her image couplet poem " On Seeing Weather-Beaten Trees " first published in 1915 .


By the 1930 s , the five-line cinquain verse form became widely known in the poetry of the Scottish poet William Soutar .


These were originally labelled epigrams but later identified as image cinquains in the style of Adelaide Crapsey .


It 's currently owned by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation .


The word " crime " is derived from the Latin root , meaning " I decide , I give judgment " .


In 13th century English " crime " meant " sinfulness " , according to the Online Etymology Dictionary .


In Latin , " crimen " could have signified any one of the following : " charge , indictment , accusation ; crime , fault , offense " .


The Romans systematized law and applied their system across the Roman Empire .


It was the successor of the Communist Academy , which was established in 1918 .


The most significant Roman law concept involved " dominion " .


Similarly , the consolidated Teutonic laws of the Germanic tribes , included a complex system of monetary compensations for what courts would consider the complete range of criminal offences against the person , from murder down .


All the earliest English criminal trials involved wholly extraordinary and arbitrary courts without any settled law to apply , whereas the civil ( delictual ) law operated in a highly developed and consistent manner ( except where a king wanted to raise money by selling a new form of writ ) .


From the Hellenic system onwards , the policy rationale for requiring the payment of monetary compensation for wrongs committed has involved the avoidance of feuding between clans and families .


However , at the republican level , several Komsomol first secretaries were appointed to the Politburo .


In a 2014 survey it was found that as many as one-third of low wage male foreign workers in Singapore , or about 130,000 , were affected by wage theft from partial to full denial of pay .


He only stayed a short while and then returned to Zaragoza .


The " Historia Roderici " calls her a daughter of a Count Diego Fernández de Oviedo .


Hell / - o operator " to allude to the taboo word " Hell " , then replaces it with the innocuous " Hello " .


The relationship between ideology and decision-making was at best ambivalent ; most policy decisions were made in the light of the continued , permanent development of Marxism–Leninism .


The Convention is open for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe and the non-member States which have participated in its elaboration and for accession by other non-member States .


Its primary campus is located approximately northeast of downtown Los Angeles .


The vocational school was disbanded and the preparatory program was split off to form the independent Polytechnic School in 1907 .


Jean-Lou Chameau , the eighth president , announced on February 19 , 2013 , that he would be stepping down to accept the presidency at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology .


Despite having evolved over the years , Marxism–Leninism had several central tenets .


The fencing team competes in the NCAA 's single division in that sport , facing teams from UCLA , USC , UCSD , and Stanford , among others .


In recent years , pranking has been officially encouraged by Tom Mannion , Caltech 's Assistant VP for Student Affairs and Campus Life .


" The grand old days of pranking have gone away at Caltech , and that 's what we are trying to bring back , " reported the " Boston Globe " .


Donald Knuth ( PhD 1963 ) , the " father " of the analysis of algorithms , wrote " The Art of Computer Programming " and created the TeX computer typesetting system , which is commonly used in the scientific community .


Unlike liberalism , Marxism–Leninism stressed the role of the individual as a member of a collective rather than the importance of the individual .


He had already begun writing at this time and , in his third year , he composed a libellous poem ( " Il colosso " ) in which he ridiculed the daughters of certain Pavian families .


He was employed as a law clerk at Chioggia and Feltre , after which he returned to his native city and began practicing .


This may be surprising , considering his staunch Catholic upbringing .


The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is based on cumulative distribution functions and can be used to test to see whether two empirical distributions are different or whether an empirical distribution is different from an ideal distribution .


Marxism–Leninism believed in the feasibility of a communist mode of production .


In certain older texts ( typically British ) , the use of the ligatures æ and œ is common in words such as " archæology " , " diarrhœa " , and " encyclopædia " .


Furthermore , it introduced further inconsistencies , partly because of the use of typesetters trained abroad , particularly in the Low Countries .


The place name Loughborough uses two different pronunciations of " ough " : the first " ough " has the sound as in " c " uff " and the second rhymes with " thorough " .


According to some authors , Leninism was by definition authoritarian .


The Screen Actors Guild , a union representing actors and actresses throughout Hollywood reports that the average television and film actor earns less than US $ 50,000 annually ; the median hourly wage for actors was $ 18.80 in May 2015 .


For instance , David Letterman is well known for branching into late night television as a talk show host while honing his skills as a stand-up comedian , Barbra Streisand ventured into acting while operating as a singer , and Clint Eastwood achieved even greater fame in Hollywood as a film director and producer than for his acting credentials .


In 2011 , golfer Tiger Woods was one of highest-earning celebrity athletes , with an income of $ 74 million and is consistently ranked one of the highest-paid athletes in the world .


Numerous celebrities have ventured into becoming business moguls and established themselves as entrepreneurs , idolizing many well known American business leaders such as Bill Gates and Warren Buffett .


In the early 1930 s , he initiated the collectivization of Soviet agriculture by de-privatizing agriculture and creating peasant cooperatives rather than making it the responsibility of the state .


The release of Kim Kardashian 's sex tape with rapper Ray J in 2003 brought her to a new level of fame , leading to magazine covers , book deals , and reality TV series .


Also known as being " internet famous " , contemporary fame does not always involve a physical red carpet .


