Ghil'ad Zuckermann argues that the cross-lingual retention of grammatical gender can change not only the lexis of the target language but also its morphology. For example, gender can indirectly influence the productivity of noun-patterns in what he calls the "Israeli" language: the Israeli neologism מברשת "mivréshet" "brush" is fitted into the "feminine" noun-pattern "mi⌂⌂é⌂et" (each ⌂ represents a slot where a radical is inserted) because of the feminine gender of the matched words for "brush" such as Arabic "mábrasha", Yiddish "barsht", Russian "shchëtka", Polish "kiść’" (painting brush) and "szczotka", German "Bürste" and French "brosse", all feminine.