The tribe of Shammar () is a tribal Arab Qahtanite confederation, descended from the ancient Yemeni tribe of Tayy as they originated in Yemen then immigrated in Saudi Arabia as known nowadays. It is one of the largest and most influential Arab tribes due to their past ties with the Ottoman empire and The Turkish people while the Turkish occupation in Saudi Arabia. The historical and traditional seat of the tribe's leadership is in the city of Ha'il in what was the Emirate of Jabal Shammar in Saudi Arabia. In its "golden age", around 1850, the tribe ruled much of central and northern Arabia from Riyadh to the frontiers of Syria and the vast area known as Al Jazira in Northern Iraq.