Celebrity blogging have also spawned stars such as Perez Hilton who is well known for not only blogging but also outing celebrities .


After a few months , Elgar left the solicitor to embark on a musical career , giving piano and violin lessons and working occasionally in his father 's shop .


They accuse Joseph Stalin of creating a system of mass terror , intimidation , annulling the democracy component of democratic centralism and emphasizing centralism , which led to the creation of an inner-party dictatorship .


As an engagement present , Elgar dedicated his short violin-and-piano piece " Salut d'Amour " to her .


For the Birmingham Triennial Music Festival of 1900 , he set Cardinal John Henry Newman 's poem " The Dream of Gerontius " for soloists , chorus and orchestra .


The approval of the king was confirmed , and Elgar began work .


He regretted the controversy and was glad to hand on the post to his friend Granville Bantock in 1908 .


The backward nature of expectation formulation and the resultant systematic errors made by agents ( see Cobweb model ) was unsatisfactory to economists such as John Muth , who was pivotal in the development of an alternative model of how expectations are formed , called rational expectations .


Both W. S. Gilbert and Thomas Hardy sought to collaborate with Elgar in this decade .


His first was to conduct his music and to accept a doctorate from Yale University .


As Elgar approached his fiftieth birthday , he began work on his first symphony , a project that had been in his mind in various forms for nearly ten years .


Elgar conducted a recording of the work for the Gramophone Company .


Myelin is a layer of a fatty insulating substance , which is formed by two types of glial cells Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes .


Elgar was devastated by the loss of his wife .


For much of the rest of his life , Elgar indulged himself in his several hobbies .


His protégés , the conductor Malcolm Sargent and violinist Yehudi Menuhin , both recalled rehearsals with Elgar at which he swiftly satisfied himself that all was well and then went off to the races .


Shortly after these were published , he was appointed Master of the King 's Musick on 13 May 1924 , following the death of Sir Walter Parratt .


In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells form the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon .


The " Enigma Variations " made Elgar 's name nationally .


This work is based , unlike much of Elgar 's earlier writing , not on a profusion of themes but on only three .


" Between the two concertos came Elgar 's symphonic study " Falstaff " , which has divided opinion even among Elgar 's strongest admirers .


Elgar himself thought " Falstaff " the highest point of his purely orchestral work .


Along myelinated nerve fibers , gaps in the myelin sheath known as nodes of Ranvier occur at evenly spaced intervals .


Elgar 's immense popularity was not long-lived .


Among Elgar 's admirers there is disagreement about which of his works are to be regarded as masterpieces .


Despite the fluctuating critical assessment of the various works over the years , Elgar 's major works taken as a whole have in the twenty-first century recovered strongly from their neglect in the 1950 s .


Bundles of myelinated axons make up the nerve tracts in the CNS .


Elgar was offered , but declined , the office of Mayor of Hereford ( despite not being a member of its city council ) when he lived in the city in 1905 .


The change to remove his image generated controversy , particularly because 2007 was the 150th anniversary of Elgar 's birth .


From 2007 the Elgar notes were phased out , ceasing to be legal tender on 30 June 2010 .


In the peripheral nervous system axons are myelinated by glial cells known as Schwann cells .


It does not lend money to SMEs directly ; rather it provides finance through private banks and funds .


Its shareholders are : the European Investment Bank ( 62 % ) ; the European Union , represented by the European Commission ( 29 % ) ; and 30 privately owned EU financial institutions ( 9 % ) .


Support among other operating systems , including Macintosh operating systems , was inconsistent .


Gibraltar issued commemorative coins from 1993 through 1996 , though these were ( nominally ) legal tender only in Gibraltar , which uses the pound sterling .


He undertook many projects that he was unable to complete , though he did finish translations of stories by Edgar Allan Poe .


But at last , his mother relented and agreed to let him live with her for a while at Honfleur .


In 1860 , he became an ardent supporter of Richard Wagner .


His long-standing relationship with Jeanne Duval continued on-and-off , and he helped her to the end of his life .


Actin plays a major role in the mobility of this system .


His associations were numerous , including Gustave Courbet , Honoré Daumier , Félicien Rops , Franz Liszt , Champfleury , Victor Hugo , Gustave Flaubert , and Balzac .


From this time until 1865 , he was largely occupied with translating Poe 's works ; his translations were widely praised .


" Les Fleurs du mal " has a number of scholarly references .


Six of the states using the EC $ are independent states : Antigua and Barbuda , Dominica , Grenada , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .


Louis-Antoine Ranvier was the first to describe the gaps or nodes found on axons and for this contribution these axonal features are now commonly referred to as the nodes of Ranvier .


The British Virgin Islands were always problematic for currency purposes due to their proximity to the Danish West Indies , which became the United States Virgin Islands in 1917 .


In 1951 , the British Virgin Islands adopted the British West Indies dollar which at that time operated in conjunction with the sterling coinage , and in 1959 they changed over officially to the U.S. dollar .


Queen Elizabeth II appears on the banknotes and also on the obverse of the coins .


A few years later copper fractional dollars were coined for Mauritius , Sierra Leone , and the British West Indies .


These were sent to an aquarium company in Texas , who soon started to distribute them to aquarists .


The 1825 order-in-council was largely a failure because it made sterling silver coinage legal tender at the unrealistic rating in relation to the Spanish dollar of $ 1 = 4 shillings 4 pence .


It succeeded in Jamaica , Bermuda , and British Honduras because the authorities in those territories set aside the official ratings and used the more realistic rating of $ 1 = 4 shillings .


In the years immediately following 1873 , there was a fear that the British West Indies might return to a silver standard .


Jamaica , Bermuda , and the Bahamas preferred to use sterling accounts whereas British Guiana used dollar accounts .


It has become one of the best-known poems in American literature .


Defined by the United Nations Environment Programme as " development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs , " sustainable development may be considered together with the concepts of " integration " ( development cannot be considered in isolation from sustainability ) and " interdependence " ( social and economic development , and environmental protection , are interdependent ) .


Multilateral environmental agreements sometimes create an International Organization , Institution or Body responsible for implementing the agreement .


The modern steel string guitar , on the other hand , usually has fourteen frets clear of the body ( see Dreadnought ) and is commonly played off the hip .


Within Christianity , there are a variety of views on sexual orientation and homosexuality .


It was the 19th - century classical guitarist Francisco Tárrega who first popularized the Torres design as a classical solo instrument .


Composers of the Renaissance period who wrote for four-course guitar include Alonso Mudarra , Miguel de Fuenllana , Adrian Le Roy , , Guillaume de Morlaye , and .


The guitarist and composer Francisco Tárrega ( November 29 , 1852 – December 15 , 1909 ) was one of the great guitar virtuosos and teachers and is considered the father of modern classical guitar playing .


During the late Middle Ages , gitterns called " guitars " were in use , but their construction and tuning was different from modern guitars .


Certain other Christian denominations do not view monogamous same-sex relationships as sinful or immoral , and may bless such unions and consider them marriages .


Some modern guitarists , such as Štěpán Rak and Kazuhito Yamashita , use the little finger independently , compensating for the little finger 's shortness by maintaining an extremely long fingernail .


Some contemporary guitar makers have introduced new construction concepts such as " double-top " consisting of two extra-thin wooden plates separated by Nomex , or carbon-fiber reinforced lattice – pattern bracing .


The books that make up " The Chronicles of Narnia " have sold the most and have been popularised on stage , TV , radio , and cinema .


His philosophical writings are widely cited by Christian apologists from many denominations .


The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland also allows prayer for same-sex couples .


The broadcasts were anthologised in " Mere Christianity " .


He maintained a strong attachment to the city of Oxford , keeping a home there and returning on weekends until his death in 1963 .


In a 2005 interview , Douglas Gresham acknowledged that he and his brother were not close , but he did say that they are in email contact .


His brother Warren died on 9 April 1973 and was buried in the same grave .


The Metropolitan Community Church was founded specifically to serve the Christian LGBT community .


He also wrote " The Four Loves " , which rhetorically explains four categories of love : friendship , eros , affection , and charity .


" Mere Christianity " was voted best book of the 20th century by " Christianity Today " in 2000 .


He also became a popular lecturer and broadcaster , and some of his writing originated as scripts for radio talks or lectures ( including much of " Mere Christianity " ) .


This was also staged as a theatre play starring Nigel Hawthorne in 1989 and made into the 1993 feature film " Shadowlands " starring Anthony Hopkins and Debra Winger .


Churches within Lutheranism hold stances on the issue ranging from labeling homosexual acts as sinful , to acceptance of homosexual relationships .


There are also sets with where the tiles have Xiangqi characters next to the pips .


As Xiangqi also has 32 pieces , these dual use sets can be used to play Giog .


All its trains travel through the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France , owned and operated separately by Getlink .


Intermediate calling points in France are Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe , with trains to Paris terminating at Gare du Nord .


Some evangelical churches in Uganda strongly oppose homosexuality and homosexuals .


British Rail and SNCF contracted with Eurotunnel to use half the tunnel 's capacity for this purpose .


Predicted journey times of almost nine hours for Glasgow to Paris at the time of growth of low-cost air travel during the 1990 s made the plans commercially unviable against the cheaper and quicker airlines .


Other reasons that have been suggested for these services having never been run were both government policies and the disruptive privatisation of British Rail .


Three services daily ( two on weekends ) operate to Amsterdam via Brussels and Rotterdam with one also calling at Lille .


or the inferior treatment of women as not being valid today , and against the will of God present in the context of the Bible .


The direct train from Amsterdam was originally due to launch on 30 April 2020 , and from Rotterdam on 18 May 2020 , although it was later postponed to 26 October 2020 for both cities due to the COVID-19 pandemic .


This allows for juxtaposed controls in Amsterdam and Rotterdam like those in Brussels or Paris .


In 1996 , London and Continental Railways forecast that passenger numbers would reach 21.4 " million annually by 2004 , but only 7.3 " million was achieved .


In 2006 , the Department for Transport predicted that , by 2037 , annual cross-channel passenger numbers would probably reach 16 million , considerably less optimistic than London and Continental Railways 's original 1996 forecast .


His views have not found wide acceptance , and opponents have argued that this rite sanctified a Platonic brotherly bond , not a homosexual union .


