Three important herbals, all appearing before 1500, were printed in Mainz, Germany. Two of these were by Peter Schoeffer, his Latin "Herbarius" in 1484, followed by an updated and enlarged German version in 1485, these being followed in 1491 by the "Hortus Sanitatis" printed by Jacob Meyderbach. Other early printed herbals include the "Kreuterbuch" of Hieronymus Tragus from Germany in 1539 and, in England, the "New Herball" of William Turner in 1551 were arranged, like the classical herbals, either alphabetically, according to their medicinal properties, or as "herbs, shrubs, trees". Arrangement of plants in later herbals such as "Cruydboeck" of Dodoens and John Gerard’s "Herball" of 1597 became more related to their physical similarities and this heralded the beginnings of scientific classification. By 1640 a herbal had been printed that included about 3800 plants – nearly all the plants of the day that were known.