Griffin images appeared in art of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Russian jewelry historian Elena Neva maintained that the Achaemenids considered the griffin "a protector from evil, witchcraft and secret slander". But no writings exist from Achaemenid Persia to support her claim. Robin Lane Fox, in "Alexander the Great", 1973:31 and notes p. 506, remarks that a 'lion-griffin' attacks a stag in a pebble mosaic of the fourth century BC at Pella, perhaps serving as an emblem of the kingdom of Macedon or a personal one of Alexander's successor Antipater.