The late 1980s, which were marked by an increase in informal organizations, saw a renewed wave of samizdat periodicals in the Soviet Union. Publications that were active during that time included "Glasnost" (edited by Sergei Grigoryants), "Ekspress-khronika" ("Express-Chronicle," edited by Alexander Podrabinek), "Svobodnoye slovo" ("Free word", by the Democratic Union formed in May 1988), "Levyi povorot" ("Left turn", edited by Boris Kagarlitsky), "Otkrytaya zona" ("Open zone") of Club Perestroika, "Merkurii" ("Mercury", edited by Elena Zelinskaya) and "Khronograph" ("Chronograph", put out by a number of Moscow activists).