This unrelieved crisis deepened discontent in Hungarian society, even among the political elite. The opposition demanded extension of the franchise, introduction of primary elections and the secret ballot, and more effective protection of wage earners, while the agrarian lobby demanded extension of markets and protection of farmers. These groups turned against the Prime Minister when they saw no actual results, and these failures led Bethlen to call for Károlyi's resignation in September 1932. Károlyi gladly followed this advice, as he had been hesitant from the first to be prime minister. He resigned on 21 September 1932, returning to his lands, and was succeeded by Gyula Gömbös.