From these cases, Freud inferred the existence of motivations beyond the pleasure principle. Freud already felt in 1919 that he could safely postulate "the principle of a "repetition compulsion" in the unconscious mind, based upon instinctual activity and probably inherent in the very nature of the instincts—a principle powerful enough to overrule the pleasure-principle". In the first half of "Beyond the Pleasure Principle", "a first phase, the most varied manifestations of "repetition", considered as their irreducible quality, are attributed to the "essence of drives"" in precisely the same way.