Lahontan cutthroat trout currently occupy a small fraction of their historic range. The primary obstacle to their recovery is non-native salmonid predation by brook trout ("Salvelinus fontinalis") on fluvial cutthroat and lake trout ("Salvelinus namaycush") on lacustrine cutthroat. Also, hybridization of cutthroat with non-native rainbow trout ("Oncorhynchus mykiss") continues to threaten recovery of the pure Lahontan cutthroat. In the Truckee River system, only Independence Lake has continuously harbored its historic native Lahontan cutthroat population, although precariously low spawner numbers there have recently increased along with five years of brook trout removal.