"Raiders of the Lost Ark" is a pastiche of cinematic history, inspired by and referencing many films. Spielberg stated explicitly the film is about movies and designed as a tribute to filmmaking. Alongside directly referenced inspirations like early 20th-century serials, the film contains references to "Citizen Kane" (1941), the film noir "Kiss Me Deadly" (1955), the samurai film "Yojimbo" (1961), and the epic "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), among others. "Citizen Kane" is referenced directly in "Raiders of the Lost Ark"s last scene where the Ark is secured in a vast warehouse, a fate similar to that of the beloved childhood sled belonging to "Citizen Kane"s principal character. "Raiders of the Lost Ark" also references several of Lucas' own films: the translation of the German U-boat announcement is "1138", a reference to science fiction film "THX 1138" (1971); and numerous nods to "Star Wars" including the characters of R2-D2 and C-3PO appearing as hieroglyphics inside the Well of Souls.