Cartoons of this sort were usually transferred to a board for painting by pricking or incising the outline. In the "Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist" this has not been done, suggesting that the drawing has been kept as a work of art in its own right. Leonardo does not appear to have based a painting directly on this drawing. The composition differs from Leonardo's only other surviving treatment of the subject, "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne" in the Louvre, in which the figure of the Baptist is not present. A painting based on the cartoon was made by a pupil of Leonardo, Bernardino Luini, and is now in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan. The figure of Pomona in Francesco Melzi's painting "Vertumnus and Pomona" in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin, is based on that of the Virgin in the cartoon.