British coins, as well as those of the Empire and the Commonwealth, routinely included the abbreviated title "Ind. Imp.". Coins in India, on the other hand, were stamped with the word "empress", and later "king-emperor". When India became independent in 1947, all coining dies had to be changed, which took up to a year and created some problems. Canadian coins, for example, were minted well into 1948 but stamped "1947", the new year's issue indicated by a small maple leaf in one corner. The title appeared on coinage in the United Kingdom throughout 1948.