In May of 1862, the Homestead Act was signed into law and began creating new opportunities in agriculture for thousands of people. The transcontinental railroad was also authorized by Congress at this time, allowing for agriculture to become the biggest business in America. The Smith Lever Act passed in 1914 not only played a vital role in agricultural education and the creation of the United States Extension Service, but the founding of the Illinois Agricultural Association, or Illinois Farm Bureau, in 1916.