At the end of chapter 4 ("Why there almost certainly is no God"), Dawkins sums up his argument and states, "The temptation attribute the appearance of design to actual design itself is a false one, because the designer hypothesis immediately raises the larger problem of who designed the designer. The whole problem we started out with was the problem of explaining statistical improbability. It is obviously no solution to postulate something even more improbable". In addition, chapter 4 asserts that the alternative to the designer hypothesis is not "chance", but "natural selection".