Following the invasion of Poland, Katzmann led "Selbstschutz" executioners during murder operations in Wrocław, and in Katowice, and on November 30, 1939 became the Higher SS and Police Leader of occupied Radom. In the spring of 1940 he set up the Radom Ghetto for 32,000 Jews followed by wanton violence and plunder for personal gain. He remained in Radom until Operation Barbarossa during which he was transferred to Lwów as the Higher SS and Police Leader (SSPF) Lemberg. He was promoted to "SS" Brig. General on 21 June 1941, and remained in Lwów until April 20, 1943.