It has been argued (by great early scholars such as Henry Roseman Lang and Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcellos) that an indigenous popular poetry existed before the beginning of the written record, although the first datable poems (a handful between around 1200 and 1225) show influences from Provence. These poems were composed in Galician-Portuguese, also known as Old Portuguese. The first known venues of poetic activity were aristocratic courts in Galicia and the North of Portugal (we know this thanks to the recent work of the Portuguese historian António Resende de Oliveira). After that the center shifted to the court of Alfonso X (The Wise King), King of Castile and León (etc.). Some of the same poets (and others) practiced their craft in the court of Afonso III of Portugal, who had been educated in France. The main manuscript sources for Galician-Portuguese verse are the "Cancioneiro da Ajuda" probably a late 13th-century manuscript, the "Cancioneiro da Vaticana" and the "Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional" (also called "Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancuti"). Both these latter codices were copied in Rome at the behest of the Italian humanist Angelo Colocci, probably around 1525.