More direct visual quotations began to appear in the 1970s. Gottfried Helnwein's painting "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" (1984) replaces the three patrons with American pop culture icons Humphrey Bogart, Marilyn Monroe, and James Dean, and the attendant with Elvis Presley. According to Hopper scholar Gail Levin, Helnwein connected the bleak mood of "Nighthawks" with 1950s American cinema and with "the tragic fate of the decade's best-loved celebrities." "Nighthawks Revisited", a 1980 parody by Red Grooms, clutters the street scene with pedestrians, cats, and trash. A 2005 Banksy parody shows a fat, shirtless soccer hooligan in Union Flag boxers standing inebriated outside the diner, apparently having just smashed the diner window with a nearby chair.