Both the film and the book acquired cult status in Europe immediately after release, raising awareness of heroin addiction. The popularity of the film was greatly boosted by David Bowie's participation as both himself (portrayed giving a concert early in the film) and as the main contributor to the soundtrack. Bowie's music from his albums made in Berlin during 1976 and 1977 is heavily featured throughout the picture, and as he was at the very peak of his popularity during the late 1970s and early 1980s, his presence helped boost the film's commercial success.