The major theme of these questions about adventure therapy is effectiveness. A group has emerged arguing that before any other question can be answered, the properties that influence the effectiveness of adventure therapy must be answered. This group argues that theory-driven research instead of outcome-driven inquiry will answer this question. Outcome-driven research has generated many conflicting findings that confuse theoretical structure and explanations of effectiveness. The outcomes in adventure therapy research are linked to existing psychological theories of change to explain, modify, or validate AT theory. The theories of change have upwards of 400 forms of therapy and related practices that have emerged from a conglomeration of ideas within psychology.