The German concept of the spirit of the nation was imported to American linguistics by William Dwight Whitney who was associated with the Neogrammarians. Wilhelm Wundt's nation psychology was imported to American anthropology by Franz Boas who taught Sapir who in turn became Whorf's teacher; and, again by Leonard Bloomfield, translating Wundt's ideas into English. Due to the rise anti-German mentality after WWI it became necessary to hide this overarching German influence behind American names and terminology. Like in Europe, the "genius" concept was developed in different ways in American textbooks.