Members of the "maginoo" class were referred to as "Ginoo". Proper names of the "maginoo" nobles were preceded by ' (short for "", meaning title) for men and ' (lady) for women, the equivalent of Lord and Lady respectively. The title "Panginoon" was reserved for particularly powerful "maginoo" who ruled over a large number of dependents and slaves, owned extensive property, and whose lineage was impeccable. Lower-status "maginoo" who gained prominence by newly acquired wealth were scornfully known as "maygintawo" (literally "person with a lot of gold"; somewhat like the term "nouveau riche"). In "Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala" (1613), the Spanish Franciscan missionary Pedro de San Buenaventura compared the "maygintawo" to "dark knights" who gain their status by gold and not by lineage.