"Secondary recrystallization" occurs when a certain very small number of {110}<001> (Goss) grains grow selectively, about one in 106 primary grains, at the expense of many other primary recrystallized grains. This results in abnormal grain growth, which may be beneficial or detrimental for product material properties. The mechanism of secondary recrystallization is a small and uniform primary grain size, achieved through the inhibition of normal grain growth by fine precipitates called inhibitors. Goss grains are named in honor of Norman P. Goss, the inventor of grain-oriented electrical steel circa 1934.