After the Flight of the Earls left Gaelic Ulster without leadership in 1607, James saw an opportunity to finally Anglicize the province that had hitherto resisted British cultural influence. James set about granting lands and titles to those who were loyal to him in Britain as well as the Gaelic lords he deemed "worthy" in Ireland. James encouraged an increase in migration from Britain to Ulster promising work and a new life in what he later dubbed the Plantation of Ulster. Though many came from all over the area, the largest response was from lowland Scotland. Scottish migrants came to Ulster in droves honoring the king's condition to develop existing towns, build roads and found new settlements. The process of mass migration during the Plantation saw the eventual emergence of the Ulster-Scots. In recognition of his efforts, King James formally granted the town of Belfast and its castle, together with some large estates, to Sir Arthur Chichester in 1612. By letters patent, Chichester was also created Baron Chichester of Belfast.