SBS was previously believed to present with constellation of findings (often referred to as a "triad"): subdural hematoma; retinal bleeding; and brain swelling or encephalopathy – which has controversially been used to infer child abuse caused by violent shaking or traumatic shaking. The diagnostic accuracy of the triad, linked to episodes of traumatic shaking is controversial with a 2016 systematic review finding limited scientific evidence associating the triad to episodes of traumatic shaking, and insufficient evidence for using the triad to identify such episodes. The connection is controversial in part following cases where parents of children exhibiting the triad have, in addition to losing custody, been jailed or sentenced to death.