Thus, in Black's view, the "Slaughterhouse Cases" should not impede incorporation of the Bill of Rights against the states, via the Privileges or Immunities Clause. Some scholars go even further, and argue that the "Slaughterhouse Cases" affirmatively supported incorporation of the Bill of Rights against the states. In dicta, Justice Miller's opinion in "Slaughterhouse" went so far as to acknowledge that the "right to peaceably assemble and petition for redress of grievances ... are rights of the citizen guaranteed by the Federal Constitution," although in context Miller may have only been referring to assemblies for petitioning the federal government.