The majority of the people belonged to one of four broad groups of commoners. First, royal servicemen were bondsmen ("kyundaw", ) of the king, and were often assigned to individual headmen and officials who acted as the king's representatives. They received land grants from the crown, and were exempt from most personal taxes in exchange for regular or military service. Second, "Athi" () commoners lived not on royal land but on communally-held land, and owed no regular royal service but paid substantial head taxes. Private bondsmen ("kyun", ) owed labour only to their individual patron, and lay outside the system of royal obligation. Finally, religious bondsmen ("hpaya-kyun", ) were also private bondsmen who owed labour only to monasteries and temples but not to the crown.