Previous positions include Director of Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, member of New Venture Partners Advisory Board, USA, Advisor Apax Partners LLP, London, Citi International Advisory Board (USA), director of Dubai International Capital (Dubai), a senior non-executive director of AstraZeneca Group PLC, London, directorships at BICC plc, DESC Ltd, mm02plc, The Department of Constitutional Affairs and The Ministry of Justice, member of the Trilateral Commission, member of the Civil Service College Advisory Board, member of the High Level Working Group of the European Information Society, member of the Steering Group of the European Round Table and member of the EU-Japan Business Dialogue Round Table.