Ferugliotheriidae is one of three known families in the order Gondwanatheria, an enigmatic group of extinct mammals. Gondwanatheres have been classified as a group of uncertain affinities or as members of Multituberculata, a major extinct mammalian order. The best-known representative of Ferugliotheriidae is the genus "Ferugliotherium" from the Late Cretaceous epoch in Argentina. A second genus, "Trapalcotherium", is known from a single tooth, a first lower (molar-like tooth), from a different Late Cretaceous Argentinean locality. Another genus known from a single tooth (in this case, a fourth lower premolar), "Argentodites", was first described as an unrelated multituberculate, but later identified as possibly related to "Ferugliotherium". Finally, a single tooth from the Paleogene of Peru, LACM 149371, perhaps a last upper molariform, and a recent specimen from Mexico, may represent related animals.