Over a third of all compulsory sterilizations in the United States (over 22,670) took place after "Skinner v. Oklahoma". The 1942 ruling, however, created a nervous legal atmosphere regarding these other forms of sterilizations and put a heavy damper on sterilization rates which had boomed since the "Buck v. Bell" ruling in 1927. After the discovery of the Nazi atrocities done in the name of eugenics, including the compulsory sterilization of 450,000 individuals in barely more than a decade, under a sterilization law, which drew heavy inspiration from American statutes, and the close association between eugenics and racism, eugenics, as an ideology, lost almost all public favor. In Equal Protection analysis, "Skinner" applied the compelling state interest test to punitive sterilization, and "Buck" applied the less rigorous rational basis test to compulsory sterilization of the mentally disabled.