Indeed, some experimental studies challenge the assumption that intentions and behavior are merely consequences of attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control. To illustrate, in one study, participants were prompted to form the intention to support a specific environmental organization—such as to sign a petition. After this intention was formed, attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control shifted. Participants became more likely to report positive attitudes towards this organization and were more inclined to assume their social group would share comparable attitudes. These findings imply the associations between the three key elements—attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control—and intentions may be bi-directional.