While Muslim scholars like Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf stated that the "jizya" tax should be paid by Non-Muslims ("Kuffar") regardless of their religion, some later and more extremist Muslim jurists did not permit Non-Muslims to pay the "jizya". Instead, they only allowed Non-Muslims to avoid death by choosing to convert to Islam. Of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence, the Hanafi and Maliki schools allow polytheists to be granted "dhimmi" status, except Arab polytheists. However, the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools only consider Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians to be eligible to belong to the "dhimmi" category.