The "out of Africa" migration of "Homo sapiens" took place in at least two waves, the first around 130,000 to 100,000 years ago, the second (Southern Dispersal) around 70,000 to 50,000 years ago, resulting in the colonization of Australia around 65–50,000 years ago, This recent out of Africa migration derived from East African populations, which had become separated from populations migrating to Southern, Central and Western Africa at least 100,000 years earlier. Modern humans subsequently spread globally, replacing archaic humans (either through competition or hybridization). By the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period (50,000 BP), and likely significantly earlier behavioral modernity, including language, music and other cultural universals had developed. They inhabited Eurasia and Oceania by 40,000 years ago, and the Americas at least 14,500 years ago.