After commissioning a report by Dr. Margaret Singer, the American Psychological Association subsequently rejected and strongly criticised a report by the APA Task Force on Deceptive and Indirect Methods of Persuasion and Control, in which the anti-cult psychologist Dr Margaret Singer included large group awareness trainings as one example of what she called "coercive persuasion". The APA characterized Singer's hypotheses as "uninformed speculations based on skewed data" and stated that the report "n general" lacked "the scientific rigor and evenhanded critical approach necessary for APA imprimatur." The APA also claimed that "the specific methods by which Drs. Singer and Benson have arrived at their conclusions have also been rejected by all serious scholars in the field."