Thus, for Judge Kleinfeld, "the question comes down to whether a school may, in the absence of concern about disruption of educational activities, punish and censor non-disruptive, off-campus speech by students during school-authorized activities because the speech promotes a social message contrary to the one favored by the school. The answer under controlling, long-existing precedent is plainly 'No.'" To reach this determination, the Court inquired whether Frederick's constitutional rights were violated.. The Court, in holding (contra the District Court) that "Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District" provided the controlling analysis, distinguished "Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser" and "Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier".