Early clay stoves that enclosed the fire completely were known from the Chinese Qin Dynasty (221 BC–206/207 BC), and a similar design known as "kamado" (かまど) appeared in the Kofun period (3rd–6th century) in Japan. These stoves were fired by wood or charcoal through a hole in the front. In both designs, pots were placed over or hung into holes at the top of the knee-high construction. In the Middle East, references to similar stoves and cooking ranges where the fire was lit from below are recorded as early as the 2nd-century AD, constructed of clay and either made portable or attached to the ground. Raised "kamados" were developed in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1867).