However, no agreement could be reached over who would perform the refit and overhaul of the submarines, nor who would own and control the submarines (Defense, MMP, or Nornickel), nor who would pay for the cost of the overhaul and refit which Anatoly Gorshkovsky, the head of the Northern Sea Route administration in the Russian Ministry of Transport, suggested to Interfax that the state (either a Russian Federal Ministry or Defense), MMP, and Nornickel should all contribute funds. There is no agreement between the United States and Russia to use United States-built submarines nor to use nuclear-powered submarines for transporting supplies.