In the "Crisis of German Ideology", he traced how the "German Revolution" became anti-Jewish, and in "Towards the Final Solution" (1979) he wrote a general history of racism in Europe. He argued that although racism was originally directed towards blacks, it was subsequently applied to Jews. In "Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectable and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe" (1985), he claimed that there was a link between male eros, the German youth movement, and "völkisch" thought. Because of the dominance of the male image in so much nationalism, he decided to write the history of that stereotype in "The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity" (1996).