The role of the Canadian Crown in the Canadian Armed Forces is established through both constitutional and statutory law. The Constitution Act, 1867 declares that Command-in-Chief of those forces is "to continue and be vested in the Queen", and the National Defence Act states that "the Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada". As the sovereign's representative, the Governor General of Canada carries out the duties and bears the title of Commander-in-Chief on the monarch's behalf. Since Canadian Confederation, three members of the Royal Family (apart from the sovereign) have been titled as Commander-in-Chief: the Duke of Argyll (1871–1883), Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1911–1916), and the Earl of Athlone (1940–1946).