In 2002 Home Office data stated that in the cases where information was available, there was a high proportion where some mitigating factor appeared to have contributed to their behaviour. Almost a fifth were drug abusers and a sixth were alcohol abusers. Overall 44% were engaging in substance abuse or had a learning disability, and a further 16% included persons with psychological and behaviour problems in the family. Similar results are found in Scotland. A casefile review showed that 55% of those given ASBOs had substance abuse, mental health or learning disability problems. ("The Use of ASBOs in Scotland", H. Pawson, School of The Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 2007.)