The first medical school in the United States opened in 1765 at the College of Philadelphia by John Morgan and William Shippen Jr.; this school developed over time into the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine. In 1767, Dr. Samuel Bard, an alumnus of then-King's College opened a medical school that developed into what is today Columbia University's Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. Harvard Medical School opened in 1782. Dartmouth opened its medical school as the fourth established in the United States in 1797.