One of the main functions of the civil governor's office (kokushi) was the oversight of criminal justice in the provinces, and the maintenance of the private holdings within the public lands (kokugaryo), but his function began to change with the advent of the Kamakura regime. With the appointment of "shugo" constables by Kamakura, all criminal jurisdiction within the provinces passed into his hands. But the civil governor ("kokushi") remained as the key officer in the civil administration ("ritsuryo"), who made sure that rent from private holdings reached the absentee nobles and religious establishments ("jisha honjo") in Kyoto and in Yamashiro province. His oversight did not include the private holdings of warriors, most usually concentrated in the Kantō and further north.