"Ishvara", in Vishishtadvaita Vedanta sub-school of Hinduism, is a composite concept of dualism and non-dualism, or "non-dualism with differentiation". Ishvara, Vishishtadvaitin scholars such as the 11th century Ramanuja state, is the supreme creator and synonymous with Brahman. Equated with Vishnu in Vishishtadvaita or one of his avatar, he is both the material and efficient cause, transcendent and immanent. Ishvara manifests in five forms, believe Vishishtadvaitins: "para" (transcendent), "vyuha" (emanations), "vibhava" (incarnations), "antaryamin" (dwells inside), and "arca" (icons). According to this sub-school, states John Grimes, Ishvara possesses six divine qualities: "jnana" (knowledge), "bala" (strength), "aisvarya" (lordship), "sakti" (power), "virya" (virility) and "tejas" (splendor).