The onset of Italian colonialism occurred in incremental stages, with Italian treaties signed in the 1880s followed by economic engagement between various Somali clans, including the Reer Mataan and clans like "reer Xamar" and the Italian Benadir Company and then direct governance by the Italian government after 1906 and the British Military Administration of Somalia after World War Two and the UN Italian Trust Territory in the 1950s. This was followed by independence in 1960, the "Hantiwadaag" (socialist) era during Barre's presidency (1969–1991), a three-decade civil war afterward, and as of the late 2010s and 2020s a period of reconstruction.