The Treaty of Versailles severely limited Germany's industrial output. The German Army ("Reichsheer") was restricted to 100,000 men, and its military production was greatly reduced. However, the treaty did not diminish Germany's place as a leader in military innovation, and many industrial firms still retained the machinery and technology to produce military hardware. Therefore, to circumvent the treaty's restrictions, the industrial firms formed partnerships with foreign nations, such as Russia and Argentina, to produce weapons and sell them legally. As the Chinese government did not sign the Treaty of Versailles, a separate peace treaty was concluded in 1921.