Bintan may have seen many rulers during this time, as the three parties grew and declined in power. Subsequently, the Portuguese attacked Johor in 1587. The battle, known as the Siege of Johor, resulted in the Portuguese emerging victorious. The forces of Johor were incapable of preventing the heavy Portuguese infantry from landing and storming the city after a naval bombardment, and its Sultan was forced to retreat into the jungle in a rout. The Portuguese captured ample spoils, which included over 1000 cannon, the great majority of them of small caliber, 1500 firearms, and burned upwards to 2000 craft of many sizes. Following the attack, Dom Pedro de Lima (brother of Dom Paulo de Lima) also sacked Bintan, then a vassal of Johor.