A conference on Anti-Semitism and Racism called "Carrying It On: Organizing Against Anti-Semitism and Racism for Jewish Activist and College Students" was held in Philadelphia in November 1991. Over 500 Jewish activists and allies from other communities gathered for workshops aiming to learn about and mobilize against institutionalized racism in the U.S. and to analyze the relationship between anti-Semitism and racism. Julian Bond, African-American SNCC founder, Georgia senator, and future chairman of the NAACP (1998-2010), offered a Keynote speech detailing the history of black-Jewish relations over the past 250 years in the U.S.