Ahimsa is one of the cardinal virtues of Jainism, where it is first of the Pancha Mahavrata. It is also the first of the five precepts of Buddhism. "Ahimsa" is a multidimensional concept, inspired by the premise that all living beings have the spark of the divine spiritual energy; therefore, to hurt another being is to hurt oneself. "Ahimsa" has also been related to the notion that any violence has karmic consequences. While ancient scholars of Hinduism pioneered and refined the principles of "Ahimsa", the concept also reached an extraordinary development in the ethical philosophy of Jainism. Lord Parsvanatha, the twenty-third "tirthankara" of Jainism, revived and preached the concept of non-violence in the 8th century BCE. Mahavira, the twenty-fourth and the last "tirthankara" further strengthened the idea in the 6th century BCE. Perhaps the most popular advocate of the principle of "Ahimsa" was Mahatma Gandhi.