The earliest use of the written term is in the Kōyō Gunkan in 1616 by Kōsaka Masanobu. In 1685, the ukiyo-e book by artist Hishikawa Moronobu included the term and artwork of samurai with simple descriptions meant for children. In 1642, the was written by samurai Saito Chikamori and included moral precepts which explained the theoretical aspects of bushido. It was written with accessible kana and intended for commoners, not warriors. It was very popular, demonstrating that the idea of bushido had spread among the population. The Kashoki shows that moral values were present in bushido by 1642. The term, bushido, came into common international usage with the 1899 publication of Nitobe Inazō's "" which was read by many influential western people. In "Bushido" (1899), Nitobe wrote: