In December 2005, 29 people were arrested by the Brazilian government for illegally encroaching on Kawahiva land. Those arrested included businessmen, loggers, and squatters, and were believed to be allied with local farmers. A federal investigation into the possible genocide of the Kawahiva was launched. Ninety arrest warrants were issued as part of the investigation, but ultimately no one was tried. The territory's legal protection later removed again, but was reinstated late in 2007. In 2012, the land was turned into an official reservation granting additional protection for the Kawahiva, but farmers and loggers wishing to develop the region remained hostile toward the tribe.