During the creation of the cabinet of Wilhelm Cuno in November 1922, Luther was offered the "Reichswirtschaftsministerium" (Economic Affairs) and the "Reichsinnenministerium" (Interior) but he refused both. However, on 1 December 1922 he took over the "Reichsministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft" (food and agriculture). His predecessor, Karl Müller had been forced to resign after only three days in office due to allegations about connections to Rhenish separatists. Luther remained in this office in the cabinet of Gustav Stresemann, focussing on ensuring food supplies for those groups of the population hardest hit by inflation.