The oldest traces of Catholic activities on present-day Romanian territory were recorded in Transylvania, in connection to the extension of Magyar rule and the region's integration into the Kingdom of Hungary ("see History of Transylvania"). Inaugurated by the early presence of Benedictines, these were strengthened by the colonization of Transylvanian Saxons, as well as by missionary activities among the local Vlach (Romanian) population and forceful conversions. The Diocese of Alba Iulia ("Gyulafehérvár") was probably set up in the 11th century. Tradition holds that this was done under supervision from King Stephen I — according to the "Catholic Encyclopedia" of 1913, a more likely patron is Ladislaus I, who ruled almost a century after (the first bishop it lists is Simon, who held the see between 1103 and 1113).