Oncomodulin is present in the eye. It is small, acidic, has a high calcium-binding activity, and consists of 108 amino acid residues. It is released by macrophages in the vitreous and the retina to promote nerve regeneration in the eye. This regeneration can be done in response to inflammation in the eye and promote regrowth in the eye to repair retinal injury. The regeneration effects of oncomodulin outcompetes other neurotrophic factors like BDNF, CNTF, and GDNF. When added to retinal nerve cells in a petri dish with no other growth factors present, oncomodulin has been shown to promote neuron regrowth at 5-7 times the normal rate.