The social behavior of the Asian wild ass can be very different, depending on different habitats, ranges, and even threats by predators and humans. In Mongolia and Central Asia ("E. h. hemionus" and ""E. h. kulan"), a stove onager stallion can adopt harem-type social groups with several mares and foals in large home areas in the southwest and territory-based social groups in the south and southeast. Also, annual large hikes occur to , where hiking in summer is more limited than in the winter. Partially, onagers also form large group associations of 450 to 1,200 individuals, but this usually only takes place on locations with food or water sources. Since dissolving these major units within one day again, no overarching hierarchy next to the ranking of the individual herds seems to exist. Also, young male onagers frequently form "bachelor groups" during the winter. Such a lifestyle is also seen in the wild horse, the plains zebras ("E. quagga") and mountain zebras ("E. zebra").