The Ming "tusi" were categorized into civil and military ranks. The civilian tusi were given the titles of "Tu Zhifu" ("native prefecture"), "Tu Zhizhou" ("native department") and "Tu Zhixian" ("native county") according to the size and population of their domains. Nominally, they had the same rank as their counterparts in the regular administration system The central government gave more autonomy to those military tusi who controlled areas with fewer Han Chinese people and had underdeveloped infrastructure. They pledged loyalty to the Ming emperor but had almost unfettered power within their domains.  