German Township is on the western edge of Fayette County, bordered on the west by the Monongahela River. To the north are Luzerne and Redstone townships, to the northeast is Menallen Township, to the east is South Union Township, to the southeast is Georges Township, and to the south is Nicholson Township, all in Fayette County. To the west across the river are Monongahela and Cumberland townships in Greene County. The borough of Masontown is in the southwest corner of the township but is a separate municipality.