The contemporary vocal pedagogy instructor Bill Martin seconds the view that the change from chest voice to head voice occurs at around E4 in all voices, including the bass, but Martin states in the coloratura soprano it is more likely to occur at F4. A recent book by a former teacher at Oberlin College Conservatory of Music and a vocal pedagogy teacher, Richard Miller, states that in the "tenore lirico" the higher part of the singing voice above the secondo passaggio at G4 extending upwards is referred to as "full voice in head," or "voce piena in testa", effectively stating the head register begins at G4 in the "tenore lirico," not at E4. According to Singing For Dummies, the bass changes from chest voice into middle voice around A3 or A3 below Middle C and changes into his head voice around D4 or C4 above Middle C.