To enter university, students are, as a rule, required to have passed the "Abitur" examination; since 2009, however, those with a "Meisterbrief" (master craftsman's diploma) have also been able to apply. Those wishing to attend a "university of applied sciences" must, as a rule, have "Abitur", "Fachhochschulreife", or a "Meisterbrief". If lacking those qualifications, pupils are eligible to enter a university or university of applied sciences if they can present additional proof that they will be able to keep up with their fellow students through a "Begabtenprüfung" or "Hochbegabtenstudium" (which is a test confirming excellence and above average intellectual ability).