From 1989 to 1990, Whedon worked as a staff writer on the sitcoms "Roseanne" and "Parenthood". As a script doctor, Whedon was an uncredited writer on films including "The Getaway", "Speed", "Waterworld", and "Twister". "X-Men", on which Whedon worked on an early draft, contained at least two dialogue exchanges of Whedon's contribution, while the final cut of "Speed" left in most of his dialogue. While he was script consulting, he also wrote "Buffy the Vampire Slayer"—the film that would precede the series—"Alien Resurrection" and an early draft for "" and co-wrote "Toy Story" and "Titan A.E.", the former of which earned him a shared Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay. Whedon has expressed strong dissatisfaction with the released versions of the films "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "Titan A.E." and "Alien Resurrection". He became one of the highest paid screenwriters when he sold his "Afterlife" script to Columbia Pictures for $1.5 million.