The revival of craft brewing dates from the early 1980s, according to Ian Coutts, in his book "Brew North: How Canadians Made Beer and Beer Made Canada" as a result of disparate and random factors. The factors included an article in May/June 1978 issue of "Harrowsmith" magazine by a former O'Keefe employee decrying the state of the business, the creation of the Campaign for Real Ale in the United Kingdom, the revival of smaller brewers in the United States beginning with Anchor Brewing in 1965, the 1981 deregulation of beer prices in British Columbia by minister Peter Hyndman and the resulting price hikes by the "Big Three". In June 1982, the Horseshoe Bay Brewery in West Vancouver opened, creating one of Canada's first microbreweries.