Even when not directly quoting themes from related films, Elfman will often pay homage through established musical gesture or tonality, for example Howard Shore's "The Silence of the Lambs" for "Red Dragon", Brad Fiedel's music for the "Terminator" franchise for "Terminator Salvation", Robert Cobert's original television series music for "Dark Shadows," and Alan Silvestri's work on "The Avengers" for the sequel "". Notable exceptions are Tim Burton's "Batman", "Planet of the Apes" and "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory," which do not make musical reference to pre existing material.