Maurras was a major intellectual influence of national Catholicism, far-right movements, Latin conservatism, and integral nationalism. He and the "Action Française" influenced many people and movements including General Francisco Franco, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, António Sardinha, Leon Degrelle, and autonomist movements in Europe. The Christian Democrat Jacques Maritain was also close to Maurras before the papal condemnation of the AF in 1927, and criticized democracy in one of his early writings, "Une opinion sur Charles Maurras ou le devoir des catholiques". Furthermore, Maurrassism also influenced many writings from members of the "Organisation armée secrète" who theorized "counter-revolutionary warfare". In Spain, the "Acción Española" adopted not only its far right monarchism but also its name from Maurras's movement.