These "researches" have been considered anthropological since at least as early as the late 19th century. The title, "Father of History" ("pater historiae"), had been conferred on him probably by Cicero. Pointing out that John Myres in 1908 had believed that Herodotus was an anthropologist on a par with those of his own day, James M. Redfield asserts: "Herodotus, as we know, was both Father of History and Father of Anthropology." Herodotus calls his method of travelling around taking notes "theorizing". Redfield translates it as "tourism" with a scientific intent. He identifies three terms of Herodotus as overlapping on culture: "diaitia", material goods such as houses and consumables; "ethea", the mores or customs; and "nomoi", the authoritative precedents or laws.