Woodbridge was elected as a city councilor for two years and the mayor of Vergennes for five. He later served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives in 1849, 1857 and 1858, and was the Vermont Auditor of Accounts from 1850 until 1852. He was a prosecuting attorney from 1854 to 1858. He engaged in the construction of railroads and was vice-president of the Rutland and Washington Railroad. Woodbridge served in the Vermont Senate in 1860 and 1861, serving as president pro tempore in the latter year.