Several psychologists working on psychedelics have defined ego-death. Alnaes (1964) defines ego death as "of ego-feeling". Stanislav Grof (1988) defines it as "a sense of total annihilation [... This experience of "ego death" seems to entail an instant merciless destruction of all previous reference points in the life of the individual [...] death means an irreversible end to one's philosophical identification with what Alan Watts called "skin-encapsulated ego". The psychologist John Harrison (2010) defines "[Temporary ego death the loss of the separate self[,] or, in the affirmative, [...] a deep and profound merging with the transcendent other. Johnson, Richards and Griffiths (2008), paraphrasing Leary "et al." and Grof define ego death as "temporarily experienc a complete loss of subjective self-identity.