The ' states that living beings are reborn ("bhava", become) by means of actions of body and speech ("kamma"). The Buddha stated that all volitional constructs are conditioned by ignorance ("avijja") of impermanence and non-self. It is this ignorance that leads to the origination of the "sankharas" and ultimately causes human suffering ("dukkha"). The cessation of all such "sankharas" (') is synonymous with Awakening ("bodhi"), the attainment of nirvana. The end of conditioned arising or dependent origination in the karmic sense ("Sankharas"), yields the unconditioned phenomenon of nirvana.