The bear species most commonly farmed for bile is the Asiatic black bear ("Ursus thibetanus"), although the sun bear ("Helarctos malayanus"), brown bear ("Ursus arctos") and every other species are also used (the only exception being the Giant Panda which does not produce UDCA). Both the Asiatic black bear and the sun bear are listed as Vulnerable on the Red List of Threatened Animals published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. They were previously hunted for bile but factory farming has become common since hunting was banned in the 1980s.