The universities played a key role in the spread of this position. Several magazines and newspapers were created, such as "Cadernos Circunstância", "Cadernos Necessários", "Tempo e Modo", and "Polémica" that supported this view. The students that participated in this underground opposition faced serious consequences if caught by the PIDE – from immediate arrest to automatic conscription into a combat branch (infantry, marines, etc.) situated in the "hot" warzone (Guinea, Tete Province in Mozambique or eastern Angola). It was in this environment that the ("Acção Revolucionária Armada" – ARA), the armed branch of the Portuguese Communist Party created in the late 1960s, and the ("Brigadas Revolucionárias" – BR), a left-wing organization, became an important force of resistance against the war, carrying out multiple acts of sabotage and bombing against military targets.