Researchers from the Indiana University of Pennsylvania who scanned Livingstone's diary suspect he may have been lying about the massacre and his own men might have been involved in it. The account describing the massacre was changed in the "Last Journals" published in 1874. While his published journal blamed Dugumbe's men, it is Manilla who seems to be leading the raid and breaking the treaty with Kimburu according to the researchers who decoded his diary. In the diary, he states that he had sent the Banian slaves, liberated slaves who were sent to him by John Kirk, to assist Manilla's brother - which may indicate their role in the attack. Moreover, records in his field diary don't seem to dispute Moslem accusations against the English for the massacre. In the published journal however, events are changed and much of the reprobate behaviour of Banian slaves mentioned by Livingstone is omitted. The research director Adrian Wisnicki, however, advised caution saying: "We're only beginning to analyze the evidence."