Jack Shaheen, in his book "Reel Bad Arabs", surveyed more than 900 film appearances of Arab characters. Of those, only a dozen were positive and 50 were balanced. Shaheen writes that "stereotypes are deeply ingrained in American cinema. From 1896 until today, filmmakers have collectively indicted all Arabs as Public Enemy #1 – brutal, heartless, uncivilized religious fanatics and money-mad cultural "others" bent on terrorizing civilized Westerners, especially [Christians and Much has happened since 1896 ... Throughout it all, Hollywood's caricature of the [Arab has prowled the silver screen. He is there to this day – repulsive and unrepresentative as ever."