The character of Mélisande from Maurice Maeterlinck's symbolist play "Pelléas et Mélisande" has been seen as an Undine figure. Debussy, Sibelius, Fauré, and Schoenberg all wrote music adaptions of the play. The 1939 play "Ondine" by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux is also based upon Fouqué's novella, as is "Ondine", a ballet by composer Hans Werner Henze and choreographer Frederick Ashton with Margot Fonteyn as Undine. Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann, a friend of Henze's who collaborated with him frequently, attended the premiere of the ballet in London, and published her short story "Undine geht" in the collection "Das dreißigste Jahr" (1961), in which Undine "is neither a human nor a water spirit, but an idea".