From 1892 to 1916 the Ellice Islands were administered as a British protectorate, as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), by a Resident Commissioner based in the Gilbert Islands. The first Resident Commissioner was C. R. Swayne, who collected the ordinances of each island of Tuvalu that had been established by the Samoan pastors of the London Missionary Society. These ordinances were the basis of the "Native Laws of the Ellice Islands" that were issued by C. R. Swayne in 1894. The Native Laws established and administrative structure for each island and well as prescribing criminal laws. The Native Laws also made it compulsory for children to attend school. On each island the High Chief ("Tupu") was responsible for maintaining order; with a magistrate and policemen also responsible for maintaining order and enforcing the law. The High Chief was assisted by the councillors ("Falekaupule"). The "Falekaupule" on each of the Islands of Tuvalu is the traditional assembly of elders or "te sina o fenua" (literally: "grey-hairs of the land" in the Tuvaluan language). The "Kaupule" on each island is the executive arm of the "Falekaupule". The second Resident Commissioner was William Telfer Campbell (1896–1908), who established land registers that would assist in resolving disputes over title to land. Campbell's successor was Arthur Mahaffy. In 1909 G. B. W. Smith-Rewse was appointed as the District Officer to administer the Ellice Islands from Funafuti and remained in that position until 1915.