Rumours that the battle was not what it seemed commenced almost as soon as "Sydney" failed to reach Fremantle on schedule, some emanating from the highest levels in the administration, but it was not until Montgomery's "Who Sank The Sydney?" that a published work collated these rumours and challenged the accepted view of the battle. Frame and Olson both credit Montgomery with igniting the controversy; the former describes Montgomery's work as "a polemical, finger-pointing, brawling account" which, if not deliberately prepared to create a controversy, had that effect, while the latter claimed that the book only "sparked debate opened old and new wounds". The controversial views have been maintained and propagated by several organisations, such as the Sydney Research Group and End Secrecy on Sydney, and authors like McDonald and Samuels.