The vowel signs "ā", "i", "ī" are placed to the right of a consonant letter to which it is attached. The vowel signs "e", "ē", "ai" are placed to the left of a consonant letter. The vowel signs "o" and "ō" consist of two parts: the first part goes to the left of a consonant letter and the second part goes to the right of it. In the reformed orthography, the vowel signs "u", "ū", "r̥" are simply placed to the right of the consonant letter, while they often make consonant-vowel ligatures in the traditional orthography.