commiss decis decemb relat proceed articl ec treati articl eea agreement case comp zinc phosphat notifi document number german english french text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area regard council regul februari regul implement articl treati amend regul ec articl thereof regard commiss decis august initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss pursuant articl regul commiss regul ec decemb hear parti proceed articl ec treati consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit regard final report hear offic case fact summari infring decis impos fine infring articl treati articl eea agreement address undertak britannia alloi amp chemic limit britannia dr han heubach gmbh amp kg heubach jame brown limit jame brown société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa sncz trident alloi limit trident waardal kjemisk fabrikk waardal infring consist particip produc zinc phosphat continu infring concert practic contrari articl treati articl eea agreement cover commun norwai austria sweden finland fix price product agre implement mechan implement price increas alloc market market share quota alloc specif custom undertak particip infring period britannia march march heubach march jame brown march sncz march trident march waardal march zinc phosphat industri product present proceed concern zinc orthophosph slightli differ chemic formula quot dihydr quot quot tetrahydr quot zinc orthophosph form homogen chemic product gener refer quot zinc phosphat quot zinc phosphat deriv zinc oxid phosphor acid toxic product form cohes micronis white powder zinc phosphat wide anti corros miner pigment protect coat system paint manufactur product anti corros industri paint automot aeronaut marin paint produc zinc phosphat tradition essenti manufactur europ high perform product export past year produc locat western europ hold virtual world market rest produc base compani small produc gener locat asian countri dr han heubach gmbh amp kg dr heubach gmbh amp kg heubach headquart langelsheim lower saxoni germani compani emploi approxim peopl engag manufactur distribut specialis organ miner pigment ingredi manufactur ink plastic paint heubach worldwid turnov eur million heubach sell zinc phosphat includ modifi type standard zinc phosphat market quot zp quot modifi type market quot heucopho quot product zinc phosphat start jame brown limit jame brown limit jame brown small compani locat stoke trent staffordshir unit kingdom compani approxim employe jame brown engag product miner pigment cadmium pigment zinc oxid metal stearat zinc phosphat whilst jame brown produc zinc oxid year zinc phosphat repres minor part product compani enter market acquisit compani name dirov jame brown zinc phosphat market dirov brand jame brown worldwid total turnov gbp million eur million jame brown manufactur standard zinc phosphat product standard grade micronis grade water system grade société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sncz headquart beauchamp val ois franc sncz emploi peopl creat bui société de couleur zinciqu scz société chimiqu prayon rupel sa prayon belgian chemic group acquir share present run compani rest share privat own famili prayon compris subsidiari specialis phosphor acid phosphat deriv fertilis pigment manufactur subsidiari sale subsidiari prayon consolid turnov bef billion eur million scz produc zinc oxid paint pigment zinc dust enjoi acknowledg activ todai sncz abandon product zinc oxid produc zinc phosphat zinc chromat strontium barium chromat product miner anti corros pigment paint coat industri sncz share offic beauchamp quot sister quot compani name silar sa silar control famili hold stake sncz compani share administr staff distinct sale market depart silar main task market zinc oxid produc silox sa silox subsidiari prayon locat belgian site sncz todai largest anti corros pigment produc world worldwid turnov eur million sncz produc standard modifi type zinc phosphat standard type market pz tetrahydr pz dihydr modifi type market novinox pz phosphin pz phosphinox pz trident alloi limit britannia alloi chemic zinc base activ conduct trident alloi limit trident carri hundr year site bloxwich walsal west midland unit kingdom period zinc base activ undergon ownership zinc base busi own australian metal mine group rio tinto zinc corpor plc rtz rtz run isc alloi part rtz includ zinc base busi float australian stock exchang dissoci group australian group pasminco pasminco europ isc alloi pasminco europ isc alloi pasminco group withdrew europ earli zinc busi pasminco europ isc alloi sold octob mim hold mim australian compani assign wholli own british subsidiari britannia alloi chemic britannia britannia zinc busi put sale mim earli manag team zinc busi unit britannia launch manag bui fund lloyd develop capit ventur capit subsidiari lloyd tsb group manag bui successfulli complet march acquisit bloxwich site relat busi newli incorpor compani trident alloi limit britannia carri zinc product busi bloxwich site octob march exist wholli own subsidiari mim trident independ compani origin manag team includ director own share capit major remain capit held lloyd group manag bui director left compani current manag director posit februari trident produc commod deriv zinc metal area busi die cast alloi sacrifici anod cathod protect product zinc base pigment collect refer quot zinc product quot product includ zinc oxid zinc dust zinc phosphat zinc powder trident emploi peopl compani worldwid consolid turnov gbp million eur million financi year trident suppli formul delapho zinc phosphat quot quot quot quot higher water content low lead content micronis type paint pigment cater specif custom trident produc modifi type zinc phosphat waardal kjemisk fabrikk waardal kjemisk fabrikk waardal headquart bergen norwai found emploi peopl waardal origin produc organ pigment paint ink industri compani shift inorgan substanc produc primarili zinc chromat neg effect environ import product progress decreas compani start produc zinc phosphat modifi type zinc phosphat waardal produc zinc borat worldwid turnov compani nok million eur million waardal produc standard modifi type zinc phosphat standard type call zp bs zp modifi type market name wacor zbp wacor zba wacor zap produc zinc phosphat world abovement compani small compani sell small quantiti zinc phosphat local level sale deem insignific eea level american compani miner pigment limit wayn pigment limit produc zinc phosphat includ modifi type essenti confin domest market asian zinc phosphat produc includ hanil korea kikuchi japan chines produc produc hold insignific share eea zinc phosphat market trade associ time period consid decis main european produc zinc phosphat exchang inform met trade associ trade associ collect compil sale data individu compani inform return size market meet aim discuss number subject common interest environ protect transport regulatori issu zinc phosphat produc associ zipho zinc phosphat produc associ subgroup zipho inform establish quot statist group quot zinc oxid produc associ zopa sector group european chemic industri council cefic repres cefic charg zipho sector group manag zipho origin primarili creat collect monitor statist figur zinc phosphat market zipho collect process statist data zinc phosphat zinc phosphat produc decid stop resort cefic zinc phosphat produc met zipho discuss subject common interest period consid decis zipho technic meet organis take place cefic offic brussel zipho member discuss implic zinc phosphat commun initi examin risk exist chemic human environ verband der mineralfarbenindustri vdmi verband der mineralfarbenindustri vdmi german produc associ inorgan pigment print ink print ink addit carbon black white reinforc filler chemic enamel glass ceram artist school colour food color locat frankfurt germani abovement product vdmi compil intern statist vdmi process zinc phosphat produc sale figur vdmi conven meet zinc phosphat produc meet place juli octob vdmi offic meet place barcelona spain novemb occas zinc phosphat produc discuss set trade associ name european manufactur zinc phosphat emzp european manufactur zinc phosphat associ emzp associ establish juli heubach sncz trident jame brown statut object emzp quot promot common welfar engag manufactur zinc phosphat employe custom promot safe product pigment thing interest member trade law proper quot emzp organis vdmi secretari held posit secretari emzp repres heubach chairman newli creat associ repres trident appoint deputi chairman relev market relev product market past effici commonli anti corros pigment paint industri zinc chromat consumpt product strongli declin past decad toxic environment unfriendli product toxic effici substitut zinc phosphat encount grow success industri progress replac zinc chromat longer western countri product paint destin export east latin america countri number miner organ product partial substitut zinc phosphat anti corros purpos todai main substitut zinc phosphat calcium phosphat paint grade approxim cheaper zinc phosphat modifi activ type zinc phosphat substitut standard zinc phosphat modifi grade expens normal zinc phosphat anti corros properti smaller volum requir paint addit equival perform modifi type zinc phosphat produc limit quantiti subject anti competit behaviour decis refer subsequ figur consider refer exclus standard zinc phosphat relev geograph market european produc control quasi total worldwid product zinc phosphat product manufactur europ relev geograph market deem global event eea wide suppli zinc phosphat year size eea wide standard zinc phosphat market volum region metric tonn world market estim tonn market tonn year averag price eea rang ecu tonn total european market approxim eur million western european price world market approxim eur million european market zinc phosphat matur signific growth past year tabl present size year main produc zinc phosphat indic rel import eea wide zinc phosphat market year respect infring figur provid base compani respons request inform commiss gt tabl gt demand zinc phosphat custom zinc phosphat main paint manufactur paint market highli specialis segment domin multin chemic group sector recent undergon major process concentr major player control approxim worldwid paint product medium term foreseen europ top produc increas market share substanti current concentr western europ todai main paint produc akzo nobel ici dupont basf sigmakalon