In 1711–1728, Oleshky was the capital of the Zaporizhian Host under the protection of the Crimean Khanate. In 1784, the settlement of Oleshky was established; by 1790, it became a part of the Kinburn palanka of the Black-Sea Cossacks. In 1802, the settlement was granted town status and became the seat of an uyezd in Taurida Governorate. In 1928, the town was given name, after Alexander Tsiurupa, the former Soviet Trade Minister and the chief of Gosplan who was born in the city.