In 2010, there were a recorded 167,363 practitioners in Brazil. The religion has also established a presence abroad, initially in other parts of Latin America like Argentina and Uruguay, and from the 1970s in Portugal. Since then, Candomblé has appeared elsewhere in Europe, including in Spain, France, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. In Brazil, Candomblé is a largely urban phenomenon. It is generally found among the poor, although their are terreiros whose membership is largely middle-class or upper-class. Most practitioners are poorer, black women; various anthropologists have observed a far higher number of females than males in the terreiros they studied. Despite its Afro-Brazilian origins, Candomblé has attracted those from other ethnic backgrounds; by the 1950s it was being described as a religion of mulattos and whites as well as blacks, while in a country like Germany it has attracted white followers with no Brazilian heritage.