Because Hōnen and his disciples were largely exiled to remote provinces, and due to differences in background and monastic training, the teachings began to take on regional differences. Some sub-sects died out quickly, while others survive through the modern era. The main branch of Jōdo Shū started under Hōnen's disciple Benchō, who was exiled to Chinzei on the island of Kyushu. There, Benchō actively preached Hōnen's doctrine while refuting what he considered deviations taught by other disciples (particularly Kosai's controversial "once-calling" teaching).