Many islanders called for the reform and modernisation of the States Assembly. The Jersey Democratic Movement campaigned for either the incorporation of the island as a county of England or at least the abolition of the States. However, in the 1945 Deputies' election, they did not find success. The franchise was extended to all British adults, previously voting rights in Jersey had only been to men and women over 30 according to property ownership). The largest reform came in the form of the 1948 States reform. Jurats were no longer States members and were to be elected by an Electoral College. It also introduced a retirement age for Jurats of 70. In all cases, the Bailiff shall be the judge of the law, and the Jurats the "judge of fact". The Jurats' role in the States was replaced by 12 senators, four of whom would retire every three years. The Church also lost most of its representation in the States, with the role of Rector being abolished and the number of Deputies increased to 28.