On 18 November, the High Court of Justice () was created, with the aim of judging members of the Vichy government charged of offences of "Indignité nationale" (Marshal Philippe Pétain, etc.) Other suspects were judged by the "Courts of Justice" (French: "Cours de justice"). A High Court of Justice already existed under the Third Republic: the Senate was then to organise a court to judge state leaders guilty of high treason. But this form of justice had been suppressed by Marshal Pétain's Fifth Constitutional Act of 30 July 1940, establishing the Vichy regime.