In Blois, France, in 1171, it is alleged that a number of Jews—reportedly 34 men and 17 women—were burned at the stake for refusing to renounce their faith. They are said to have gone to their deaths bravely singing "Aleinu" to a "soul-stirring" melody, which astonished their executioners. Some have suggested that this act of martyrdom inspired the adoption of "Aleinu" into the daily liturgy. But "Aleinu" is already found at the end of the daily shacharit in Machzor Vitry in the early 12th century, well before 1171.