Early American stag films included "Wonders of the Unseen World" (1927), "An Author's True Story" (1933), "Goodyear" (1950s), "Smart Alec" (1951), and "Playmates" (1956–58). Breakthrough films, such as 1969's "Blue Movie" by Andy Warhol, 1972's "Deep Throat", 1973's "The Devil in Miss Jones" and 1976's "The Opening of Misty Beethoven" by Radley Metzger, launched the so-called "porno chic" phenomenon in the United States and enabled the commercialization of the adult film industry. In this period America's most notorious pornographer was Reuben Sturman. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, throughout the 1970s, Sturman controlled most of the pornography circulating in the country.