Hans Hoppe believes that there is a contradiction in the beliefs of most philosophers and economists in reference to national defense. According to his argument, they generally hold that any monopoly is "bad" for consumers because, shielded from potential new entrants into his area of production, the price of his product X will be higher and its quality lower than otherwise. Yet they simultaneously hold that security must be undertaken by the government, which is a territorial monopoly of law and order (the ultimate decision maker and enforcer). Hoppe holds that the two propositions are clearly incompatible. In his essay "The Production of Security", Molinari concluded: