Having presented his analysis of the history of the AIDS epidemic among gay men and why new infections are still so high, Rotello spends the final three chapters presenting his conclusions. He argues that while condoms are the single most important element of HIV prevention, a sole reliance on condoms has obscured the need to fundamentally address the other issues that perpetuate the AIDS epidemic among gay men, primarily high levels of multiple partners and active core groups. He calls the main reliance on condoms a classic “technological fix’ that seeks to avoid transformative change.