On January 20, 2011, Dr. Benjamin issued "The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding", which was a science-based summary document intended to stimulate action on improving breastfeeding rates in the United States. It called on all sectors within society to remove barriers to breastfeeding and likewise increase breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity – which had been the subject of public health campaigns for over three decades prior. Not only did this document provide action items and detailed implementation strategies, but it also recognized the support of family members, communities, clinicians, healthcare systems, and employers as crucial elements to breastfeeding success stories. Section 1, The Importance of Breastfeeding, featured information regarding excess health risks to mothers and their children associated with not breastfeeding, as well as economic and environmental benefits for choosing to breastfeed. Section 2, Rates of Breastfeeding, provided information on national trends in breastfeeding rates, and highlighted the persistent disparities observed in breastfeeding practices. Section 3, Barriers to Breastfeeding in the United States, identified deficits in knowledge, social and marketing pressures, insufficient support from family and friends, over-sexualization of female breasts, addressing problems with lactation, returning to work and finding suitable childcare, as well as fragmented healthcare services and the adoption of policies or routine practices that interfere with breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. Section 4, Breastfeeding from the Public Health Perspective, organized the gaps in knowledge, cultural influences, clinical inconsistencies, challenges, and unanswered questions across the entities best positioned to address the issues identified. Section 5, A Call to Action, delineated responsibilities to each sector in society and provided the implementation strategies needed to achieve the nation’s goals for breastfeeding. There were 20 action items and 52 recommended implementation strategies.