Divergence from Northumbrian Middle English was influenced by the Norse of Scandinavian-influenced Middle English-speaking immigrants from the North and Midlands of England during the 12th and 13th centuries, Dutch and Middle Low German through trade and immigration from the low countries, and Romance via ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Norman and later Parisian French due to the Auld Alliance. Some loan words entered the language resulting from contact with Scottish Gaelic, often for geographical features such as "ben", "glen", "crag", "loch" and "strath"; however, there are several others like "bog" from "bog" (moist or damp), "twig" (catch on) from "tuig" (understand), "galore" (lots of) from "gu leòr" (plenty), "boose" or "buss" from "bus" (mouth), and "whisky" from "uisge-beatha" (water of life).