From the 1830s under Daniel O'Connell, generations of leaders campaigned for the creation of a new Irish parliament, convinced that the Act of Union had been a great mistake. While O'Connell campaigned for full-scale repeal, leaders like Isaac Butt and Charles Stewart Parnell sought a more modest form of Home Rule within the United Kingdom, rather than an independent Irish state. However, even if the proposal had got through the British House of Commons (and the first two attempts, in 1886 and 1893 did not), the British House of Lords, with its massive unionist majority, would not have passed it. Finally, the passage of the Parliament Act in 1911, which restricted the veto powers of the House of Lords, created space for an Irish Home Rule Bill to pass both Houses, receive the Royal Assent and become law.