Columbia released several 3D westerns produced by Sam Katzman and directed by William Castle. Castle would later specialize in various technical in-theater gimmicks for such Columbia and Allied Artists features as "13 Ghosts", "House on Haunted Hill", and "The Tingler". Columbia also produced the only slapstick comedies conceived for 3D. The Three Stooges starred in "Spooks" and "Pardon My Backfire"; dialect comic Harry Mimmo starred in "Down the Hatch". Producer Jules White was optimistic about the possibilities of 3D as applied to slapstick (with pies and other projectiles aimed at the audience), but only two of his stereoscopic shorts were shown in 3D. "Down the Hatch" was released as a conventional, "flat" motion picture. (Columbia has since printed "Down the Hatch" in 3D for film festivals.)