In the late 1930s, this approach reappeared mainly as camping programs designed for troubled youth. The era influenced present-day use and extent of adventure therapy programs with adolescents. The format for these programs utilized observation, diagnosis, and psychotherapy. One of the first of these programs was Salesmanship Club Camp, based in Dallas, Texas, founded by Campbell Loughmiller in 1946. His philosophy of adventure in therapy included the theory that the "…perception of danger and immediate natural consequences for lack of cooperation on the part of [participants…confronting danger built self-esteem, suffering natural consequences taught the real need for cooperation." His ideas informed some adventure therapy programs.