Radicalization (or radicalisation) is the process by which an individual or group comes to adopt increasingly views in opposition to a political, social, or religious status quo. The ideas of society at large shape the outcomes of radicalization; for example, radical movements can originate from a broad social consensus "against" progressive changes in society or from a broad desire "for" change in society. Radicalization can result in both violent and nonviolent action - most academic literature focuses on radicalization into violent extremism (RVE). Multiple separate pathways can promote the process of radicalization, which can be independent but are usually mutually reinforcing.