The country was in a state of chaos. Paredes took the position that the best way to preserve the country was to turn it into a monarchy with a Spanish sovereign. A royalist party was organized in Mexico City, favoring the Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville, cousin and brother-in-law of Queen Isabella II of Spain. In opposition to this, revolt broke out in Jalisco under General José María Yáñez on 21 May, and José Mariano Salas rose in the capital in August. Salas deposed Paredes and re-instituted federalism (4 August), proclaiming the return of Santa Anna and the convoking of a constituent congress.