Within the Nazi state, first persecution, then extermination, was aimed primarily at stationary "Gypsy mongrels". Since the fall of 1939, initially only partially implemented deportation intentions existed. Starting in February 1943, a majority of the Roma living in the German Reich were deported to the specially established Gypsy camp at Auschwitz. Other Roma were deported there from the occupied Western European territories. Only a minority survived. Outside the reach of systematic registration, as in the German-occupied areas of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Roma who were most threatened were those who, in the German judgment, were "vagabonds," though some were actually refugees or displaced persons. Here, the members of the minority fell victim above all to massacres by German military and police formations, as well as to the SS task forces and the fight against armed resistance to the German occupation.