Utopian socialism reached the national level fictionally in Edward Bellamy's 1888 novel "Looking Backward", a utopian depiction of a socialist United States in the year 2000. The book sold millions of copies and became one of the best-selling American books of the nineteenth century. By one estimation, only "Uncle Tom's Cabin" surpassed it in sales. The book sparked a following of Bellamy Clubs and influenced socialist and labor leaders, including Eugene V. Debs. Likewise, Upton Sinclair's masterpiece "The Jungle" was first published in the socialist newspaper "Appeal to Reason", criticized capitalism as being oppressive and exploitative to meatpacking workers in the industrial food system. The book is still widely referred to today as one of the most influential works of literature in modern history.