Since the 1930s, spinal manipulation under anesthesia has been reported in the published medical literature. Within the existing base of studies are some reports of positive results. However, it appears that as part of the evolution of the procedure, the medical literature reveals many variations in the type of sedatives/medications used, [B manipulation technique, the number of MUA sessions employed, [D the span of time between procedure doses (if administered in series), and the types and breadth of application of post-MUA adjunctive and/or rehabilitative measures.