The first 21st Century work based on Bellamy's novel was written in 2020 by American political scientist and utopian socialist William P. Stodden, titled "The Practical Effects of Time Travel: A Memoir." The book, which differs significantly details a female protagonist's journey, via time machine, to a future where need has been eliminated via a strong Universal Basic Income and National Service Program, while cooperation has replaced competition. The book also discusses a strong influence in technology and robotics in freeing humans from grueling manual labor. The books focused heavily on moral and ethical theory and ethical socialism, rather than materialism, as the ideological foundation of the utopian society.