In a 2006 judicial review, "R (on the application of Axon) v Secretary of State for Health", the High Court affirmed "Gillick" in allowing for medical confidentiality for teenagers seeking an abortion. The court rejected a claim that not granting parent's a "right to know" whether their child had sought an abortion, birth control or contraception breached Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The "Axon" case set out a list of criteria that a doctor must meet when deciding whether to provide treatment to an under-16 child without informing their parents: they must be convinced that they can understand all aspects of the advice, that the patient's physical or mental health is likely to suffer without medical advice, that it is in the best interests of the patient to provide medical advice, that (in provision of contraception) they are likely to have sex whether contraception is provided or not, and that they have made an effort to convince the young person to disclose the information to their parents.