The first character can be considered to modify the second or can be understood as standing alongside it in modifying the third. Thus, the "Tao Te Ching" can be translated as "The Classic of the Way's Virtue(s)", "The Book of the Tao and Its Virtue", or "The Book of the Way and of Virtue". It has also been translated as "The Tao and its Characteristics", "The Canon of Reason and Virtue", "The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way", and "A Treatise on the Principle and Its Action".