A similar result holds for Cunningham chains of the second kind. From the observation that formula_9 and the relation formula_23 it follows that formula_24. In binary notation, the primes in a Cunningham chain of the second kind end with a pattern "0...01", where, for each formula_25, the number of zeros in the pattern for formula_17 is one more than the number of zeros for formula_15. As with Cunningham chains of the first kind, the bits left of the pattern shift left by one position with each successive prime.