The Vatican has never declared the Chinese Catholics attending CPCA-sponsored church services to be schismatic, though organizations outside of China have urged this. Chinese Catholics who accept CPCA directives on the governance of the Church are not for that reason heretical, though it can perhaps be maintained that they are schismatic. Even if some Chinese Catholics were considered to have accepted as their belief the approval of abortion and artificial contraception that has been attributed to the CPCA, their position could be compared with that of Catholics in other countries, who overwhelmingly reject the Vatican's current position on contraception and of which a plurality reject the church's current opposition to a person's right to terminate a pregnancy. In, for instance, inviting bishops appointed under CPCA rules to attend as Catholics in full communion with Rome an assembly of the Synod of Bishops, the Holy See indicated that it does not consider that the Church in mainland China (as distinct from the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association) approves of abortion and artificial contraception. Furthermore, "he Holy See has continued to consider the episcopal ordinations in China fully valid." The clergy whom they ordain therefore conserve valid Holy Orders, and the other sacraments that require a priest as minister (in particular the Eucharist) are also considered valid. As these facts demonstrate, the CPCA and the "underground" Catholic Church in China have significant overlap.