In the 1330s, Petrarch expressed the view that European culture had stagnated and drifted into what he called the ""Dark Ages"", since the fall of Rome in the fifth century, owing to among other things, the loss of many classical Latin texts and to the corruption of the language in contemporary discourse. Scholars of the Renaissance believed that they lived in a new age that broke free of the decline described by Petrarch. Historians Leonardo Bruni and Flavio Biondo developed a three tier outline of history composed of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. The Latin term "media tempestas" (middle time) first appears in 1469. The term "medium aevum" (Middle Ages) is first recorded in 1604. "Medieval" first appears in the nineteenth century and is an Anglicised form of "medium aevum".