With police protection Rushdie has thus far escaped direct physical harm, but others associated with his book have not been so lucky. Hitoshi Igarashi, his Japanese translator, was found by a cleaning lady, stabbed to death 13 July 1991 on the college campus where he taught near Tokyo. Ten days prior to Igarashi's killing Rushdie's Italian translator Ettore Capriolo was seriously injured by an attacker at his home in Milan by being stabbed multiple times on 3 July 1991. William Nygaard, the Norwegian publisher of "The Satanic Verses", was critically injured by being shot three times in the back by an assailant on October 11, 1993 in Oslo. Nygaard survived, but spent months in hospital recovering. The book's Turkish translator Aziz Nesin was the intended target of a mob of arsonists who set fire to the Madimak Hotel after Friday prayers on 2 July 1993 in Sivas, Turkey, killing 37 people. Nesin escaped death when the fundamentalist mob failed to recognize him early in the attack. Known as the Sivas massacre, it is remembered by Turks who gather in Sivas annually and hold silent marches, commemorations and vigils for the slain.