The President's competent powers, or his powers guaranteed by the Constitution, are mentioned in Federalist No. 70 and more fully discussed in Federalist No.73 in the context of executive and legislative interactions, specifically the executive veto power. Hamilton argues that the executive veto provides stability by preventing "the excess of lawmaking" and that the executive veto and judicial review will "shield...the executive" from legislative misbehavior. This argument is tied to Madison's praise of the separation of powers in Federalist No. 51, which he contends will permit the president to execute the laws and act as commander in-chief without fear of legislative encroachment on his powers.