Later Medieval scholars believed that all of the letter names of the ogham alphabet were those of trees, and attempted to explain the "bríatharogaim" in that light. However, modern scholarship has shown that only eight at most of the original twenty letter names are those of trees, and that the word-oghams or kennings themselves support this. Of the "forfeda" letter names, only one may be that of a tree or shrub (pín) and their kennings as edited (in normalized Old Irish) and translated by McManus (1988) are as follows: