In each case an attempt was made to identify why the undertaking was given, and the undertakings were allocated into three categories. “Sexual” indicates that there was an allegation of sexual misconduct, either proven or unproven, and involving either patients or co-workers. “Explicable” indicates that the reason for the undertaking was non-sexual, but there appeared to be some other good reason why it was appropriate, for example, dishonesty, incapacity or a repeated failure to remediate. “Inexplicable” forms by far the largest category and indicates either that the reason given was vague (”incompetence”, “professional misconduct”, “failure to uphold the standards of the profession” or similar) or that it appeared to be an inappropriately harsh penalty (over-prescribing of opioids, for example, could be easily remedied by placing restrictions on the physician’s licence).