From 1933 to 1936 Pius wrote several protests against the Nazi regime, while his attitude to Mussolini's Italy changed dramatically in 1938, after Nazi racial policies were adopted in Italy. Pius XI watched the rising tide of totalitarianism with alarm and delivered three papal encyclicals challenging the new creeds: against Italian Fascism "Non abbiamo bisogno" (1931; '"We do not need (to acquaint you)"'); against Nazism ""Mit brennender Sorge"" (1937; '"With deep concern"') and against atheist Communism "Divini redemptoris" (1937; '"Divine Redeemer"'). He also challenged the extremist nationalism of the Action Française movement and anti-Semitism in the United States.