The evidence remains ambiguous, though compelling. Lopinot and Ray remain hopefully skeptical about their finds and have subjected them to experimentation and scrutiny. The flakes found in the gravel layer may be zoofacts, created by the actions of animals. Using experimental archaeology, similar chert pebbles were subjected to the traffic of African elephants. This "foot traffic" fractured the pebbles and created derbitage and flakes very similar to those found at the site. Some flake types present in the Pre-Clovis level, though, were notably absent from the experimental results; interior flakes and biface thinning flakes (Chandler 2001b).