In 2009, the American Council of Trustees and Alumni (ACTA) began grading each college or university on the strength of its general education requirements. ACTA's annual report on "What Will They Learn?" uses how many of seven subjects (composition, mathematics, foreign language, science, economics, literature and American government or history) are required by an institution to assign it a letter grade (A through F). The 2011-2012 edition of "What Will They Learn?" graded 1,007 institutions, and awarded nineteen schools an "A" for requiring more than five of the subjects. Its 2012-2013 evaluation awarded twenty one "A" grades among 1,070 colleges and universities. ACTA's rating system has been endorsed by Mel Elfin, founding editor of U.S. News & World Report's rankings. "The New York Times" higher education blogger Stanley Fish agreed a university ought to have a strong core curriculum, but disagreed with the inclusion of some ACTA subjects in that core.