In Canada, the appellation "Mr/Madam Prime Minister" and "Mr./Madam Minister" is "often heard informally" for prime ministers and other ministers, but is not in official use. "Madam" is an appropriate title in conversation with a female Governor General of Canada or female spouse of a Governor General on second and subsequent reference (after "Your Excellency" or "Excellency" is used on initial reference). Female members of the Supreme Court are addressed by counsel in hearings as either "Madam Justice" or "Justice"; in writing, a female justice is addressed as "The Honourable Madame (Chief) Justice". The same style is used for other female members of the Canadian federal courts.