In the field of law, the Soviet scholar Evgeny Pashukanis ("The General Theory of Law and Marxism", 1924), the Austrian politician Karl Renner, the German political scientist Franz Leopold Neumann, the British socialist writer China Miéville, the labour-law attorney Marc Linder, and the American legal philosopher Duncan Kennedy ("The Role of Law in Economic Theory: Essays on the Fetishism of Commodities", 1985) have respectively explored the applications of commodity fetishism in their contemporary legal systems, and reported that the reification of legal forms misrepresents social relations.