Suppose each set of quantum numbers specify formula_4 states where formula_4 is the number of internal degrees of freedom of the particle that can be altered by collision. For example, a spin-1/2 particle would have formula_6, one for each spin state. We can think of each possible state of a particle as a point on a 3-dimensional grid of positive integers. The Thomas–Fermi approximation assumes that the quantum numbers are so large that they may be considered to be a continuum. For large values of formula_7, we can estimate the number of states with energy less than or equal to formula_8 from the above equation as: