Although previous research pointed to the convergence of the exact genetic development of the same genes and developmental and cellular pathways to make an electric organ in the different lineages, more recent genomic research has proven more nuanced. Comparative transcriptomics of the Mormyroidea, Siluriformes, and Gymnotiformes lineages conducted by Liu (2019) concluded that although there is no parallel evolution of the entire transcriptomes of electric organs among different lineages, there are a significant number of genes that exhibit parallel gene expression changes at the level of pathways and biological functions. Even though electric organs from these diverse lineages may have resulted from different genetic alterations, the genes that changed expression during the evolution from skeletal muscle to discharge organs were likely genes with similar functions within their respective organism. These results solidify the hypothesis that it is not different genes but conserved biological functions that play a crucial role in the convergence of this particular complex phenotype. Despite different genes being involved in the development process of the electric organ, the ultimate result was obtained via similar wholescale pathways and biological functions.