Tungiasis is an inflammatory skin disease caused by infection with the female ectoparasitic "Tunga penetrans" (also known as chigoe flea, jigger, nigua or sand flea; NOTE: not chigger), found in the tropical parts of Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and India. "Tunga penetrans" is the smallest known flea, measuring 1 mm across. It is also known in Latin America as the "nigua" and "bicho de pie" (Spanish) or "bicho de pé" (Portuguese), literally ""foot bug"". "Tunga penetrans" is a member of the genus "Tunga", which comprises 13 species.