Soon after the formation of WaldStatten, the Swiss who had pledged loyalty to the Helvetic Republic were disgruntled due to the enforcement of Catholicism by the French. This led to frequent violent outbursts 1798 onwards. Switzerland soon developed into a warzone with armies of France, Austria and Russia being highly active. The violence became logistically impossible for the French to control and the Helvetic Republic began to collapse and Napoleon passed the Act of Medallion which saw the re-establishment of the Swiss Confederacy.