The developments in prose at this time were very significant, Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar (1861–1895), more famous under his pseudonym Kesari, was one of the first to explore the essay form in Malayalam. He was closely associated with periodicals like "Kerala Chandrika" (started in 1879 at Thiruvananthapuram), "Kerala Patrika" (started in 1884 by C. Kunhiraman Menon (1854–1936) and Appu Nedungadi (1866–1934) at Kozhikode), "Kerala Sanchari" (after 1898 under the editorship of Murkoth Kumaran) and the English Journal "Malabar Spectator". His "Vasanavikriti" is considered by historians and literary experts as the first short story in Malayalam literature. It was published in "Vidyavinodini" in 1891. "Fulmoni Ennum Koruna Ennum Peraya Randu Sthreekalude Katha" (Phulmōni ennuṁ kōruṇa ennuṁ pērāya ranṭu strīkaḷuṭe katha), a translation of Hana Catherine Mullens's Bengali novel "Fulmoni O Korunar Biboron" by Rev. Joseph Peet, is believed to be the first novel printed and released in Malayalam (1858). "Ghathakawadham" ("Ghātakavadhaṁ", 1877) by Rev. Richard Collins was the first novel printed and published in Malayalam with a story based in Kerala and around Malayalis.