An early use of the word can be found in the "Nomina Provinciarum Omnium" (Names of All the Provinces), which dates to about AD 312. This is a short list of the names and provinces of the Roman Empire. At the end of this list is a brief list of tribes deemed to be a growing threat to the Empire, which included the "Scoti", as a new term for the Irish. There is also a reference to the word in St Prosper's chronicle of AD 431 where he describes Pope Celestine sending St Palladius to Ireland to preach ""ad Scotti in Christum"" ("to the Scots who believed in Christ").