The Cuban novel could be said to have experienced a revolution by the mid-20th century, at the pinnacle of which came the publication of "El reino de este mundo" (1949) and "El siglo de las luces" (1962), both by Alejo Carpentier, along with authors such as Lino Novás Calvo, Enrique Serpa, Carlos Montenegro, Enrique Labrador Ruiz, Dulce María Loynaz, and Virgilio Piñera. In early works by Lisandro Otero, Humberto Arenal, Jaime Sarusky, Edmundo Desnoes and José Soler Puig, social realism converged with magic realism, absurdism and the "marvelous reality" of Carpentier.