The trade in heroin, ultimately obtained from Afghanistan, has gained a foothold in rural areas, towns and cities. The heroin trade has a corrupting effect on police, through their interactions with gangs, dealers and users. Popular drug combinations that include heroin, are nyaope, sugars and unga. At least since 2011, consignments of cocaine have entered South Africa through various, often smaller, ports such as Saldanha, Mossel Bay or Knysna. It was distributed by the 28s gang in the Cape Flats, which up to 2019 had a handler with international connections.