Social welfare and pensions were introduced in early Islamic law as forms of "zakāt" (charity), one of the Five Pillars of Islam, since the time of Umar. The taxes (including "zakāt" and "jizya") collected in the treasury of an Islamic government were used to provide income for the needy, including the poor, elderly, orphans, widows, and the disabled. According to the Islamic jurist Al-Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), the government was also expected to stockpile food supplies in every region in case a disaster or famine occurred. The Caliphate was thus one of the earliest welfare states.