Deontic modality in Tagalog is realized through words which are grammaticized by Paul Schachter and Fe T. Otanes as "pseudo-verbs". An example of a Spanish-derived Tagalog deontic modal is "gusto" (from Sp. "gusto"), which is used to denote preference or desire. "Gusto" is considered to be more commonly used than its other counterparts such as "nais" or "ibig", since the latter two are both perceived as more formal than "gusto" and are more frequently used in writing than in speech. Another example is "puwede" (from Sp. "puede"), which can be translated in English as "can" and is thus used to express permission or ability. The word "puwede" co-exists with its non-Spanish-derived equivalent "maaari" and the two pseudo-verbs are deemed to have little semantic difference, with "puwede" only being considered usually as more colloquial and less formal than "maaari".