Shanghai is an international center of research and development and is ranked 5th globally and 2nd in the whole Asia and the Pacific (after Beijing) by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index. It is also a major center of higher education in China. By the end of 2019, Shanghai had 64 universities and colleges, 929 secondary schools, 698 primary schools, and 31 special schools. A number of China's most prestigious universities entering the global university rankings are based in Shanghai, including Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tongji University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, East China University of Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and Shanghai International Studies University. These universities were selected as "985 universities" or "211 universities" by the Chinese government in order to build world-class universities.