Daniel Jones noted for RP that some speakers had a phonemic contrast between a long and a short , which he wrote as and , respectively. Thus, in "An outline of English phonetics" (1962, ninth edition, Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons) he noted that "sad", "bad" generally had but "lad", "pad" had . In his pronouncing dictionary, he recorded several minimal pairs, for example "bad" , "bade" (also pronounced ). He noted that for some speakers, "jam" actually represented two different pronunciations, one pronounced meaning 'fruit conserve', the other meaning 'crush, wedging'. Later editions of this dictionary, edited by Alfred C. Gimson, dropped this distinction.