Manuel Castells has researched the role of gay communities, especially in San Francisco, as early gentrifiers. The film "Quinceañera" depicts a similar situation in Los Angeles. "Flag Wars" (Linda Goode Bryant) shows tensions as of 2003 between bourgeois White LGBT-newcomers and a Black middle-class neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio. In Washington, D.C. Black and other ethnic minority mixed-income community residents accused both the affluent majority-White LGBTQ+ community and the closely linked Hipster subculture of Cultural Displacement (or destruction of cultural heritage) under the guise of progressive inclusion and tolerance.