Regarding the pronunciation of the phoneme , the articulation in most of Mexico is velar , as in ('box'). However, in some (but not all) dialects of southern Mexico, the normal articulation is glottal (as it is in most dialects of the Caribbean, the Pacific Coast, the Canary Islands, and most of Andalusia and Extremadura in Spain). Thus, in these dialects, , and are respectively pronounced , , and . In dialects of Oaxaca, much of Chiapas and the southern Highland and interior regions, the pronunciation of is uvular . This is identical to the Mayan pronunciation of the dorsal fricative which, unlike the Spanish romanization , in Mayan languages is commonly represented orthographically by . (In Spanish spelling before the 16th century, the letter represented ; historical shifts have moved this articulation to the back of the mouth in all varieties of the language except Judaeo-Spanish.)