Recent research has focused on the in-place remediation of trichloroethylene in soil and ground water instead of removal for off-site treatment and disposal. Naturally-occurring bacteria have been identified with the ability to degrade TCE. "Dehalococcoides" sp. degrade trichloroethylene by reductive dechlorination under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, "Pseudomonas fluorescens" can co-metabolize TCE. Soil and ground water contamination by TCE has also been successfully remediated by chemical treatment and extraction. The bacteria "Nitrosomonas europaea" can degrade a variety of halogenated compounds including trichloroethylene. Toluene dioxygenase has been reported to be involved in TCE degradation by "Pseudomonas putida". In some cases, "Xanthobacter autotrophicus" can convert up to 51% of TCE to CO and .