Javanese literature tradition is among the earliest and the oldest surviving literature traditions in Indonesia. The translations of Hindu epic "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata" into old Javanese language took place during the era of Medang Kingdom and Kediri kingdom around 9th to 11th century. The is also composed during Kediri kingdom, and it became the prelude of later Panji cycles that spread as far as Siam and Cambodia. Other literary works include and , based upon Pararaton, the story of the orphan who usurped his king, and married the queen of the ancient Javanese kingdom.