In the 13th century Cardinal Hostiensis enumerated thirteen situations in which charging interest was not immoral. The most important of these was "lucrum cessans" (profits given up) which allowed for the lender to charge interest "to compensate him for profit foregone in investing the money himself" . This idea is very similar to opportunity cost. Many scholastic thinkers who argued for a ban on interest charges also argued for the legitimacy of "lucrum cessans" profits (for example, Pierre Jean Olivi and St. Bernardino of Siena). However, Hostiensis' exceptions, including for "lucrum cessans", were never accepted as official by the Roman Catholic Church.