The immigration of Germanic-speaking peoples into Hungary began in approximately 1000, when knights came in the company of Giselle of Bavaria, the German-born wife of Stephen I, the first king of Hungary, entered the country. Three waves of Germanic migration can be distinguished in Hungary before the 20th century. The first two waves of settlers arrived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages (11th and 13th centuries) and formed the core of the citizens of the few towns in Upper Hungary and in Southern Transylvania (Transylvanian Saxons, "Siebenbürger Sachsen").