More recent research by Alan A. Block in "Space, Time and Organized Crime", Dorothy Gallagher in "All the Right Enemies", and Nunzio Pernicone in "Carlo Tresca: Portrait of A Rebel" all confirm that the most likely scenario is that Tresca was killed by Carmine Galante, of the Bonanno crime family, on the order of Frank Garofalo, underboss to Joseph Bonanno, Fascist sympathizer and close friend to Generoso Pope. Tresca had not only been critical of Pope but recently berated Garofalo and threatened to expose him in "Il Martello". Galante, only recently released from prison, was seen by his parole officer fleeing the scene. Unfortunately, due to wartime rationing of gasoline, the parole officer was unable to engage in a chase after him.