The trains are essentially modified TGV sets , and can operate at up to on high-speed lines , and in the Channel Tunnel .


Speed limits in the Channel Tunnel are dictated by air-resistance , energy ( heat ) dissipation and the need to be used with other , slower trains .


The trains were designed with Channel Tunnel safety in mind , and consist of two independent " half-sets " each with its own power car .


SNCF 's lease of the sets is scheduled to last until 2011 , with an option for a further two years .


Equally , gays and lesbians do not see the Bible as unequivocally true because they are forced by its use against them to read it more closely and with less credulity , leading them to note its myriad contradictions .


These would be sixteen-car , long trainsets built to meet current Channel Tunnel regulations .


Other incidents in the Channel Tunnel – such as the 1996 and 2008 Channel Tunnel fires – have affected Eurostar services but were not directly related to Eurostar 's operations .


Brussels services resumed on a limited scale on 22 February .


On 20 December 2010 , the Channel Tunnel was closed off for a day due to snowy weather .


within a range from London where rail is competitive with air travel .


Compounding the difficulties in providing a similar service are the Channel Tunnel safety rules , the major ones being the " half-train rule " and the " length rule " .


This would require either equipment upgrades of the existing fleet , or a new fleet equipped for both ERTMS and the domestic signalling systems used by Nederlandse Spoorwegen .


Travel time from London to Marseille was roughly 6.5 hours in 2018 .


They include 150 languages spoken across northern Nigeria , southern Niger , southern Chad , Central African Republic and northern Cameroon .


The direct Amsterdam to London service is scheduled to launch on 26 October 2020 with two trains a day Monday - Friday .


Until that date , a change in Brussels for passport controls and security added about an hour to journey time .


Initially the only calling points would be Rotterdam on the way to Amsterdam , and Cologne on the way to Frankfurt .


Amsterdam and Cologne would be under four hours from London , Frankfurt around five hours .


If MS were defined just by the separation in time and space of the demyelinating lesions as McDonald did , it would not be enough to make a difference , as some cases of ADEM satisfy these conditions .


Archaic mammals filled the world such as creodonts ( extinct carnivores , unrelated to existing Carnivora ) .


At the top of the food chains were huge birds , such as Paracrax .


The Pliocene epoch lasted from 5.333 to 2.58 million years ago .


A new entity called MOGDEM has been proposed .


Climatic changes brought : savannas that are still continuing to spread across the world ; Indian monsoons ; deserts in central Asia ; and the beginnings of the Sahara desert .


The world map has not changed much since , save for changes brought about by the glaciations of the Quaternary , such as the Great Lakes , Hudson Bay , and the Baltic sea .


It is divided into two epochs : the Pleistocene and the Holocene .


The Pleistocene lasted from 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago .


Friedreich 's ataxia has gait abnormality as the most commonly presented symptom .


Many animals evolved including mammoths , giant ground sloths , dire wolves , saber-toothed cats , and most famously " Homo sapiens " .


100,000 years ago marked the end of one of the worst droughts in Africa , and led to the expansion of primitive humans .


As the Pleistocene drew to a close , a major extinction wiped out much of the world 's megafauna , including some of the hominid species , such as Neanderthals .


All the continents were affected , but Africa to a lesser extent .


The word is from Greek " α - " [ a negative prefix ] + " - τάξις " [ order ] = " lack of order " .


From a geological perspective , it did not take long for mammals and birds to greatly diversify in the absence of the dinosaurs that had dominated during the Mesozoic .


The extinction of many large diapsid groups , such as flightless dinosaurs , Plesiosauria and Pterosauria allowed mammals and birds to greatly diversify and become the world 's predominant fauna .


The cooling trend continued in the Miocene , with relatively short warmer periods .


The word is derived from the Latin " , from " ( equal ) and " ( genitive " ) ( night ) .


The - pump has been shown to control and set the intrinsic activity mode of cerebellar Purkinje neurons .


In the Southern Hemisphere , the reverse is true .


Later it was realized that this happens on a day when the durations of the day and the night are practically equal and the word " equinox " comes from Latin " aequus " , meaning " equal " , and " nox " , meaning " night " .


However , there remained a small residual variation in the date and time of the vernal equinox of about ± 27 " hours from its mean position , virtually all because the distribution of 24 " hour centurial leap-days causes large jumps ( see Gregorian calendar leap solstice ) .


The dates of the equinoxes change progressively during the leap-year cycle , because the Gregorian calendar year is not commensurate with the period of the Earth 's revolution about the Sun .


The most commonly used physical therapy interventions for cerebellar ataxia are vestibular habituation , Frenkel exercises , proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation ( PNF ) , and balance training ; however , therapy is often highly individualized and gait and coordination training are large components of therapy .


Usually , a satellite will travel either north or south of the Earth 's shadow due to its shifted axis throughout the year .


As a result , they are visible only as a thin line when seen from Earth .


When seen from above – a view seen during an equinox for the first time from the " Cassini " space probe in 2009 – they receive very little sunshine ; indeed , they receive more planetshine than light from the Sun .


In particular , Wigner 's theorem is a cornerstone in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics .


