There was not much domestic market for "shin-hanga" prints in Japan. "Ukiyo-e" prints were considered by the Japanese as mass commercial products, as opposed to the European view of "ukiyo-e" as fine art during the climax of Japonisme. After decades of modernization and Westernization during the Meiji era, architecture, art and clothing in Japan came to follow Western modes. Japanese art students were trained in the Western tradition. Western oil paintings ("yōga") were considered high art and received official recognition from the Bunten (The Ministry of Education Fine Arts Exhibition). "Shin-hanga" prints, on the other hand, were considered as a variation of the outdated "ukiyo-e". They were dismissed by the Bunten and were subordinated under oil paintings and sculptures.