For example, in the 1989 ILSI Monograph "Assessment of Inhalation Hazards", three of 33 chapters address tobacco. Two of those papers show unequivocally that second hand smoke has adverse effects on respiratory infection and lung function, especially in children and that epidemiological data show a “statistically significant increase in lung cancer risk of about 40%” for nonsmokers married to smokers. The third article did not address risk" per se", but rather compares the strengths and weakness of study designs for assessing risk.