In English, "Indo-German" was used by J. C. Prichard in 1826 although he preferred "Indo-European". In French, use of was established by A. Pictet (1836). In German literature, was used by Franz Bopp since 1835, while the term had already been introduced by Julius von Klapproth in 1823, intending to include the northernmost and the southernmost of the family's branches, as it were as an abbreviation of the full listing of involved languages that had been common in earlier literature. "Indo-Germanisch" became established by the works of August Friedrich Pott, who understood it to include the easternmost and the westernmost branches, opening the doors to ensuing fruitless discussions whether it should not be "Indo-Celtic", or even "Tocharo-Celtic".