Several models have been developed to refine or address specific issues in formative assessment. For example, Harry Torrance and John Pryor proposed a model that aims to provide a pattern and balance for assessment activities based on 14 categories. The classification allows for detailed analysis as well as guidance for practices being observed. While there are comprehensive models of formative assessment, there are also some frameworks that are specifically tailored to the subject being taught. This is demonstrated in a model that balances personal, social, and science development in science instruction and the framework that focuses on listening comprehension and speaking skills when assessing and instructing English language.