The NTEU has been famous for aggressive use of the courts to supplement their statutorily-limited powers to bargain and restraints on traditional labor tactics such as strikes and boycotts. In 1972, the union sued President Richard M. Nixon, challenging his decision to bypass Congress and postpone salary increases for all federal workers covered by the General Schedule. This lawsuit, "NTEU v. Nixon", resulted in an unprecedented victory that required the government to pay over $533 million in back pay to federal employees. In another lawsuit, "Boyce and Dixon v. United States", the removal of two IRS service center employees was reversed, establishing for the first time the principles that an agency did not have total discretion in penalizing employees and that mitigating circumstances could render an agency-ordered removal an abuse of discretion. Shortly thereafter, in "NTEU v. Fasser", the union won the right for federal employees to engage in informational picketing, an action previously deemed banned by federal law. During the Reagan and first Bush administrations, NTEU participated aggressively in numerous court battles. It took the issue of the constitutionality of random drug testing of Customs inspectors all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court in "NTEU v. Von Raab" and it successfully fought initiatives it viewed as anti-worker proposed by the head of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM).