The township is located in the southern corner of Carbon County and is bordered by Lehigh County to the south and Schuylkill County to the west. Older USGS topographic maps show the township in a region known as the Mahoning Hills, a geologically chaotic series of hilltops surmounting a long upland more cyclic in altitude than nearby valley bottoms. The township is drained by the Lehigh River, which flows along its northeastern boundary, with the largest tributary in the township being Lizard Creek. The southern boundary of the township follows the crest of Blue Mountain, a prominent ridge that runs across the eastern half of the state and reaches an elevation of in this area. The northern boundary runs near the broader and lower crest of Mahoning Mountain, elevation . The valley floor of the township varies in elevation from . Villages in the township include Ashfield, Germans, and West Bowmans.