Proponents of split roll have said the intent of Proposition 13 was to protect residential property taxes from spiking and say the broad application of Proposition 13 to commercial property is a loophole while opponents say voters deliberately sought to extend Proposition 13 protections to commercial property by rejecting a split roll promoted by Jerry Brown in 1978 (Proposition 8 on the same ballot), with a vote of 53-47%, and instead voted for Proposition 13 with nearly 65% of the vote. A newspaper article published shortly following the passage of Proposition 13 confirms the latter interpretation.