As a type of Soviet propaganda, the subdivision was located just from the eastern border of the Second Polish Republic and was named after the Polish Bolshevik Julian Marchlewski, who was a rector of the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West and dreamed of Poland becoming part of the Soviet Union. The Marchlewszczyzna had to become an exemplary autonomous district where Bolsheviks sought to demonstrate to their western neighbor Poland that Polish as nation also will submit to "government of workers and peasants". Function of the Polish District had boldly expressed political composition. About that more than once had spoken the leader of Polish section of the Central Commission in affairs of National Minorities Jan Saulewicz.