In 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and souring Sino-American relations, the number of students from mainland China being granted an F-1 visa dropped 99% compared to the previous year. More broadly, a survey of over 700 institutions of higher learning revealed that the number of foreign students matriculating in the U.S. fell 43%. But before the pandemic, the Trump administration, well known for its tough stance on immigration, has introduced new guidelines restricting the number of people who qualified for and the expiration date of student visas as well as the H1-B visa program.