Rockwell re-teamed with McDonagh for the 2017 film "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri". His performance as a racist, bullying police officer Jason Dixon won several accolades, including his first Academy Award, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, two Screen Actors Guild Awards and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. In August 2017, Rockwell was cast to play George W. Bush in Adam McKay's "Vice", a biopic of Dick Cheney; he received his second nomination for the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award as a result. Rockwell was cast as Bob Fosse with Michelle Williams as Gwen Verdon in the 2019 miniseries "Fosse/Verdon", for which he received critical acclaim and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. That same year, Rockwell appeared in two acclaimed films, "Richard Jewell" and "Jojo Rabbit". In 2020, he had a voice role in DreamWorks Animation's "Trolls World Tour", also serving as a performer on the film's soundtrack; and also voiced Ivan the gorilla in the 2020 Disney+ film "The One and Only Ivan".