Pamuk followed this with the novel "Kar", published in 2002 (English translation: "Snow", 2004). Set in the border city of Kars, it explores the conflict between Islamism and Westernism in modern Turkey. Snow follows Ka, an expatriate Turkish poet, as he wanders around the snowy Kars and gets caught up in the muddle of aimless Islamists, MPs, headscarf advocates, secularists, and a number of factions who die and kill in the name of highly contradictory ideals. "The New York Times" listed "Snow" as one of its Ten Best Books of 2004.