During the 2002 presidential elections, the nightly news bulletin "Newshour" gave extensive coverage to the rallies of the ruling party, amounting to a quarter of airtime. In 2003, a study conducted by the Media Monitoring Project of Zimbabwe (MMPZ) in 2003 showed that one of the propaganda jingles, "Rambai Makashinga" or "Continue Persevering", was being played 288 times a day on the four ZBC radio stations, and 72 times a day on ZBC television. In 2008, it found that 90 per cent of the ZBC's bulletins during the March elections were devoted to positive coverage of ZANU-PF, while in both the March and June elections, it dedicated 200 hours of coverage to ZANU-PF but just over 16 to the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), most of which was negative.