Identification, friend or foe (IFF) is a radar-based identification system designed for command and control. It uses a transponder that listens for an "interrogation" signal and then sends a "response" that identifies the broadcaster. It enables military and civilian air traffic control interrogation systems to identify aircraft, vehicles or forces as friendly and to determine their bearing and range from the interrogator. IFF may be used by both military and civilian aircraft. IFF was first developed during World War II, with the arrival of radar, and several friendly fire incidents.