Because the former samurai could not legally take up a new trade, or because of pride were loath to do so, many "rōnin" looked for other ways to make a living with their swords. Those "rōnin" who desired steady, legal employment became mercenaries that guarded trade caravans, or bodyguards for wealthy merchants. Many other "rōnin" became criminals, operating as bandits and highwaymen, or joining organized crime in towns and cities. "Rōnin" were known to operate or serve as hired muscle for gangs that ran gambling rings, brothels, protection rackets, and similar activities. Many were petty thieves and muggers. The criminal segment gave the "rōnin" of the Edo period a persistent reputation of disgrace, with an image of being thugs, bullies, cutthroats, and wandering vagrants.