White (白 "bai") means "plain" or "free of charge" in many common expressions and was not traditionally used to refer to Europeans or descendants, who were usually identified as "洋人" (yáng rén, "people from the ocean") or based on their hair color (e.g. Minnan "ang mo", "red-haired"). They were also given derogatory names like the Cantonese "gwei lo", which translates to "ghost man". However Contemporary Chinese has adopted Western usage to some extent. Black (黑 "hei") is typically applied to those of African race today. However, the term "black resident" (黑户) also refers to unregistered rural migrants in cities (as in "black market"). The word 白 (white), when used under certain contexts, is offensive, taking on a meaning extended from "plain" to "uneducated" and "uncultured".