belong totalfinaelf becker tikkurila jotun tekno worldwid sale paint amount million tonn repres global market approxim ecu billion western europ paint market estim million tonn repres ecu billion procedur simultan unannounc investig articl regul carri commiss premis heubach sncz trident request commiss articl protocol eea agreement simultan unannounc investig articl chapter ii protocol agreement efta state establish surveil author court justic carri efta surveil author esa premis waardal document indic zinc phosphat produc particip arrang infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement found investig waardal approach commiss juli announc intent fulli cooper commiss commiss notic imposit reduct fine cartel case hereinaft lenienc notic meet septemb compani gave commiss oral account cartel record commiss letter octob compani provid addit document fax novemb commiss waardal draft minut meet septemb fax decemb septemb waardal gave comment draft minut decemb commiss receiv waardal declar content minut march commiss address request inform articl regul heubach jame brown sncz trident request requir undertak question provid addit inform document receipt request inform trident inform commiss letter april intent cooper fulli investig letter statement april supplement trident repli commiss request inform octob commiss address addit request inform heubach jame brown sncz trident waardal august commiss initi proceed present case adopt statement object undertak decis address parti submit written observ respons commiss object request addresse statement object oral hear held januari octob addit request inform britannia heubach jame brown sncz trident waardal order collect addit turnov figur cartel decis base documentari evid found addresse premis commiss esa investig document provid undertak repli commiss request inform declar waardal written statement submit trident summari infring object commiss cartel zinc phosphat produc britannia trident march onward heubach jame brown sncz waardal exist march aim pursu elimin competit eea wide zinc phosphat market obtain mean market share agreement alloc adher market share produc fix bottom quot recommend quot price extent alloc specif custom alloc sale quota cornerston cartel respect market share initi calcul basi figur year cartel member adher alloc market share sale quota principl alloc european level cartel member agre quot bottom quot quot recommend quot price charg zinc phosphat meet price tonn set gbp market unit kingdom dem german market german price convert local currenc price european countri lead compani territori main input decid price countri instanc trident unit kingdom heubach germani sncz franc lead gener meet inform specif custom exchang occas result custom alloc regular discuss finnish custom tekno winter tekno success quot alloc quot respect member cartel order ensur alloc market share adher monitor system set produc sale volum data monthli basi cefic vdmi compil figur produc concern possess exact size market produc met provid individu sale volum verifi exchang inform mutual adher agre market share march onward cartel member held regular multilater meet period sixteen cartel meet identifi usual repres compani cartel meet individu heubach manag director sale execut jame brown manag director sncz success chairmen commerci director commerci director manag director britannia alloi trident gener manag manag director sale amp market manag commerci director sale execut zinc product sale manag zinc product waardal director intern sale manag agreement sale quota natur quot gentlemen agreement quot member put practic specif kind enforc mechan enforc sale quota achiev pressur brought bear member cartel meet custom alloc form compens event compani achiev alloc quota annual basi real market share produc close alloc share background pre anti competit contact prior zinc phosphat market undergo period low price aggress price cut target mutual competitor tradit custom waardal instanc enjoi share market unit kingdom share nordic market confront simultan phenomena reduct zinc phosphat consumpt nordic countri scandinavian compani decid build product plant unit kingdom sever econom declin finland collaps soviet union addit pasminco europ start enter norwegian market low price waardal declar quot forc protect market quot context competitor began contact order work quot solut quot put end price cut practic trident statement regular commun pasminco europ isc alloi competitor zinc phosphat market period sale execut pasminco europ isc alloi direct telephon line rout switchboard contact competitor trident believ convers competitor involv discuss market price level believ pasminco europ isc alloi sale execut met competitor basi sale execut trident employe pasminco europ isc alloi britannia rememb take part meet involv higher execut heubach purpos meet complain aggress behaviour competitor document found investig improp anti competit contact european zinc phosphat produc place period quot visit report quot found investig waardal show earli meet competitor place sensit inform exchang report written sale execut waardal met manag director market manag pasminco europ isc alloi read quot visit report isc alloi visit alloi ask offer lower quarter rais quarter promis level contract fulfil rais price alloi drastic decreas price market includ scandinavia return higher price bui tonn zp bui tonn zp quot report written end report meet place resin pigment exhibit novemb brussel reveal similar contact read quot competitor zp alloi sncz heubach stand agre price level unaccept low level blame bad time gener impress defend market share mean hold long exhibit zp sold germani dm kg heubach sncz comparison price time sncz chairman express deep concern problem repli voluntari reduct produc quantiti opinion obtain stabil market price agre argument initi meet produc quot market share price fix custom alloc commiss awar zinc phosphat cartel set march regular meet competitor ensu period year commiss esa investig led cartel member cancel cartel meet plan juli amsterdam set cartel prior organis forum zinc phosphat manufactur meet discuss matter common interest zinc dust zinc oxid manufactur trade associ organis cefic equival sector group zinc phosphat manufactur trident clear meet manufactur meet occur repres pasminco europ isc alloi suggest jame brown sncz waardal heubach meet discuss benefit form trade associ meet held octob attend repres heubach jame brown pasminco europ isc alloi sncz waardal trident state purpos initi meet discuss wai order brought market view end prevail price war repres pasminco europ isc alloi suggest develop system compani obtain inform individu market share suggest system organis cefic zinc dust produc cefic act quot honest broker quot zinc dust produc produc provid inform volum produc sold cefic draw inform provid produc pictur total market produc deriv market share trident continu view repres pasminco isc alloi express initi meet late earli produc knew individu market share provid lose signific market share price natur drift upward aggress target custom low price longer exist access accur inform compani market posit prevent compani take aggress action basi mistaken belief lost market posit waardal contest particip meet octob state part contact manag director heubach earli repres heubach invit waardal london inform meet talk zinc phosphat invit made behalf britannia cartel oper march establish documentari evid declar waardal statement trident multilater meet zinc phosphat produc held latest march regular meet held repres britannia trident march heubach jame brown sncz waardal march confirm undertak concern respect repli commiss request inform statement sixteen multilater cartel meet identifi commiss waardal inform exchang limit europ quot club quot concern american market rest world club influenc due local competit context content meet trident state essenti format meet last hour hour half involv comparison particip west european market share quarter annual meet year refer histor market share discuss price level gbp market unit kingdom dem germani german price convert local currenc european countri discuss suppli tekno gener discuss market import entrant compet product dicalcium phosphat market share compani agre assign meet august subsequ meet particip reveal west european market share compar figur initi agre annual west european market share particip discuss meet year januari februari price level discuss meet price tonn set gbp market unit kingdom dem german market initi meet local currenc price territori set dem price convert local currenc european territori refer price discuss applic quantiti tonn repres price quot deliv custom quot includ freight cost meet discuss limit quot chang quot trident state intern price list reflect price discuss meet trident discuss vari year relat price view price level import long market share vari trident state view origin put forward repres jame brown contradict particip trident believ chang attitud happen waardal declar year year quot result quot cartel turn coher price nordic countri price scandinavian countri lower quot recommend quot price quot recommend quot price price model german market standard quot recommend quot price remain countri notion quot recommend quot price aim prevent risk major shift product nation border implicit agreement price broadli line german price trident declar meet regular discuss share finnish custom tekno agre produc share account price quot custom agre agre produc turn busi quot price agre trident statement arrang aros histor tekno waardal main custom scandinavia sensit lose custom britannia order avoid price war tekno agre britannia heubach sncz waardal turn suppli custom supplier period discuss meet waardal give part slightli account share tekno initi particip share custom suspect compani collus waardal state meet quot heubach britannia sncz admit share tekno suppli tekno subject regular discuss meet attend waardal quot waardal submit particip exception tekno arrang state quot decid unilater waardal deliv contain tekno order make tekno suspici arrang quot statement event consist trident quot compani awar tekno suspici collus respect regular rotat put place cartel particip compani flexibl system stage sncz tekno design supplier time success quot period type cartel meet quot full group inform meet quot produc quot ad hoc meet quot cartel member regularli met law auspic quot technic