The use of trichloroethylene in the food and pharmaceutical industries has been banned in much of the world since the 1970s due to concerns about its toxicity. Legislation has forced the substitution of trichloroethylene in many processes in Europe as the chemical was classified as a carcinogen carrying an R45 risk phrase, "May cause cancer". Many degreasing chemical alternatives are being promoted such as Ensolv and Leksol; however, each of these is based on "n"-propyl bromide which carries an R60 risk phrase of "May impair fertility", and they would not be a legally acceptable substitute.