By the 1940s, writings about space in landscape design had proliferated. Siegfried Giedion, in his "Space, Time and Architecture", reframed the history of architecture as that of the history of space. Ernő Goldfinger wrote several influential articles in "Architectural Review" addressing the subconscious effect of the sizes and shapes of spaces. He notes that perception of space happens in a state of distraction: we are required to move through a landscape in order to fully experience it. Dan Kiley absorbed these writings and built upon the work of Rose and Eckbo, promoting asymmetry over symmetry, balance over hierarchy, multiple centers, and figure-ground ambiguity.