In the mid 1880s, the Kingdom of Uganda was divided between four religious factions -Adherents of Uganda's Native Religion, Catholics, Protestants and Muslims - each vying for political control. In 1888, Mwanga II was ousted in a coup led by the Muslim faction, who installed Kalema as leader. The following year, a Protestant and Catholic coalition formed to remove Kalema and return Mwanga II to power. This coalition secured an alliance with the Imperial British East Africa Company, and succeeded in ousting Kalema and reinstating Mwanga in 1890.