Critics have alleged that Microsoft has used funding to drum up support from think tanks and trade organizations such as the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI), the Independent Institute, and Americans for Technology Leadership (ATL). During the antitrust case United States v. Microsoft, ATL sent a poll to 19 state attorneys general purporting to show that "the public believes state AGs should devote their energy to causes other than Microsoft". Also during the case the Independent Institute ran full-page advertisements in "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post" defending Microsoft, which was later revealed to have funded the ad campaign. The institute published "Winners, Losers, and Microsoft: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology" shortly thereafter.