Steinbeck's narrative has been challenged as partly fictionalized. Bill Steigerwald, a former staff writer for "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette" and an associate editor for "Pittsburgh Tribune-Review", followed the route as it is laid out in the "Travels with Charley," and wrote about it in a 2011 article titled "Sorry, Charley," published in "Reason" magazine. He later self-published his analysis in a 2012 book, titled "Dogging Steinbeck". Steigerwald concluded that "Travels" contains such a level of invention, and Steinbeck took such great liberty with the truth, that the work has limited claim to being non-fiction.