The First Nation is a signatory to Treaty 9 (originally as part of the Fort Hope Band) and has reserved for itself the Neskantaga Indian Reserve, containing the main community of Lansdowne House Indian Settlement on Attawapiskat Lake. Associated with the Neskantaga First Nation is the Summer Beaver Indian Settlement, which is shared with Nibinamik First Nation. The Lansdowne House is linked to the rest of Ontario by the Lansdowne House Airport, and by winter roads and ice roads to points south, via the Northern Ontario Resource Trail. As of November 2011, there is a total registered population of 414 people, of whom 304 people live on their own reserve.