The novel also makes use of intertextuality with Vonnegut's other works. In addition to Kilgore Trout, characters from other Vonnegut books which appear here include Eliot Rosewater and Rabo Karabekian. Rosewater was the main character in "God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater" (1965) and a minor character in "Slaughterhouse-Five" (1969), while Karabekian later became the main character in "Bluebeard" (1988). Hoover's secretary, Francine Pefko, previously appeared in "Cat's Cradle" (1963), where she performed secretarial duties at General Forge and Foundry, in Ilium, New York. (Pefko also appears in "Fubar," a story released posthumously in "Look at the Birdie".) Vonnegut uses the name "Khashdrahr Miasma" for a minor character, in reference to a character in "Player Piano". The vicious guard dog, Kazak, was Winston Niles Rumfoord's pet in "The Sirens of Titan" (1959) and Selena MacIntosh's guide dog in "Galápagos" (1985). Many of Midland City's inhabitants reappear in "Deadeye Dick" (1982), which locates the city in Ohio.