Several reviewers of the late 20th century describe the Little Tramp as developing into the Jewish barber. In "Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s", Thomas Schatz writes of "Chaplin's Little Tramp transposed into a meek Jewish barber", while, in "Hollywood in Crisis: Cinema and American Society, 1929–1939", Colin Shindler writes, "The universal Little Tramp is transmuted into a specifically Jewish barber whose country is about to be absorbed into the totalitarian empire of Adenoid Hynkel." Finally, in "A Distant Technology: Science Fiction Film and the Machine Age", J. P. Telotte writes that "The little tramp figure is here reincarnated as the Jewish barber".