In the Middle Ages, music scholars of India began associating each "rāga" with seasons. The 11th century Nanyadeva, for example, recommends that "Hindola rāga" is best in spring, "Pancama" in summer, "Sadjagrama" and "Takka" during the monsoons, "Bhinnasadja" is best in early winter, and "Kaisika" in late winter. In the 13th century, Sarngadeva went further and associated "rāga" with rhythms of each day and night. He associated pure and simple "rāgas" to early morning, mixed and more complex "rāgas" to late morning, skillful "rāgas" to noon, love-themed and passionate "rāgas" to evening, and universal "rāgas" to night.