In the years previous to 1970, Hollywood had begun to cater to the younger generation with films such as "The Graduate". This proved a folly when anti-war films like "R. P. M." and "The Strawberry Statement" became major box-office flops. Even solid films with bankable stars, like the Pearl Harbor epic "Tora! Tora! Tora!", flopped, leaving studios in dire straits financially. Unable to repay financiers, studios began selling off land, furniture, clothing, and sets acquired over years of production. Nostalgic fans bid on merchandise and collectibles ranging from Judy Garland's sparkling red shoes to MGM's own back lots.