Philippine mythology is the body of stories and epics originating from, and part of, the indigenous Philippine folk religions, which include various ethnic faiths distinct from one another. Philippine mythology is incorporated from various sources, having similarities with Indonesian and Malay myths, as well as Hindu, Muslim, Shinto, Buddhist, and Christian traditions, such as the notion of heaven ("kaluwalhatian", "kalangitan", "kamurawayan", etc.), hell ("kasamaan", "sulad", etc.), and the human soul ("kaluluwa", "kaulolan", "makatu", "ginokud", etc.). Philippine mythology attempts to explain the nature of the world through the lives and actions of heroes, deities (referred to as anito or diwata in some ethnic groups), and mythological creatures. The majority of these myths were passed on through oral tradition, and preserved through the aid of community spiritual leaders or shamans ("babaylan", "katalonan", "mumbaki", "baglan", "machanitu", "walian", "mangubat", "bahasa", etc.) and community elders. Diwata (not to be confused with deities or spirits of the same name in specific pantheons) is recognized as the universal supreme deity who is above all other supreme deities from different religions.