In Japan, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) planned a step-up process from dialup 56 kbit/s ISDN 64 kbit/s, to fiber to the premises (FFTP). Under this plan, NTT had been selling ISDN products primarily toward home users while corporate customers sometimes skipped ISDN entirely and immediately upgraded to the still-expensive fiber to the home (FFTH) service. In the late 1990s, cable television operators began offering their own cable broadband products, but relatively high initial installation costs and cheaper alternatives limited its spread.