"Upamāna" (उपमान) means comparison and analogy. Some Hindu schools consider it as a proper means of knowledge. "Upamana", states Lochtefeld, may be explained with the example of a traveller who has never visited lands or islands with endemic population of wildlife. He or she is told, by someone who has been there, that in those lands you see an animal that sort of looks like a cow, grazes like cow but is different from a cow in such and such way. Such use of analogy and comparison is, state the Indian epistemologists, a valid means of conditional knowledge, as it helps the traveller identify the new animal later. The subject of comparison is formally called "upameyam", the object of comparison is called "upamanam", while the attribute(s) are identified as "samanya". Thus, explains Monier Williams, if a boy says "her face is like the moon in charmingness", "her face" is "upameyam", the moon is "upamanam", and charmingness is "samanya". The 7th century text Bhaṭṭikāvya in verses 10.28 through 10.63 discusses many types of comparisons and analogies, identifying when this epistemic method is more useful and reliable, and when it is not. In various ancient and medieval texts of Hinduism, 32 types of "Upanama" and their value in epistemology are debated.