In a 1923 case, "Frye v. United States", 293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir. 1923), the D.C. Circuit held that evidence could be admitted in court only if "the thing from which the deduction is made" is "sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in the particular field in which it belongs." "Frye" dealt with a systolic blood pressure deception test, a "crude precursor" to the polygraph. In 1923, this blood pressure test was not widely accepted among scientists, and so the "Frye" court ruled it could not be used in court. Over the years, scholars disputed the proper scope and application of the "Frye" test.