The first poems were published in the "Scots Observer" in the first half of 1890, and collected in "Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses" in 1892. Kipling later returned to the theme in a group of poems collected in "The Seven Seas" under the same title. A third group of vernacular Army poems from the Boer War, titled "Service Songs" and published in "The Five Nations" (1903), can be considered part of the Ballads, as can a number of other uncollected pieces.