Gilbert's aggressive, though successful, legal action had embittered Sullivan and Carte. But the partnership had been so profitable that Carte eventually sought to reunite the dramatist and composer. After many failed attempts by Carte and his wife, Gilbert and Sullivan reunited through the efforts of Tom Chappell, who published the sheet music to their operas. In 1893, they produced their penultimate collaboration, "Utopia, Limited". But "The Gondoliers" would prove to be Gilbert and Sullivan's last big hit. Utopia was only a modest success, and their final collaboration, "The Grand Duke", in 1896, was a failure. The two would never collaborate again.