Historically, the Roman Catholic Church denounced religious circumcision for its members in the "Cantate Domino", written during the 11th Council of Florence in 1442, warning of loss of salvation for converts who observe it. This decision was based on the belief that baptism had superseded circumcision (), and may also have been a response to Coptic Christians, who continued to practice circumcision. The Church currently maintains a neutral position on the practice of cultural circumcision, as the church has a policy of inculturation, though Catholic scholars, including John J. Dietzen, David Lang, and Edwin F. Healy, teach that "elective male infant circumcision not only violates the proper application of the time-honored principle of totality, but even fits the ethical definition of mutilation, which is gravely sinful."