During the synodical presidency of Franz Pieper, these new theological methods had only limited support within the LCMS. In 1932, Pieper authored the "Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod". In that booklet, Piper attacked the new theologies, with his book being circulated widely within the synod. So popular was Pieper's position that well into the 20th century, a majority of LCMS pastors described themselves as Pieperians. Despite Pieper's popularity and several resolutions of the Synod in Convention endorsing the booklet, theological modernism slowly made in-roads in the LCMS.