The reforms of the Council of Constance (1414–1418) and the Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence (1431–1449) failed. At the Synods of Orleans and Tours, in 1510, the French decided to convoke a general council. In view of the Council of Constance decree ' and the delay of Julius II to convoke a general council as he had sworn in the papal conclave, the schismatic ' convened at Pisa in 1511. Florence permitted the ' to use Pisa as the location; this estranged Julius II, and both Florence and Pisa were placed under an interdict. According to Marco Pellegrini, the Gallican ' "shows how some members of the Sacred College were ever open to schismatic solutions".