The Greek letters , , , and are pronounced , , , and respectively. The letters and are pronounced and , respectively. All those letters represent fricatives in Modern Greek, but they were used for occlusives with the same (or with a similar) articulation point in Ancient Greek. Before mid or close front vowels ( and ), they are fronted, becoming and , respectively, which, in some dialects, notably those of Crete and the Mani, are further fronted to or and or , respectively. Μoreover, before mid or close back vowels ( and ), tends to be pronounced further back than a prototypical velar, between a velar and an uvular (transcribed ). The letter stands for the sequence and for .