In East Asian esoteric Buddhism, Acala is classed among the wisdom kings ("vidyārāja") and is preeminent among the Five Wisdom Kings of the Womb Realm. Accordingly, he occupies an important hierarchical position in the Mandala of the Two Realms. In China, he is known as Budong Mingwang (不動明王, "Immovable Wisdom King", the Chinese translation of Sanskrit "Acala Vidyārāja"), while in Japan, he is called Fudō Myōō, the "on'yomi" reading of his Chinese name. Acala (as Fudō) is one of the especially important and well-known divinities in Japanese Buddhism, being especially venerated in the Shingon, Tendai, Zen, and Nichiren sects, as well as in Shugendō.