In 221–222 AD, an ethnic Persian, Ardashir V, who was King of Persis, led a revolt against the Parthians, establishing the Sasanian Empire. According to later Arab histories, he defeated Characene forces, killed its last ruler, rebuilt the town, and renamed it Astarābād-Ardašīr"." The area around Charax that had been the Characene state was thereon known by the Aramaic name "myšn", "myšwn" in the Babylonian Talmud ("Baba Kamma" 97b; "Baba Bathra" 73a; "Shabbat" 101a), or "myšyn" as attested in an Aramaic incantation bowl from Nippur, which was later adapted by the Arab conquerors as Maysān.