The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Crispa' [:'curled', the leaf margin], sometimes known as the Fernleaf Elm, arose before 1800 and was first listed by Willdenow as "U. crispa" (1809). Audibert listed an "U. campestris" Linn. 'Crispa', "orme à feuilles crépues" [:'frizzy-leaved elm'], in 1817, and an "Ulmus urticaefolia" [:'nettle-leaved elm'] in 1832; the latter is usually taken to be a synonym. Loudon considered the tree a variety of "U. montana" (1838). In the 19th century, "Ulmus × hollandica" cultivars, as well as those of Wych Elm, were often grouped under "Ulmus montana". Elwes and Henry (1913) listed 'Crispa' as a form of wych elm, but made no mention of the non-wych samara (see 'Description').