Northern Hudson Bay has a polar climate (Köppen: "ET") being one of the few places in the world where this type of climate is found south of 60 °N, going further south towards Quebec, where Inukjuak is still dominated by the tundra. From Arviat, Nunavut, to the west to the south and southeast prevails the subarctic climate (Köppen: "Dfc"). This is because in the central summer months, heat waves can advance from the hot land and make the weather milder, with the result that the average temperature surpasses . At the extreme southern tip of the extension known as James Bay arises a humid continental climate with a longer and generally hotter summer. (Köppen: "Dfb") The average annual temperature in almost the entire bay is around or below. In the extreme northeast, winter temperatures average as low as .