Noting the similarity between the instructions in for killing the men but taking the women and livestock captive, on the one hand, and the actions of Simeon and Levi in , on the other hand, Kugel observed that it is almost as if Simeon and Levi were obeying the Deteronomic law before it was given. Kugel reported that some modern interpreters deduced that the editor responsible for inserting the Dinah story in was particularly connected with Deuteronomy or at least familiar with its laws. These interpreters concluded that the Dinah story was a late addition, inserted to account for Jacob's otherwise referentless allusion to the violent tempers of Simeon and Levi in by importing and only slightly modifying an originally unrelated tale, probably situated during the time of the Judges.