Previously, he was a member of the Board of Cowen Inc., EBIX, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, Chairman of Intelsat, CEO of PanAmSat, Chairman of FedData, Chairman of GRC International, Executive Chairman of MTN Satellite Communications, CEO of Scientific Games, Co-Chairman of Baker & Taylor, Vice Chairman and Director of W. R. Grace, Chairman of Grace Energy Company, President of Grace Environmental Company, Senior Advisor to Providence Equity, Vice Chairman of Terremark, President of two Citibank subsidiaries, Vice President and Partner of Booz, Allen and Hamilton, in addition to executive positions in several other smaller companies. He also previously was a Director of Travelers, Harcourt Brace Janovich, Kroll, Priority Holdings, Titan, Terremark Worldwide, Proxim, RealMed, Federal Signal, Education Management Corporation (EDMC), Hampton University, AT&T Government Markets, and others.