Generally, practicing law in the state of California without being a member of the State Bar is the crime of unauthorized practice of law. There are limited exceptions such as for patent attorneys who restrict their practice to the prosecution of patent applications (i.e., the process of obtaining a patent before the United States Patent and Trademark Office); attorneys who practice areas of law exclusively regulated by the federal government (such as immigration) under a U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1963 that prohibited states from restricting the practice of exclusively federal areas of law; and attorneys from other states who have applied to the California courts for temporary admission "pro hac vice" to work on a single California case in collaboration with a member of the State Bar. Other exceptions include provisions for members of the military stationed with their spouses in California and attorneys admitted "pro hac vice".