When final is "not" silent, this may be indicated in various ways in English spelling. When representing , this is usually done via doubling ("employee", with ' as an obsolete spelling, "refugee"). Non-silent can also be indicated by a diacritical mark, such as a grave accent ("learnèd") or a diaeresis ("learnëd, Brontë"). Other diacritical marks are preserved in loanwords ("résumé", "café", "blasé"), or introduced on this pattern ("maté"), though these diacritics are frequently omitted. Other words have no indication that the is not silent (', Latin loan meaning "with due respect to").