After Brown v Board, which declared the doctrine of separate but equal schools illegal, a freedom of choice plan was instituted from 1964 through 1969, which was designed to give the appearance of compliance with the law but in practice maintain a segregated system. By 1967, only 12 black students were in attendance at formerly all-white schools, and no whites were attending black schools. In 1969, the district attempted to use intelligence tests to further segregated education, but were disappointed that the results would require 1/3 of white students to attend black schools. As a result, they asked the court to invalidate their own plan, but were refused.Then the Alexander v. Holmes County decision superseded this by demanding the integration of all schools in January 1970.