A 1982 article in the journal "Arctic" based on 1979 studies of the Pond Inlet ice edge, observed the behaviours of Northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), thick billed murres (Uria lomvia), and black guillemots (Cepphus grylle), narwhals (Monodon monoceros), white whales (Delphinapterus leucas), arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), and ringed seals (Phoca hispida). Reseachers found that both ringed seals and arctic cod preferred landfast ice and that the arctic cod that remained close to the undersurface of landfast ice, were larger and older than those offshore.