commiss decis june declar concentr incompat common market eea agreement case comp mci worldcom sprint notifi document number english text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak amend regul ec articl thereof regard commiss decis februari initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss regard opinion advisori committe concentr januari commiss receiv notif propos concentr pursuant articl regul eec mci worldcom mci worldcom merg mean articl regul sprint corpor sprint exchang share parti mci worldcom sprint global commun compani mci worldcom wide rang telecommun servic busi consum includ facil base local long distanc intern freephon call card debit card internet servic sprint usa local long distanc wireless commun internet servic sprint activ europ sprint withdraw particip global joint ventur deutsch telekom franc telecom conduct global ii oper concentr octob mci worldcom sprint sign agreement plan merger sprint stock exchang mci worldcom stock sprint merg mci worldcom lose separ corpor exist mci worldcom continu surviv corpor propos concentr full legal merger mean articl regul eec amend iii commun dimens undertak concern combin aggreg worldwid turnov eur billion mci world sprint commun wide turnov excess eur million achiev third aggreg commun wide turnov member state notifi parti contest commun dimens transact letter octob octob respons statement object parti sprint share global turnov includ turnov calcul comput sprint turnov accord articl merger regul appli articl merger regul transact case notifi dai signatur bind merger agreement calcul turnov determin commun dimens made time factual circumst sign merger agreement latest time duti notifi aros turnov attach activ exclud notifi agreement commit irrevoc condit preced dispos activ activ divest close account signatur final merger agreement exit sprint global effect time sign merger agreement condit preced notifi concentr notifi oper commun dimens iv procedur procedur issu februari notifi parti submit pursuant articl merger regul undertak sprint endeavour complet undu delai withdraw global joint ventur meantim sprint particip respect manag dai dai oper global parti argu sprint withdraw global significantli reduc competit overlap intern carrier servic market global corpor telecommun servic multin corpor mnc market parti argu propos commit remov concern compat notifi concentr affect market februari examin notif commiss conclud propos commit suffici remedi competit concern rais propos transact oper fell scope merger regul rais doubt compat common market decid initi proceed pursuant articl merger regul march march commiss address addit request inform parti pursuant articl regul period suppli inform request expir march cet date expiri deadlin set commiss parti provid full respons request decis march commiss requir mci worldcom sprint suppli outstand inform complet investig march cet march parti provid outstand inform effect applic articl implement regul set back final deadlin commiss adopt articl decis juli juli respons statement object parti contest date march argu provid request inform electron mail fridai march repres letter date electron copi repli articl decis complet articl respons file multipl hard copi march date adopt present decis conclud correct file date commiss statement object notifi parti parti repli oral hear held request parti june parti inform commiss intent withdraw formal notif longer propos implement propos merger form present notif amount formal withdraw merger agreement sign octob object notif addit parti left open possibl implement propos merger form notif reason commiss accept notic formal withdraw transact cooper unit state depart justic mci worldcom sprint merger propos notifi inter alia antitrust divis unit state depart justic doj parti grant waiver order enabl doj commiss exchang inform document suppli parti agenc firm respond parallel enquiri doj commiss prepar agenc exchang inform suppli submiss investig analysi merger propos consider degre cooper agenc involv preliminari exchang view analyt framework coordin request inform attend doj observ oral hear commiss offici quot pitch meet quot doj joint meet notifi parti director gener competit letter unit state assist attornei gener request cooper doj evalu impact merger long distanc market consequ intern telephoni field competit assess internet background internet interconnect quot network network quot carri bit data comput thousand interconnect network approxim network provid internet connect oper long distanc transmiss network form global internet intern quot backbon quot hand oper network connect multipl countri region estim largest internet connect provid control cent intern internet bandwidth top tier provid number internet connect provid oper region level europ usa asia increas number nation provid addit academ research network oper intern connect provid region basi access internet end user inter alia internet servic provid isp provid internet access relat servic telecommun data commun compani compani busi give internet access mean sell product larger internet connect provid provid underli connect isp content provid web site network provid end user residenti custom corpor government institut univers user demand univers connect internet connect provid interconnect part internet interconnect internet connect network provid obtain connect mean transit arrang provid access global internet peer arrang provid exchang point roughli compar amount traffic termin network roughli equival geograph coverag transit transit commerci servic grant access internet fee transit form dedic access dedic line network provid larg custom retail dial access consum residenti busi custom wholesal dial access internet servic provid peer peer involv agreement network accept traffic custom termin respect network peer turn categoris quot public quot quot privat quot refer quot direct quot peer public peer occur establish public interconnect point number internet connect provid agre exchang traffic singl locat refer network access point quot nap quot privat peer occur larg internet connect provid design point suitabl network histor basi peer develop network roughli equival