After the Bourbon Reforms, "peninsulares" were almost exclusively appointed to the positions of viceroy and bishop. Other offices, such as "oidores" of the "audiencia", "corregidores" (in the places where it continued to exist after the Bourbon Reforms) and intendants, also saw a rise in the proportion of "peninsulares" being appointed. These last ones had been positions to which creoles once had easy access, especially after the approval of the sale of offices which began during the financial crisis at the end of the 16th century. As a result of being shut out of these offices, creoles turned to the cabildos for political power. Soon enough cabildos became the center of power for creoles, as evidenced in many of the clashes, usually with the "peninsular"-dominated "audiencias", in the period leading up to the wars of independence. In the first decades of the national period, the traditional form of the cabildo was kept in several Spanish American nations, although they were eventually replaced by legislative municipal councils.