Nadsat is English with some borrowed words from Russian. It also contains influences from Cockney rhyming slang, the King James Bible, German, some words of unclear origin and some that Burgess invented. The word "nadsat" is the suffix of Russian numerals from 11 to 19 (-надцать). The suffix is an almost exact linguistic parallel to the English '-teen' and is derived from "на", meaning "on" and a shortened form of "десять", the number ten. "Droog" is Russian друг "close friend". Some of the words are almost childish plays on English words, such as "eggiweg" ("egg") and "appy polly loggy" ("apology"), as well as regular English slang "sod" and "snuff it". The word "like" and the expression "the old" are often used as fillers or discourse markers.