Not every form of examination constitutes search. A search within the meaning of section eight is determined by whether the investigatory technique used by the state diminishes a person's reasonable expectation of privacy. The focus of analysis is upon the purpose of the examination. A police officer who compels someone to produce their licence would not be invasive enough to constitute a search ("R. v. Ladouceur", v. Ladouceur, [1990 1 S.C.R. 1257.</ref>). Equally, an inspection of the inside of a car is not a search, but questions about the contents of a bag would be. ("R. v. Mellenthin" v. Mellenthin, [1992 3 S.C.R. 615.</ref>) It has also been ruled that the use of a police dog as a means to gain probable cause to search is also in itself a violation of Section 8, and that other factors must be present before a police dog can be used and a search executed. ("R. v. A.M." R. v. A.M., 2008 SCC 19 </ref> "R. v. Kang-Brown" R. v. Kang‑Brown, 2008 SCC 18 </ref>)