The Luftwaffe's reprieve did not last long into 1944. The OKL organised and created "Luftflotte Reich". JG 1 was assigned to "Jagdivision" 3 with JG 3. JG 1 was responsible for the air defence of the Netherlands, JG 3, the Rhineland. At JG 1, "Oberst" Walter Oesau took command from Graf in November 1943. While the Luftwaffe's organisational changes were cosmetic the USAAF underwent equipment, strategic and organisational changes which it was able to conduct a war of attrition against the German fighter arm in 1944. JG 1 was in reasonable shape. On 31 December 1943, the order of battle for "Jagddivision" 3 mustered the following; Stabsschwarm two Fw 190s (one operational) at Deelen, I. "Gruppe" 29 Fw 190s (27) at Dortmund, II. "Gruppe" 18 (14) Fw 190s at Rheine and III. "Gruppe", 42 (36) Bf 109s at Volkel Airfield.