2016 – RV "Zhang Jian" –– The newly launched 4,800-ton research vessel (and mothership for the "Rainbow Fish" series of deep submersibles), the "Zhang Jian" departed Shanghai on 3 December. Their cruise was to test three new deep-sea landers, one unmanned search submersible and the new "Rainbow Fish" 11,000-meter manned deep submersible, all capable of diving to 10,000 meters. From 25 to 27 December, three deep-sea landing devices descended into the trench. The first Rainbow Fish lander took photographs, the second took sediment samples, and the third took biological samples. All three landers reached over 10,000 meters, and the third device brought back 103 amphipods. Cui Weicheng, director of Hadal Life Science Research Center at Shanghai Ocean University, led the team of scientists to carry out research at the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench. The ship is part of China’s national marine research fleet but is owned by a Shanghai marine technology company.