The subject "(s)he" of the second sentence is only implied in Italian. English and French, on the other hand, require an explicit subject in this sentence (other than in the imperative mood, or where a subject is mentioned in the same sentence or one immediately preceding it). These languages can sometimes drop pronouns in limited contexts: e.g, German for "please", "Bitte", literally means " beg", and in English "Am not happy" or even "Not happy!" would be clearly understood as first person singular. Similarly, in some cases the additional inclusion of pronouns in English has equivalent force to their optional inclusion in Spanish or Italian: e.g, "I cook, I wash up and I do the shopping" is more emphatic than simply "I cook, wash up and do the shopping".