Pacifiers were a development of hard teething rings, but they were also a substitute for the softer "sugar tits", "sugar-teats" or "sugar-rags" which had been in use in 19th century America. A writer in 1873 described a "sugar-teat" made from "a small piece of old linen" with a "spoonful of rather sandy sugar in the center of it", "gathered ... up into a little ball" with a thread tied tightly around it. Rags with foodstuffs tied inside were also given to babies in many parts of Northern Europe and elsewhere. In some places a lump of meat or fat was tied in cloth, and sometimes the rag was moistened with brandy. German-speaking areas might use "Lutschbeutel", cloth wrapped around sweetened bread or maybe poppy-seeds.