The term "Patriotic War" refers to the Russian resistance to the French invasion of Russia under Napoleon I, which became known as the "Patriotic War of 1812". In Russian, the term originally referred to a war on one's own territory ( means "the fatherland"), as opposed to a campaign abroad (), and later was reinterpreted as a war the fatherland, i.e. a defensive war for one's homeland. Sometimes the Patriotic War of 1812 was also referred to as the "Great Patriotic War" (); the phrase first appeared in 1844 and became popular on the eve of the centenary of the Patriotic War of 1812.