Notably, the reference had the effect of damaging the reputation of the judicial system. The outcome affecting remuneration has been seen as being motivated by greed. As one academic wrote, the judiciary's "integrity has been tarnished by the perception of self-interest and bias". This author also claimed that a resulting 35% raise for federal judges has led to burdensome taxes. Another scholar wrote that the reference "demonstrates that judges can be audacious, greedy and jealous". This scholar said judges' standard of living prior to the reference was already good, and that provincial judges only seemed to want the same pay as federal judges.