One innovation by Hong Junsheng for teaching movement in the form was the nomenclature, "positive" and "negative" circles. Previously, "shùn chán" (顺缠, following coiling) and ‘'nì chán’' (逆缠, opposing coiling) were used to describe silk-reeling (纏絲; chán sī) rotations and inward and outward arcs and circles of the extremities. This worked well for describing the longitudinal rotations of the arms and legs, but arcs and circles would often have both "shun" and "ni" rotations within them. Hong found it confusing to students to describe complete revolutions. A Positive (formerly "shùn") Circle rotates inward ("shùn chán") at the bottom and outward ("nì chán") at the top, and a Negative (formerly "nì" ) Circle rotates inward ("shùn chán") at the top and outward ("nì chán") at the bottom. This terminology has been adopted by teachers of many styles of martial arts.