The above property can be informally observed by considering the primes of a chain in base 2. (Note that, as with all bases, multiplying by the base "shifts" the digits to the left; e.g. in decimal we have 314 × 10 = 3140.) When we consider  formula_10 in base 2, we see that, by multiplying  formula_15 by 2, the least significant digit of  formula_15 becomes the secondmost least significant digit of  formula_17. Because formula_15 is odd—that is, the least significant digit is 1 in base 2–we know that the secondmost least significant digit of  formula_17 is also 1. And, finally, we can see that  formula_17 will be odd due to the addition of 1 to formula_21. In this way, successive primes in a Cunningham chain are essentially shifted left in binary with ones filling in the least significant digits. For example, here is a complete length 6 chain which starts at 141361469: