Traditional union representation by ALPA in terms of contract negotiations (collective bargaining) and prosecution of grievances was virtually nonexistent from the end of the pilot strike in 1985, but ALPA vigorously represented the rights of pilots who return to work after the strike. The contentious 1993 representational election conducted by the NMB between the IACP and ALPA settled the question of ALPA representation. The IACP was victorious by a wide 68% margin where more than 92% of the eligible voters participated, the highest participation ever recorded by the NMB. The Continental Express pilots also won the right to be represented by the IACP during that election.