According to the "Klētorologion" of 899, the Byzantine "Caesar"s insignia were a crown without a cross, and the ceremony of a "Caesar"s creation (in this case dating to Constantine V), is included in "De Ceremoniis" I.43. The title remained the highest in the imperial hierarchy until the introduction of the "sebastokratōr" (a composite derived from "sebastos" and "autokrator", the Greek equivalents of "Augustus" and "imperator") by Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) and later of "despotēs" by Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180). The title remained in existence through the last centuries of the Empire. In the Palaiologan period, it was held by prominent nobles like Alexios Strategopoulos, but from the 14th century, it was mostly awarded to rulers of the Balkans such as the princes of Vlachia, Serbia and Thessaly.