In the 1975 book "Limits to medicine: Medical nemesis" (1975), Ivan Illich put forth one of the earliest uses of the term "medicalization". Illich, a philosopher, argued that the medical profession harms people through iatrogenesis, a process in which illness and social problems increase due to medical intervention. Illich saw iatrogenesis occurring on three levels: the "clinical", involving serious side effects worse than the original condition; the "social", whereby the general public is made docile and reliant on the medical profession to cope with life in their society; and the "structural", whereby the idea of aging and dying as medical illnesses effectively "medicalized" human life and left individuals and societies less able to deal with these "natural" processes.