In the five centuries before European conquest, the Mississippian culture built numerous regional chiefdoms and major earthwork mounds in the Ohio Valley, such as Angel Mounds near Evansville, Indiana, as well as in the Mississippi Valley and the Southeast. The historic Osage, Omaha, Ponca and Kaw peoples lived in the Ohio Valley, but under pressure over the fur trade from the Iroquois nations to the northeast, migrated west of the Mississippi River in the 17th century to the territory now defined as Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma.