In North America, the plant offers no known wildlife benefits and is toxic to larvae of certain rarer butterfly species (e.g. "Pieris oleracea" and "Pieris virginiensis") that lay eggs on the plants, as it is related to native mustards but creates chemicals that they are not adapted to. Native species, including two stem-mining weevils, a stem-mining fly, a leaf-mining fly, a scale insect, two fungi, and aphids (taxonomic identification for all species is pending) were found attacking garlic mustard in North America. However, their attacks were of little consequence to plant performance or reproduction of garlic mustard.