Several Aramaic targums of Esther were produced in the Middle Ages, of which three survive – the "Targum Rishon" ("First Targum" or 1TgEsth) and "Targum Sheni" ("Second Targum" or 2TgEsth) dated c. 500–1000 AD, which include additional legends relating to Purim, and the "Targum Shelishi" ("Third Targum" or 3TgEsth), which Berliner and Goshen-Gottstein argued was the ur-Targum from which the others had been expanded, but which others consider only a late recension of the same. 3TgEsth is the most manuscript-stable of the three, and by far the most literal.