From 1919 to 1920, he was the head football coach at Nebraska, where he compiled an 8–6–3 record. He also served as the school's track coach from 1919 to 1938, and was an assistant coach for the football team from 1922 to 1927. One newspaper columnist noted that "his work with the big, sturdy plainsmen of the Cornhusker state largely was responsible for the name the school built for itself." Schulte was credited with building great football lines for Nebraska, including his years as an assistant coach; Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne frequently mentioned Schulte as "the greatest line coach in the game." In 20 years as the Cornhuskers' track coach, Schulte coached his teams to 15 conference titles. Schulte also served as a coach on the U.S. track team at the 1928 Summer Olympics. At Nebraska, the track athletes coached by Schulte included Ed Weir, John "Choppy" Rhodes, Hugh Rhea, Sam Francis and Lloyd Cardwell.