The Black Crook is a work of musical theatre first produced, with great success, in New York in 1866. Many theatre writers have identified "The Black Crook" as the first popular piece that conforms to the modern notion of a musical, while others regard this conclusion "as something of a joke". The book is by Charles M. Barras (1826–1873). The music, selected and arranged by Thomas Baker, consists mostly of adaptations, but it included some new songs composed for the piece, notably "You Naughty, Naughty Men". The story is a Faustian melodramatic romantic comedy, but the production became famous for its spectacular special effects and skimpy costumes.