Gundry suggests the series of unknown names in Matthew connecting Joseph's grandfather to Zerubbabel as an outright fabrication, produced by collecting and then modifying various names from 1 Chronicles. Sivertsen sees Luke's as artificially pieced together out of oral traditions. The pre-exilic series "Levi, Simeon, Judah, Joseph" consists of the names of tribal patriarchs, far more common after the exile than before, while the name "Mattathias" and its variants begin at least three suspiciously similar segments. Kuhn likewise suggests that the two series "Jesus–Mattathias" (77–63) and "Jesus–Mattatha" (49–37) are duplicates.