In 1956 Viriato da Cruz, in Luanda, wrote the manifesto that would become the founding document of the MPLA (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola). On September 30, 1957, Da Cruz left for Lisbon, with the hopes of recruiting advice and support from the Partido Comunista Portugués (PCP). His call for help went unanswered by the PCP. Da Cruz went on to Paris and Frankfurt, where Mário Pinto de Andrade and Lúcio Lara contributed to the revision of his manifesto. At a conference in Tunis in 1960, Viriato da Cruz became the first person to utter the new organization's name in public.