Gardasil is a vaccine to prevent HPV, that, for maximum effect, is recommended for individuals prior to their becoming sexually active. Moreover, evidence supports the conclusion that women who were already infected with one or more of the four HPV types targeted by the vaccine (HPV types 6, 11, 16, or 18) were protected from clinical disease caused by the remaining HPV types in the vaccine. HPV types 16 and 18 cause an estimated 70% of cervical cancers, and are responsible for most HPV-induced anal cancers. Gardasil also protects against vulvar and vaginal cancers caused by HPV types 16 and 18, as well as most penile cancers caused by these two HPV types. Since Gardasil will not prevent infection with "all" of the HPV types that can cause cervical cancer, the vaccine is not considered a substitute for routine pap smears.