At the synodical gathering at Bethany, on 16 and 17 August 1846, the most significant event took place. The subject of millennialism was once again brought up, and as the discussion became heated, Kavel and his followers left the synod. They went to nearby Langmeil and had their own synod gathering there, while the remainder continued with their synod. The followers of Kavel formed the Immanuel Synod, and those of Fritzsche, the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of South Australia. The latter was renamed as the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Australia (ELSA) in 1863.