In the 1950s, Entroncamento was, after Barreiro, the second largest railway centre, with almost half of its national employees. It was estimated that between the 1920s and 1930s, the Entroncamento population associated with the railway operator, CP Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses /Comboios de Portugal exceeded 50% of the local population. CP's corporate social responsibility program included the establishment of urban infrastructures to support its working population by the construction of neighbourhoods, building a school and warehousing, environmental work such as planting vegetation as well as acting as a health center and dispensing anti-tuberculosis drugs to the citizens in need and additionally supporting sport activities. In parallel, the evolution of railway services along with supporting technologies, helped to reinforce the level of education and training, resulting in the creation of teaching centres such as FERNAVE, a subsidiary technical center that also worked in partnership with the "Instituto Superior de Transportes" (Superior Institute of Transportation).