The Kipchaks were first unambiguously mentioned in Persian geographer ibn Khordadbeh's Book of Roads and Kingdoms as a northernly Turkic tribe, after Toquz Oghuz, Karluks, Kimeks, Oghuz, "J.f.r" (either corrupted from "Jikil" or representing "Majfar" for "Majğar"), Pechenegs, Türgesh, Aðkiš, and before Yenisei Kirghiz. Kipchaks possibly appeared in the 8th-century Moyun Chur inscription as "Türk-Qïbchaq", mentioned as having been part of the Turkic Khaganate for fifty years; even so, this attestation is uncertain as damages on the inscription leave only "-čq" (𐰲𐰴) (*"-čaq" or "čiq") readable. It is unclear if the Kipchaks could be identified with, according to Klyashtorny, the Sir in the Orkhon inscriptions (薛延陀; pinyin: Xuè-Yántuó), or with the "Juéyuèshī" (厥越失) in Chinese sources; however, Zuev (2002) identified 厥越失 "Juéyuèshī" (< MC *"kiwat-jiwat-siet") with toponym Kürüshi in the Ezhim river valley (Ch. "Ayan" < MCh. 阿豔 *"a-iam" < OTrk. "Ayam") in Tuva Depression. The relationship between the Kipchaks and Cumans is unclear.