Late 9th-century sources mentioned the Avars, the Bavarians, the Bulgarians, the Danubian Slavs, the Gepids and the Moravians among the peoples inhabiting the Carpathian Basin. Anonymus did not mention the Avars, the Bavarians, the Gepids and the Moravians, but he listed the Czechs, the Greeks, the Khazars, the "Romans" and their shepherds, the Székelys, and the Vlachs besides the Bulgarians and the Slavs. According to Györffy and Madgearu, Anonymus may have based his list of the peoples inhabiting the Carpathian Basin on the local Slavs' oral tradition which was preserved in the early 12th-century "Russian Primary Chronicle". The latter source described the Slavs as the first settlers in the Carpathian Basin and mentioned that they were conquered by the ""Volokhi"" before the Hungarians arrived and expelled the "Volokhi". According to Györffy, Kristó and other historians, Anonymus misinterpreted his source when identifying the "Volokhi" with the Vlachs, because the "Volokhi" were actually Franks who occupied Pannonia, but the Hungarians expelled them during the Conquest. But Spinei, Pop and other historians write that "Russian Primary Chronicle" confirms Anonymus's report of the Hungarians' fight against the Vlachs. Madgearu, who does not associate the "Volokhi" with the Vlachs, emphasizes that Anonymous "had no interest to invent the presence of the in Transylvania in the 10th century, because if [Vlachs had indeed arrived there in the 12th century, his readers would not have believed this assertion". Györffy says that the Vlachs, Cumans, Czechs and other peoples whose presence in the late-9th-century Carpathian Basin cannot be proven based on sources from the same period reflects the situation of the late 13th century.