The funding was bitterly opposed in print by board member William Livingston and other Presbyterian politicians along with their Provincial upstate party allies in an intense two year newspaper war. Without funding and without an official charter, Johnson defiantly opened King's College (now Columbia University) in July 1754. On October 31, it finally received the Royal charter. Its charter promoted a college without a religious test for admission, was practice and profession oriented, public spirited, inclusive and diverse, and taught the then new disciplines of English literature and moral philosophy. It was polytechnic in scope, teaching math, science, history, commerce, government, and nature. Colonial Historian Richard Gummere noted that, "Had Johnson himself offered a specific course for each of these fields, he would have been presiding, "mutatis muntandis," over the equivalent of a twentieth-century university." But Johnson also presented a values-focused curriculum, proposing in the "Advertisement "in May 1754, to teach student to be “Ornaments to their Country and useful to the public Weal in their Generations” and "to lead them from the study of nature to knowledge of themselves, and of the God of nature and their duty to him, themselves, and one another, and everything that can contribute to their true happiness, both here and hereafter." Once again, the pursuit of happiness was the focus of Johnson's curriculum, his table of philosophy, and his textbook.