"Bushidō" expanded and formalized the earlier code of the "samurai", and stressed sincerity, frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honour to the death. Under the "bushidō" ideal, if a "samurai" failed to uphold his honor he could only regain it by performing "seppuku" (ritual suicide). The core of Bushido consists of a combination of teachings from Japan's three main philosophical traditions: 1. Buddhist precepts of serenity, stoicism, and non-attachment to life. 2. Shinto notions of fidelity and patriotism, and 3. Confucian morality. People imbued with can serenely carry out their work in the face of any adversity, and have the willpower to master themselves. Taira Shigesuke, Daidōji Yūzan wrote Bushido Shoshinshu (武道初心集) (pre-1730) which provides practical and moral instructions for samurai to improve personal, social and professional standards.