In 1990, Roberts was captured in Frankfurt after being caught smuggling himself into the country. He was extradited to Australia and served a further six years in prison, two of which were spent in solitary confinement. According to Roberts, he escaped prison again during that time, but relented and smuggled himself back into jail. His intention was to serve the rest of his sentence to give himself the chance to be reunited with his family. During his second stay in Australian prison, he began writing "Shantaram". The manuscript was destroyed by prison wardens, twice, while Roberts was writing it.