The Polish Golden Age was the Renaissance period in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, lasting from the late 15th century to the death of King Sigismund II Augustus, the last of the Jagiellonian Dynasty monarchs, in 1572. Some historians reckon the Polish Golden Age to have continued to the mid-17th century, when the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was ravaged by the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–57) and by the Swedish invasion. During its Golden Age, the Commonwealth became one of the largest kingdoms of Europe, stretching from modern Estonia in the north to Moldavia in the east and Bohemia in the west.