With Vitale's conviction in 2001, Cantarella became acting underboss for the family. Unknown to Cantarella, however, he had become a target of an unorthodox FBI investigation. Jack Stubing, the head of the FBI's Bonanno Squad, had been at a loss to find a way to bring down Massino. He ultimately persuaded his bosses to let him borrow Jeff Sallet and Kim McCaffrey, a pair of forensic accountants normally used on fraud cases, believing that they could pinpoint participants in the family's money laundering schemes. He believed that enough conspirators would be frightened by the prospect of long prison terms that they would easily be willing to cooperate.