A dieresis may also be used in a like fashion, either to separate and mark off monographs (as in "coöperation") or to signalize a vocalic terminal e (for example, "Brontë"). This use of the dieresis peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but it was never applied extensively across the language: only a handful of diereses, including "coöperation", and "Brontë", are encountered with any appreciable frequency in English, thus seldom "reëxamine", "reïterate", "deëmphasize". In borrowings from Modern French, whose orthography utilizes the dieresis as a means to differentiate graphemes, various English dictionaries list the dieresis as optional (as in "naive" and "naïve") despite the juxtaposition of a and i.