Nine of the peninsular states, based on historical Malay kingdoms, are known as the Malay states. Each Malay state has a hereditary ruler as titular head of state and an executive Chief Minister or "Menteri Besar" as politically responsible head of government. The rulers of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu are styled Sultans. Negeri Sembilan's elective ruler holds the title of "Yamtuan Besar", whereas the ruler of Perlis is titled "Raja". The federal head of state, the "Yang di-Pertuan Agong" (commonly referred to as "King" in English) is elected (de facto rotated) among the nine rulers to serve a 5-year term. Former British settlements and crown colonies of Penang and Malacca (both peninsular), and Sabah and Sarawak (both on Borneo) each have a titular Governor (styled "Yang di-Pertua Negeri") appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and an executive Chief Minister or "Ketua Menteri".