In the late 18th century, 52 families lived in Rothselberg, amounting to 332 inhabitants. By 1825 this had grown to 589 inhabitants, all cleaving to the Evangelical faith. As the 19th century wore on, the population growth was steady: in 1835 there were 704, and 778 by 1871; the population peaked in 1905 at 801. By 1935, however, Rothselberg had only 695 inhabitants. In 1961, because of ethnic Germans driven out of Germany's former eastern territories who had come to settle, the figure was back up to 793 inhabitants, 30 of whom were Catholic. In 1998, 782 people were living in Rothselberg, and in 2005 the inhabitants numbered 795.