In the Western world, news of Boxer atrocities against Western colonists provoked Yellow Peril racism in Europe and North America, where the Chinese' rebellion was perceived as a race war, between the yellow race and the white race. In that vein,"The Economist" magazine warned in 1905 that: The history of the Boxer movement contains abundant warnings, as to the necessity of an attitude of constant vigilance, on the part of the European Powers, when there are any symptoms that a wave of nationalism is about to sweep over the Celestial Empire.