The November 13, 2001, Presidential Military Order purported to give the President of the United States the power to detain non-citizens suspected of connection to terrorists or terrorism as enemy combatants. As such, that person could be held indefinitely, without charges being filed against him or her, without a court hearing, and without legal counsel. Many legal and constitutional scholars contended that these provisions were in direct opposition to "habeas corpus", and the United States Bill of Rights and, indeed, in "Hamdi v. Rumsfeld" (2004) the U.S. Supreme Court re-confirmed the right of every American citizen to access "habeas corpus" even when declared to be an enemy combatant. The Court affirmed the basic principle that "habeas corpus" could not be revoked in the case of a citizen.