Mammalian megafauna once widespread in the MPA was driven to near extinction in the early 20th century. Some species have been successfully recovered since then — the population of white rhinoceros ("Ceratotherium simum simum") increased from less than 20 individuals in 1895 to more than 17,000 as of 2013. Other species are still dependent of fenced areas and management programs, including black rhinoceros ("Diceros bicornis minor"), African wild dog ("Lycaon pictus"), cheetah ("Acynonix jubatus"), elephant ("Loxodonta africana"), and lion ("Panthera leo").