size agre exchang traffic peer point nap creat privatis internet govern nap own oper commerci entiti mci worldcom sprint commercialis internet meant nap congest transit fulli commerci market nap continu congest tier provid high capac interconnect respons congest nap larger network exchang signific traffic nap shift direct peer agreement establish interconnect point conveni network continu prefer practic larger network typic larger network privat peer point legaci public peer smaller network public peer import privat peer shown requir larg corpor client privat peer point larg busi custom issu request propos rfp global telecommun servic insist internet connect provid bid busi volum privat peer number point size interconnect tier internet connect provid requir add reliabl top level connect provid incent peer privat free carrier network similar size traffic volum geograph reach qualiti top level network retain revenu subscrib make payment network provid traffic symmetr arrang benefit parti equal geograph balanc bring pariti term cost network internet network provid econom incent deliv traffic peer shortest point interconnect limit network cost mean top level connect provid incent peer traffic volum equival geograph coverag traffic asymmetr benefici larger provid charg interconnect differ peer transit transit differ peer respect parti receiv transit servic obtain global dedic connect abil send traffic receiv traffic rout provid provid peer virtual internet access custom transit provid transit provid commerci servic fee includ technic custom servic support rel infrastructur cost network alloc differ peer case peer parti bear share infrastructur cost case transit transit provid bear fix infrastructur cost provid connect custom pai servic peer essenti barter arrang internet connect provid provid peer fee arrang term traffic mean side roughli size network swap benefit custom base balanc interest network peer relationship impos parti choos rout resort peer receiv traffic peer peer peer arrang hand traffic peer peer order transmit traffic peer bui transit internet connect provid peer econom transit long peer agreement enter hierarch natur internet implicit parti busi strategi econom purchas transit reli peer commiss investig show parti transact pai connect hand paid provid connect addit direct connect traffic pass addit hop intermedi stage transit qualiti servic decreas lead notabl increas latenc take longer transport traffic increas likelihood packet loss direct peer relationship peer minimis qualiti servic issu mci worldcom internet divis uunet requir servic level agreement sla provid averag monthli latenc millisecond roundtrip uunet network north america millisecond york uunet intern gatewai hub london import hop qualiti servic contest notifi parti repli statement object posit contradict parti statement oral hear recit intranet extranet intranet privat network limit compani organis consist interlink local area network lan leas line wide area network intranet includ connect gatewai comput internet main purpos intranet share compani inform comput resourc employe intranet facilit work group teleconfer intranet privat version internet allow compani organis send privat messag public network public network special encrypt decrypt secur safeguard connect part intranet larger compani organis user intranet access public internet firewal servic abil screen traffic direct compani secur maintain part intranet extend custom partner supplier compani part extranet extranet requir firewal server manag issu user authent encrypt messag virtual privat network vpn tunnel public network extranet exchang larg volum data share product catalogu provid access servic provid compani organis group compani onlin bank applic manag compani behalf affili bank web host data centr web host provid offer web host centr data centr featur access control build server monitor central web host oper centr data centr special built hous internet server equip custom data centr connect data centr web host ensur connect internet server directli connect internet backbon web host websit ensur data secur equip safe access websit fast reliabl flexibl expand capac need decreas capac demand lower todai larger internet connect provid offer data centr web host part integr internet servic custom develop coupl year techniqu control content distribut mirror cach develop move content closer end user eyebal addit multihom develop practic internet access provid internet connect provid connect network multihom practic network provid internet access provid connect network refer quot multihom quot multihom network retain connect internet connect disrupt rout traffic destin connect offer servic avoid congest destin qualiti connect matter speed reliabl redund internet access network provid ensur univers access internet multihom commiss investig shown multihom back redund ensur qualiti servic multihom necessarili prevent traffic pass network degrad connect path outbound traffic extent influenc pass degrad network avoid return traffic control signific degre multihom ensur connect region usa europ multihom entrant opportun connect custom multihom network main provid connect provid back custom internet connect provid main connect provid connect largest amount custom back smaller provid confirm commiss investig show major level smaller internet access network provid multihom merg parti cach mirror content deliveri network cdn primari function cach mirror distribut content edg internet closer end user eyebal technolog improv qualiti content deliveri reduc deliveri time network congest bandwidth cost move content closer end user techniqu wide deploi technic limit recit effici static stabl materi chang cach cach oldest techniqu cach creat temporari copi inform web page imag file multimedia file collect refer object resid comput cach host inform origin origin server cach copi entir content websit part websit dynam content order reduc bandwidth load centralis server cach instal network owner administr select locat network cach ordinari pc run publicli softwar highli specialis comput network comput run special softwar design run comput instal network cach intercept request