The first level, tied to the first cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the "laurea" (bachelor's degree) in universities and the "Diploma accademico di primo livello" in AFAM institutions. The older qualifications mapped to this level are the "Diploma universitario" and the "Diploma di scuole dirette a fini speciali (SDAFS)" from universities and the "Diploma di Conservatorio", "Diploma di Istituto Musicale Pareggiato", "Diploma dell'Accademia di Belle Arti", "Diploma dell'Istituto Superiore delle Industrie Artistiche (ISIA)", "Diploma dell'Accademia Nazionale di Danza" and "Diploma dell'Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica" from AFAM institutions. The "laurea" is obtained after three years of study (180 ECTS credits) and gives the academic title of "dottore"; the older university qualifications at this level took two to three years, with three year courses granting the title of "dottore".