In October 1976, LDS Church apostle Boyd K. Packer gave a sermon, "To Young Men Only," in which he encouraged young male Latter-day Saints to defend themselves, physically if necessary, against sexual assaults by other men. The sermon was later published as a pamphlet and was widely circulated to LDS young men. Openly gay historian D. Michael Quinn criticized Packer's comments, saying they constituted an endorsement of gay bashing, and he also claimed that the church endorses such behavior by continuing to publish Packer's speech.