The film "Mad Max" (1979), directed by George Miller, presents a world in which oil resources have been nearly exhausted. This has resulted in constant energy shortages and a breakdown of law and order. The police do battle with criminal motorcycle gangs, with the end result being the complete breakdown of modern society and nuclear war as depicted in "Mad Max 2" (1981). The opening narration of "Mad Max 2" implies that the fuel shortage was caused not just by peak oil, but also by oil reserves being destroyed during a large scale conflict in the Middle East. The remnants of society survive either through scavenging, or in one notable case, as depicted in the third sequel "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome" (1985), by using methane derived from pig feces.