Further testing resolved the genetic conundrum by sourcing the first three previously identified discrepant HOX genes ("Myx1-3") to the bryozoan "Cristatella mucedo" and the fourth ("Myx4") to Northern pike, the respective hosts of the two corresponding Myxozoa samples. This explained the confusion: the original experiments had used samples contaminated by tissue from host organisms, leading to false positives for a position among the Bilateria. More careful cloning of 50 coding genes from "Buddenbrockia" firmly established the clade as severely modified members of the phylum Cnidaria, with medusozoans as their closest relatives. Similarities between myxozoan polar capsules and cnidarian nematocysts had been drawn for a long time, but were generally assumed to be the result of convergent evolution.