In her book "Galileo's Middle Finger" (2015), bioethicist Alice Dreger accused Bailey's "sworn enemies" of using "every clever trick in the book—juxtaposing events in misleading ways, ignoring contrary evidence, working the rhetoric, and using anonymity whenever convenient, to make it look as though virtually every trans woman represented in Bailey’s book had felt abused by him and had filed a charge". One of Bailey's critics, the economic historian Deirdre McCloskey, argued that the critics' actions had not overstepped the boundaries of fair comment about what she saw as an "unscientific" opinion.