Rummel coined the term "democide", defined as "the murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder." He has further stated to "use the civil definition of murder, where someone can be guilty of murder if they are responsible in a reckless and wanton way for the loss of life, as in incarcerating people in camps where they may soon die of malnutrition, unattended disease, and forced labor, or deporting them into wastelands where they may die rapidly from exposure and disease." In his book "Death by Government", published in 1987, Rummel estimated that 148 million were killed by Communist governments from 1917 to 1987. The list of Communist countries with more than 1 million estimated victims included China at 77,277,000 (1949–1987), the Soviet Union at 61,911,000, Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) at 2,035,000, Vietnam (1945–1987) at 1,670,000, Poland (1945–1948) at 1,585,000, North Korea (1948–1987) at 1,563,000 and Yugoslavia (1945–1987) at 1,072,000. Those numbers should not be considered factual, as Rummel himself described his figures as "little more than educated guesses."