A Latin translation of the work, entitled "Philosophus Autodidactus", first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger. The first English translation (by Simon Ockley) was published in 1708. These translations later may have inspired Daniel Defoe to write "Robinson Crusoe", which also featured a desert island narrative. The novel also inspired the concept of "tabula rasa" developed in "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" (1690) by John Locke, who was a student of Pococke. His "Essay" went on to become one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern Western philosophy, and influenced many enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and George Berkeley. Hayy's ideas on materialism in the novel also have some similarities to Karl Marx's historical materialism.