This has happened first by the sidelining risk-sharing finance in favor of "murabaha" and other fixed-markup financing of purchases, and further by distorting the rules of that fixed-markup "murabaha" (see also Ignoring required commodities below) to effectively provide conventional cash interest loans with "profit rates" that follow conventional interest rates, the "net result" being "not materially different from interest based transactions". (Another violation is the use of "ijarah" (leasing) without the "lessor either assuming "the liability for his ownership" or offering "any usufruct to the lessee".)