When the political office of Secretary for Scotland was established in 1885, a permanent under-secretaryship was created, to be occupied by a civil servant. The first office-holder was Francis Sandford, who had previously been secretary to the Scotch Education Department. When the political office became the Secretary "of State" for Scotland in 1926, the permanent secretary also became formally styled Permanent Under-Secretary "of State" for Scotland. This position was equivalent to Grade 1 in the Civil Service grading structure introduced in 1971.