Adityawarman, a follower of Tantric Buddhism with ties to the Singhasari and Majapahit kingdoms of Java, is believed to have founded a kingdom in the Minangkabau highlands at Pagaruyung and ruled between 1347 and 1375. The establishment of a royal system seems to have involved conflict and violence, eventually leading to a division of villages into one of two systems of tradition, "Bodi Caniago" and "Koto Piliang", the latter having overt allegiances to royalty. By the 16th century, the time of the next report after the reign of Adityawarman, royal power had been split into three recognised reigning kings. They were the King of the World ("Raja Alam"), the King of Adat ("Raja Adat"), and the King of Religion ("Raja Ibadat"), and collectively they were known as the Kings of the Three Seats ("Rajo Tigo Selo"). The Minangkabau kings were charismatic or magical figures, but did not have much authority over the conduct of village affairs.