During the Fronde, Mazarin was in exile and no Italian works were performed, but after his return to Paris, Carlo Caproli's "Le nozze di Peleo e di Theti" was produced at the Petit-Bourbon on 14 April 1654. Cavalli's "Xerse" was given in the Salle du Louvre on 22 November 1660, and his "Ercole amante" premiered at the new Salle des Machines in the Tuileries Palace on 7 February 1662. These early Paris productions of Italian operas were usually tailored to French taste. Ballets with music by French composers were often interpolated between acts. They were also highly elaborate visual spectacles, several with numerous set changes and scenic effects accomplished with stage machinery designed by Giacomo Torelli. The visual spectacle enhanced their popularity with the French, who mostly did not understand Italian.