In 1642, the was written by samurai "Saitō Chikamori" (斎藤親盛, 1603-1674) (ex-vassal of the Mogami clan from Yamagata Domain) and published. Chikamori's pen name was Nyoraishi (如儡子). The kashoki are 5 scrolls with wide-ranging content, including samurai knowledge with moral precepts, the knowledge of ordinary people, the teachings of Confucian Buddhism, and narrative ones. It has moral precepts which explain theoretical aspects of Bushido. The 5th scroll has an important definition that was made by a samurai: Thus the first known description of morality in Bushido and the "bushido spirit" was the Kashoki.