Truth values in rhetoric, philosophy and mathematics: The truth values are only two: { TRUTH "T", FALSITY "F" }. An empiricist puts all propositions into two broad classes: "analytic"—true no matter what (e.g. tautology), and "synthetic"—derived from experience and thereby susceptible to confirmation by third parties (the verification theory of meaning). Empiricits hold that, in general, to arrive at the truth-value of a synthetic proposition, meanings (pattern-matching templates) must first be applied to the words, and then these meaning-templates must be matched against whatever it is that is being asserted. For example, my utterance "That cow is ""!" Is this statement a TRUTH? Truly I said it. And maybe I "am" seeing a blue cow—unless I am lying my statement is a TRUTH relative to the object of my (perhaps flawed) perception. But is the blue cow "really there"? What do you see when you look out the same window? In order to proceed with a verification, you will need a prior notion (a template) of both "cow" and "", and an ability to match the templates against the object of sensation (if indeed there is one).