In the history of Chinese lexicography, nearly all dictionaries were collated by graphic systems of character radicals, first introduced in the "Shuowen Jiezi". However, a few notable exceptions, called "yashu" ""books", adopted collation by semantic categories such as Heaven and Earth. The Ming Dynasty scholar Lang Kuijin () categorized and published the "Wuya" ( "Five [Eryas"): "Erya", (c. 150 BCE) "Xiao Erya" ("Little Erya"), (c. 200) "Yiya" ("Lost Erya" or the "Shiming"), (c. 230) "Guangya" ("Expanded Erya"), and (1125) "Piya" ("Increased Erya"). The more important "Erya-"type books of the subsequent period are the 1579 "Tongya" (, Analogous to "Erya") compiled by Fang Yizhi (), 1587 "Pianya" (, A Book of Two-Syllable Words) by Zhu Mouwei (), c. 1745 "Bieya" (, Another "Erya") by Wu Yujin (), and 1864 "Dieya" (, A Book of Double-Syllable Words) by Shi Menglan () (tr. Xue 1982: 155). Chinese "leishu" encyclopedias, such as the (1408) "Yongle Encyclopedia", were also semantically arranged. Needham (1986: 192) takes the "Erya'"s derivative literature as the main line of descent for the encyclopedia in China.