From the 10th century onward, Slovak began to develop independently. Very few written records of Old Slovak remain, mainly from the 13th century onwards, consisting of groups of words or single sentences. Fuller Slovak texts appeared starting from 15th century. The old Slovak language and its development can be research mainly through old Slovak toponyms, petrificated within Latin texts. Examples include "crali" (1113) > "kráľ", king; "dorz" (1113) > "dvorec"; "grinchar" (1113) > "hrnčiar", potter; "mussenic" (1113) > "mučeník", martyr; "scitar" (1113) > "štítar", shieldmaker; "zaltinc" (1156) > "zlatník", goldmaker; "duor" (1156) > "dvor", courtyard; and "otroč" (1156) > "otrok", slave, servant. In 1294, the monk Ivanka from Kláštor pod Znievom wrote: ""ad parvam arborem nystra slowenski breza ubi est meta"". It is important mainly because it contains the oldest recorded adjective "Slovak" in the Slovak language, whose modern form is "slovensky". Up until this point, all adjectives were recorded mainly in Latin, including "sclavus", "slavus" and "sclavoniae".