During the Bhakti movement of Hinduism, dated to about the middle of 1st millennium AD, "rāga" became an integral part of a musical pursuit of spirituality. Bhajan and Kirtan were composed and performed by the early South India pioneers. A "Bhajan" has a free form devotional composition based on melodic "rāgas". A "Kirtan" is a more structured team performance, typically with a call and response musical structure, similar to an intimate conversation. It includes two or more musical instruments, and incorporates various "rāgas" such as those associated with Hindu gods Shiva ("Bhairava") or Krishna ("Hindola").