Starting in 1922, the Italian government's Department of Health, working with the Opera Nazionale Combattenti, developed a new initiative to combat malaria called the "bonifica integrale". It featured three stages, the first being the "bonifica idraulica", which would drain the swamp and control the waters. Mussolini and his party called it "the battle of the swamps" because it required the recruitment, deployment, and supply of an army of workers. In the second stage, the "bonifica agraria", homesteads with stone houses and public utilities were to be constructed and the land was to be parcelled among settlers. The third stage, "bonifica igienica", took measures against the mosquitos ("Anopheles labranchiae"), such as screens and whitewash (so the mosquitos could be easily identified and killed), and against malaria, such as distributing quinine and setting up health services.