Fortuna does occasionally turn up in modern literature, although these days she has become more or less synonymous with . Her Wheel is less widely used as a symbol, and has been replaced largely by a reputation for fickleness. She is often associated with gamblers, and dice could also be said to have replaced the Wheel as the primary metaphor for uncertain fortune. In his novel, "The Club Dumas", Arturo Pérez-Reverte includes a wheel of fortune in one of the illustrations that accompany the text. Ignatius J. Reilly, the central protagonist of John Kennedy Toole's novel "A Confederacy of Dunces", states that he believes the Rota Fortunae to be the source of all men's fate.