By 1994, the pachinko market in Japan was valued at (nearly ). In 1999, sales and revenue from pachinko parlors contributed 5.6% of Japan's GDP and over 330,000 people were employed by pachinko parlors, 0.52% of all those employed in Japan. As of 2015, Japan's pachinko market generates more gambling revenue than that of Las Vegas, Macau and Singapore combined. The grey market nature and tremendous profit involved in pachinko gambling historically resulted in considerable infiltration by Yakuza, who used it as a vehicle for money laundering and racketeering, but since the 1990s this has been less of an issue due to police crackdowns.