Another pioneering previsualization effort, this time using gaming technology, was for James Cameron's "The Abyss" (1989). Mike Backes, co-founder of the Apple Computing Center at the AFI (American Film Institute), introduced David Smith, creator of the first 3D game, "The Colony", to Cameron recognizing the similarities between The Colony's environment and the underwater lab in "The Abyss". The concept was to use real time gaming technology to previsualize camera movement and staging for the movie. While the implementation of this idea yielded limited results for "The Abyss", the effort led Smith to create Virtus Walkthrough, an architectural previsualization software program, in 1990. Virtus Walkthrough was used by directors such as Brian De Palma and Sydney Pollack for previsualization in the early '90s.