Norman Podhoretz, a student at Columbia with Kerouac and Ginsberg, later became a critic of the Beats. His 1958 "Partisan Review" article "The Know-Nothing Bohemians" was a vehement critique primarily of Kerouac's "On the Road" and "The Subterraneans," as well as Ginsberg's "Howl". His central criticism is that the Beat embrace of spontaneity is bound up in an anti-intellectual worship of the "primitive" that can easily turn toward mindlessness and violence. Podhoretz asserted that there was a link between the Beats and criminal delinquents.