The Barry Railway Company was a railway and docks company in South Wales, first incorporated as the "Barry Dock and Railway Company" in 1884. It arose out of frustration among Rhondda coalowners at congestion and high charges at Cardiff Docks as well the monopoly held by the Taff Vale Railway in transporting coal from the Rhondda. In addition, the Taff Vale did not have the required capacity for the mineral traffic using the route, leading to lengthy delays in getting to Cardiff.