Partridge held local offices in Proctor, including town clerk and school board member. When Redfield Proctor served as Secretary of War from 1889 to 1890, Partridge served as his private secretary. Partridge's connection to a powerful cabinet member who later served in the U.S. Senate led to several appointments, including Solicitor of the Department of State from 1890 to 1893, United States Ambassador to Venezuela from 1893 to 1894, and U.S. Consul in Tangier, Morocco from 1897 to 1898. From 1898 to 1900, Partridge served in the Vermont Senate.