The Śaivasiddhānta ("the established doctrine of Shiva") is the earliest sampradaya (tradition, lineage) of Tantric Shaivism, dating from the 5th century. The tradition emphasizes loving devotion to Shiva, uses 5th to 9th-century Tamil hymns called "Tirumurai". A key philosophical text of this sub-tradition was composed by 13th-century Meykandar. This theology presents three universal realities: the "pashu" (individual soul), the "pati" (lord, Shiva), and the "pasha" (soul’s bondage) through ignorance, karma and maya. The tradition teaches ethical living, service to the community and through one's work, loving worship, yoga practice and discipline, continuous learning and self-knowledge as means for liberating the individual soul from bondage.