Critic Gary Westfahl considers the Hardy Boys to not display any sexuality. The Hardys' ignorance of sex and their increasing respect for the law have led to some negative perceptions and many parodies of the characters. They are "well-scrubbed Boy Scout types" who "fetishized squareness." They have been parodied numerous times, in such works as "The Hardy Boys and the Mystery of Where Babies Come From" by Christopher Durang, "The Secret of the Old Queen: A Hardy Boys Musical" by Timothy Cope and Paul Boesing, and Mabel Maney's novel "A Ghost in the Closet: A Hardly Boys Mystery". "National Lampoon" ran an article in 1985 entitled "The Undiscovered Notebooks of Franklin W. Dixon", in which the authors "purport to have stumbled upon some unpublished "Hardy Boys" manuscripts", including "The Party Boys and the Case of the Missing Scotch" and "The Hardly Boys in the Dark Secret of the Spooky Closet."