One traditional view portrays the femme fatale as a sexual vampire; her charms leech the virility and independence of lovers, leaving them shells of themselves. Rudyard Kipling took inspiration from a vampire painted by Philip Burne-Jones, an image typical of the era in 1897, to write his poem "The Vampire". The poem inspired the 1913 eponymous film "The Vampire" by Robert Vignola, often cited as the earliest surviving "vamp" movie. Protagonist Alice Hollister was often labeled as "the original vampire" at the time.