The methods of "methodical prayer" as taught by the "Devotio Moderna" group in northern Europe had entered Spain and were known in the early 16th century. The book "The Imitation of Christ" which was known in Spain as "Contemptus mundi" became known in Spain, and while Teresa probably did not initially know of Guigo II's methods she was likely influenced by its teachings via the works of Francisco de Osuna which she studied. Teresa's contemporary and collaborator, John of the Cross continued the tradition of Guigo II and taught the 4 stages of Lectio Divina. By the 19th century the importance of Biblical meditation had also been firmly established in the Protestant spiritual tradition.