In 1930, Villa-Lobos, who was in Brazil to conduct, planned to return to Paris. One of the consequences of the revolution of that year was that money could no longer be taken out of the country, and so he had no means of paying any rents abroad. Thus forced to stay in Brazil, he arranged concerts instead around São Paulo, and composed patriotic and educational music. In 1932, he became director of the "Superintendência de Educação Musical e Artística" (SEMA), and his duties included arranging concerts including the Brazilian premieres of Ludwig van Beethoven's "Missa Solemnis" and Johann Sebastian Bach's "Mass in B minor" as well as Brazilian compositions. His position at SEMA led him to compose mainly patriotic and propagandist works. His series of "Bachianas Brasileiras" were a notable exception.