Manovich has been working with computer media as an artist, computer animator, designer, and programmer since 1984. His art projects include "Little Movies", the first digital film project designed for the Web (1994-1997), "Freud-Lissitzky Navigator", a conceptual software for navigating twentieth century history (1999), and "Anna and Andy", a streaming novel (2000). He is also well known for his insightful articles, including "New Media from Borges to HTML" (2001) and "Database as Symbolic Form" (1998). In the latter article, he explains reasons behind the popularity of databases, while juxtaposing it to concepts such as algorithms and narrative. His works have been included in many key international exhibitions of new media art. In 2002 ICA in London he presented his mini-retrospective under the title "Lev Manovich: Adventures of Digital Cinema".