Described as "the most notorious metal musician of all time", Vikernes remains controversial for his crimes as well as his political and religious views. He promoted views which combined Odinism and Esoteric Nazism, and openly embraced Nazism during the 1990s. He has since disavowed the ideology and its associated movements, although commentators continue to label his views as far-right. Vikernes calls his beliefs "Odalism" and opposes anything deemed "a threat to a pre-industrial European pagan society", including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, capitalism, socialism and materialism.