In some programming languages, given a two-argument function codice_1 (or a binary operator), the outer product of codice_1 and two one-dimensional arrays codice_3 and codice_4 is a two-dimensional array codice_5 such that codice_6. This is syntactically represented in various ways: in APL, as the infix binary operator <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>∘.f</syntaxhighlight>; in J, as the postfix adverb <syntaxhighlight lang=j inline>f/</syntaxhighlight>; in R, as the function <syntaxhighlight lang=r inline>outer(A, B, f)</syntaxhighlight> or the special <syntaxhighlight lang=r inline>%o%</syntaxhighlight>; in Mathematica, as <syntaxhighlight lang=mathematica inline>OuterA, B</syntaxhighlight>. In MATLAB, the function <syntaxhighlight lang=matlab inline>kron(A, B)</syntaxhighlight> is used for this product. These often generalize to multi-dimensional arguments, and more than two arguments.