An unknown number of people killed were civilians, and under the standard operating rules at the time those who did not 'voluntarily' leave free-fire zone were generally regarded as VC. Total number of civilians killed are largely unknown, but estimates are that 6 civilians were killed for every VC, with indiscriminate firepower distinctions between enemy combatants and non-combatants oftentimes were not made. These issues were raised in the Fulbright Hearings. ROK troops of the Capital Division were alleged to have killed civilians in the Bình An/Tây Vinh massacre.