In 1684, Toichiya Taemon, a merchant, wrote the "Nageire Kadensho" (How to arrange flowers in Nageire style), and in 1697, "Kodai Shōka Zukan" (Collected Paintings of Historic "Shōka" Works) by Ikenobō Sen'yō was published. "Nageire" influenced the development of early work in the "shōka" (生花) style. "Shōka" at this time was very simple. Only two main branches (or flowers), one of which was called "in" (negative) and the other "yo" (positive), were used in arranging the work. These would later develop into three main parts, called "shin", "soe" and "tai".