NUMT insertion into the nuclear genome and its persistence in the nuclear genome initiated by physical delivery of mitochondrial DNA to the nucleus. This step follows by the mtDNA integration into the genome through a non-homologous end joining mechanism during double-strand break (DSB) repair process as envisioned by studying baker's yeast, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae; and terminates by intragenomic dynamics of amplification, mutation, or deletion, which also known as post-insertion modifications. The mechanism of mtDNA transfer into nucleus has not yet fully understood.