Teachers or any other staff also cannot be forced to participate in the pledge. In the case of "Lane v. Owens", three teachers and six students sued the Colorado state government over a 2003 law requiring daily recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance by students and teachers. Granting the plaintiffs a temporary restraining order, U.S. District Judge Lewis Babcock said: "It doesn't matter whether you're a teacher, a student, a citizen, an administrator, or anyone else, it is beyond the power of the authority of government to compel the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance". Colorado subsequently (2004) amended the law to remove the requirement to recite the Pledge.