Since 1948 substantial immigration from the West Indies and the Indian Subcontinent occurred as a result of British Empire presence in these regions. Immigration started to increase in the 1950s and 1960s, wherein these groups formed their own ethnic communities. However, instances of documented and perceived racism and heavy-handed policing by the native English population has led to a number of riots, most notably in 1958, 1981, 1985 and 2011. When Britain joined the EEC in 1973, the level of migration from Western European nations increased. Migration from newer EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe since 2004 has resulted in a growing Eastern European presence in the UK.