In 1961, a protégé of Barnes, David Hoggan, published "Der erzwungene Krieg" ("The Forced War") in West Germany, which claimed that Germany had been the victim of an Anglo-Polish conspiracy in 1939. Though "Der erzwungene Krieg" was primarily concerned with the origins of World War II, it also down-played or justified the effects of Nazi antisemitic measures in the pre-1939 period. For example, Hoggan justified the huge one billion Reichsmark fine imposed on the entire Jewish community in Germany after the 1938 "Kristallnacht" as a reasonable measure to prevent what he called "Jewish profiteering" at the expense of German insurance companies and alleged that no Jews were killed in the "Kristallnacht" (in fact, 91 German Jews were murdered in the "Kristallnacht"). Subsequently, Hoggan explicitly denied the Holocaust in 1969 in a book entitled "The Myth of the Six Million", which was published by the Noontide Press, a small Los Angeles publisher specializing in antisemitic literature.