After his return to the United States in 1806, he took up residence at his father's old estate in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Roxbury, Massachusetts, and devoted himself to literature, writing on politics, agriculture, theology, and other topics, under various signatures, such as: "Citizen of Massachusetts", "Massachusetts Lawyer", "Layman", and "Yankee Farmer". He vigorously opposed French influence and the policies of the Democratic-Republican Party, writing many spirited pamphlets (some signed "The Boston Rebel", some "The Roxbury Farmer"), including: "The Antigallican" (1797), "Remarks on the Hon. J. Q. Adams's Review of Mr Ames's Works" (1809), "New England Patriot, being a Candid Comparison of the Principles and Conduct of the Washington and Jefferson Administrations" (1810), "Appeals to the People on the Causes and Consequences of War with Great Britain" (1811) and "Mr Madison's War" (1812). The pamphlets contained an extreme statement of the anti-war wing of the Federalist party and defended British impressment as a right of long standing. In his 1814 work, "Thoughts in a Series of Letters, in Answer to a Question Respecting the Division of the States", Lowell advocated that all states admitted after the original thirteen be expelled from the Union.