The system of twelve and has remained nearly the same as it was codified by the music masters of the nineteenth century, in particular Mîrzā Abdollāh Farāhāni (1843–1918). No new or large has been devised since that codification. When in the modern times an āvāz" or a has been developed, it has almost always been through borrowings from the extant and , rather than through unqualified invention. From this remarkable stability one may infer that the system must have achieved "canonical" status in Iran.