Buddhist texts teach various meditation schemas. One of the most prominent is that of the four "rupa-jhānas" (four meditations in the realm of form), which are "stages of progressively deepening concentration". According to Gethin, they are states of "perfect mindfulness, stillness and lucidity." They are described in the Pali Canon as trance-like states without desire. In the early texts, the Buddha is depicted as entering jhāna both before his awakening under the bodhi tree and also before his final nirvana (see: the "Mahāsaccaka-sutta" and the "Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta").