A still ongoing polemic involves the phrase ""rex illorum Chacanus"" , ""rex illorum Chaganos"" . The phrase belongs to the written presentation to the emperor, and in context names the king of the Rus'; king Chacanus or Chaganos. has recently made observations on the likelihood that chacanus is the correct, i.e. original term. The traditional interpretation is that 'rex illorum Chacanus' is meant to be understood as khagan, not actually a person's name, but instead an entirely foreign kind of sovereignty. However, there is an alternative interpretation, that "Chacanus" is a Latin transcription of the Scandinavian proper name "Håkan" since in mainstream scholarship the Rus' people, who lived in northern Russia, had their ancestral homeland in Sweden. Garipzanov holds to the latter and finds that the form 'chacanus' is a unique occurrence in Frankish sources; variants hereof, in the Carolingian sources, that do signify the foreign form of sovereignty are "caganus", "chagan", "kagan" and also "chaganum".