The "palila" and the moths, however, have evolved the ability to deal with the poisonous compounds. The "palila", for example, can deal with dozens of times the dose of cytisine that would kill a laboratory mouse. Both seed predators seem to be able to recognize and avoid the most poisonous trees, which would be natural selection in action. "Cydia" caterpillars are able to break up the toxic compounds. They do not sequester the alkaloids for their own use, but are found to contain about as much phenolic compounds as the seed coats do. This seems not to be sufficient to deter predators however as they are also cryptically colored. The "palila" is apparently impervious to the phenolic aroma (as they eat "Cydia" caterpillars which would smell and taste like the plant), discarding the seed coats due to their low nutritional value. How the "palila" deals with the toxins is not known.(Banko "et al." 2002)