After the unitary European examination and opposition phase ends, nearly all "unitary" nature of the European patent dissolves, and what remains is a collection of essentially-independent national patents, and ownership, validity and infringement of each being determined independently under respective national law. provides that, in each member country, the national part of the European patent has the identical effect as a national patent with the identical claims would have. The European Patent Convention expressly adopts national law for all substantive attributes of a national part of a European patent, with the following exceptions: