The "Vorwärts" was prohibited in this time as well. "Der Sozialdemokrat" was one of the few party papers that were distributed illegally in the Reich. It was printed in Zurich since 1880, and in London from 1887. Many Social Democrats were forced to emigrate to neighboring countries, others were jailed for breaching the anti-socialist laws or were expelled from the towns they were living in as "agitators". When the government declared the so-called "Kleiner Belagerungszustand" (small state of siege) on several cities that were Social Democrat strongholds, these sanctions further increased.