The first organized critical reflection on role-playing games and academic research on them from their inception in the mid-1970s through the 1980s focused on examining and refuting the early controversies surrounding the hobby at the time. Arguably, the first examination of the field in clinical terms came with the publication of "Shared Fantasies: Role Playing Games as Social Worlds" by Gary Fine. Gary Gygax, co-originator of the hobby with Dave Arneson, published two books on his philosophy of role-playing, "Role Playing Mastery: Tips, Tactics and Strategies" in 1989, and "Master of the Game" in 1990.