In the 1930s, Englishman Herbert Chapman, manager of Arsenal, developed a new tactic called the "sistema" or "WM" which in practice was a type of 3–2–2–3 formation, with three defenders, four midfielders (two half-backs and two inside-forwards) and three forwards positioned at the points of a "W" and "M". Chapman, reorganizing the defence, chose to move back a holding midfielder, creating a "de facto" "stopper", while the full-backs were tasked with marking the wingers. The tasks of marking were simpler, and being a mirrored array man marking was born. The system was also more dynamic, more balanced and, if played with the right players, was a tactic that for the first time guaranteed control of the "hotspot", the midfield. This was set to four players arranged in a square (as placed precisely at the top of "W" and "M") and involved the use of two midfielders and two "mezzepunte". Novo approved the suggestion and based Torino on this tactic.