cefic meet quot market share price fix custom alloc agreement conclud quot full group inform meet quot full group cartel meet year foundat market share price fix custom alloc agreement set zinc phosphat produc meet cartel refer cartel particip club place march london holidai inn heathrow airport hotel repres britannia heubach jame brown sncz waardal attend meet reason organis meet low price nordic countri unit kingdom start felt europ due increas internationalis price purchas polici discuss decid fix quot statu quo quot quantiti zinc phosphat suppli europ waardal cartel base principl quot quantiti price quot decid price countri product shift border handwritten note meet put evid nation quot recommend quot price wide monitor system decid send figur cefic aggreg sale data send back figur refer share agre basi figur germani unit kingdom scandinavia franc report april written repres waardal visit waardal client april show contact produc refer gener suspicion price cooper zinc produc quot repli direct question offer deliv answer due higher freight compar accept stress main supplier zp provid competit due gener suspicion zinc produc agre price cooper final mention purpos plai supplier show data outprint competitor offer oral convers alloi brown mention offer correct quot meet place london hotel excelsior heathrow airport repres britannia heubach jame brown sncz waardal attend meet final agreement send sale figur cefic reach latest meet dai repres britannia fax cefic confirm accept produc cefic quotat give name contact detail produc cefic send questionnair year annual monthli letter address repres britannia heubach jame brown sncz waardal cefic refer creation zinc phosphat statist group frame cefic sector group ask quot histor statist quot provid june june cefic remind waardal provid inform request year month januari produc respect figur cefic instanc waardal fax june sncz letter june letter juli address repres britannia heubach jame brown sncz waardal titl quot statist histor investig quot confirm cefic produc analysi total market size year zinc phosphat produc end june respect market share cartel member alloc meet held august london hotel ramada heathrow airport repres britannia heubach jame brown sncz waardal attend meet contemporan note repres britannia repres waardal note ramada hotel paper show tabl undertak market share year market share round alloc market share heubach britannia sncz waardal jame brown similar document strike extract origin document handwritten note britannia repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt britannia repres express view meet august compani satisfi exist market share market share consist number year long share substanti alter aggress price cut earlier year trident view accept particip meet result undertak agre histor european market share level benchmark futur market posit cartel meet held novemb london novotel heathrow airport hotel attend repres britannia heubach jame brown sncz waardal begin quot trilater quot meet held januari manchest airport fort crest hotel unit kingdom repres jame brown britannia waardal attend meet jame brown arrang meet attempt broker relat britannia waardal jame brown attempt broker arrang waardal agre stop target custom unit kingdom low price intern paint britannia alloi restrict activ scandinavia respect norwegian custom jotun trident agreement reach waardal confirm meet content failur find agreement sought waardal add result quot lost jotun biggest custom britannia alloi quot quot full group quot cartel meet place london novotel heathrow airport hotel march waardal charg organis repres britannia heubach waardal part meet waardal repres jame brown sncz attend meet jame brown state repres present meet sncz repres attend meet agenda cartel meet found sncz premis commiss investig document scribbl indic presenc person made meet document discuss conclud sncz repres meet agenda meet read quot agenda meet total sale market share west europa sale competit price develop germani franc benelux uk nordic countri usa rest world develop st quarter prospect rest product phosphat australia larvik capac question answer summari date meet quot note date march found waardal address higher manag compani account meet reveal waardal claim increas alloc market share note quot meet discuss larger market share compani quot quot quot quot mean cartel member waardal appar plan make request quot full member alloc client quot contribut reduc activ ton ton word refer possibl sell market share finland market share total market full member cartel alloc custom request increas market share oppos particip rest propos commun meet meet neg attitud compani gave waardal addit reason cheat waardal meet march explicitli admit heubach britannia sncz share finnish custom tekno supplier deliv turn quantiti quarter year note waardal repres march report quot market share low alloi heubach sncz remain jame brown competitor manufactur zno intern cooper club share custom market cost admit cooper place finland reason quot note march evalu advantag quot obtain higher price st quarter quot disadvantag quot illeg larg neg consequ discov quot member cartel resent vi vi produc led waardal temporari withdraw cartel april waardal announc cefic longer commun sale figur cefic inform zinc phosphat produc waardal decis provid sale figur sncz fax cefic june state inform cefic posit continu send statist june dai date cartel meet held documentari evid show continu send inform cefic trident cartel meet held london june hotel heathrow airport repres particip commiss evid repres waardal london hotel novotel heathrow june note employe waardal wrote diari repres heubach present meet waardal confirm repli statement object part meet repres heubach london date waardal add quot attend club meet dai quot documentari evid show waardal final request market figur cefic waardal produc cefic compil figur period run januari june juli onward sale volum provid monthli basi waardal withdraw cartel occur last limit period time admit waardal repli statement object waardal submit quot pull club april waardal obtain order tekno share agreement oper deliv contain tekno week quot cartel meet held london septemb novotel heathrow airport hotel repres waardal britannia heubach jame brown sncz particip meet year cartel meet held januari pari hotel mercur septemb london novotel heathrow airport hotel attend repres britannia heubach sncz waardal jame brown repres meet januari septemb discuss meet normal format includ inter alia disclosur comparison particip individu sale set quot recommend quot price handwritten note found investig folder titl quot cefic quot show calcul zinc phosphat sold waardal conclud total amount zinc phosphat sold europ set total figur zinc phosphat sold produc europ year match cefic statist break volum sold produc state respect market share figur state quot sncz quot quot alloi quot britannia match figur compani cefic year note bottom price european countri date quot quot date meet written bottom page extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt cefic inform compani zipho compil statist need formal establish compani unwil incur addit expens result led possibl compil statist year cartel meet initi plan januari decemb waardal made reserv meet room peopl hotel novotel heathrow meet postpon reserv cancel waardal januari meet final organis februari holidai inn crown plaza london heathrow boardroom book britannia repres britannia heubach jame brown sncz waardal part meet note handwritten holidai inn paper reveal european sale zinc phosphat discuss respect market share compani calcul statement investig repres waardal document written london januari meet produc zinc phosphat figur state quot sncz quot quot ba quot britannia match figur compani cefic year extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt sncz undersold quot alloc quot tekno month sncz price tekno waardal bottom price suggest european countri germani suggest appli immedi dem kg dem kg tonn unit kingdom suggest price gbp tonn franc frf tonn belgium price charg bef immedi bef quarter onward similarli netherland price nlg tonn set increas nlg tonn quarter denmark follow german price suggest price fim finland itl itali price appar suggest norwai price match britannia intern price instruct februari sale zinc phosphat quot kilo quot quot kilo quot instruct price quot minimum price level quot quot reduc prior discuss employe quot refer person attend cartel meet behalf britannia addit matter relat zinc phosphat topic calcium phosphat zinc oxid price discuss handwritten note undat handwritten note repres waardal market share calcul found investig likelihood written meet show comparison actual alloc market share waardal tabl set total sale zinc phosphat calendar month waardal sale show waardal sold tonn market share alloc meet august extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt initi provis quot histor figur quot cefic june zinc phosphat produc regularli data cefic zinc phosphat sale volum januari deadlin set cefic produc send monthli data short return zinc phosphat produc receiv compil data cefic quickli case month produc time inform volum sold market disagr cefic extra cost servic result februari repres heubach send fax britannia jame brown sncz waardal inform heubach decid stop transmit data cefic produc time heubach ask produc view assign statist process task vdmi repres heubach repres vdmi due discuss detail shortli heubach march fax cefic inform continu activ zipho statist sector group basi submit statist data dai copi fax waardal britannia sncz jame brown trident inform cefic fax march continu activ zipho march heubach fax waardal inform address employe vdmi organis market data data quarter begin april task previous fulfil cefic vdmi april april vdmi ask fax produc send figur quarter april april repres vdmi fax trident copi zinc phosphat produc introduc associ explain task cartel meet place april pari hotel novotel roissi charl de gaull airport boardroom book quot silar quot quot sister quot compani sncz silar book room repres waardal roissi charl de gaull airport ibi hotel repres heubach jame brown sncz trident waardal part meet note travel document show waardal repres pari hotel ibi april met repres trident heubach handwritten note repres waardal found investig show sensit sale inform exchang meet figur market share concern sale calendar quarter extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt