In January 1969, Jackson and Nolen were transferred from San Quentin to Soledad prison. On January 13, 1970, Nolen and two other black inmates (Cleveland Edwards and Alvin Miller) were shot to death by corrections officer Opie G. Miller during a yard riot with members of the Aryan Brotherhood. Following Nolen's death, Jackson became increasingly confrontational with corrections officials and spoke often about the need to protect fellow inmates and take revenge on correction officers, employing what Jackson called "selective retaliatory violence."