Furthermore, twenty ships of twelve nations took part in the Cold Wall enterprise, which was another program of the IGY. The research was focused on the Cold Wall, which separates the warm, high-salt Gulf Stream and the cold, low-salt water masses of polar origin and stretches northwestwards from the Newfoundland banks to the Norwegian Sea. Later on, Germany also participated in the program with the "Antorn Dohrn" and the "Gauss". This was Germany's first participation after World War II. For the first time, the Soviet Union, which had a fleet of twenty research ships and one research dive station, took part in an international project during the IGY. Moreover, the USSR commissioned the research ships (5700 t) and "Michail Lomonosov" (6000 t) and the icebreaker "Ob". The IGY marked the beginning of a new exploration phase in the marine research characterized by international cooperation and synoptic researches.