A polarizing figure, Garvey was both revered and reviled. Grant noted that views on him divided largely between two camps, one portraying him as a charlatan and the other as a saint; similarly, Cronon noted that Garvey was varyingly perceived as "strident demagogue or dedicated prophet, martyred visionary or fabulous con man". Martin noted that by the time Garvey returned to Jamaica in the 1920s, he was "just about the best known Black man in the whole world". The size and scope of UNIA has also attracted attention; Mark Christian described Garvey as the leader of "the largest Black mass movement in modern history," while John Henrik Clarke termed it "the first Black mass protest crusade in the history of the United States". Garvey's ideas influenced many black people who never became paying members of UNIA, with Graves noting that "more than anything else Garvey gave Negroes self- assertion and self-reliance."