In contemporary times, "Either/Or" received new life as a grand philosophical work with the publication of Alasdair MacIntyre's "After Virtue" (1981), where MacIntyre situates "Either/Or" as an attempt to capture the Enlightenment spirit set forth by David Hume and Immanuel Kant. "After Virtue" renewed "Either/Or" as an important ethical text in the Kantian vein, as mentioned previously. Although MacIntyre accuses Victor Eremita of failing to provide a criterion for one to adopt an ethical way of life, many scholars have since replied to MacIntyre's accusation in "Kierkegaard After MacIntyre".