As adolescents and young adults in the 1980s and 1990s, Xers were dubbed the "MTV Generation" (a reference to the music video channel), sometimes being characterized as slackers, cynical, and disaffected. Some of the many cultural influences on Gen X youth included a proliferation of musical genres with strong social-tribal identity that included punk, post-punk, and heavy metal offer a selection of notable examples, in addition to later forms developed by gen Xer's themselves (such as grunge). Film, both the birth of franchise mega-sequels and a proliferation of Independent film enabled in part by Video were also a notable cultural influence. The influence of video games both in amusement parlours and in devices in western homes is also important to note.