Optic ataxia is usually part of Balint 's syndrome , but can be seen in isolation with injuries to the superior parietal lobule , as it represents a disconnection between visual-association cortex and the frontal premotor and motor cortex .


Religious education was compulsory , and he attended classes in Judaism taught by a rabbi .


They both benefited from the instruction of the noted mathematics teacher László Rátz .


These colloquia featured such luminaries as Max Planck , Max von Laue , Rudolf Ladenburg , Werner Heisenberg , Walther Nernst , Wolfgang Pauli , and Albert Einstein .


The theorem specifies how physical symmetries such as rotations , translations , and CPT symmetry are represented on the Hilbert space of states .


Major Cushitic languages include Oromo , Somali , Beja , Agaw , Afar , Saho and Sidamo .


As it turned out , a design decision by DuPont to give the reactor additional load tubes for more uranium saved the project when neutron poisoning became a problem .


The Wigner effect was a serious problem for the reactors at the Hanford Site in the immediate post-war period , and resulted in production cutbacks and a reactor being shut down entirely .


In 1968 he gave the Josiah Willard Gibbs lecture .


These are not physical fields yet , before spontaneous symmetry breaking and the associated Higgs mechanism .


Somali ( 16.2 million ) , Beja ( 3.2 million ) , Sidamo ( 3 million ) , and Afar ( 2 million ) .


" Confucianism " , also known as " Ruism " , is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China .


Confucius considered himself a transmitter of cultural values inherited from the Xia ( c .


Confucianism was suppressed during the Legalist and autocratic Qin dynasty ( 221 – 206 BCE ) , but survived .


The abolition of the examination system in 1905 marked the end of official Confucianism .


Oromo is the working language of the Oromia Region in Ethiopia .


Confucianism focuses on the practical order that is given by a this-worldly awareness of the " Tiān " .


" xìng " ) , which has a transcendent anchorage in Heaven ( " tiān " ) .


Confucian liturgy ( called " rú " , or sometimes , meaning ' orthopraxy ' ) led by Confucian priests or " sages of rites " ( ) to worship the gods in public and ancestral Chinese temples is preferred on certain occasions , by Confucian religious groups and for civil religious rites , over Taoist or popular ritual .


The worldly concern of Confucianism rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good , and teachable , improvable , and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor , especially self-cultivation and self-creation .


E.g. in Bilin , " dəmmu " " cat ( s ) " is number-neutral , from which singular " dəmmura " " a single cat " and plural " dəmmura " " several cats " can be formed .


Some of the basic Confucian ethical concepts and practices include " rén " , " yì " , and " lǐ " , and " zhì " .


Confucianism holds one in contempt , either passively or actively , for failure to uphold the cardinal moral values of " rén " and " yì " .


Heaven is not some being pre-existing the temporal world .


Confucianism is concerned with finding " middle ways " between yin and yang at every new configuration of the world .


The following table gives an example for the suffix and prefix conjugations in affirmative present tense in Somali .


Confucius used the term in a mystical way .


He wrote in the " Analects " ( 7.23 ) that Tian gave him life , and that Tian watched and judged ( 6.28 ; 9.12 ) .


In 9.5 Confucius says that a person may know the movements of the Tian , and this provides with the sense of having a special place in the universe .


In 17.19 Confucius says that Tian spoke to him , though not in words .


She argues that the Nilo-Saharan Nobiin language today contains a number of key pastoralism related loanwords that are of proto-Highland East Cushitic origin , including the terms for sheep / goatskin , hen / cock , livestock enclosure , butter and milk .


According to Stephan Feuchtwang , rites are conceived as " what makes the invisible visible " , making possible for humans to cultivate the underlying order of nature .


Confucius includes in his discussions of " li " such diverse topics as learning , tea drinking , titles , mourning , and governance .


Confucius envisioned proper government being guided by the principles of " li " .


Some Confucians proposed that all human beings may pursue perfection by learning and practising " li " .


His father was a barber and his mother was a seamstress , both born in Angri , a small commune outside of Naples in the Province of Salerno .


Loyalty ( , " zhōng " ) is particularly relevant for the social class to which most of Confucius 's students belonged , because the most important way for an ambitious young scholar to become a prominent official was to enter a ruler 's civil service .


Moreover , Mencius indicated that if the ruler is incompetent , he should be replaced .


A good Confucian is also expected to remonstrate with his superiors when necessary .


At the same time , a proper Confucian ruler should also accept his ministers ' advice , as this will help him govern the realm better .


Timely use of Salvarsan probably could have cured the infection , but he apparently never sought treatment .


Nonetheless , throughout the ages , many Confucians continued to fight against unrighteous superiors and rulers .


Many of these Confucians suffered and sometimes died because of their conviction and action .


Many Confucians also realised that loyalty and filial piety have the potential of coming into conflict with one another .


Filial piety is considered a key virtue in Chinese culture , and it is the main concern of a large number of stories .


This placed Hymie Weiss at the head of the gang , backed by Vincent Drucci and Bugs Moran .


The " junzi " ( , " jūnzǐ " , " lord 's son " ) is a Chinese philosophical term often translated as " gentleman " or " superior person " and employed by Confucius in his works to describe the ideal man .


