Larval habitats include all kinds of freshwater, semiaquatic environments. Some Tipulinae, including "Dolichopeza" Curtis, are found in moist to wet cushions of mosses or liverworts. "Ctenophora" Meigen species are found in decaying wood or sodden logs. "Nephrotoma" Meigen and "Tipula" Linnaeus larvae are found in dry soils of pasturelands, lawns, and steppe. Tipulidae larvae are also found in rich organic earth and mud, in wet spots in woods where the humus is saturated, in leaf litter or mud, decaying plant materials, or fruits in various stages of putrefaction.