Barker argued that this hypothesis could be used to explain phenomena such as "duality of NP meaning" (e.g., the fact that the QNP "everyone" behaves very differently from the non-quantificational noun phrase "Bob" in contributing towards the meaning of a sentence like "Alice sees [Bob/everyone]"), "scope displacement" (e.g., that "a raindrop fell on every car" is interpreted typically as formula_1 rather than as formula_2), and "scope ambiguity" (that a sentence like "someone saw everyone" may be ambiguous between formula_3 and formula_4). He also observed that this idea is in a way just a natural extension of Richard Montague's approach in "The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English" (PTQ), writing that "with the benefit of hindsight, a limited form of continuation-passing is clearly discernible at the core of Montague’s (1973) PTQ treatment of NPs as generalized quantifiers".