The village was first owned by the Lords of Eschkon from the 13th to 15th centuries. They were vassals of Rheinfelden and occasionally the Habsburgs. From the mid-14th century until 1797, Oeschgen was part of the Austrian-Habsburg District of Laufenburg. In 1803 it was part of the Canton of Fricktal when it joined the new Canton of Aargau. The rights to low justice were held by the Lords of Grünenberg, then from 1475 until 1797 by the Lords of Schönau. In 1597-98 the Lords of Schönau built a manor house in the village. This manor later became the municipal administration building and was renovated between 1971-75. In the Second World War an internment camp for Polish soldiers was built near the village.