Little would be known about Azemmouri were it not for the fact that Cabeza de Vaca published the "Relación", a book about their 8-year survival journey, in 1542 and again in 1555. It was the first published book describing the peoples, wildlife, flora and fauna of inland North America, and the first to describe the American bison. In the "Relación", Cabeza de Vaca often referred to Azemmouri as "the black" and described him as the one who went in advance of the other three survivors, as he was the most able to communicate with the native Indians that they encountered. In the last sentence of the "Relación" Cabeza de Vaca identifies "the black" who had been on the survival journey. In a translation done by Sterling Professor Rolena Adorn (Yale University) and researcher Charles Patrick Pautz, it is translated as, "The fourth is named Estevanico; he is an Arabic-speaking black man, a native of Azamor". Another translation, done by Professors Martin A Favata (University of Tampa) and José B. Fernández (University of Central Florida) translated the last sentence as "The fourth is named Estebanico, he is a black Arab and a native of Azamor"