Dr. Samuel Johnson, along with Dr. Benjamin Franklin and Dr. William Smith, had together created what President James Madison of the College of William and Mary called a "new-model" plan or style of American College. They decided it would be profession-oriented, with classes taught in English instead of Latin, have subject matter experts as professors instead of one tutor leading a class for four years, and there would be no religious test for admission. They also replaced the study of theology with non-denominational moral philosophy, using Johnson's "new system of morality" and his philosophy textbook as the core of the curriculum.