If Paulsen asserts a claim against Dow for his injuries, will Paulsen prevail?
No, because Dow was not responsible for Paulsen's condition. 
No, because Dow knew that Paulsen was substantially certain to sustain serious injury
Yes, if the jurisdiction relieves physicians of malpractice liability for emergency first aid. 
Yes, if a reasonably prudent person with Dow's experience, training, and knowledge would have assisted Paulsen. 