Less common is the "voltooid verleden tijd", which corresponds to the English past perfect. It is formed by combining an "onvoltooid verleden" form of "zijn" ("to be") or "hebben" ("to have") with the notional verb, for example: "Ik was daar voor gisteren al geweest." This means "I had been there before yesterday." This tense is used to indicate that one action in the past occurred before another past action, and that the action was fully finished before the second action took place.