Archetypal patterns are not just words and stories, but living truths and psychological realities that build upon human connections—"soul", according to Carl Jung—and use symbolic language. The life of the other functions symbolically and it's in the encounter with this life that generates the contrasts at the foundations of new consciousness. Paul Ricoeur, an influential philosopher in Winquist's work, said modern understanding, in connection with new ways of questioning reality had placed language (and life) in a state of "semantic deficiency." Thus, lexicalized metaphor (words, phrases, or patterns to add depth of meaning) is necessary to compensate, and may even require a trope, a figurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression to supplement ideas lacking in language. In other words, "catachresis," the inappropriate use of a word or figure of speech that keeps the discourse in motion, an interplay of attractions and repulsions that ceaselessly promote domains off-centered to one another, much like that "ever-renewed experiment in making its own beginning." But Winquist argued that theology had become indistinguishable from history, philosophy, and other disciplines. Because of this, it had to be other than ordinary. Not a beginning, but a discourse that displayed "otherness," an interpretation that can be heard again.