The Russian legal profession is unregulated, but there have been moves towards unification and regulation recently. Anyone with a legal education (lawyer) can practice law, but only a member of the "" () may practice before a criminal court and Constitutional Court. Legal education has traditionally begun with the specialist degree in law (), but after Russia's accession to the Bologna process only bachelor of laws and master of laws degrees are available in Russian institutions of higher education. An "advocate" is an attorney (lawyer) who has demonstrated qualification and belongs to an organizational structure of advocates specified by law, known as being "called to the bar" in commonwealth countries.