The other Hollywood studios proved themselves equally adept at tackling the genre at this time, particularly in the 1950s. Four adaptations of Rodgers and Hammerstein shows - "Oklahoma!", "The King and I", "Carousel", and "South Pacific" - were all successes, while Paramount Pictures released "White Christmas" and "Funny Face", two films which used previously written music by Irving Berlin and the Gershwins, respectively. Warner Bros. produced "Calamity Jane" and "A Star Is Born"; the former film was a vehicle for Doris Day, while the latter provided a big-screen comeback for Judy Garland, who had been out of the spotlight since 1950. Meanwhile, director Otto Preminger, better known for "message pictures", made "Carmen Jones" and "Porgy and Bess", both starring Dorothy Dandridge, who is considered the first African American A-list film star. Celebrated director Howard Hawks also ventured into the genre with "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes".