By the later nineteenth century, the heads of an O'Neill family of Martinique had come to call themselves "Comte de Tyrone", and their younger brothers, after the French fashion, "Vicomte de Tyrone". One of these vicomtes, François-Henry O'Neill de Tyrone (1812–1895), came to live in France and married one Hermine de la Ponce; her father published the family claim to be lineally descended from Earl Hugh O'Neill and his son Shane in the "Annuaire de la noblesse de France" in 1859 (he uses "Comte" to translate "Earl", as is proper in French). Ponce translated this into English, and published it first in the "Irishman" newspaper, then in the Kilkenny and South-East Ireland Archaeological Society, in 1866, translating "Comte" back into English as Count. Hence the title of Count of Tyrone. This descent was questioned at the time; part of the Kilkenny paper defends its claims against criticism. Nevertheless, two genealogies from before the First World War summarized the information provided; later sources say it "does not bear examination" and has never been proved.