Prior to this, he was a technical editor at a mining consulting company; data management administrator and technical writer/editor at Raytheon Missile Systems; editor at Valley Publishing of three regional newspapers in Mesa/Gilbert; editor at World Publishing of four community newspapers and associate editor/reporter on an as-needed basis for 26 other newspapers and three magazines in Arizona and Nevada. In January 2004, he co-founded Prismic Publishing, a newspaper publishing company which launched its first product in July of that year and went on to publish nine monthly newspapers.