Before the middle of the 19th century, many different denominations were minted, often with values in terms of the "real" which increased over time. For example, the "cruzado" was introduced at a value of 324 "real branco" in the reign of King João II. It was fixed at a value of 400 "réis" during King João III's reign and this remained the value of the silver "cruzado" until the reign of King Pedro II, when it was revalued to 480 "réis". Meanwhile, the gold "cruzado" rose in value to 750 "réis" in the reign of King João IV, then to 875 "réis" in the reign of King Afonso VI before its demise. Two denominations which did not change their values were the "vintém" of 20 "réis" and the "tostão" of 100 "réis".