"Romanticism". Romantics saw humans as essentially divided in "national" or "ethnic" groups. The German philosopher Herder encouraged Germans to be proud of their origins, their language and their national characteristics or national "genius". Romantics longed for small, virtuous and "pure" communities in remote and cold places: Switzerland, North Germany and Scotland. When considering the past, their natural choice was Greece. The Philhellenic movement led to new archaeological discoveries as well as contributed to the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman empire. Most Philhellenes were Romantics and Protestants.