The concept of moral insanity was indebted to the work of physician Philippe Pinel, which was acknowledged by Prichard. Pinel had described mental diseases of only partial, affective, insanity. His concept "Manie sans délire" (Latin – "mania sine delirio"; French – "folie raisonnante" or "folie lucide raisonnante", "monomanie affective"; German – "Moralisches Irresein") referred to insanity without delusion. That is, the sufferer was thought to be mad in one area only and thus the personality of the individual might be distorted but his or her intellectual faculties were unimpaired.