An entry in the "Oxford English Dictionary" (2008) defines racialism as "earlier term than racism, but now largely superseded by it", and cites the term "racialism" in a 1902 quote. The revised "Oxford English Dictionary" cites the shortened term "racism" in a quote from the following year, 1903. It was first defined by the "Oxford English Dictionary" (2nd edition, 1989) as "he theory that distinctive human characteristics and abilities are determined by race"; the same dictionary termed "racism" a synonym of "racialism": "belief in the superiority of a particular race". By the end of World War II, "racism" had acquired the same supremacist connotations formerly associated with "racialism": "racism" now implied racial discrimination, racial supremacism, and a harmful intent. (The term "race hatred" had also been used by sociologist Frederick Hertz in the late 1920s.)