Tri-syllabic "aeshma" is already attested in Gathic Avestan as "aēšəma", though not yet—at that early stage—as an entity. The word has an Indo-Iranian root, descendant of the Proto-Indo-European root "*eis", making it cognate with the Latin "". In the Zoroastrian texts of the 9th–12th centuries, "aeshma" appears as Middle Persian "eshm" 𐭠𐭩𐭱𐭬 or 𐭧𐭩𐭱𐭬 "kheshm", continuing in Pazend and New Persian as "khashm". Judaism's Asmodeus (Talmudic "ʼšmdʼy", "Book of Tobit" "asmodios") derives from Avestan "aeshma.daeva". The Georgian language word for devil—"eshmaki"—likewise derives from "aeshma".