A form of gouache, with honey or tragacanth gum as binder, is used in Ancient Egyptian painting. It is also used in European illuminated manuscripts, as well as Persian miniatures. Although they are often described as "watercolor", Persian miniatures and Mughal miniatures are predominantly examples of gouache. The term gouache, derived from the Italian "guazzo", also refers to paintings using this opaque method. "Guazzo", Italian for "mud", was originally a term applied to the early 16th-century practice of applying oil paint over a tempera base, which could give a matted effect. In the 18th century in France, the term "gouache" was applied to opaque watermedia.