Osage orange wood is more rot-resistant than most, making good fence posts. They are generally set up green because the dried wood is too hard to reliably accept the staples used to attach the fencing to the posts. Palmer and Fowler's "Fieldbook of Natural History" 2nd edition rates Osage orange wood as being at least twice as hard and strong as white oak ("Quercus alba"). Its dense grain structure makes for good tonal properties. Production of woodwind instruments and waterfowl game calls are common uses for the wood.