There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. Even though Russia has no official census majority of studies find that Russia is around 71% Christian, majority of that being orthodox, to be exact Russian Orthodox. However, later that year the Levada Center determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are consistent with Pew's 2011 survey (73.6%), VTSIOM's 2010 survey (77%), and Ipsos MORI's 2011 survey (69%). A 2015 study estimated about 10,000 Christians come from a Muslim background.