Simultaneously, ascospores are produced on the lesions of infected canes or berries left on the trellis system or on the vineyard floor to carry out the infection. These ascospores are formed in asci, which are in cavities within a stroma—the dense structural tissue that produces fruiting bodies in fungi—of pseudothecium. Pseudothecium of grape anthracnose, the sexual fruiting body of the fungus, has asci containing eight four-celled ascospores. The fungus also overwinters as pseudothecium, but the importance of ascospores in disease development is not clearly understood. The study done by Mirica (1998) validated that the ascospores do germinate and infect the tissue and produce the "Sphaceloma" phase which shows the existence of the perfect stage of "Elsinoe ampelina". Overall, conidia and ascospores overwinter on the ground and on infected tissue and become the source of primary inoculum.