The "Hagakure" contains many sayings attributed to Sengoku-period retainer Nabeshima Naoshige (1537–1619) regarding "bushidō" related philosophy early in the 18th century by Yamamoto Tsunetomo (1659–1719), a former retainer to Naoshige's grandson, Nabeshima Mitsushige. The Hagakure was compiled in the early 18th century, but was kept as a kind of "secret teaching" of the Nabeshima clan until the end of the Tokugawa "bakufu" (1867). His saying, ""I have found the way of the warrior is death"", was a summation of the focus on honour and reputation over all else that "bushidō" codified. This is occasionally misinterpreted that Bushido is a code of death. The true meaning is by having a constant consciousness of death, people can achieve a state of freedom that transcends life and death, whereby ""it is possible to perfectly fulfill one's calling as a warrior.""