As pointed out by Higgins the sampling theorem should really be considered in two parts, as done above: the first stating the fact that a bandlimited function is completely determined by its samples, the second describing how to reconstruct the function using its samples. Both parts of the sampling theorem were given in a somewhat different form by J. M. Whittaker [350, 351, 353 and before him also by Ogura 242. They were probably not aware of the fact that the first part of the theorem had been stated as early as 1897 by Borel As we have seen, Borel also used around that time what became known as the cardinal series. However, he appears not to have made the link [135. In later years it became known that the sampling theorem had been presented before Shannon to the Russian communication community by Kotel'nikov In more implicit, verbal form, it had also been described in the German literature by Raabe [257. Several authors 205 have mentioned that Someya introduced the theorem in the Japanese literature parallel to Shannon. In the English literature, Weston [347 introduced it independently of Shannon around the same time.28