Mercenaries of various ethnic and caste backgrounds from India, such as the Telugus (known locally as "Vadugas") and Malayalees from the Kerala region were also employed by the king as soldiers. Muslim traders and sea pirates of Mapilla and Moor ethnicities as well as Sinhalese were in the Kingdom. The kingdom also functioned as a refuge for rebels from the south seeking shelter after failed political coups. According to the earliest historiographical literature of the Kingdom of Jaffna, "Vaiyaapaadal", datable to 14th–15th century, in verse 77 lists the community of "Papparavar" (Berbers specifically and Africans in general) along with "Kuchchiliyar" (Gujaratis) and "Choanar" (Arabs) and places them under the caste category of "Pa’l’luvili" who are believed to be cavalrymen of Muslim faith . The caste of "Pa’l’luvili" or "Pa’l’livili" is peculiar to Jaffna. A Dutch census taken in 1790 in Jaffna records 196 male adults belonging to Pa’l’livili caste as taxpayers. That means the identity and profession existed until Dutch times. But, Choanakar, with 492 male adults and probably by this time generally meaning the Muslims, is found mentioned as a separate community in this census.