In 2003, two challenges appeared to this consensus view. One was from Richard Steigmann-Gall as part of his wider thesis that "leading Nazis in fact considered themselves Christian" or at least understood their movement "within a Christian frame of reference". He argues that several passages in the "Table Talk" reveal Hitler to have a direct attachment to Christianity, to be a great admirer of Jesus and "gave no indication that he was now agnostic or atheistic", a worldview Hitler continued to denigrate the Soviet Union for promoting. Steigmann-Gall maintains that Hitler's "view of Christianity is fraught with tension and ambiguity" and "Hitler's Table Talk" shows an "unmistakable rupture" with his earlier religious views, which Steigmann-Gall characterizes as Christian. He attributes this to Hitler's anger at his failure to exert control over the German churches and not anger at Christianity itself. Steigmann-Gall's wider thesis proved highly controversial, although as John S. Conway pointed out, the differences between his thesis and the earlier consensus were mostly about the "degree and timing" of Nazi anti-clericalism.