With a cost of $72–80 million per Typhoon submarine overhaul and refit, refitted decommissioned Typhoon submarines, which, after overhaul and refit, would have a modified ice breaking bow capable of breaking ice up to thick in seawater and up to in the freshwater mouth of the Yenisei, were thought to be able to transport up to 12,000 tonnes of supplies and nickel between Dudinka and either Murmansk or Arkhangelsk. The Murmansk Shipping Company (MMP or MSCO) () had been providing icebreakig services at a charge of US$11.35 per tonne of cargo (in 2000). Three submarines, which would be needed for the project to be feasible, would be undergoing refit and overhaul between 2000 and 2003.