Yet twenty-first century historians argue that male midwives’ efforts at increasing their acceptability had some unintended consequences. Because their efforts coincided with the English economy’s transformation "into a commercial and financial powerhouse," scholars such as Mary E. Fissell argue that contemporary popular literature and vernacular medical books, including "Aristotle’s Masterpiece", depict “relations [… as market relations, with men as active purchasers and women as the passive objects of consumption. The idea of women’s bodies as commodities was therefore reinforced and propagated in a nation increasingly driven by its economy.