After the 2001–02 widespread Kabyle protests known as the Black Spring, the Berber (Amazigh) language (with all its Algerian dialects and varieties) was recognized as a 'national language' in the 2002 Algerian Constitution, but not as an 'official language' until 2016 after a long campaign by activists. The Arabic language is still the only "de jure" official language of Algeria. French is not recognized in any legal document of Algeria but enjoys a "de facto" position of an official language as it is used in every Algerian official administration or institution, at all levels of the government, sometimes much more than Arabic.