With the national rise in enrollment in secondary schools, competition for joining institutions of higher education has also increased. In 2001, the University of Ghana admitted 96% of the relevant applications it received, whereas in 2011 the acceptance rate had fallen to 52%. This increasing selectivity highlights inequalities in Ghana regarding education, as women and rural Ghanaians are underrepresented within tertiary school students. Socioeconomic status is also a factor of exclusion, as studying at the highest level is expensive - public universities are usually tuition-free, but charge for other services including registration, technology access, examinations, use of academic facilities, and medical services. These charges can lead to self-censorship behaviors such as some students choosing Teacher Training Colleges (where students can receive stipends) instead of enrolling in universities.