The urban part of today's Zenica has already formed in the younger Stone Age – Neolithic, and especially later in the time of Illyrians – today, toponyms of their 'gradinas' are proof for that: Gradišće, Gračanica, Gradac. A specific locality 'Gradina' in Kopilo village indicates that Zenica and surrounding farther places had organized prehistoric human life about 2,000 years B.C. There is a weak question of the presence of the Illyrian Old-Balkan tribe Daesitiates in Zenica region. Solution can be direct proofs from toponomastic material – such as the toponym 'Gradina' which survived until today in the names of the mentioned settlements Gradac, Gradišće and Gračanica. Daesitiates are a result of ethnic-social development of the mentioned early human life in prehistory; the transition period from the Bronze to the Iron Age resulted with Daesitiates emerging at the Lašva–Drina rivers belt. The tribe Daesitiates confronted the Romans in 34 B.C.; the Romans did not make a long-lasting triumph, and the Illyrians were defeated in the city of Arduba, which was burnt down in 6–9 A.C. That is how the royal city of Vranduk probably existed in the time of Illyrians, under the name Arduba.