In the " I Ching " it is used by the Duke of Wen .


In Confucianism , the sage or wise is the ideal personality ; however , it is very hard to become one of them .


Confucius created the model of " junzi " , gentleman , which may be achieved by any individual .


The protagonists of Chicago 's politics had long been associated with questionable methods , and even newspaper circulation " wars " , but the need for bootleggers to have protection in city hall introduced a far more serious level of violence and graft .


To Confucius , the " junzi " sustained the functions of government and social stratification through his ethical values .


Confucius believed that social disorder often stemmed from failure to perceive , understand , and deal with reality .


In Zhou theology , Tian had no singular earthly progeny , but bestowed divine favour on virtuous rulers .


Zhou kings declared that their victory over the Shang was because they were virtuous and loved their people , while the Shang were tyrants and thus were deprived of power by Tian .


His body was transported back to Chicago a week later and a private funeral was held .


Besides the waning Zhou ritual system , what may be defined as " wild " ( " yě " ) traditions , or traditions " outside of the official system " , developed as attempts to access the will of Tian .


The population had lost faith in the official tradition , which was no longer perceived as an effective way to communicate with Heaven .


A key Confucian concept is that in order to govern others one must first govern oneself according to the universal order .


Confucianism , despite supporting the importance of obeying national authority , places this obedience under absolute moral principles that curbed the willful exercise of power , rather than being unconditional .


In Chapter 11 , in most instances the debtor remains in control of its business operations as a debtor in possession , and is subject to the oversight and jurisdiction of the court .


These scholars have held that , if not for Confucianism 's influence on these cultures , many of the people of the East Asia region would not have been able to modernise and industrialise as quickly as Singapore , Malaysia , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Japan , South Korea and even China have done .


For example , the impact of the Vietnam War on Vietnam was devastating , but over the last few decades Vietnam has been re-developing in a very fast pace .


Some argue therefore that despite Confucius 's disdain with martial culture , his teachings became of much relevance to it .


The Taiping Rebellion described Confucianism sages as well as gods in Taoism and Buddhism as devils .


Chapter 11 retains many of the features present in all , or most , bankruptcy proceedings in the United States .


Finally , scholars have discussed the attitudes toward women in Confucian texts such as Analects .


Many traditional commentators and modern scholars have debated over the precise meaning of the passage , and whether Confucius referred to all women or just certain groups of women .


Further analysis suggests , however , that women 's place in Confucian society may be more complex .


More recently , some scholars have also begun to discuss the viability of constructing a " Confucian feminism " .


The word was coined from the Latin " controversia " , as a composite of " controversus " – " turned in an opposite direction " .


He was born and died in Saalfeld , Saxony .


Early Shang dynasty thought was based upon cycles .


This mandate was said to be taken when rulers became unworthy of their position and provided a shrewd justification for Zhou rule .


During this period , archaeological evidence points to an increase in literacy and a partial shift away from the faith placed in Shangdi ( the Supreme Being in traditional Chinese religion ) , with ancestor worship becoming commonplace and a more worldly orientation coming to the fore .


This clause has been deemed to impose a requirement that United States federal courts are not permitted to hear cases that do not pose an actual controversy&mdash ; that is , an actual dispute between adverse parties which is capable of being resolved by the [ court ] .


Confucianism was and continues to be a major influence in Chinese culture , the state of China and the surrounding areas of East Asia .


Before the Han dynasty the largest rivals to Confucianism were Chinese Legalism , and Mohism .


Confucianism largely became the dominant philosophical school of China during the early Han dynasty following the replacement of its contemporary , the more Taoistic Huang-Lao .


Mohism , though initially popular due to its emphasis on brotherly love versus harsh Qin Legalism , fell out of favour during the Han Dynasty due to the efforts of Confucians in establishing their views as political orthodoxy .


For example , in analyses of the political controversy over anthropogenic climate change , which is exceptionally virulent in the United States , it has been proposed that those who are opposed to the scientific consensus do so because they do n't have enough information about the topic .


In the post-Chinese economic reform era , modern Chinese philosophy has reappeared in forms such as the " New Confucianism " .


As in Japan , philosophy in China has become a melting pot of ideas .


Chinese philosophy still carries profound influence amongst the people of East Asia , and even Southeast Asia .


It is a system of moral , social , political , and religious thought that has had tremendous influence on Chinese history , thought , and culture down to the 20th century .


The puzzling phenomenon of two individuals being able to reach different conclusions after being exposed to the same facts has been frequently explained ( particularly by Daniel Kahneman ) by reference to a ' bounded rationality ' – in other words , that most judgments are made using fast acting heuristics that work well in every day situations , but are not amenable to decision making about complex subjects such as climate change .


This high approval of Confucianism can be seen through the reverence of Confucius in modern-day China .


The major Confucian concepts include " rén " ( humanity or humaneness ) , " zhèngmíng " ( rectification of names ; e.g. a ruler who rules unjustly is no longer a ruler and may be dethroned ) , " zhōng " ( loyalty ) , " xiào " ( filial piety ) , and " li " ( ritual ) .


Confucius heavily emphasized the idea of microcosms in society ( subunits of family and community ) success 's were the foundations for a successful state or country .


