After excommunicating Luther in 1521 with the papal bull "Decet Romanum Pontificem", Church leaders together with the Holy Roman Empire condemned his followers in the 1521 Edict of Worms. This was the beginning of the Counter-Reformation. When the Lutherans gave the 1530 "Augsburg Confession", the Catholics responded with the "Confutatio Augustana". The Lutherans gained provisional tolerance for their faith with the Nuremberg Religious Peace, during which the reformer Phillip Melancthon in turn responded with the 1537 "Apology of the Augsburg Confession". Although it was rejected by Charles V, there was no document written in response on the Catholic side, and Luther submitted his 1537 "Smalcald Articles" for consideration to the German nobility, which he wrote also in the hopes that the impending council would not misrepresent his positions, even if it were just going to condemn them. From 1545 to 1563, Roman Catholic officials met at the Council of Trent, as well as some Protestants, although they were not allowed to vote. The Lutheran response to this council in turn came from Martin Chemnitz, who published the "Examination of the Council of Trent" from 1565 to 1573. In order to refute him, Diogo de Payva de Andrada wrote the "Defensio Tridentinæ fidei" which was considerably shorter and published posthumously in 1578. Lutherans never responded to this work. The Jesuit order was founded at the time of the Council of Trent in order to stop the Reformation, and powerful monarchs like the Habsburgs were also committed to the Counter-Reformation. Many Protestants became crypto-Protestants in areas under Habsburg control.