This frontier view of the future is only one of many ways to look at space exploration, and not one embraced by all science-fiction writers. The Turkey City Lexicon, a document produced by the Turkey City science-fiction writers' workshop, condemns the space Western as the "most pernicious" form of a pre-established background that avoids the necessity of creating a fresh world. "Galaxy Science Fiction" ran an advertisement on its back cover, "You'll never see it in Galaxy", which gave the beginnings of make-believe parallel Western and science-fiction stories featuring a character named Bat Durston. Such scathing attacks on the subgenre, along with further attacks on space operas, caused a perception that all space Westerns were by definition hack writing and not "true" science fiction. Although the underlying themes remained influential, this bias persisted until the 1980s, when the release of the film "Outland" and children's cartoons such as "Bravestarr" and "The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers" re-popularized explicit themes of cowboys in space. In the late 1990s, anime series such as "Cowboy Bebop" and manga such as "Outlaw Star" and "Trigun" became prime examples of the genre.