Randall Lockwood PhD, Vice President for Research and Educational Outreach of the Humane Society of the United States, was quoted in a 2007 White Paper as writing "We recognize that older products were often unreliable and difficult to use humanely. But we feel that new technology employed by responsible manufacturers has led to products that can be and are being used safely and effectively to preserve the safety and well-being of many dogs and strengthen the bond with their human companions." The White Paper was titled "The Facts About Modern Electronic Training Devices" and produced by Radio Systems, a manufacturer of shock collars.