The concept of a world chess champion started to emerge in the first half of the 19th century, and the phrase "world champion" appeared in 1845. From then onwards various players were acclaimed as world champions, but the first contest that was defined in advance as being for the world championship was the match between Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort in 1886. Until 1948 world championship contests were arranged privately between the players. As a result, the players also had to arrange the funding, in the form of stakes provided by enthusiasts who wished to bet on one of the players. In the early 20th century this was sometimes an obstacle that prevented or delayed challenges for the title.