By the 12th century the text existed in Greek translation, of which a 14th-century manuscript survives, and Byzantine writers were also using the "Donation" in their polemics; John Kinnamos, writing in the reign of eastern emperor Manuel I Komnenos, criticized western Staufer emperors as usurpers and denied the popes had the right to bestow the imperial office. Theodore Balsamon justified Michael Cerularius's behaviour in 1054 using the "Donation" as a rationale for his dismissal of the papal legation and the mutual excommunications that followed.