A young engineering officer, Pierre-François-Xavier Bouchard, discovered the Rosetta Stone in July 1799. Many of the antiquities collected by the French in Egypt were seized by the British Navy and ended up in the British Museum – only about 50 of the 5,000 Egyptian objects in the Louvre were collected during the 1799–1801 Egyptian expedition. Even so, the scholars' research in Egypt gave rise to the 4-volume "Mémoires sur l'Égypte" (published 1798–1801). A subsequent and more comprehensive text was "Description de l'Égypte", published on Napoleon's orders between 1809 and 1821. Publications such as these of Napoleon's discoveries in Egypt gave rise to fascination with Ancient Egyptian culture and the birth of Egyptology in Europe.