The first brilliant cuts were introduced in the middle of the 17th century. Known as "Mazarins", they had 17 facets on the crown (upper half). They are also called "double-cut" brilliants as they are seen as a step up from old single cuts. Vincent Peruzzi, a Venetian polisher, later increased the number of crown facets from 17 to 33 ("triple-cut" or "Peruzzi" brilliants), thereby significantly increasing the fire and brilliance of the cut gem, properties that in the Mazarin were already incomparably better than in the rose. Yet Peruzzi-cut diamonds, when seen nowadays, seem exceedingly dull compared to modern-cut brilliants. Because the practice of bruting had not yet been developed, these early brilliants were all rounded squares or rectangles in cross-section (rather than circular). Given the general name of "cushion"—what are known today as "old mine cuts"—these were common by the early 18th century. Sometime later the "old European cut" was developed, which had a shallower pavilion, more rounded shape, and different arrangement of facets. The old European cut was the forerunner of modern brilliants and was the most advanced in use during the 19th century.