The original Royal Naval College closed in 1837, after which the only method for training midshipmen in the Royal Navy was aboard ships. In 1844 the rank of naval cadet was created, and to qualify as a midshipman a candidate had to be 14 years old, successfully pass an admiralty examination and have two years of service as a naval cadet or three years of service in the Navy. A decline in qualified officers prompted the Navy to order training in a ship at anchor for all cadets, which began in 1857 aboard HMS "Illustrious", which was replaced by HMS "Britannia" in 1859. "Britannia" was moved to Portland in 1862, and to the present location of the Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth in 1863.