Confucius believed in the use of education to further knowledge the people in ethics , societal behavior , and reverence in other humans .


Similar effects on reasoning are also seen in non-scientific controversies , for example in the gun control debate in the United States .


Philosopher Han Fei synthesized together earlier the methods of his predecessors , which famous historian Sima Tan posthumously termed Legalism .


But that of the Qin dynasty would be blamed for creating a totalitarian society , thereby experiencing decline .


In Han Fei 's philosophy the ruler possessed authority regarding reward and penalty , enacted through law .


In its early days , this theory was most strongly associated with the states of Yan and Qi .


This model allows the production of controversy to be seen as a consequence of a decision maker optimized for single-step decision making , rather than as a result of limited reasoning in the bounded rationality of Daniel Kahneman .


Buddhism brought to China the idea of many hells , where sinners went , but the deceased sinners souls could be saved by pious acts .


Neo-Confucianism developed both as a renaissance of traditional Confucian ideas , and as a reaction to the ideas of Buddhism and religious Daoism .


Neo-Confucianist philosophers like Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming are seen as the most important figures of Neo-Confucianism .


By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 , there were many calls such as the May Fourth Movement to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China .


Class B amplifiers have a very high efficiency but are impractical for audio work because of high levels of distortion ( See : Crossover distortion ) .


The influences of the past are still deeply ingrained in the Chinese culture .


It is deeply influenced by , but not identical with , the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties .


An 8.6 magnitude earthquake releases the same amount of energy as 10,000 atomic bombs like those used in World War II .


Examples are the earthquakes in Alaska ( 1957 ) , Chile ( 1960 ) , and Sumatra ( 2004 ) , all in subduction zones .


All of Byron 's other children were born out of wedlock to other women .


Another example is the strongly oblique convergent plate boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian plates where it runs through the northwestern part of the Zagros Mountains .


These seismically active areas of subduction are known as Wadati–Benioff zones .


Such earthquakes can serve as an early warning of volcanic eruptions , as during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens .


This is an example of the Gutenberg–Richter law .


He died of disease in the Greek War of Independence when Ada was eight years old .


With the rapid growth of mega-cities such as Mexico City , Tokyo and Tehran in areas of high seismic risk , some seismologists are warning that a single quake may claim the lives of up to three million people .


A Columbia University paper suggested that the 8.0 magnitude 2008 Sichuan earthquake was induced by loading from the Zipingpu Dam , though the link has not been conclusively proved .


Seismic waves travel through the Earth 's interior and can be recorded by seismometers at great distances .


By such analyses of seismograms the Earth 's core was located in 1913 by Beno Gutenberg .


Although often ill in her childhood , Ada pursued her studies assiduously .


The terrain below the Sarez Lake in Tajikistan is in danger of catastrophic flooding if the landslide dam formed by the earthquake , known as the Usoi Dam , were to fail during a future earthquake .


The ten largest recorded earthquakes have all been megathrust earthquakes ; however , of these ten , only the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is simultaneously one of the deadliest earthquakes in history .


Namazu lives in the mud beneath the earth , and is guarded by the god Kashima who restrains the fish with a stone .


The philosophy of Confucius , also known as Confucianism , emphasized personal and governmental morality , correctness of social relationships , justice , kindness , and sincerity .


Her educational and social exploits brought her into contact with scientists such as Andrew Crosse , Charles Babbage , Sir David Brewster , Charles Wheatstone , Michael Faraday and the author Charles Dickens , contacts which she used to further her education .


Confucius is widely considered as one of the most important and influential individuals in human history .


Confucius 's clan name was and his given name was .


His ancestry traced back through the dukes of Song to the Shang dynasty which had preceded the Zhou .


Confucius was born into the class of " shi " ( ) , between the aristocracy and the common people .


Ada described her approach as " poetical science " and herself as an " Analyst ( & Metaphysician ) " .


Under the duke were three aristocratic families , whose heads bore the title of viscount and held hereditary positions in the Lu bureaucracy .


Thus , that year ( 501 BC ) , Confucius came to be appointed to the minor position of governor of a town .


Confucius ordered two officers to lead an assault against the rebels .


Thus , Confucius could not achieve the idealistic reforms that he wanted including restoration of the legitimate rule of the duke .


Aside from an acrimonious separation , Lady Byron continued throughout her life to make allegations about her husband 's immoral behaviour .


Confucianism discusses elements of the afterlife and views concerning Heaven , but it is relatively unconcerned with some spiritual matters often considered essential to religious thought , such as the nature of souls .


However , Confucius is said to have believed in astrology , saying : " Heaven sends down its good or evil symbols and wise men act accordingly " .


In the " Analects " , Confucius presents himself as a " transmitter who invented nothing " .


He puts the greatest emphasis on the importance of study , and it is the Chinese character for study ( ) that opens the text .


However , because of societal attitudes of the time - which favoured the husband in any separation , with the welfare of any child acting as mitigation - Lady Byron had to present herself as a loving mother to the rest of society .


Confucius serves not as an all-powerful deity or a universally true set of abstract principles , but rather the ultimate model for others .


Confucius believed that if a ruler is to lead correctly , by action , that orders would be unnecessary in that others will follow the proper actions of their ruler .


