Various religions in the Americas arose through the blending of West African traditions with Roman Catholicism; due to their shared origins, Cuban Santería and Haitian Vodou have been described as "sister religions" of Candomblé. Candomblé is not the only Afro-Brazilian religion, being closely related to another that also arose in the 19th century and involves the worship of the orixás, Umbanda. Umbanda is usually more open and public than Candomblé; while the latter employs songs in African languages, Umbanda's religious songs are sung in Portuguese. As a result, Candomblé is often regarded as being more African than Umbanda. Some practitioners engage in both practices; a temple that practices both refers to it as "Umbandomblé." Another Afro-Brazilian religion is Quimbanda, and is associated primarily with Rio de Janeiro, while the term Macumba has been used primarily to describe Afro-Brazilian traditions dealing with lower spirits, the "exus". Candomblé has also been influenced by Spiritism, although many Spiritists are keen to distinguish their tradition from Afro-Brazilian religions.