In Canada, Gary Botting created or "constructed" happenings between 1969 (in St. John's, Newfoundland) and 1972 (in Edmonton, Alberta), including "The Aeolian Stringer" in which a "captive" audience was entangled in string emanating from a vacuum cleaner as it made its rounds (similar to Kaprow's "A Spring Happening", where he used a power lawnmower and huge electric fan to similar effect); "Zen Rock Festival" in which the central icon was a huge rock with which the audience interacted in unpredictable ways; "Black on Black" held in the Edmonton Art Gallery; and "Pipe Dream," set in a men's washroom with an all-female "cast".