The Hindu texts offer a conflicting view of whether access to "guru" and education was limited to men and to certain "varna" (social classes or castes). The Vedas and the Upanishads never mention any restrictions based either on gender or on "varna". The Upanishads assert that one's birth does not determine one's eligibility for spiritual knowledge, only one's effort and sincerity matters. Dharmasutras and Dharmasastras, such as Paraskara Grhyasutra, Gautama Smriti and Yajnavalkya Smriti, state all four varnas are eligible to all fields of knowledge; while verses of Manusmriti state that Vedic study is available only to men of three varnas, unavailable to Shudra and women.