Coupling with stem cell research, researchers have successfully grown simple organs derived from autologous human pluripotent stem cells. So far bladder and trachea have been developed. This method attempts to address tissue rejection, and there are already cases of successful transplantation. A research team from Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, successfully transplanted stem cell-engineered bladders to seven pediatric patients suffering from malfunctioning bladders. Another case was from a team at University College, London, UK, which transplanted a wind pipe derived from the patient’s own stem cells.