In 1923 the Wonderland Club and the Appalachian Club instigated the formation of the Great Smoky Mountains Conservation Association. The Association, led by Colonel David Chapman, campaigned for the creation of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. On May 22, 1926, President Calvin Coolidge signed a bill committing the federal government to administer the land for a national park in the Great Smokies as soon as Tennessee and North Carolina donated 150,000 acres (610 km²) and to begin park development when the states donated . The Clubs managed to maintain the concession of Elkmont by virtue of leases authorized by Congress when the park was formed. The leases were for $1 a year. In exchange for the $1 the Park service provided a water system, sanitation system, road upkeep, police coverage etc.