When John III assumed the title of "Grand Duke of Finland and Karelia", shortened to Grand Duke of Finland in 1577 (or soon thereafter), the lion became closely associated with Finland through the grand-ducal coats of arms ("Figure 5"). The grand-ducal coat of arms is thought to have resulted out of a combination of the "Göta lion" (originating from the "Folkunga" lion) and the arms of Karelia ("Figure 6"). The result was that the lion brandishes one weapon and treads on another.