I am attempting to refute the whole hallowed doctrine of the difference between the beginnings of the West-Frankish, "French", "principautés territoriales", and the East-Frankish, "German," stem-duchies. . . Certainly, their names had already appeared during the Migrations. Yet, their political institutional, and biological structures had more often than not thoroughly changed. I have, moreover, refuted the basic difference between the so-called "älteres Stammesfürstentum" tribal principalities and "jüngeres Stammesfürstentum" tribal principalities, since I consider the duchies before and after Charlemagne to have been basically the same Frankish institution. . .