Inflation, filming techniques and external market forces affect the economics of film production. Costs rose steadily during the silent era with "" (1925) setting a record that lasted well into the sound era. Television had an impact on rising costs in the 1950s and early 1960s as cinema competed with it for audiences, culminating in 1963 with "Cleopatra"; despite being the highest earning film of the year, "Cleopatra" did not earn back its costs on its original release. The 1990s saw two thresholds crossed, with "True Lies" costing $100 million in 1994 and "Titanic" costing $200 million in 1997, both directed by James Cameron. Since then it has become normal for a tent-pole feature from a major film studio to cost over $100 million and an increasing number of films are costing $200 million or more.