Koji Nakayama interprets "wēi" 逶 "winding" as "very far away" and euphemistically translates "Wō" 倭 as "separated from the continent". The second etymology of "wō" 倭 meaning "dwarf (variety of an animal or plant species), midget, little people" has possible cognates in "ǎi" 矮 "low, short (of stature)", "wō" 踒 "strain; sprain; bent legs", and "wò" 臥 "lie down; crouch; sit (animals and birds)". Early Chinese dynastic histories refer to a "Zhūrúguó" 侏儒國 "pygmy/dwarf country" located south of Japan, associated with possibly Okinawa Island or the Ryukyu Islands. Carr cites the historical precedence of construing Wa as "submissive people" and the "Country of Dwarfs" legend as evidence that the "little people" etymology was a secondary development.