The text was translated to Arabic as "Kitab Shah Shun al-Hindi"' in Arabic, also known as "Kitab i-Susurud", in Baghdad during the early 8th century at the instructions of a member of the Barmakid family of Baghdad. Yahya ibn Barmak facilitated a major effort at collecting and translating Sanskrit texts such as Vagbhata's "Astangahrdaya Samhita", Ravigupta's "Siddhasara" and Sushruta Samhita. The Arabic translation reached Europe by the end of the medieval period. There is some evidence that in Renaissance Italy, the Branca family of Sicily and Gasparo Tagliacozzi (Bologna) were familiar with the rhinoplastic techniques mentioned in the "Sushruta Samhita".