The second level, tied to the second cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the "Laurea magistrale" and the "laurea specialistica" in university institutions and the "Diploma accademico di secondo livello" in AFAM institutions. The old "Diploma di laurea" is mapped to this level. The "Laurea magistrale" and the "laurea specialistica" are obtained after two further years of study (120 ECTS credits) and give the academic title of "dottore magistrale". The old "Diploma di laurea" took four to six years but was accessed directly from school, with a possible reduction by one year for those with a related "diploma" and also granted the title of "dottore magistrale".