Individual pawns are referred to by the on which they stand. For example, one speaks of "White's f-pawn" or "Black's b-pawn". Alternatively, they can be referred to by the piece which stood on that file at the beginning of the game, e.g. "White's king bishop's pawn" or "Black's queen knight's pawn". It is also common to refer to a ', meaning any pawn on the a- or h-files, a ' (on the b- or g-files), a ' (on the c- or f-files), a ' (on the d-file), a ' (on the e-file), and a ' (on the d- or e-files).