The AVSAB (American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior) produced a position statement titled "The use of punishment for behavior modification in animals", the opening paragraph of which reads, "AVSAB’s position is that punishment (e.g., choke chains, pinch collars, and electronic collars) should not be used as a first-line or early-use treatment for behavior problems. This is due to the potential adverse effects which include but are not limited to: inhibition of learning, increased fear-related and aggressive behaviors, and injury to animals and people interacting with animals."