host home network object locat network check object store cach cach determin request object store cach hit cach server deliv store object request host object locat cach miss cach server inform request continu origin server type cach tradit transpar pre fetch cach tradit cach older cach proxi server requir request server configur browser send object request proxi server directli websit question transpar cach unlik tradit cach instal directli network captur object request pass quot transpar quot request host configur browser proxi server awar receiv object cach server ordinarili cach store inform previous request previou user contrast tradit transpar cach quot pre fetch quot object request inform websit pre defin criteria updat inform regular basi cach server quot anticip quot request improv perform cach pre fetch content dynam web page updat daili frequent basi cach provid stand servic network enhanc instal network oper administr improv network transmiss speed qualiti isp purchas instal cach network reason remov bandwidth requir improv deliveri respons time custom consider import cach purchas rank prioriti depend isp cach attract corpor custom content provid enabl content provid count number hit visit site calcul gener advertis revenu mirror mirror basic cach data repeatedli request replic comput serv request comput closer origin content provid object reduc relianc central server serv content effect quickli local viewer cach network manag techniqu network oper instal comput oper special cach softwar order improv network transmiss speed reduc bandwidth requir mirror techniqu content replic geograph dispers server mirror gener offer stand servic case content provid decid locat server network closer end user common content provid small number larg file wish locat closer specif set end user microsoft netscap separ download server enabl european custom download softwar quickli need download file origin server usa commonli mirror offer part packag web host recit colloc servic compani maintain data centr locat world connect multipl internet backbon major internet connect provid provid web host colloc servic mci worldcom announc build larg data centr europ target isp asp applic servic provid larg multin centr ad worldcom exist smaller centr europ mirror provid data centr oper involv placement multipl server hous geograph dispers locat capabl process request provid inform geograph dispers web host provid domain system dn direct request closest server distribut request server balanc load server content deliveri network cdn combin cach mirror techniqu rise advanc form content distribut cdn cdn oper locat cach server similar devic multipl network divers geograph locat cdn custom content provid softwar automat reconfigur custom web page point end user request larg object cdn server closest end user case basi real time network monitor rout algorithm deliv content quickli end user congest slow closest server cdn perform similar function cach isp cach improv abil quot pull quot content network closer isp custom cdn enabl content provid quot push quot content network approach complementari effect usag internet backbon network content provid foremost deliv content end user quickli high growth amount inform carri internet led capac constraint increas respons time websit cdn reduc respons time reduc amount data travers network reli cdn reduc content provid bandwidth equip cost quantiti data content provid cdn servic requir capac requir fewer server content provid longer serv bulk content directli cdn incur portion cost shift back content provid content provid find econom cdn provid content server server locat web host servic data centr addit techniqu internet wit develop servic commerc video onlin voic ip necessit capac requir todai provid real time perform servic transport network present risk failur quot packet loss quot qualiti video voic convers sever affect relev product market top level univers internet connect worldcom mci decis juli worldcom mci commiss identifi distinct market provis host point presenc connect ii provis internet access servic iii provis top level univers connect commiss conclud substanti competit internet access market analysi focus market provis top level univers connect parti transact activ market investig conduct current case confirm purpos transact focu market top level univers connect assess worldcom mci decis commiss defin worldcom mci decis provis top level univers connect separ market found organis capabl deliv complet internet connect account top level internet connect provid top level top tier internet connect provid connect suppli peer agreement top level network intern secondari internet connect provid tier provid deliv peer base connect supplement bought transit found tier isp avoid continu bui transit top level network tier isp provid competit constraint price charg top level network conclus drawn resel conclud relev market mci worldcom activ market provis top level univers internet connect time mci worldcom challeng commiss proposit internet hierarch structur sprint assert time internet hierarch characterist disclaim assert current transact parti alleg internet hierarch commiss investig confirm commiss find worldcom mci decis internet hierarch structur tier top level network provid achiev connect peer agreement top level network intern investig show top level network provid continu reli settlement free peer privat peer point hand smaller level network provid continu reli nation region peer agreement includ mci worldcom european subsidiari obtain nation region european connect order obtain global connect larg european network provid purchas transit top level internet connect provid segment consist region network provid internet access provid purchas connect retail custom custom larg internet connect provid includ websit dedic corpor access custom summari undertak involv provis internet servic purchas transit direct indirect custom top tier connect provid achiev global connect access top level connect provid network parti submiss confirm geograph hierarchi internet mean network treat import mci worldcom region backbon network north america europ asia pacif order obtain peer