The first known mention of the title "ban" is in the 10th century by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, in the work "De Administrando Imperio", in the 30th and 31st chapter "Story of the province of Dalmatia" and "Of the Croats and of the country they now dwell in", dedicated to the Croats and the Croatian organisation of their medieval state. In the 30th chapter, describing in byzantine greek, how the Croatian state was divided into eleven "ζουπανίας" (zoupanias; župas), the ban "βοάνος" (Boanos), "καὶ ὁ βοάνος αὐτῶν κρατεῖ" (rules over) "τὴν Κρίβασαν" (Krbava), "τὴν Λίτζαν" (Lika) "καὶ" (and) "τὴν Γουτζησκά" (Gacka). In the 31st chapter, describing the military and naval force of Croatia, "Miroslav, who ruled for four years, was killed by the "βοέάνου" (boeanou) "Πριβουνία" (Pribounia, ie. Pribina)", and after that followed a temporary decrease in the military force of the Croatian Kingdom.