statement note made investig repres waardal confirm refer meet pari charl de gaull airport hotel novotel april figur quot sncz quot quot trident quot quot heubach quot note correspond number compani vdmi relev quarter compil statist handwritten note repres sncz date march read quot réunion de coordin pari quot juli zinc phosphat produc held meet hotel skandinavia copenhagen repres heubach jame brown sncz trident waardal part meet repres waardal note diari meet juli quot departur copenhagen hotel skandinavia quot juli quot zp meet copenhagen host critic quot handwritten note show sensit sale figur exchang discuss minimum price fix meet row note refer calendar quarter individu sale volum year note quot quot heubach quot quot trident quot sncz quot match figur compani vdmi compil statist extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt note bottom price fix european countri germani franc unit kingdom netherland belgium sweden norwai finland denmark itali price column concern volum tonn extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt price trident intern price instruct juli august instruct price quot minimum price level quot quot reduc prior discuss employe quot refer person trident attend cartel meet note tekno alloc heubach price dem quot tekno heub dem quot cartel meet year held airport hotel gavinchi hamburg octob attend repres heubach jame brown sncz trident waardal waardal repres handwritten note file folder quot hamburg quot handwritten note found investig show sensit sale inform exchang produc note compar zinc phosphat sale figur calendar quarter waardal total figur bottom document compani individu sale volum quarter market share calcul individu sale volum quot trident quot trident quot heub quot heubach quot sncz quot correspond figur compani vdmi compil statist extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt year cartel meet continu held london januari jarvi hotel heathrow airport boardroom book invoic trident jame brown heubach sncz trident waardal attend meet note diari repres waardal januari read quot meet london mondai quot inform repres waardal januari meet quot meet london mondai meet start clock meet room reserv trident quot waardal repres handwritten note file folder quot london quot diari repres sncz januari read quot london coordin quot pocket diari repres heubach read quot london jarvi quot diari read date state quot uk quot inform quantiti zinc phosphat sold europ fourth calendar quarter exchang market share competitor calcul document handwritten jarvi hotel paper calcul market share zinc phosphat appar compar real market share previous agre market share individu sale volum quot trident quot trident quot heubach quot quot sncz quot correspond figur compani vdmi compil statist extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt handwritten document found investig offic repres waardal read extract origin document gt pic file quot en tif quot gt column top left document set aggreg total volum zinc phosphat sold produc calendar quarter total aggreg amount sold hand column tabl set volum sold waardal percentag repres total volum sold tabl show total volum sold produc tonn waardal sold tonn repres total calcul total volum equal conclus quot sold quot calcul made cartel member meet august waardal alloc share market mention present handwritten note refer figur conclud waardal exceed share tonn clear document found investig compani fix bottom zinc phosphat price meet european countri unit kingdom franc sweden norwai finland denmark itali belgium netherland handwritten note found waardal state januari unstabl dem set bottom price extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt trident intern price instruct februari contain price abovement waardal note sale zinc phosphat quot kilo quot quot kilo quot instruct price quot minimum price level quot quot reduc prior discuss employe quot refer employe trident attend cartel meet custom alloc place meet small custom intern paint alloc jame brown refer employe price fix gbp document show quot unit kingdom small custom employe intern quot cartel meet held april pari hotel novotel roissi charl de gaull airport boardroom reserv made silar heubach jame brown sncz trident waardal attend meet handwritten note file folder repres waardal quot pari quot pocket diari repres heubach read april quot pari novotel quot diari usual repres heubach mondai april quot mention heubach employe pari quot handwritten note found investig market share calcul quarter show sensit inform exchang produc extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt individu sale volum quot trident quot trident alloi quot sncz quot match figur compani vdmi compil statist note bottom price fix european countri unit kingdom row germani franc belgium netherland nordic countri itali price column concern volum ton price fix concern small quantiti kilo extract origin document handwritten note waardal repres gt pic file quot en tif quot gt price correspond trident intern price instruct sale zinc phosphat kilo kilo instruct price quot minimum price level quot quot reduc prior discuss employe quot refer employe trident attend cartel meet meet cartel plan juli amsterdam waardal charg organis book meet room schiphol airport hilton hotel commiss esa investig carri reserv cancel legal assess compet arrang set appli territori eea cartel member sale practic member state efta countri parti eea agreement eea agreement provis competit analog treati forc januari decis includ applic rule competit eea agreement articl arrang object arrang appreci affect competit trade member state articl treati applic cartel oper appreci effect trade efta countri parti eea agreement commun articl eea applic agreement practic affect trade member state commiss retain compet appli articl treati hand agreement affect trade efta state efta surveil author esa compet appli eea competit rule articl eea agreement case commiss compet author appli articl treati articl eea agreement basi articl eea agreement cartel appreci effect trade member state commun applic articl ec treati articl eea agreement articl ec treati articl eea agreement articl ec treati articl eea agreement prohibit incompat common market function eea agreement agreement undertak decis associ undertak concert practic affect trade member state trade contract parti object effect prevent restrict distort competit common market territori cover eea agreement directli indirectli fix purchas sell price trade condit limit control product market share market sourc suppli agreement concert practic articl ec treati articl eea agreement prohibit agreement decis associ concert practic agreement exist parti adher common plan limit limit individu commerci conduct determin line mutual action abstent action market made write formal contractu sanction enforc measur requir fact agreement express implicit behaviour parti pvc ii judgment court instanc state quot establish case law agreement mean articl treati suffici undertak express joint intent behav market quot agreement purpos articl treati articl eea agreement requir certainti enforc commerci contract civil law case complex cartel long durat term quot agreement quot properli appli plan term expressli agre implement agre basi mechan pursuanc common purpos articl treati articl eea distinguish quot agreement undertak quot quot concert practic quot quot decis associ undertak quot object notion concert practic bring prohibit articl form coordin undertak reach stage agreement properli call conclud knowingli substitut practic cooper risk competit criteria coordin cooper laid case law court requir elabor actual plan understood light concept inher provis treati eea agreement econom oper determin independ commerci polici intend adopt common market requir independ depriv undertak adapt intellig exist anticip conduct competitor strictli preclud direct indirect contact oper objet effect whereof influenc conduct market actual potenti competitor disclos competitor conduct decid adopt contempl adopt market conduct fall articl ec treati articl eea agreement quot concert practic quot parti subscrib common plan defin action market adopt adher collus devic facilit coordin commerci behaviour term articl ec treati articl eea agreement concept concert practic requir concert conduct market result concert causal connect presum subject proof contrari provid parti concern undertak take part concert remain activ market account inform exchang competitor determin conduct market concert occur regular basi long period commiss oblig categoris infring exclus agreement concert practic concept fluid overlap realist make distinct infring present simultan characterist form prohibit conduct consid isol manifest accur artifici analyt subdivid continu common enterpris object discret form infring cartel agreement concert practic time particip agreement concert practic plai role exercis domin role ringlead intern conflict rivalri cheat prevent arrang constitut agreement concert practic purpos articl ec treati articl eea agreement singl common continu object complex cartel properli view singl continu infring time frame exist agreement vari time time mechan adapt strengthen account develop whilst contest fact set statement object heubach contend written repli commiss suffici establish exist agreement mean articl ec treati articl eea agreement heubach commiss demonstr intent behav result restrict independ undertak concern content emphat reject light fact contest heubach addresse decis earli march explicit joint intent cartellis zinc phosphat market act result concret implement year plan elimin competit product market constitut singl continu infring natur infring present case preliminari contact earli produc zinc phosphat britannia jame brown heubach sncz waardal met march london agre basic principl cartelis european market zinc phosphat subsequ met august citi agre detail implement cartel plan subscrib implement period year emploi mechan pursu common purpos elimin competit work plan regular meet give rise discret quot agreement quot constitut implement illeg scheme common design common object produc steadili pursu elimin competit zinc phosphat industri commiss consid conduct question constitut singl continu infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement restrict competit agreement present case object effect restrict competit articl ec treati articl eea agreement expressli mention restrict