Raymond Cattell, a student of Charles Spearman's, rejected the unitary "g" factor model and divided "g" into two broad, relatively independent domains: fluid intelligence (G"f") and crystallized intelligence (G"c"). G"f" is conceptualized as a capacity to figure out novel problems, and it is best assessed with tests with little cultural or scholastic content, such as Raven's matrices. G"c" can be thought of as consolidated knowledge, reflecting the skills and information that an individual acquires and retains throughout his or her life. G"c" is dependent on education and other forms of acculturation, and it is best assessed with tests that emphasize scholastic and cultural knowledge. G"f" can be thought to primarily consist of "current" reasoning and problem solving capabilities, while G"c" reflects the outcome of "previously" executed cognitive processes.