The House committee drafted a bill that imposed very high duties on raw materials, including iron, hemp (for rope) and flax, but eliminated the protective features on woolen goods. The alliance organized by Van Buren that included the middle states and the south voted down every attempt by New Englanders to amend the bill. The alliance was confident the bill was so abominable that it would be defeated, and Adams and Clay would be hurt. To the astonishment of the alliance, , New England voted for the final bill, on the grounds that the principle of protection was of enormous value. The bill passed the house 105 to 94 on 23 April and passed the Senate 26 to 21 on 13 May. President Adams signed it and the tariff became law. Adams became a hated man in the South.