competit agreement inter alia directli indirectli fix sell price trade condit limit control product market technic develop share market essenti object characterist horizont arrang consider present case price main instrument competit respect homogen product collus arrang mechan adopt produc ultim aim increas price benefit level determin undistort market condit market share price fix natur restrict competit mean articl ec treati articl eea agreement present cartel consid light total circumst princip aspect complex agreement arrang characteris restrict competit alloc market share quota fix price alloc custom princip aspect implement cartel member devis appli report monitor system ensur implement restrict agreement notabl mutual exchang individu sale data adapt individu conduct price order ensur mainten agre quota particip regular meet contact order agre restrict implement modifi requir argument put forward heubach goal cartel systemat achiev cartel particip specif enforc mechan set mutual pressur brought bear respect member cartel consid irrelev cartel member time respect agreement agreement exist court justic confirm case law particip undertak meet anti competit object effect de facto creat strengthen cartel fact undertak act outcom meet reliev respons fact particip cartel publicli distanc agre case present case cartel member enforc monitor respect agreement effect trade member state eea contract parti continu agreement produc appreci effect trade member state eea contract parti western europ tradition import market zinc phosphat sale europ repres worldwid output except jame brown sell product member state european zinc phosphat produc sell virtual countri eea heubach sncz trident export total zinc phosphat turnov waardal import produc zinc phosphat market share west european market signific sale member state commun signific zinc phosphat trade contract parti eea cartel member alloc sale quota result result automat divers trade pattern period consid continu cartel agreement zinc phosphat produc appreci effect trade member state contract parti eea provis competit rule applic austria finland iceland liechtenstein norwai sweden period januari decemb provis eea agreement appli efta member state join eea cartel constitut infring articl eea agreement articl ec treati commiss compet appli provis oper cartel efta state year period fall articl eea agreement access austria finland sweden commun januari articl ec treati applic cartel affect market oper cartel norwai remain infring articl eea agreement practic forego cartel oper austria finland sweden constitut violat eea competit rule month oper cartel march decemb violat commun competit rule januari durat infring indic anti competit contact zinc phosphat produc place initi multilater meet march commiss present case limit assess competit rule applic fine period march date multilater cartel meet date commiss esa investig particip infring britannia march replac trident heubach jame brown sncz waardal march onward establish particip multilater cartel meet respect higher execut includ chairmen gener manag manag director manag case recit march decid fix quot statu quo quot quantiti zinc phosphat suppli europ decid alloc market share agre refer sale figur set monitor system control respect agreement decid decid price countri product shift border final agreement meet futur commiss conclud forego addresse decis enter anti competit agreement march cartel continu simultan commiss esa investig produc present identifi cartel meet april fact cartel meet due place amsterdam juli demonstr infring continu event date investig place waardal contend pull cartel april quot club month quot compani contend consider commiss quot admittedli long waardal conclud cooper start provid sale volum quot waardal submit quot pull club april waardal obtain order tekno share agreement oper deliv contain tekno week quot commiss take view argument put forward waardal respect temporari withdraw suffic conclus waardal infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement period time waardal part meet heubach june date cartel meet exist contest addresse decis whilst true date question correspond period waardal claim pull meet presenc repres waardal date london fact met repres heubach show waardal withdraw cartel event quot withdraw quot waardal occur short durat sole cartel meet allegedli attend waardal june waardal attend preced march subsequ septemb cartel meet mention preced paragraph attend real compani establish result total autonom commerci behaviour knowledg zinc phosphat cartel place bear period commerci decis made waardal commiss conclud waardal particip infring march addresse order identifi addresse decis determin legal entiti respons infring imput principl applic order determin parent compani held respons unlaw conduct subsidiari establish subsidiari quot decid independ conduct market carri materi respect instruct parent compani quot infring articl treati articl eea agreement found commit period time identifi natur legal person respons oper undertak time infring commit answer undertak commit infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement undertak dispos asset vehicl infring withdrew market concern undertak question held respons infring exist undertak acquir asset carri violat articl ec treati articl eea agreement liabil infring apport seller acquir infring asset addresse entir period refer establish infring heubach jame brown sncz waardal particip directli cartel addresse decis march onward trident particip activ cartel addresse decis prior march britannia predecessor trident activ involv cartel oper britannia sold zinc phosphat busi march exist period march march britannia zinc phosphat busi separ legal person compani claim awar anti competit activ zinc phosphat busi britannia held respons infring march march zinc phosphat busi divest acquir trident repli statement object britannia ceas econom trade activ busi asset transfer trident britannia continu exist legal entiti claim mere shell compani function econom entiti britannia accord quot success quot principl appli case pursuant commun case law econom function successor trident held liabl entir period infring addit britannia purport contrari conclus commiss amount unfair unequ treatment oper transfer asset britannia merg newli creat trident legal person britannia disappear pass total liabil trident manag bui structur share sale manag zinc phosphat busi purchas share britannia trident held respons entir period infring trident oppos britannia analysi trident view continu legal exist predecessor britannia conform current case law court liabil infring apport britannia trident basi durat respect involv infring trident submit commiss view basic amount fine set separ regard trident britannia quot unfair meant sum fine higher fine impos singl owner period trident britannia combin alleg infring quot commiss reject argument put forward britannia clear case law court quot econom continu quot test appli exclus case entiti commit infring ceas exist law entiti exist held liabl infring irrespect natur current activ market period activ part infring britannia sharehold benefit illeg behaviour britannia ceas trade march asset bear respons infring commit relev period time fact transfer quot infring asset quot oper lead differ conclus attribut liabil bear conclus argument trident sum fine impos higher singl fine impos singl owner infring reject set amount fine commiss take account period time infring commit undertak distinct undertak commit infring case undertak succeed separ endors respons infring commit fine applic calcul accord normal practic commiss quot split quot fine confer unjustifi advantag manag bui zinc phosphat busi complet trident creat march legal entiti form busi strategi defin manag trident occas decid put end particip busi cartel decis illeg behaviour implicitli made fulli justifi imposit fine britannia trident basi consider set decis address undertak britannia alloi amp chemic limit dr han heubach gmbh amp kg jame brown limit société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa trident alloi limit waardal kjemisk fabrikk remedi articl council regul commiss find infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement requir undertak concern bring infring end accord articl council regul present case particip cartel consider length conceal unlaw conduct virtual documentari trace activ cartel suppress minut record list particip invit maintain particip cartel continu provid trade associ statist inform month commiss carri investig cartel member heubach sncz trident jame brown establish associ market outlook statist discuss circumst commiss state statement object certainti infring ceas particip cartel repli statement object heubach sncz trident claim put end particip cartel investig carri heubach sncz state meet place investig perfectli legitim goal total law notwithstand assert avoid doubt commiss requir undertak decis address bring infring end henceforth refrain agreement concert practic similar object effect articl council regul gener consider articl council regul commiss decis impos undertak fine thousand million euro sum excess thereof exceed turnov preced busi year undertak particip infring intention neglig infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement fix amount fine commiss regard relev circumst graviti durat infring criteria explicitli refer articl regul role plai undertak parti infring assess individu basi commiss reflect fine impos aggrav mitig circumst appli notic imposit reduct fine cartel case quot lenienc notic quot basic amount fine basic amount determin graviti durat infring graviti assess graviti infring commiss account natur actual impact market size relev geograph market natur infring forego present infring consist market share price fix natur violat articl treati eea agreement cartel constitut deliber infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement full knowledg action restrict competit produc combin set secret institutionalis system design restrict competit zinc phosphat market event conclud infring intent undertak awar infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement suffici unawar contest conduct object restrict competit doubtless case zinc phosphat cartel concern cartel arrang involv major oper eea conceiv direct encourag high level particip compani oper benefit particip produc detriment custom repli statement object