The Royal Carillon School "Jef Denyn" is a state-subsidized educational institute, and its several courses of study fall under the aegis of "part-time arts education" (Dutch: "deeltijds kunstonderwijs") in Flanders and Mechelen. The full curriculum covers nine or ten years depending on age at entry, but carillonneurs with prior training may graduate as quickly as within one year. Carillon performance, carillon history and campanology, improvisation, theory, harmony, composition, arranging, part-singing, handbell choir, and keyboard instruction comprise the curriculum. To graduate, each student must pass a written campanology/history exam; write and present a thesis on some aspect of carillon culture, e.g. history, campanology, technology, composition, playing technique; and perform an exam recital on the Mechelen city carillon in St. Rumbold's tower that includes baroque, romantic, and contemporary repertoire as well as works of their own (improvisation, arrangement, transcription, and/or composition).