While nudity practically disappeared from network television, a Kaiser Family Foundation study of sex on television released in November 2005 showed that TV characters are having sex twice as often as they were in 1998. The study examined more than 1,000 hours of programming. Since that time social and political pressures have resulted in a near ban nudity directed at heterosexual males in cable, premium paid, and streaming television. Female nudity is on the decline and mostly limited to same sex oriented materials and gratuitous male nudity is more common than female nudity ever was.