In 945, the "A" version of the eleventh- to thirteenth-century "Annales Cambriæ", and the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century "Brut y Tywysogyon" reveal that the Kingdom of Strathclyde was wasted by the English. The ninth- to twelfth-century "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" offers more information, and relates that Edmund I, King of the English harried across the land of the Cumbrians, and the region to Máel Coluim mac Domnaill. Similarly, the twelfth-century "Historia Anglorum" records that the English ravaged the realm, and that Edmund commended the lands to Máel Coluim mac Domnaill who had agreed to assist him by land and sea. According to the version of events preserved by the thirteenth-century Wendover and Paris versions of "Flores historiarum", Edmund had two of Dyfnwal's sons blinded. If these sources are to be believed, they could reveal that the two princes had been English hostages before hostilities broke out, or that they were prisoners captured in the midst of the campaign. The ritual blinding of kings was not an unknown act in contemporary Britain and Ireland, and it is possible that Edmund may have meant to deprive Dyfnwal of a royal heir.