In 2003, the novel was adapted as the Broadway musical "Wicked" by composer/lyricist Stephen Schwartz and librettist Winnie Holzman. The musical was produced by Universal Pictures and directed by Joe Mantello, with musical staging by Wayne Cilento. The Broadway production has inspired long-run productions in Chicago, London's West End, San Francisco, and Los Angeles in the United States, as well as Germany and Japan. It was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning three, and is the 5th longest-running Broadway show in history, with over 6,800 performances. The original Broadway production starred Idina Menzel as Elphaba and Kristin Chenoweth as Glinda.