During his time in office, President Obama was known in the Mexican American community as the "Deporter in Chief." Between 2009 and 2015, his administration removed more than 2.5 million people from the country, though some analysts claimed these numbers were "misleading" due to the way they were calculated. During his time in office, the Department of Homeland Security initiated two policies which represented a major shift from prior administrations. First, DHS began placing undocumented border crossers through formal removal proceedings; second, it made non-citizens "with criminal records" the agency's top deportation target. Thus, when faced with criticism for his administration's record high deportation numbers, Pres. Obama responded by saying, “The statistics are actually a little deceptive... we’ve been apprehending folks at the borders and sending them back. That is counted as a deportation even though they may have only been held for a day or 48 hours.” Nevertheless, Obama faced significant criticism for his failure to pass immigration reform and for the detrimental effects of deportation on family's lives.