In Britain, from the very beginning of regular television broadcasting in 1936 and up until the 1980s, interior scenes for TV drama and comedy shows were shot with electronic cameras, while exterior scenes were shot with 16-mm film cameras. This arrangement conditioned British viewers to identify "live" look with interior scenes and "film" look with exterior scenes. In the U.S. and West Germany, most shows were produced completely in either film or video to avoid jarring difference in frame rate. Most other countries avoided outdoor shots for television productions as much as they could until portable video cameras became available.