Religious communities which are of sufficient size and stability and which are loyal to the constitution can be recognised as "Körperschaften öffentlichen Rechtes" (statutory corporations). This gives them certain privileges – for example, being able to give religious instruction in state schools (as enshrined in the German constitution, though some states are exempt from this) and having membership fees collected (for a fee) by the German revenue department as "church tax" ("Kirchensteuer"): a surcharge of between 8 and 9% of the income tax. The status mainly applies to the Roman Catholic Church, the mainline Evangelical Church in Germany, a number of free churches, and Jewish communities. There has been much discussion about allowing other religious groups (such as Muslims) into this system as well. In the 21st century, eastern German states, including the area of the former eastern capital, East Berlin, are less religious than western German states.