Focusing on the effect of sexual conflict, as hypothesized by William Rice, Locke Rowe and Göran Arnvist, Thierry Lodé argues that divergence of interest constitutes a key for evolutionary process. Sexual conflict leads to an antagonistic co-evolution in which one sex tends to control the other, resulting in a tug of war. Besides, "the sexual propaganda theory" only argued that mates were opportunistically led, on the basis of various factors determining the choice such as phenotypic characteristics, apparent vigour of individuals, strength of mate signals, trophic resources, territoriality, etc., which could explain the maintenance of genetic diversity within populations.