Fleas and ticks are common causes of physical irritation. In a study in Egypt, a species of "Hyalomma" was dominant in dromedaries, comprising 95.6% of the adult ticks isolated from the camels. In Israel, the number of ticks per camel ranged from 20 to 105. Nine camels in the date palm plantations in Arava Valley were injected with ivermectin, which is not effective against "Hyalomma" tick infestations. Larvae of the camel nasal fly "Cephalopsis titillator" can cause possibly fatal brain compression and nervous disorders. Illnesses that can affect dromedary productivity are pyogenic diseases and wound infections caused by "Corynebacterium" and "Streptococcus", pulmonary disorders caused by "Pasteurella" such as hemorrhagic septicemia and "Rickettsia" species, camelpox, anthrax, and cutaneous necrosis caused by "Streptothrix" and deficiency of salt in the diet.