The Chinese classics use compounds of these four generic names in localized "barbarian tribes" exonyms such as "west and north" "Rongdi", "south and east" "Manyi", "Nanyibeidi" "barbarian tribes in the south and the north," and "Manyirongdi" "all kinds of barbarians." Creel says the Chinese evidently came to use "Rongdi" and "Manyi" "as generalized terms denoting 'non-Chinese,' 'foreigners,' 'barbarians'," and a statement such as "the Rong and Di are wolves" ("Zuozhuan", Min 1) is "very much like the assertion that many people in many lands will make today, that 'no foreigner can be trusted'."