addresse decis put forward number argument commiss conclud view natur anti competit agreement constitut infring competit rule britannia heubach trident submit commiss consider fact market share quota alloc eea countri countri basi volum alloc form western europ wide quota subdivis countri europ heubach contend onward cartel particip discuss fix price product support assert heubach quot sentenc paragraph commiss statement object read quot handwritten note meet put evid nation recommend price wide quot contemporan document show specif price fix countri countri quot commiss consist handwritten note meet heubach jump conclus price fix start date britannia state part cartel gener aim set european benchmark price refer dem price convert local currenc quot gener aim creat uniform european benchmark price separ nation price quot trident contend quot exact price zinc phosphat rigidli fix quot quot agre price discuss reflect recommend price discuss meet intern price list quot britannia heubach trident submit alloc custom systemat featur cartel agreement practic occur regard custom tekno heubach submit custom share tradit custom waardal accept cartel particip suppli trident submit quot alloc tekno meet aros partli tekno demand low price quot final britannia heubach sncz trident submit quot enforc quot mechan account made easier cartel particip cheat commiss reject content element lead conclus infring natur clear price fix market share cartel natur jeopardis proper function singl market constitut worst infring competit law distinct regard graviti price sale quota fix transnat european basi fix nation basi heubach assert price fix occur onward reject firstli quotat commiss sentenc refer recit mislead commiss state concret illustr price fix practic found contemporan handwritten note cartel meet contradict commiss find discuss price featur cartel agreement earli whilst true initi rational cartel secur price rise complianc alloc market share waardal declar earli cartel meet march quot decid price countri product shift border quot trident statement quot price level discuss meet meet price tonn set sterl market unit kingdom price deutschmark set german market initi meet local currenc price territori set quot fact price agre cartel meet time time subject negoti custom lead conclus infring lesser graviti implement cartel agreement plan artifici rais price level attain normal competit condit inher meet resist custom absenc mechan enforc mitig graviti infring cartel agreement natur quot gentlemen agreement quot cartel particip expect strictli adher market share sophist system put place success trade organis render mutual control member behaviour market fact enforc sale quota sole achiev pressur brought bear member cartel meet draw conclus infring lesser graviti final fact custom alloc happen sporad case singl custom detract conclus cartel agreement question natur evid custom alloc occur sole case tekno mention recit note waardal show alloc custom possibl sell jotun discuss meet refer recit handwritten note cartel meet januari reveal small custom intern paint alloc jame brown commiss consid present infring constitut natur infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement actual impact infring zinc phosphat market eea actual impact market anti competit arrang measur reliabl manner case collus consist inter alia collabor strategi higher price fact number extern factor simultan affect price develop product make extrem difficult draw conclus rel import causal effect event actual impact complex agreement market depend firstli arrang implement implement arrang produc effect market complex agreement implement commiss found actual impact market quantifi detail extent actual impact feasibl regard fact concern greatest extent distinct drawn question implement agreement question actual impact market understand overlap evid reach conclus point implement illeg scheme cartel agreement consid carefulli implement august onward dai market share alloc occas subsequ cartel meet actual sale compani disclos compar quota initi agre meet year occas updat annual western european market share alloc cartel particip price level discuss cartel meet price tonn set local currenc relev territori initi price set countri price dem set germani simpli convert relev currenc trident confirm intern price list reflect price agre latest cartel meet alloc custom implement account finnish compani tekno effect share cartel particip recit parti devis appli detail report monitor system ensur implement quota individu firm level complianc regularli monitor effect infring zinc phosphat market regard preced light effort put particip organis cartel effect practic implement question carefulli implement commiss consid infring commit undertak period cover decis cover eea wide market real impact market arrang specif aim restrict sale quantiti rais price higher restrict sale custom alter normal pattern market behaviour actual impact market britannia trident contend infring limit impact market cartel particip respect market share agreement failur adher agre price put forward britannia heubach sncz trident waardal contend impact market fix price respect competit continu prevail waardal state price war britannia trident stop britannia heubach trident submit set price zinc phosphat larg depend variat price metal zinc raw materi product zinc phosphat raw materi repres sale price strong variat price metal zinc made imposs artifici increas sale margin britannia heubach jame brown sncz trident submit client primarili multin compani enjoi strong bui power allegedli quot cap effect quot price made increas virtual imposs trident submit exchang rate fluctuat hinder control price heubach contend infring impact final consum zinc phosphat repres small ingredi paint final sncz submit potenti substitut product zinc phosphat demonstr infring actual impact argument dismiss fact result sought cartel particip achiev prove implement cartel agreement effect market potenti substitut product zinc phosphat demonstr sncz refer fact custom replac zinc phosphat calcium phosphat support assert concret element sncz acknowledg time calcium develop quot small quantiti quot final inconceiv parti repeatedli agre meet locat world alloc sale quota fix price alloc custom long period regard inter alia risk involv perceiv cartel limit impact zinc phosphat market size relev geograph market cartel cover eea part influenc collus purpos calcul graviti commiss consid entireti eea affect cartel conclus commiss graviti infring take account natur behaviour scrutini actual impact zinc phosphat market fact cover common market creation eea commiss consid undertak concern decis commit infring articl ec treati articl eea agreement britannia heubach sncz trident waardal contend repli product market small size annual approxim eur million annual britannia submit respect infring consid commiss underlin clear distinct made question size product market actual impact infring product market practic commiss size product market relev factor assess graviti prejudic natur infring commiss case consider limit size product market differenti treatment infring constitut infring commiss appli differenti treatment undertak order account effect econom capac offend signific damag competit set fine level ensur suffici deterr effect circumst case involv undertak set basic amount fine account specif weight real impact offend conduct undertak competit purpos undertak divid categori rel import market concern basi compar rel import undertak market concern commiss consid present case eea wide product turnov comparison made basi eea wide product turnov year infring clear tabl recit inform commiss britannia march trident march onward heubach sncz waardal major produc zinc phosphat eea similar market share categori jame brown significantli lower market share eea market categori basi forego start point fine result criterion rel import market concern categori britannia heubach sncz trident waardal eur million jame brown eur durat infring mention recit commiss consid heubach jame brown sncz waardal infring articl treati articl eea agreement march commit infring medium durat year month start amount fine determin graviti increas compani britannia infring articl treati articl eea agreement march march commit infring medium durat year eleven month start amount fine determin graviti increas trident infring articl treati articl eea agreement march commit infring medium durat year month start amount fine determin graviti increas conclus basic amount commiss set basic amount fine britannia eur million heubach eur million jame brown eur million sncz eur million trident eur million waardal eur million aggrav circumst role leader instig infring commiss possess element indic addresse decis initi launch cartel mention recit appear earli pasminco europ isc alloi predecessor britannia suggest set anti competit price arrang zinc phosphat market recit pasminco europ isc alloi initi meet octob aim end price war bring order market hand written report meet end employe waardal confess chairman snz quot voluntari reduct produc quantiti opinion obtain stabil market price quot document report chairman sncz quot initi meet produc quot waardal contend part contact manag director heubach earli invit repres waardal london inform meet cartel meet march talk zinc phosphat waardal mention quot invit made behalf britannia quot light commiss consid cartel joint initi competitor zinc phosphat sector specif ringlead identifi attenu circumst exclus passiv quot follow leader quot role infring jame brown submit quot posit minor produc approach pressuris join trade associ quot commiss bear mind quot obviou repercuss quot jame brown provid commiss evid show subject pressur coercion cartel particip commiss likewis reason jame brown plai passiv quot follow leader quot role infring jame brown particip vast major cartel meet identifi part directli activ infring januari jame brown organis meet manchest britannia waardal attempt broker relat firm conflict cartel meet recit repres jame brown persuad waardal stop target custom unit kingdom low price whilst britannia restrict activ scandinavia contest jame brown commiss conclud jame brown posit benefit reduct fine respect allegedli pure passiv quot follow leader quot role cartel implement practic offend agreement mention recit britannia heubach sncz trident waardal claim fulli implement cartel agreement respect minimum price set