Also founded on April 1, 1916 was the Grand Military Merit Medal ("Große Militär-Verdienstmedaille"), also called the Grand Signum Laudis ("Große Signum Laudis"). This was intended for the "highest especially praiseworthy recognition" and was awarded only 30 times (with 4 repeat awards). 28 of its recipients were officers of general's rank; the other two were the naval aviator Gottfried von Banfield (1916) and the cryptologist Hermann Pokorny (1918). The Grand Military Merit Medal was of gilt bronze, and was 38-mm in diameter, compared to 32-mm for the Silver Military Merit Medal. The crown was surmounted by a wreath of laurel leaves. The repeat awards were indicated by a golden clasp on the ribbon, and all awards were on the War Ribbon. While the Bronze and Silver Military Merit Medals were essentially reserved for Austro-Hungarians only, ten of the 30 Grand Military Merit Medals were awarded to foreigners (9 German generals and 1 Ottoman general, Enver Pasha).