In his 1989 book "Wonderful Life", Stephen Jay Gould argued that if one could "rewind the tape of life the same conditions were encountered again, evolution could take a very different course". Simon Conway Morris disputes this conclusion, arguing that convergence is a dominant force in evolution, and given that the same environmental and physical constraints are at work, life will inevitably evolve toward an "optimum" body plan, and at some point, evolution is bound to stumble upon intelligence, a trait presently identified with at least primates, corvids, and cetaceans.