Many scientists, magicians, and skeptics have suggested possible ways in which Geller could have tricked his audience by using misdirection techniques. These critics, who include Richard Feynman, James Randi, and Martin Gardner, have accused him of using his demonstrations fraudulently outside the entertainment business. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman, who was an amateur magician, wrote in "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!" (1985) that Geller was unable to bend a key for him and his son. Some of his claims have been described by watchmakers as simply restarting a stopped mechanical clock by moving it around.