Pamuk won a number of critical prizes for his early work, including the 1984 Madarali Novel Prize for his second novel "Sessiz Ev" ("Silent House") and the 1991 Prix de la Découverte Européenne for the French translation of this novel. His historical novel "Beyaz Kale" ("The White Castle"), published in Turkish in 1985, won the 1990 Independent Award for Foreign Fiction and extended his reputation abroad. On 19 May 1991, "The New York Times" Book Review stated, ""A new star has risen in the east—Orhan Pamuk."" He started experimenting with postmodern techniques in his novels, a change from the strict naturalism of his early works.