Another powerful tool employed by the Church was the skill of writing. The Church had the knowledge and the ability to make parchments, and scribes created and copied manuscripts and established libraries. Thus the earliest examples of Polish literature were written in Latin. Among them were the Gospels from Gniezno and Płock, and , dating from around the late 11th century. Other notable examples of early Polish books include the Bishop Ciołek's "Latin Missal" and "Olbracht's Gradual". Also famous are the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus and Wincenty Kadłubek.