was a conservative, proslavery interpreter of slavery and the slaves ... In "Life and Labor in the Old South" Phillips failed to revise his interpretation of slavery significantly. His basic arguments—the duality of slavery as an economic cancer but a vital mode of racial control—can be traced back to his earliest writings. Less detailed but more elegantly written than "American Negro Slavery," Phillips's "Life and Labor" was a general synthesis rather than a monograph. His racism appeared less pronounced in "Life and Labor" because of its broad scope. Fewer racial slurs appeared in 1929 than in 1918, but Phillips's prejudice remained. The success of "Life and Labor" earned Phillips the year-long Albert Kahn Foundation Fellowship in 1929-30 to observe blacks and other laborers worldwide. In 1929 Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, appointed Phillips professor of history.