In the 6th century CE, Jordanes wrote that the former name of the city was "Pulpudeva" () and that Philip the Arab named the city after himself. This name is most likely a Thracian oral translation of the other as it kept all consonants of the name Philip + deva (city). Although the two names sound similar, they may not share the same origin as Odrin and Adrianople do, and "Pulpudeva" may have predated the other names meaning "lake city" in Thracian. Since the 9th century CE the Slavic name began to appear as "Papaldiv/n, Plo(v)div, Pladiv, Pladin, Plapdiv, Plovdin," which originate from "Pulpudeva". As a result, the name has lost any meaning. In British English the Bulgarian variant "Plòvdiv" has become prevalent after World War I. The Crusaders mentioned the city as "Prineople", "Sinople" and "Phinepople". The Ottomans called the city "Filibe", a corruption of "Philip", in a document from 1448.