In 1897, the U.S. Supreme Court held, in "Bram v. United States", that involuntary confessions are inadmissible as evidence. The Court in "Bram" did not announce a strong version of the exclusionary rule that would apply uniformly to exclude all evidence gathered in violation of the Bill of Rights, but instead announced a weak version that excluded only self-incriminating testimony that was compelled in violation of the Fifth Amendment. The distinction between testimonial versus other self-incriminating evidence is a matter of continuing debate.