Treatment of bacterial osteomyelitis often involves both antimicrobials and surgery. In those with poor blood flow, amputation may be required. Treatment of the relatively rare fungal osteomyelitis as mycetoma infections entails antifungal medications. In contrast to bacterial osteomyelitis, amputation or large bony resections is a more common fate of neglected fungal osteomyelitis namely mycetoma where infections of the foot account for the majority of cases. Treatment outcomes of bacterial osteomyelitis are generally good when the condition has only been present a short time. About 2.4 per 100,000 people are affected a year. The young and old are more commonly affected. Males are more commonly affected than females. The condition was described at least as early as the 300s BC by Hippocrates. Before the availability of antibiotics the risk of death was significant.