Confucius believed in ruling by example , if you lead correctly , orders by force or punishment are not necessary .


Confucius 's teachings were later turned into an elaborate set of rules and practices by his numerous disciples and followers , who organized his teachings into the Analects .


Ada Byron had an affair with a tutor in early 1833 .


Two of Confucius 's most famous later followers emphasized radically different aspects of his teachings .


In time , their writings , together with the " Analects " and other core texts came to constitute the philosophical corpus of Confucianism .


Under Wudi , the works of Confucius were made the official imperial philosophy and required reading for civil service examinations in 140 BC which was continued nearly unbroken until the end of the 19th century .


Modern historians view Zhu Xi as having created something rather different and call his way of thinking " Neo-Confucianism " .


Allegra died in 1822 at the age of five .


Confucius began teaching after he turned 30 , and taught more than 3,000 students in his life , about 70 of whom were considered outstanding .


The Han dynasty historian Sima Qian dedicated a chapter in his " Records of the Grand Historian " to the biographies of Confucius 's disciples , accounting for the influence they exerted in their time and afterward .


22 of them are mentioned in the " Analects " , while the " Mencius " records 24 .


Confucius did not charge any tuition , and only requested a symbolic gift of a bundle of dried meat from any prospective student .


Other acquaintances included the scientists Andrew Crosse , Sir David Brewster , Charles Wheatstone , Michael Faraday and the author Charles Dickens .


Confucius 's favorite disciple was Yan Hui , most probably one of the most impoverished of them all .


Even though Confucius denounced them for their practices , the aristocracy was likely attracted to the idea of having trustworthy officials who were studied in morals as the circumstances of the time made it desirable .


No contemporary painting or sculpture of Confucius survives , and it was only during the Han Dynasty that he was portrayed visually .


Carvings often depict his legendary meeting with Laozi .


She was presented at Court at the age of seventeen " and became a popular belle of the season " in part because of her " brilliant mind .


In other temples , Confucius is represented by a memorial tablet .


Soon after Confucius 's death , Qufu , his home town , became a place of devotion and remembrance .


Confucius 's descendants were repeatedly identified and honored by successive imperial governments with titles of nobility and official posts .


The southern branch remained in Quzhou where they live to this day .


In 1843 – 44 , Ada 's mother assigned William Benjamin Carpenter to teach Ada 's children and to act as a " moral " instructor for Ada .


Many descendants of Confucius still live in Qufu today .


The father-to-son family tree , now in its 83rd generation , has been recorded since the death of Confucius .


Among other things , this would allow scientists to identify a common Y chromosome in male descendants of Confucius .


If the descent were truly unbroken , father-to-son , since Confucius 's lifetime , the males in the family would all have the same Y chromosome as their direct male ancestor , with slight mutations due to the passage of time .


On 27 February 1841 , Ada wrote to her mother : " I am not in the least " astonished " .


The Emperor is also the head of all national Japanese orders , decorations , medals , and awards .


Naruhito is the current Emperor of Japan .


The role of the Emperor of Japan has historically alternated between a largely ceremonial symbolic role and that of an actual imperial ruler .


Japanese emperors have nearly always been controlled by external political forces , to varying degrees .


" In the 1840 s , Ada flirted with scandals : firstly , from a relaxed approach to extra-marital relationships with men , leading to rumours of affairs ; and secondly , from her love of gambling .


Earlier , emperors resided in Kyoto ( the ancient capital ) for nearly eleven centuries .


The emperor is also not the commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Forces .


It also stipulates that " the advice and approval of the Cabinet shall be required for all acts of the Emperor in matters of state " ( Article 3 ) .


The latter ceremony opens ordinary and extra sessions of the Diet .


As part of her research into this project , she visited the electrical engineer Andrew Crosse in 1844 to learn how to carry out electrical experiments .


The emperors from Emperor Keiko to Emperor Ingyo ( 376 – 453 AD ) are considered as perhaps factual .


However , every shogun from the Minamoto , Ashikaga , and Tokugawa families had to be officially recognized by the emperors , who were still the source of sovereignty , although they could not exercise their powers independently from the shogunate .


Until recent centuries , Japan 's territory did not include several remote regions of its modern-day territory .


The name " Nippon " came into use only many centuries after the start of the current imperial line .


Her work was well received at the time ; the scientist Michael Faraday described himself as a supporter of her writing .


The role of the emperor as head of the State Shinto religion was exploited during the war , creating an Imperial cult that led to kamikaze bombers and other manifestations of fanaticism .


In State Shinto , the emperor was believed to be an " arahitogami " ( a living god ) .


Traditionally , the Japanese considered it disrespectful to call any person by his given name , and more so for a person of noble rank .


Originally , the ruler of Japan was known as either / ( " Yamato-ōkimi " , Grand King of Yamato ) , / ( " Wa-ō " / " Wakoku-ō " , King of Wa , used externally ) or ( " Ame-no-shita shiroshimesu ōkimi " or " Sumera no mikoto " , Grand King who rules all under heaven , used internally ) in Japanese and Chinese sources before the 7th century .


The Ada Initiative was a non-profit organisation dedicated to increasing the involvement of women in the free culture and open source movements .