Film has been one of the most significant creators of images of the Middle Ages since the early twentieth century. The first medieval film was also one of the earliest films ever made, about Jeanne d'Arc in 1899, while the first to deal with Robin Hood dates to as early as 1908. Influential European films, often with a nationalist agenda, included the German "Nibelungenlied" (1924), Eisenstein's "Alexander Nevsky" (1938) and Bergman's "The Seventh Seal" (1957), while in France there were many Joan of Arc sequels. Hollywood adopted the medieval as a major genre, issuing periodic remakes of the King Arthur, William Wallace and Robin Hood stories, adapting to the screen such historical romantic novels as "Ivanhoe" (1952—by MGM), and producing epics in the vein of "El Cid" (1961). More recent revivals of these genres include "Robin Hood Prince of Thieves" (1991), "The 13th Warrior" (1999) and "The Kingdom of Heaven" (2005).