allegedli rare compli sncz claim quot margin manoeuvr quot cartel declar purpos underestim approxim sale figur report trade associ trident declar part start activ march complet manag bui develop strategi increas sale restrain cartel agreement discuss hypothesi parti cartel charg minimum price agre consid commiss attenu circumst inher cartel particip fulli trust assum sake argument compani sold recommend price simpli illustr willing maximis individu gain obtain unlaw agreement fact sncz report quot fals quot figur trade associ charg collect sale data trident feel constrain longer agreement march consid mitig factor court instanc underlin cascad judgment quot undertak collud competitor independ polici market simpli exploit cartel benefit quot attenu circumst trident submit made signific profit involv cartel constitut mitig circumst commiss gener benefit cartel econom disadvantag suffer due particip cartel constitut attenu circumst fix fine argument trident dismiss britannia trident submit adopt antitrust law complianc programm account attenu circumst commiss welcom fact compani set antitrust law complianc polici prevent tool releas commiss duti punish infring competit rule britannia trident commit past heubach submit zinc phosphat damag human health environ properli handl zinc phosphat produc compli regard numer law state lead frequent legitim contact competitor market consequ quot step unlaw contact easili made quot commiss vigor dismiss argument fact industri duti compli legisl handl product exoner compani oper market oblig compli strictli exist rule competit trident final particip infring march particip insignific impact cartel market commiss reject argument firstli period question trident activ involv cartel particip cartel meet full member durat infring duli account commiss calcul fine case constru constitut mitig circumst specif econom context heubach sncz trident submit commiss account determin fine impos poor econom context infring place heubach submit zinc phosphat market matur market critic situat produc confront cheap import asia ceec australia heubach trident sncz strong fluctuat price zinc metal combin bui power multin custom render situat critic calcium phosphat increasingli compet zinc phosphat substitut product heubach trident conclud heubach submit commiss account decis ecsc alloi surcharg commiss accept view matur market strong depend price zinc metal bui power enjoi custom econom context infring place difficult commiss take view element overestim firstli waardal declar import countri limit notabl due cost freight qualiti product significantli lower fluctuat zinc metal period infring necessarili constitut relev argument strong increas price zinc metal occur cartel forc onward argument relat bad econom context dismiss specif characterist undertak question addresse decis submit small compani account commiss set fine commiss reject argument fact addresse decis small medium enterpris exempt strict duti compli competit rule set cartel circumst consid legitim compens difficulti busi custom enjoi strong purchas power conclus amount fine prior applic commiss notic imposit reduct fine cartel case lenienc notic commiss set amount fine prior applic lenienc notic britannia eur million heubach eur million jame brown eur million sncz eur million trident eur million waardal eur million final amount calcul method case exce worldwid turnov addresse laid articl regul fine set order exce permiss limit britannia eur million heubach eur million jame brown eur million sncz eur million trident eur million waardal eur applic lenienc notic addresse decis cooper commiss stage investig infring purpos receiv favour treatment set lenienc notic order meet legitim expect undertak concern imposit reduct fine basi cooper commiss examin section parti concern satisfi condit set notic opportun file applic lenienc notic britannia jame brown submit inform proceed receiv statement object regard claim put posit file applic lenienc notic argument dismiss fact addresse decis subject spot investig receiv request inform commiss confer advantag hinder britannia jame brown defenc inspect request inform investigatori step meant specif vehicl exercis undertak defenc britannia contend awar infring peopl involv infring time britannia particip cartel transfer trident result manag bui argument equal dismiss britannia rightli point repli statement object object lenienc notic encourag enterpris involv cartel activ forward cooper voluntari basi argument undertak longer awar infring exempt respons whilst activ cartel britannia opportun file applic lenienc notic imposit fine substanti reduct amount section investig carri pursuant articl regul commiss esa collect suffici inform establish evid zinc phosphat cartel addresse decis posit fulfil condit section lenienc notic applic substanti reduct fine section mention commiss collect decis evid cartel exist undertak file applic lenienc notic addresse decis posit fulfil condit section lenienc notic section lenienc notic applic signific reduct fine section waardal waardal approach commiss juli announc intent cooper fulli commiss lenienc notic meet septemb waardal provid commiss detail oral account cartel activ commiss waardal draft minut meet content final confirm written declar waardal decemb account cartel waardal includ inter alia list cartel meet held allow commiss form clearer idea histori mechan cartel interpret document possess accur explan waardal enabl commiss send cartel particip detail request inform basi commiss conclud waardal fulfil condit set section indent lenienc notic grant waardal reduct fine impos cooper commiss trident receiv request inform commiss date march trident inform commiss letter april intent cooper fulli investig lenienc notic trident provid commiss written statement give detail account cartel number document relev case commiss accept statement document submit trident enabl commiss cross check inform possess clearer pictur factual aspect cartel commiss note trident approach commiss receiv request inform articl regul march reluct forward commiss spontan investigatori measur account commiss take note document provid lenienc notic correspond fact type inform trident request suppli commiss respons request inform march pursuant regul basi commiss conclud trident fulfil condit set section indent lenienc notic grant trident reduct fine impos cooper commiss britannia heubach sncz britannia heubach sncz state written repli statement object substanti contest fact set britannia submit quot trident cooper commiss respect busi oper britannia trident britannia benefit cooper receiv amount reduct fine grant trident quot part trident put forward argument state reduct fine aris cooper extend benefit britannia trident cooper relat britannia period oper zinc phosphat market commiss dismiss argument fact trident submit commiss inform britannia involv cartel creat entitl part britannia benefit reduct fine trident mention britannia opportun file applic lenienc notic time britannia heubach sncz receiv pursuant section indent lenienc notic reduct fine jame brown unclear correspond receiv jame brown contest fact set statement object commiss conclud care read correspond respons jame brown impli compani matter fact contest fact set statement object jame brown receiv pursuant section indent lenienc notic reduct fine conclus applic lenienc notic conclus regard natur cooper light condit set lenienc notic commiss grant addresse decis reduct respect fine waardal reduct trident reduct britannia reduct heubach reduct jame brown reduct sncz reduct abil pai final amount fine impos present proceed conclus fine impos pursuant articl regul britannia alloi amp chemic limit eur million dr han heubach gmbh amp kg eur million jame brown limit eur eur société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa eur million trident alloi limit eur million waardal kjemisk fabrikk eur eur adopt decis articl britannia alloi amp chemic limit dr han heubach gmbh amp kg jame brown société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa trident alloi waardal kjemisk fabrikk infring provis articl treati articl eea agreement particip continu agreement concert practic zinc phosphat sector durat infring case dr han heubach gmbh amp kg jame brown limit société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa waardal kjemisk fabrikk march case britannia alloi amp chemic limit march march case trident alloi limit march articl undertak refer articl immedi bring end infring refer articl refrain repeat act conduct refer articl adopt measur equival object effect articl infring refer articl fine impos britannia alloi chemic limit eur million dr han heubach gmbh amp kg eur million jame brown limit eur société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa eur million trident alloi limit eur million waardal kjemisk fabrikk eur articl fine impos articl paid month date notif decis bank account account european commiss banco bilbao vizcaya argentaria bbva swift code bbvabebb iban code avenu de art kunstlaan brussel expiri period interest automat payabl interest rate appli european central bank main refinanc oper dai month decis adopt percentag point articl decis address britannia alloi amp chemic limit botani road northfleet gravesend kent da bg unit kingdom dr han heubach gmbh amp kg heubachstraß langelsheim germani jame brown limit napier street fenton stoke trent staffordshir st nx unit kingdom société nouvel de couleur zinciqu sa bouchain franc trident alloi limit alloi hous willenhal lane bloxwich walsal west midland ws xw unit kingdom waardal kjemisk fabrikk strandgaten bergen norwai decis enforc pursuant articl treati brussel decemb commiss mario monti member commiss oj oj oj oj dun amp bradstreet comprehens report compani letter trident product quot daili london metal exchang lme exchang rate calcul averag monthli exchang rate april march instanc color hispania spain ic itali report sold hundr tonn respect domest market inspect sncz document cro cefic creat present mission quot provid forum structur discuss supra nation issu affect chemic compani oper europ repres chemic industri posit issu quot zipho meet insp waardal document jr cefic sector group specialis product orient forum present cefic mission zopa quot repres promot defend zinc oxid zinc dust industri nation intern level ensur industri opportun give opinion input compet bodi regulatori matter pertain health safeti environ trade