Concerning the exact location of this slaughter, there has long been some doubt. Caesar describes a of the Rhine and Maas rivers, but there is no such confluence. Archaeologist Nico Roymans has announced in 2015 that convincing evidence has been found that it was in fact in the confluence of Waal, a branch of the Rhine and not the Rhine itself, and the Maas/Meuse, near Kessel. On the other hand, the 3rd century historian Cassius Dio described the place as being in the country of the Treveri near the Moselle, which had the same name as the Maas in Latin ("Mosa") and does enter the Rhine in that region. This is however very far from the Menapii.