Patanjali's "", dated to the 2nd century BCE, mentions the term "Shiva-bhagavata" in section 5.2.76. Patanjali, while explaining Panini's rules of grammar, states that this term refers to a devotee clad in animal skins and carrying an "ayah sulikah" (iron spear, trident lance) as an icon representing his god. The "Shvetashvatara Upanishad" (late 1st mill. BCE) mentions terms such as Rudra, Shiva, and Maheshwaram,[b R G Bhandarkar (2001), Vaisnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems, Routledge, , pages 106–111</ref> but its interpretation as a theistic or monistic text of Shaivism is disputed. In the early centuries of the common era is the first clear evidence of Pāśupata Shaivism.