This quote not only parallels the structure of the film but also summarizes Buñuel's philosophy of life. After being awarded an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in the previous year (for "The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie", also with producer Serge Silberman and writer Jean-Claude Carriere), he appears to have regained the creative autonomy of his early films. "The Phantom of Liberty" can therefore be seen as a personal film from a director reflecting back on a long creative career.