While Hinglish has arisen from the presence of English in India, it is not merely Hindi and English spoken side by side, but a language type in itself, like all linguistic fusions (see Multiple language mixing, Bhatia, Tej K. 1987. English in Advertising: multiple mixing and media, "World Englishes" 6.1: 33-48). . Aside from the borrowing of vocabulary, there is the phenomenon of switching between languages, called code-switching and code-mixing, direct translations, adapting certain words, and infusing the flavours of each language into each other.