In the 1783 Treaty of Paris, Great Britain ceded control of the region, but the native nations were not party to these negotiations, and the new United States was no longer bound by British treaties with native nations. Allan Maclean at Fort Niagara reported that the native nations could neither believe that the British would cede control of the region to the United States, nor that the U.S. would accept such agreements. Many preferred to trade with the British rather than the young United States, and British agents continued to operate in the western region and incite the residents. The Iroquois and the western tribes met on the Sandusky Bay in the same year and, after listening to the pan-Indian ideals of Joseph Brant and Alexander McKee, pledged that no one would concede land to the United States without permission of the entire association. Fighting in the west did not end with the treaty, however. 40 Pennsylvanians and Virginians were killed by Native Americans in Spring 1784, and conflicts continued in Kentucky.