However, for Kalupahana, this classification of "ālayavijñāna" and "manas" as an eighth and seventh category of consciousness is based on a misunderstanding of Vasubandhu's "Triṃśikaikā-kārikā" by later adherents. Instead referring to separate consciousnesses, Kalupahana interprets these terms as referring to a function or transformation of consciousness. These transformations are threefold according to Kalupahana. The first is the "ālaya" and its seeds, which is the flow or stream of consciousness, without any of the usual projections on top of it. The second transformation is "manana", self-consciousness or "Self-view, self-confusion, self-esteem and self-love". It is "thinking" about the various perceptions occurring in the stream of consciousness". The "ālaya" is defiled by this self-interest. The third transformation is "visaya-vijñapti", the ""concept" of the object". In this transformation the "concept" of objects is created. By creating these concepts human beings become "susceptible to grasping after the object" as if it were a real object ("sad artha") even though it is just a conception ("vijñapti").