Perhaps the most bruising encounter between "WIA" and popular entertainment was the 1995 film "Black and Blue" which featured a covert recording of a performance by the comedian Bernard Manning as the star of a charity function organised by the Manchester branch of the Police Federation, which represents rank-and-file officers. Manning's racist and homophobic performance, loudly applauded by those present, caused outrage when "WIA" broadcast excerpts, sparking an intense debate about the willingness of British police officers to embrace a diverse culture. The former "WIA" editor Steve Boulton revealed during a 2013 ITV documentary about "World in Action" that the covert recording had been made by a fellow speaker at the function, the former Liverpool Militant politician Derek Hatton, himself a previous target of a "World in Action" investigation. Hatton used a miniature cassette recorder concealed in Boulton's own Filofax.