The materialist philosopher Yang Xiong (53 BCE – 18 CE) used both "panlong" and "longpan". His "Fangyan" "Regional Speech" dictionary (12, tr. Visser 1913:73) defined "panlong" "coiled/curled dragon", "Dragons which do not yet ascend to heaven "tianlong" "heavenly dragon" are called "p'an-lung"." His "Fayan" "Words to Live By" anthology (4, tr. Carr 1990:112) coined the metaphor "longpan" (lit. "dragon coiling") "person of unrecognized talent", "'a dragon coiled in the mud will be insulted by a newt,' meaning 'a sage will be ridiculed by a fool'."