Williams's work throughout the 1970s and 1980s, in "Morality: An Introduction to Ethics" (1972), "Problems of the Self" (1973), "Utilitarianism: For and Against" with J. J. C. Smart (1973), "Moral Luck" (1981) and "Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy" (1985), outlined his attacks on the twin pillars of ethics: utilitarianism and the moral philosophy of the 18th-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Martha Nussbaum wrote that his work "denounced the trivial and evasive way in which moral philosophy was being practised in England under the aegis of those two dominant theories." "Both theories simplified the moral life," she wrote, "neglecting emotions and personal attachments and how sheer luck shapes our choices." (Williams said in 1996: "Roughly, if it isn't about obligation or consequences, it doesn't count.")