Apart from the pronouns that act as subjects of a sentence, and from the stressed object pronouns which are employed after prepositions, Portuguese has several clitic object pronouns used with nonprepositional verbs, or as indirect objects. These can appear before the verb as separate words, as in "ela me ama" ("she loves me"), or appended to the verb after the tense/person inflection, as in "ele amou-a" ("he loved her") or "ele deu-lhe o livro" ("he gave her/him the book"). Note that Portuguese spelling rules (like those of French) require a hyphen between the verb and the enclitic pronoun.