The first major proposal for the use of voting machines came from the Chartists in 1838. Among the radical reforms called for in "The People's Charter" were universal suffrage and voting by secret ballot. This required major changes in the conduct of elections, and as responsible reformers, the Chartists not only demanded reforms but described how to accomplish them, publishing "Schedule A", a description of how to run a polling place, and "Schedule B", a description of a voting machine to be used in such a polling place.