Ian Miles of the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR), The University of Manchester, is one of the scholars on the study of 'Service Innovation'. He coined the term in his 1993 article in the journal "FUTURES", (Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 653–672,) [https://web.archive.org/web/20090830040130/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V65-45P15VV-7C&_user=494590&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F1993&_fmt=abstract&_orig=search&_cdi=5805&view=c&_acct=C000024058&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=494590&md5=8c83cb9d00e681e9af5eb61b70d80682&ref=full]. He listed a series of characteristic features of services, and associated these with particular types of innovation. Such innovations are often aimed at overcoming problems associated with service characteristics like the difficulty in demonstrating the service to the client, or the problems in storing and building up stocks of the service.