F. L. Lucas opposes, therefore, the use of words like "purification" and "cleansing" to translate "catharsis"; he proposes that it should rather be rendered as "purgation". "It is the human soul that is purged of its excessive passions." Gerald F. Else made the following argument against the "purgation" theory: It presupposes that we come to the tragic drama (unconsciously, if you will) as patients to be cured, relieved, restored to psychic health. But there is not a word to support this in the "Poetics", not a hint that the end of drama is to cure or alleviate pathological states. On the contrary it is evident in every line of the work that Aristotle is presupposing "normal" auditors, normal states of mind and feeling, normal emotional and aesthetic experience.