Dominican Spanish, a Caribbean dialect of Spanish, is based on the Andalusian and Canarian Spanish dialects of southern Spain, and has influences from English, African languages, Taíno and other Arawakan languages. Speakers of Dominican Spanish may also use conservative words that in the so-called "upper-class speech of Spain" would be considered archaisms. The variety spoken in the Cibao region is a mixture of two dialects: that of the 16th- and 17th-century Portuguese colonists in the Cibao valley, and that of the 18th-century Canarian settlers with minor African influences along with words of Indigenous origin.