The earliest record of spinosaurines is from Europe, with the Barremian species "Vallibonavenatrix cani" from Spain. Spinosaurines are also present in Albian sediments of Tunisia and Algeria, and in Cenomanian sediments of Egypt and Morocco. In Africa, baryonychines were common in the Aptian, and then replaced by spinosaurines in the Albian and Cenomanian. Africa has shown a great abundance in spinosaurid discoveries, such as in the Kem Kem beds of Morocco, which housed an ecosystem containing many large coexisting predators. A fragment of a spinosaurine lower jaw from the Early Cretaceous was also reported from Tunisia, and referred to "Spinosaurus". Spinosaurinae's range also extended to South America, particularly Brazil, with the discoveries of "Irritator challengeri, Angaturama limai," and "Oxalaia quilombensis." There was also a fossil tooth in Argentina which has been referred to the Spinosauridae by Leonardo Salgado and colleagues. This referral is doubted by Gengo Tanaka, who offers "Hamadasuchus", a crocodilian, as the most likely animal of origin for these teeth.