US leaders have acknowledged the rise in student loan debt as a crisis. Former Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos said that Federal Student Aid's portfolio "is nearly 10 percent of our nation's debt." Approximately 45 million people have student loan debt. In 2018, the average borrower owed $37,172 at the time of graduation, an increase of $20,000 from 2005. Student loan debt is unevenly distributed, and race and social class are significant factors in the distribution of student loans. Approximately 30 percent of all college students do not incur debt. The schools with the highest amount of student loan debt are University of Phoenix, Walden University, Nova Southeastern University, Capella University, and Strayer University. Except for Nova Southeastern, they are all proprietary (profit-making) universities.