The subject of sex was frequently investigated in Arabic literature. The "ghazal" or love poem had a long history, being at times tender and chaste and at other times rather explicit. In the Sufi tradition, the love poem would take on wider, mystical and religious importance. Sex manuals were also written such as "The Perfumed Garden", "Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah" or "The Dove's Neckring" by ibn Hazm and "Nuzhat al-albab fi-ma la yujad fi kitab" or "Delight of Hearts Concerning What will Never Be Found in a Book" by Ahmad al-Tifashi. Countering such works are one like "Rawdat al-muhibbin wa-nuzhat al-mushtaqin" or "Meadow of Lovers and Diversion of the Infatuated" by ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah who advises on how to separate love and lust and avoid sin.