The sophistication of the films increased after 2000. In "The Matrix Reloaded" and "The Matrix Revolutions", dense optical flow from several high-definition cameras was used to capture realistic facial movement at every point on the face. "Polar Express (film)" used a large Vicon system to capture upward of 150 points. Although these systems are automated, a large amount of manual clean-up effort is still needed to make the data usable. Another milestone in facial animation was reached by "The Lord of the Rings", where a character specific shape base system was developed. Mark Sagar pioneered the use of FACS in entertainment facial animation, and FACS based systems developed by Sagar were used on "Monster House", "King Kong", and other films.