The term "defamiliarization" was first coined in 1917 by Russian formalist Viktor Shklovsky in his essay "Art as Device" (alternate translation: "Art as Technique"). Shklovsky invented the term as a means to "distinguish poetic from practical language on the basis of the former's perceptibility." Essentially, he is stating that poetic language is fundamentally different than the language that we use every day because it is more difficult to understand: "Poetic speech is "formed speech". Prose is ordinary speech – economical, easy, proper, the goddess of prose ["dea prosae"] is a goddess of the accurate, facile type, of the "direct" expression of a child." This difference is the key to the creation of art and the prevention of "over-automatization", which causes an individual to "function as though by formula."