A scathing 60-page summary ruling on the case by Mr. Justice Brian Trafford, puts the police and the justice system in an unenviable light. The selective use of leg irons, belly chains and handcuffs on the three suspects displayed "cultural insensitivity towards black people," stated Judge Trafford. He also found that to this day Toronto police have "never comprehensively investigated allegations of abuse." Activists, angry at the use of shackles, have brought up the spectre of the slave trade. They have pointed out that Paul Bernardo was never shackled in court.