James Joyce was a major pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness. Some hints of this technique are already present in "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" (1916), along with interior monologue, and references to a character's psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings. Joyce began writing "A Portrait" in 1907 and it was first serialised in the English literary magazine "The Egoist" in 1914 and 1915. Earlier in 1906, Joyce, when working on "Dubliners", considered adding another story featuring a Jewish advertising canvasser called Leopold Bloom under the title "Ulysses". Although he did not pursue the idea further at the time, he eventually commenced work on a novel using both the title and basic premise in 1914. The writing was completed in October 1921. Serial publication of "Ulysses" in the magazine "The Little Review" began in March 1918. "Ulysses" was finally published in 1922. While "Ulysses" represents a major example of the use of stream of consciousness, Joyce also uses "authorial description" and Free Indirect Style to register Bloom's inner thoughts. Furthermore, the novel does not focus solely on interior experiences: "Bloom is constantly shown "from" all round; from inside as well as out; from a variety of points of view which range from the objective to the subjective". In his final work "Finnegans Wake" (1939), Joyce's method of stream of consciousness, literary allusions and free dream associations was pushed to the limit, abandoning all conventions of plot and character construction, and the book is written in a peculiar and obscure English, based mainly on complex multi-level puns.