A distinct early modernist "Heimatschutz" architectural style, characterised by traditional and regional building structural shapes, became common mainly in residential constructions up to World War II and continued until the late 1950s. The homeland literature of the late 19th century, opposing the prevalent naturalist movement, was popularised by authors like Berthold Auerbach, Ludwig Ganghofer, Peter Rosegger, or the "Heath Poet" Hermann Löns. In the Wilhelmine era, the middle-class educated "Heimatschutz" milieus increasingly adopted an anti-Modernist stance and developed strong ties with nationalist and chauvinist "Völkisch" circles. On the other hand, the idea of 'homeland protection' also became the concept of labour movements such as the German Friends of Nature ("Naturfreunde").