At least in terms of content, the majors were already there, putting out low-budget "J.D." movies such as Warner Bros.' "Untamed Youth" (1957), starring Mamie Van Doren, and MGM's "High School Confidential" (1958), with Van Doren and Russ Tamblyn. In Bill Osgerby's description, these films "purported to preach against the 'evils' of juvenile crime, yet simultaneously provided young audiences with the vicarious thrills of delinquent rebellion", a gambit as old as St. Augustine, if not the Hollywood hills themselves. "Variety"s review of the Van Doren vehicle "Girls Town" (1959) declared, "The screenplay of the film is as flimsy as a G-string, and designed for somewhat the same purpose. It includes all the staples of the exploitation film—a drag race, a necking party, the flip and shallow conversation of a segment of youth, the slight and unconvincing nod to conventional morality at the ending."