Of final energy demand, over one third is used by industry. Most of that energy is deployed in thermal processes: generating steam, drying and refrigeration. The share of renewable energy in industry was 14.5% in 2017, which mostly include low-temperature heat supplied by bioenergy and electricity. The more energy intensive part of industry have the lowest shares of renewable energy, as they face limitations to meet heat demand over 200 °C. For some industrial processes, such as steel production, commercialization of technologies that have not yet been built or operated at full scale is needed to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. The production of plastic, cement and fertilizers also requires significant amounts of energy, with limited possibilities available to decarbonise.