Common to these tales, Gutowski says, is the recurring motif of the quest for the mythical animal, often a monster. The same motif, he notes, appears in American novels such as "Moby Dick" and "Old Man and the Sea" and in monster movies such as "King Kong" and "Jaws" and in world literature such as "Beowulf". The monster motif also appears in tales of contemporary places outside the United States, such as Scotland, with its Loch Ness Monster. What is not global, Gutowski says, is the embrace of local monster tales by American communities that put them to use through "public relations hoaxes, boisterous boosterism, and carnival atmosphere... ".