It is possible that the schooling of this last generation of the 20th century made them unsuited for the economy of the 21st Century. The trade-off was of self-directedness for obedience, play for rote work, lateral thinking for conformity, they will be incapable of producing the assets required of the 21st Century economy as outlined in Daniel H. Pink's "A Whole New Mind" and Stephen R. Covey's The Leader in Me and Howard Gardner's Five Minds for the Future.[https://web.archive.org/web/20081010141205/http://www.howardgardner.com/Papers/documents/ibo%204%2013%2008%202.doc Those who measured their intelligence purely on scholastic aptitudes would focus on developing an aptitude of memorizing and scoring for exams, neglecting other innate abilities they may have.