David Lynch's 2001 film "Mulholland Drive" deals with similar themes of identity and has two female characters whose identities appear to merge. With its thematic similarities, the film's "mysterious dreamlike quality" is evidence of Bergman's (and particularly "Persona's") influence. David Fincher's "Fight Club" refers to "Persona" subliminal erect penis. Parallels to "two (usually isolated) women in an intense relationship slowly blending and morphing into one another" may be seen in the competing ballerinas in Darren Aronofsky's "Black Swan" (2010) and the sisters in Lars von Trier's "Melancholia" (2011). In 2016, "The Independent" reported on a video essay about "Persona"s influence that compared shots in "Don't Look Now" (1973), "Apocalypse Now" (1979) and "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991); some shots predated "Persona", and appear in Alfred Hitchcock's "Vertigo" (1958) and "Psycho" (1960).