The millennial residence of the Sephardim as an open and organised Jewish community in Iberia began to decline with the "Reconquista". That community's decline began with the Alhambra Decree by Spain's Catholic Monarchs in 1492. In 1496 Portuguese king Manuel I issued an edict of expulsion of Jews and Muslims. These actions resulted in a combination of internal and external migrations, mass conversions, and executions. In 2015, both Spain and Portugal passed laws allowing Sephardim who could prove their ancestral origins in those countries to apply for citizenship. Spain's law offering expedited citizenship expired in 2019, but Portugal citizenship is still available.