The Plus/4 also suffered serious reliability problems due to the all-in-one TED chip, which was one of the first ICs developed after Commodore switched from NMOS to the newer HMOS process and had not fully worked out all the manufacturing glitches with HMOS fabrication. Having sound, graphics, and I/O performed by a single IC resulted in the TED generating too much heat and destroying itself. A heat sink must be attached to the chip to prevent this from happening. The 8501 CPU, also made with HMOS, had reliability issues as well, especially early production units. Autofire-capable joysticks and improperly constructed 9-pin adapters have also been blamed for damaging TED chips. The C16 had fewer reliability problems than the Plus/4 due to a simpler design with fewer ICs and lower heat output, as well as more room inside the case for heat to disperse.