Vermigli published an account of his disputation with Oxford Catholics over the Eucharist in 1549, along with a treatise further explaining his position. The disputation largely dealt with the doctrine of transubstantiation, which Vermigli strongly opposed, but the treatise was able to put forward Vermigli's own Eucharistic theology. Vermigli's Eucharistic views, as expressed in the disputation and treatise, were influential in the changes to the "Book of Common Prayer" of 1552. Vermigli weighed in again on Eucharistic controversy in England in 1559. His "Defense Against Gardiner" was in reply to Stephen Gardiner's 1552 and 1554 "Confutatio Cavillationum", itself a reply to the late Thomas Cranmer's work. At 821 folio pages, it was the longest work on the subject published during the Reformation period.