Soldier and NCO ranks are similar to those of the Prussian and pre-1945 German armies. In the army and air force, a "Gefreiter" corresponds to the NATO rank OR-2 and "Obergefreiter" as well as "Hauptgefreiter" to OR-3, while OR-4 stands for "Stabsgefreiter" and "Oberstabsgefreiter". An "Unteroffizier" is the lowest-ranking sergeant (OR-5), followed by "Stabsunteroffizier" (also OR-5), "Feldwebel" and "Oberfeldwebel" (OR-6), "Hauptfeldwebel" (OR-7/8), "Stabsfeldwebel" (OR-8) and "Oberstabsfeldwebel" (OR-9). Ranks of army and air force enlisted personnel are designated by stripes, chevrons, and "sword knots" worn on rank slides. Naval enlisted rank designations are worn on the upper (OR 1–5) or lower (OR-6 and above) sleeve along with a symbol based on an anchor for the service specialization (rating). Army and air force officer candidates hold the separate ranks of "Fahnenjunker" (OR-5), "Fähnrich" (OR-6) and "Oberfähnrich" (OR-7/8), and wear the appropriate rank insignia plus a silver cord bound around it. Officers candidates in the navy "Seekadett" (sea cadet; equivalent to OR-5) and "Fähnrich zur See" (midshipman second class; OR-6) wear the rank insignia of the respective enlisted ranks but with a gold star instead of the rating symbol, while an "Oberfähnrich zur See" (midshipman first class; OR-7/8) wears an officer type thin rank stripe.