Section 93 of the "Constitution Act, 1867" awards jurisdiction over education to the provincial governments, with a few exceptions. Catholics have denominational school rights in Ontario. Both Catholics and Protestants had these rights in Quebec, until abrogated by the "Constitution Amendment, 1997 (Québec)". Quebec was and is predominantly Catholic (though the effects this has had on the province's politics have changed over the years; see Quiet Revolution). Section 17 of the Alberta Act, 1905 also guarantees denominational school rights for Catholics in Alberta. While the rights for Catholics and Protestants seem to contradict "Charter" values of equality, section 29 clarifies the privileges cannot be challenged on "Charter" grounds. It was inserted because the authors of the "Constitution Act, 1982" did not want to be held responsible for challenging the old system.