As of 2003, Icke claims the reptilian bloodline includes all American presidents, three British and two Canadian prime ministers, several Sumerian kings and Egyptian pharaohs, and a smattering of celebrities. Key bloodlines are said to include the Rockefellers, Rothschilds, various European aristocratic families, the establishment families of the Eastern United States, and the British House of Windsor. Icke has claimed that he saw former British Prime Minister Ted Heath's eyes turn entirely "jet black" while the two men waited for a Sky News interview in 1989. He confirmed to Andrew Neil in May 2016 that he believes the British royal family are shape-shifting lizards. In 2001, Icke said the Queen Mother was "seriously reptilian"/ The Rothschilds, in Icke's opinion, are also blood-drinking, Satan-worshipers, which Daniel Allington and David Toube in 2018, argued was part of a revival of medieval anti-Semitic attitudes towards Jews.