As a graduate student at Oxford and postdoctoral fellow with Eric Lander at the Broad Institute, Sabeti developed a family of statistical tests for positive selection that look for common genetic variants found on unusually long haplotypes. Her tests, extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH), the long-range haplotype (LRH) test, and cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH), are designed to detect advantageous mutations whose frequency in human populations has risen rapidly over the last 10,000 years. As a faculty member at Harvard, Sabeti and her group have developed a statistical test to pinpoint signals of selection, the Composite of Multiple Signals (CMS), and a family of statistical tests to detect and characterize correlations in datasets of any kind, maximal information non-parametic exploration (MINE). Sabeti created a series of videos with the goal of explaining statistics to high school and college students. Sabeti has via her collaboration with Michael Mitzenmacher an Erdős number of 3.