"Couronne" was armed with 36 Modèle 1860 rifled breech-loading guns, 30 of which were positioned on the single gun deck in the broadside. The remaining 4 guns were placed on the upper deck as chase guns. They fired a shell at a muzzle velocity of only and proved to be ineffective against armour. The ship was rearmed multiple times during her career, the first of which was the replacement of the chase guns by four howitzers in 1864 and the replacement of the rest of the guns by improved Modèle 1864 guns. The ship was subsequently rearmed with 16 Modèle 1864 or 1866 guns on her main deck and six 164.7-millimetre guns on the upper deck as chase guns. Her final armament configuration before she became a gunnery training ship in 1881 was eight Modèle 1870 guns and four 194-millimetre Modèle 1870 guns on the main deck. A pair of guns and a dozen 5-barrelled Hotchkiss revolving cannon were mounted on the upper deck.