All three are kept distinct outside of North America. In accents without the merger, "Mary" has the "a" sound of "mare", "marry" has the "short "a"" sound of "mat", and merry has the "short "e"" sound of "met". In modern Received Pronunciation, they are pronounced as , , and ; in Australian English, as , , and ; in New York City English, as , , and ; and in Philadelphia English, the same as New York City except "merry" is . There is plenty of variance in the distribution of the merger, with expatriate communities of those speakers being formed all over the country.