A homeland for the Jewish people is an idea rooted in Jewish culture and religion. In the early 19th century, the Napoleonic Wars led to the idea of Jewish emancipation. This unleashed a number of religious and secular cultural streams and political philosophies among the Jews in Europe, covering everything from Marxism to Chassidism. Among these movements was Zionism as promoted by Theodor Herzl. In the late 19th century, Herzl set out his vision of a Jewish state and homeland for the Jewish people in his book "Der Judenstaat". Herzl was later hailed by the Zionist political parties as the founding father of the State of Israel.