Lung cancer screening refers to cancer screening strategies used to identify early lung cancers before they cause symptoms, at a point where they are more likely to be curable. More than 224,000 new cases of lung cancer are expected in the United States in 2016 with approximately 155,000 deaths expected in 2017. 57% were diagnosed in advanced stages (III and IV) where survival is poor. Screening research addresses potential differences in multiple parameters between groups of research subjects with and without screening. Because there is a substantially higher probability of long-term survival following treatment in localized (55%) than in advanced stage (5%), the specific rationale of lung cancer screening is to diagnose the disease in stage I. Research parameters include population cancer-specific mortality, all-cause mortality, long-term survival following diagnosis of cancer, risks of screening and cost-effectiveness. Screening studies for lung cancer have only been done in high risk populations in the U.S., such as smokers and workers with occupational exposure to certain substances. Results from large randomized studies have recently prompted a large number of professional organizations and governmental agencies in the U.S. to now recommend lung cancer screening in select populations.