A private ritual under some circumstances might be considered "magic", an indistinct category in antiquity. An "amatorium" (Greek "philtron") was a love charm or potion; binding spells "(defixiones)" were supposed to "fix" a person's sexual affection. The Greek Magical Papyri, a collection of syncretic magic texts, contain many love spells that indicate "there was a very lively market in erotic magic in the Roman period", catered by freelance priests who at times claimed to derive their authority from the Egyptian religious tradition. Canidia, a witch described by Horace, performs a spell using a female effigy to dominate a smaller male doll.