Whitney Pier has been the primary settlement for Barbadians, and smaller numbers of African Americans and African Nova Scotians, in Cape Breton since 1901. In the 1920s, Garveyism and Pan-Africanism became popular among the 600 Afro-Caribbean and African Nova Scotian residents of Whitney Pier, resulting in establishments of the St. Philip’s African Orthodox Church and the Universal Negro Improvement Association Hall. Whitney Pier's black community is distinguishable from other African Nova Scotian settlements, due to the largely Caribbean influence in the neighbourhood. Lines from the popular Bob Marley song "Redemption Song" were taken from a speech given by Marcus Garvey in Whitney Pier in October 1937, that was also published in his "Black Man" magazine: