An early application of the fireless locomotive was to street tramways in the United States. Emile Lamm developed two types of fireless locomotive, one using ammonia and the other using stored steam. Lamm founded two companies, "Ammonia & Thermo-Specific Propelling Company of America" in 1872 and (with Sylvester L. Langdon) "Lamm Fireless Engine Company" in 1874. Lamm's fireless engines were briefly popular, both in the United States and in France, but were soon displaced by electric trams. The French locomotives were built in association with Leon Francq, under the name "Lamm & Francq".