Local officials, the "Selbstschutz", and the "Hilfspolizei" (Auxiliary Police) played a key role in rounding up and massacring Jewish Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians. These groups helped the "Einsatzgruppen" and other killing units to quickly identify Jews. The "Hilfspolizei", consisting of auxiliary police organised by the Germans and recruited from former Latvian Army and police officers, ex-"Aizsargi", members of the Pērkonkrusts, and university students, assisted in the murder of Latvia's Jewish citizens. Similar units were created elsewhere, and provided much of the manpower for the Holocaust in Eastern Europe.