Since the late 20th century, historians have speculated about the incident. The History Channel's program "History's Mysteries" attributed the incident to Brownsville residents' shooting up the town with rifles using the same caliber ammunition (45-70 ?) as the soldiers and then framing the soldiers. (Academic press books about the Brownsville Raid include "The Brownsville Raid" (1970/1992) and "The Senator and the Sharecropper's Son: Exoneration of the Brownsville Soldiers" (1997) by John D. Weaver, and "Racial Borders: Black Soldiers along the Rio Grande" (2010) by James Leiker.)