Other modern tests described by Bane include those by Williams (which concluded that longbows could "not" penetrate mail, but in Bane's view did not use a realistic arrow tip), Robert Hardy's tests (which achieved broadly similar results to Bane), and a "Primitive Archer" test which demonstrated that a longbow could penetrate a plate armour breastplate. However, the "Primitive Archer" test used a longbow at very short range, generating 160 joules (vs. 73 for Bane and 80 for Williams), so probably not representative of battles of the time.