Aside from women rulers, powerful women acted as patrons of and used their influence to benefit the Reformation even when they were not themselves rulers. Queen Anne Boleyn, wife of King Henry VIII of England, was not only an indirect cause of the English Reformation due to the king's wish to marry her despite being denied an annulment from his first wife Catherine of Aragon: she also directly acted as a patron of Protestantism in England at the time. In France, Margaret of Valois-Angoulême was famous for her protection of protestants, as was Renée of France and Isabella of Navarre, Viscountess of Rohan.