As of September 2010, the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge contained of land. of land within the refuge were withdrawn from settlement, mineral exploration, grazing, and other uses under federal government's general public land laws. of the refuge's are under the sole jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife Service. The Army Corps of Engineers has primary jurisdiction on of land, with the FWS having secondary jurisdiction there. A patchwork of federal agencies retains primary jurisdiction on another of land within the refuge, with the FWS retaining secondary jurisdiction. There are another of state land and of private land within the refuge, with the state land managed by the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation in cooperation with FWS.