Southern Vietnam, Nhu established a group which served mainly as a roundtable for political debates of intellectuals linked to a journal entitled "Spirit" (Vietnamese: "Tinh Thần"). In 1953, Nhu allied with Trần Quốc Bửu, a trade unionist who headed the Vietnamese Confederation of Christian Workers with ten of thousands of members. They began to publish a journal called "Society" (Vietnamese: "Xã hội"), which endorsed the creation of workers' and farmers' cooperatives and unionization rights for industrial laborers in Saigon. Through the alliance with Bửu, Miller argues that the Can Lao program follows unionism and advocates the co-management of national