After Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II, the passion play came under increasing pressure from American Jews because of its anti-Semitic elements. In 1950, playwright Arthur Miller and composer Leonard Bernstein led a petition to cancel the passion play. However, the townspeople defiantly restaged the 1934 play. In the 1970s, Oberammergau invited representatives from Jewish organizations to revise the play, and revisions were approved by a Christian theological advisor. However, only minor revisions were made in the 1980 play. Change finally came in 1986, when generational turnover in the Community Council resulted in the 24-year-old Christian Stückl becoming director. Stückl narrowly survives an attempt by conservative members of the Community Council to fire him in 1989. All traces of anti-Semitism were eliminated in the 1990 play. The most radical changes came in 2000, when the story was reinterpreted as an inner-Jewish conflict, with some Jews supporting and others opposing the crufixion of Jesus. Muslims were allowed to perform in the Passion Play for the first time in 2000.