Roosevelt's framing of the Pearl Harbor attack became, in effect, the standard American narrative of the events of December 7, 1941. Hollywood enthusiastically adopted the narrative in a number of war films, such as "Wake Island", the Academy Award-winning "Air Force" and the films "Man from Frisco" (1944), and "Betrayal from the East" (1945); all included actual radio reports of the pre-December 7 negotiations with the Japanese, reinforcing the message of enemy duplicity. "Across the Pacific" (1942), "Salute to the Marines" (1943), and "Spy Ship" (1942), used a similar device, relating the progress of United States–Japanese relations through newspaper headlines. The theme of American innocence betrayed was also frequently depicted on screen, the melodramatic aspects of the narrative lending themselves naturally to the movies.