In October 1988, "The Dartmouth Review" published a column by James Garrett that compared the administration of College President James Freedman to that of the Third Reich. Entitled “Ein Reich, Ein Volk, Ein Freedman,” the piece suggested that Dartmouth's first Jewish president had used his charisma to seek “’a Final Solution’ to the Conservative Problem” and was actively persecuting "Review" staffers for their political beliefs. Many student groups, faculty members, and alumni criticized the editors’ decision to publish the article and accused the publication of anti-Semitism. The staff, a quarter of whom were Jewish at the time, defended the column as an instance of “shock journalism” and issued an apology to those they had offended.