Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. A review of international prevalence of PCOS found that over 2-26% prevalence of PCOS has been documented across various countries. Despite its prevalence, the exact cause of PCOS remains uncertain. Its primary characteristics include hyperandrogenism, anovulation, insulin resistance, and neuroendocrine disruption. The syndrome is named after the characteristic cysts which may form on the ovaries, though it is important to note that this is a symptom and not the underlying cause of the disorder.