Common tree associates of black oak are white oak ("Quercus alba"), northern red oak ("Quercus rubra"), pignut hickory ("Carya glabra"), mockernut hickory ("C. tomentosa"), bitternut hickory ("C. cordiformis"), and shagbark hickory ("C. ovata"); American elm ("Ulmus americana") and slippery elm ("U. rubra"); white ash ("Fraxinus americana"); black walnut ("Juglans nigra") and butternut ("J. cinerea"); scarlet oak ("Quercus coccinea"), southern red oak ("Q. falcata"), and chinkapin oak ("Q. muehlenbergii"); red maple ("Acer rubrum") and sugar maple ("A. saccharum"); black cherry ("Prunus serotina"); and blackgum ("Nyssa sylvatica").