The beginning of jazz journalism was Joseph Medill Patterson's "New York Daily News" in 1919. It was followed in 1924 by William Randolph Hearst's "New York Daily Mirror" and Bernarr Macfadden's New York Evening Graphic. As Hearst and the late Joseph Pulitzer had done with broadsheet yellow journalism a quarter-century earlier, the new tabloid journalism battled for circulation with increasingly dramatic page one images and bold headlines. All three New York tabloids emphasized celebrity, scandal, the entertainment world, crime and violence. Broadway and Hollywood entertainment celebrities and the nightclub, music and crime cultures of prohibition were a bigger focus in the tabloids then civic affairs or international news.