In France and other Francophone countries, "patois" has been used to describe non-standard French and regional languages such as Picard, Occitan and Franco-Provençal, since 1643 and Catalan after 1700, when the king Louis XIV banned its use. The word assumes the view of such languages being backward, countrified and unlettered, thus patois being potentially considered offensive when used by outsiders. Jean Jaurès said "one names "patois" the language of a defeated nation". However, "patois" doesn't have an offensive connotation in Switzerland or in France anymore (on the contrary).