In many romance languages, the literal translation of the local term for "midshipman" into English is "Navy Guard", including the French "garde-marine", Spanish "guardia marina", Portuguese "guarda-marinha", and Italian "guardiamarina", and in most cases the term refers to the lowest ranking commissioned naval officer. The French rank of "garde de la marine" was established in 1670, when an office of the monarchy selected young gentlemen from the nobility to serve the King in the Gardes de la Marine. The concept of the "Gardes" was borrowed from the various guards units within the Maison militaire du roi de France. In 1686 these guards were organized into companies of cadets at the ports of Brest, Rochefort and Toulon. Unlike midshipmen in the Royal Navy, the "Gardes" trained mostly on shore and focused on military drill and theory rather than practical skills in gunnery, navigation and seamanship. After the succession of the Bourbon Philip V of Spain to the Spanish throne, the French system of naval officer education spread to Spain. The Spanish navy created the rank of "guardia marina" in 1717, with the formation at Cadiz of the Royal Company of Midshipmen ().