With the "Overflow" program, scientists tried to reconnoiter the overflow of the cold Arctic ground water over the submarine ridge between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Nine research ships of five European countries took a stake in. This program was repeated at a larger scale: thirteen research ships of seven countries were on its way. Denmark appointed the "Dana" and the "Jens Christian Svabo", Iceland the "Bjarni Sæmundson", Canada the "Hudson", Norway the "Helland Hansen", USSR the "Boris Davydov" and the "Professor Zubov", Great Britain the "Challenger", the "Shackleton" and the "Explorer", West Germany the "Meteor", the "Walther Herwig", and the "Meerkatze II".