Later Portuguese use of the name "Lusitania" (and derived words) – primarily figurative, poetic, or historical – is parallel to the use of "Gallia" in France, "Britannia" in England, "Caledonia" in Scotland, "Hibernia" in Ireland, "Batavia" in the Netherlands, "Helvetia" in Switzerland, and "Germania" and "Alemannia" in Germany (called "Deutschland" in its own inhabitants' language). Belgium derived its present name from the Roman Belgica. This attachment to ancient Roman placenames was long used to maintain a "Roman connection" as a means of protecting respectability and legitimacy in political systems dominated by the Roman Catholic church and the (primarily Frankish and later German) Holy Roman Empire, which used Latin as an official language, while Latin remained the written language of the educated class until the early modern era. In the case of Portugal, use of "Luso-", "Lusitan-", and other such derivatives are attested, for example, in the first Portuguese dictionary, "Dictionarium ex Lusitanico in Latinum Sermonem", published in 1569, and the epic poem "Os Lusíadas", published in 1572. This sort of connection to Classical Antiquity by use of evocative language saw an increase with the rise of Romanticism in the arts during the 19th century. Another Roman-revival term available to the Portuguese is "Iberian" and "Iberio-", but since it refers to the entire Iberian Peninsula, it is used also by and in reference to the Spanish, and thus is less specific."