At the end of the 19th and throughout the 20th century many previously nomadic tribes turned to permanent settlement. It was a process initiated by local governments, and it was mainly a global trend forced by the changes in the attitude to the land and real property and also due to state policies that complicated border crossing. Among these nations are Negev Bedouin in Jordan, Israel and Egypt, Bashkirs, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, Evenks, Evens, Sakha in Soviet Russia, Tibetan nomads in China, Babongo in Gabon, Baka in Cameroon, Innu in Canada, Gypsies in Romania and Czechoslovakia, etc.