issu zinc oxid zind dust quot draft statut emzp enclos vdmi letter trident document annex ib trident repli request inform inter alia zinc chromat polyphosph borat silic trident statement chemic formula modifi order improv properti product instanc trident statement waardal repli request inform document price collect sncz inter alia document collect inspect inspect document cro cro heubach repli request inform estim calcul figur suppli heubach jame brown sncz trident alloi waardal tonnag figur metric tonn consid year infring subject present decis except case britannia ceas infring march britannia concern year figur full annual basi repli request inform octob includ anti corros decor paint european chemic new april issu statist sourc european council print ink artist colour industri oj trident statement trident statement waardal oral statement minut meet point trident repli request inform heubach repli request inform jame brown repli request inform sncz repli request inform waardal statement waardal oral statement minut meet point inspect waardal biggest deviat document bb jame brown undersold document bb waardal oral statement minut meet point trident statement trident statement inspect waardal document bb translat norwegian inspect waardal document bb translat norwegian trident statement waardal oral statement minut meet point commiss collect evid shown detail sale figur exchang occas trident statement trident statement waardal oral statement minut meet point trident statement waardal oral statement minut meet point waardal oral statement minut meet point trident statement waardal repli statement object waardal oral statement minut meet point waardal repli statement object trident statement footnot waardal oral statement minut meet point instanc inspect waardal document bb bb bb bb waardal oral statement minut meet point inspect waardal document bb initi purchas director intern paint translat norwegian trident repli request inform annex part sncz repli request inform annex question inspect waardal document bb inspect waardal document bb sncz repli annex question inspect waardal document bb footnot trident statement trident statement footnot waardal repli statement object inspect waardal document bb trident repli request inform heubach repli request inform waardal letter jame brown repli request inform inspect sncz document cro inspect waardal document bb idem inspect waardal document bb waardal employe diari idem quot commun quot translat norwegian waardal oral statement minut meet point translat norwegian inspect waardal document bb fax sncz repli request inform annex question monthli meclar sncz repli request inform annex question monthli declar sncz repli request inform annex question monthli declar trident repli request inform waardal oral statement minut meet point inspect waardal document bb translat norwegian document ra document ra waardal repli statement object inspect waardal document bb waardal repli statement object footnot repres waardal london heathrow novotel inspect waardal document ra travel expens mention hotel novotel heathrow diari quot meet novotel quot inspect waardal document bb waardal employe travel expens form hotel mercur januari inspect waardal document ra travel expens form repres heubach pari januari inspect heubach document ef diari repres waardal quot departur london heathrow hotel quot quot meet london quot inspect waardal document bb dai diari repres heubach quot london quot inspect heubach document ef travel expens form confirm person london inspect heubach document ef diari repres waardal quot departur london novotel quot quot london meet quot inspect waardal document bb travel expens form repres waardal hotel novotel unit kingdom document ra diari repres heubach read quot london quot travel expens form presenc london inspect heubach document ef document ef footnot trident statement waardal oral statement minut meet point inspect waardal document bb sncz repli annex question trident repli annex file part document word squar bracket translat norwegian trident statement letter cefic inspect waardal document bb inspect waardal document bb inspect waardal document bb fax heubach cefic sncz repli request inform annex question trident repli request inform annex file document inspect waardal document dbw dbw inspect waardal document bb footnot travel expens repres heubach london inspect heubach document ef inspect waardal document bb sncz repli request inform annex question trident repli request inform annex file part document word squar bracket translat norwegian inspect trident document fwp inspect waardal document bb inspect waardal document bb word squar bracket translat norwegian inspect waardal document bb waardal oral statement minut meet point inspect waardal document jr trident repli request inform annex file document inspect waardal document bb standard form vdmi collect sale data inspect waardal document bb inspect sncz document fpfa document fpfc footnot reimburs claim mention quot representasjon alloi representasjon employe heubach inspect waardal document bb document dbw document dbw document dbw travel expens form repres heubach april quot pari departur return dai inspect heubach document ef document ef inspect waardal document bb inform document bb sncz repli request inform annex question heubach repli request inform annex trident repli request inform annex part document inspect sncz document cro waardal hotel quot scandinavia quot trident quot scandic quot footnot travel expens form repres waardal copenhagen inspect waardal document dbw repres trident denmark juli inspect trident document fwp repres heubach copenhagen inspect heubach document ef repres sncz copenhagen inspect sncz document fpfc appar diari inspect trident document fwp cefic meet copenhagen hotel dan kastrup translat origin norwegian inspect waardal document bb inspect waardal document bb employe waardal state investig written note end juli receiv quot statist quot heubach repli request inform annex trident repli request inform annex part document sncz repli request inform annex question word squar bracket translat norwegian inspect trident document fwp footnot travel expens form repres waardal hamburg hotel reichshof inspect waardal document dbw bi inspect waardal document bb inspect waardal document bb inspect trident document fwp heubach repli request inform annex sncz repli request inform annex question word squar bracket translat norwegian inspect trident document fwp footnot travel document repres waardal london inspect waardal document mh document jr jr repres waardal london inspect waardal document dbw repres trident london inspect trident document fwp repres heubach date dai mission start end inspect heubach document ef translat origin norwegian inspect waardal document bb translat origin norwegian inspect waardal document bb document jr inspect waardal document bb inspect sncz document cro inspect heubach document ef inspect heubach document ef inspect waardal document bb heubach repli request inform annex trident repli request inform annex part document sncz repli request inform annex question word squar bracket translat norwegian inspect waardal document bb employe waardal state investig written document begin januari word bracket translat norwegian recit inspect waardal document bb word squar bracket translat norwegian inspect trident document fwp inspect waardal document bb word bracket translat norwegian footnot travel expens form repres waardal denmark franc netherland invoic hotel novotel date flight ticket hotel invoic prove arriv pari cdg left inspect waardal document mh repres heubach dai mission start end inspect heubach document ef repres trident franc holland inspect trident document fwp inspect waardal document bb inspect heubach document ef inspect heubach document ik inspect waardal document bb trident repli request inform annex part document sncz repli request inform annex question word bracket translat norwegian inspect trident document fwp inspect waardal document jr document bb ident document reserv meet room hilton schiphol person reserv waardal waardal oral statement minut meet point form cefic collect sale data final act agreement european econom area oj pursuant articl eea agreement prejudic compet ec commiss trade ec member state affect esa compet case turnov undertak concern territori efta state equal turnov territori eea quot effect trade member state eea contract parti quot case law court justic court instanc relat interpret articl treati appli equal articl eea agreement join case limburgs vinyl maatschappij nv commiss ecr ii paragraph case imperi chemic industri commiss ecr join case suiker uni commiss ecr judgment case commiss anic partecipazioni spa ecr judgment case hül ac commiss ecr paragraph judgment case hercul commiss ecr ii paragraph case tréfileurop commiss ecr ii paragraph inter alia case sarrió commiss ecr ii paragraph judgment upheld ecj case sarrió commiss ecr paragraph major export countri eea instanc repli waardal request inform waardal repli statement object waardal repli statement object waardal repli statement object case imperi chemic industri ecr paragraph case basf commiss polypropylen ecr ii judgment upheld ecj case commiss anic partecipazioni spa ecr case sca hold commiss ecr ii judgment upheld ecj case sca hold commiss report commiss decis pvc case decemb case iv oj paragraph trident repli statement object oj articl council regul ec arrang implement agreement european econom area quot commun rule give effect principl set articl articl ec treati appli mutati mutandi quot oj idem oj join case lvm commiss ecr ii paragraph case ferrier nord commiss ecr ii paragraph case miller ecr paragraph case belasco ecr paragraph britannia repli statement object trident repli statement object trident repli statement object waardal oral statement minut meet paragraph trident statement sncz repli statement object translat french inspect waardal document bb idem waardal oral statement minut meet point letter jame brown novemb sncz repli statement object translat french case cascad sa commiss ecr ii paragraph heubach repli statement object translat german central east european countri oj waardal oral statement minut meet point purpos calcul upper limit applic fine britannia commiss account global tunov busi year end june figur reflect entir year normal econom activ britannia repli statement object trident repli statement object