Gozo Shioda created a structured method in which beginning students would learn the foundation techniques. Techniques are performed by a pair of students called "uke" (受け, the partner on whom the technique is performed) and "shite" (仕手, the partner who performs the technique). They are categorized by elements such as the initiating attack, the applicable control and whether it is a pin or throw. They are further divided into two groups called "ichi" (first) and "ni" (second) techniques. "Ichi" techniques have a feeling of the energy moving towards "uke", while "ni" techniques have a feeling of energy moving towards "shite". For example, in an "ichi" technique, "shite" would move in the same direction as a pull by "uke", while in a "ni" technique, "shite" would divert or pivot away from a push by "uke".