Thus subgenera "Azaleastrum" and "Pentanthera" needed to be disassembled, and "Rhododendron", "Hymenanthes" and "Tsutsusi" correspondingly expanded. In addition to the two separate genera included under "Rhododendron" by Chamberlain ("Ledum", "Tsusiophyllum"), Goetsch "et al.". added "Menziesia" (Clade C). Despite a degree of paraphyly, the subgenus "Rhododendron" was otherwise untouched with regard to its three sections but four other subgenera were eliminated and one new subgenus created, leaving a total of five subgenera in all, from eight in Chamberlain's scheme. The discontinued subgenera are "Pentanthera", "Tsutsusi", "Candidastrum" and "Mumeazalea", while a new subgenus was created by elevating subgenus "Azaleastrum" section "Choniastrum" to subgenus rank.