Although later reappraised, "Dazzle Ships" (1983) was seen as overly challenging, and eroded European support. The band embraced a more straightforward pop sound on "Junk Culture" (1984), while continuing to experiment via newly acquired digital samplers; this change in direction led to greater success in the United States, and yielded the 1986 hit, "If You Leave". In 1989, creative differences saw Humphreys and other members form the spin-off group the Listening Pool, leaving McCluskey the only remaining member of OMD. The band returned with a new line-up and explored the dance-pop genre: "Sugar Tax" (1991) and its initial singles were hits in Europe. By the mid-1990s, however, electronic music had been supplanted by alternative rock, and both OMD and The Listening Pool disbanded in 1996. McCluskey later conceived pop girl group Atomic Kitten, for whom he served as a principal songwriter, while Humphreys formed the duo Onetwo alongside Propaganda vocalist Claudia Brücken.