global connect network provid meet criteria set uunet peer north america sprint internet servic usa sprint agreement peer offer connect network peer offer worldwid network parti argu analysi relev product market account recent develop natur scope internet argu increas demand univers connect increas suppli usa europ liberalis eu telecommun market lead success ongo entri signific internet network provid increas role plai european network provid emerg control content distribut ccd region peer arrang greater mirror cach multi home plai critic role year reduc isp internet content provid relianc base backbon provid investig conduct commiss show signific entri isp retail level europ signific entri top level internet network provid larg top level provid enter market cabl amp wireless bought mci internet busi amp acquisit inter alia ibm global network transact alter level concentr market acquir network belong top tier internet connect provid commiss investig shown chang traffic flow traffic origin europ usa european internet network provid relianc connect provid signific larger european internet network provid send internet traffic origin network usa parti gener agre ratio move degre year due increas nation content trend expect continu strong relianc larg network provid connect european custom requir access world popular websit locat usa extend mirror cach chang signific degre strong increas websit content usa increas techniqu continu strong depend top level connect provid obtain univers global connect event traffic earlier usa direct limit extent mirror europ traffic origin europ continu base network provid affili europ provid implement network europ region result traffic target network chang traffic flow depend top level connect provid continu multi home signific impact traffic flow market investig shown european isp purchas connect tier region european connect provid reli transit top level connect provid obtain univers connect commiss conclud statement object develop internet distinct market provis top level univers internet connect increas cach mirror multi home alter conclus parti respons repli statement object repli parti challeng commiss product market definit hierarch structur market parti secondari peer avoid top level provid order obtain univers connect addit technolog develop alter hierarch natur industri note parti acknowledg joint repli statement object quot econdari peer part default free core internet deliv traffic internet destin reli transit purchas isp quot addit parti view relev product market differ repli sprint take view addit compani ad identifi commiss top level market player sprint disput hierarch order internet mci worldcom continu argu relev market broader market identifi commiss parti submit evid hear decreas qualiti servic gener absenc direct peer connect mci worldcom europ parti alleg secondari peer relationship peer local region connect provid custom top level connect provid exercis competit constraint top level connect provid parti event top level connect provid rais transit price cent secondari peer successfulli effect rout traffic degre increas transit price unprofit variat absenc hierarch structur internet parti argu repli commiss market definit ignor develop unit state appear strong player europ parti fail transit custom top level connect provid sourc obtain univers connect provid substitut connect offer top level supplier tier provid enter larg number peer transit agreement isp reach top level layer thousand isp worldwid task undoubtedli cost effect compar rel increas transit price parti alleg commiss correctli account effect content storag distribut technolog assess relev market parti techniqu stand servic provid partial substitut backbon transport techniqu bring content closer user allow quot traffic quot avoid backbon network state recit assess recit commiss investig shown increas techniqu signific impact structur market traffic top level connect provid addit techniqu complet pass top level connect provid continu unavoid relianc top level connect provid ensur univers connect event techniqu content smaller connect provid larger connect provid capac data centr colloc provid argu parti commiss market definit fail top level connect market substanti competit rel posit kei player identifi worldcom mci decis diminish argument relev issu defin relev market relat assess level competit market contrari parti view signific entri market worldcom mci decis commiss consid relev market consist top level connect provid market player peer main provid current procedur commiss consid top level provid select combin peer notifi parti view parti set market particip identifi current procedur identifi basi gener criteria worldcom mci proceed event amp entri market notabl acquisit exist top level provid signific effect mci worldcom market share mci worldcom market share year stabl depend methodolog calcul market share global telecommun servic global telecommun servic gt telecommun servic link number custom locat gener contin larger number countri gener purchas multin compani mnc presenc countri number contin servic provid enhanc servic provis simpl servic basic voic fax provid custom packag solut includ virtual privat network voic data servic advanc function characterist demand parti explain market investig suppli gt stage procedur stage custom servic issu request propos rfp includ detail descript tailor list supplier invit bid stage submiss bid custom conduct limit negoti small number provid shortlist choos winner detail negoti contract conduct winner custom global telecommun servic demand provid provid tailor seamless network servic custom expect network cover wide rang geograph dispers locat locat remot area oil instal desol region expect provid suffici bandwidth support traffic locat reliabl manner largest supplier servic offer servic network provid locat supplier leas compani network cover area serv seek ensur reliabl network custom requir bundl servic suppli whilst small number bui individu servic specif conduct integr contract divid individu provid bid lot ask main paramet appli select supplier global telecommun servic respond quot yanke group studi suggest price fourth import criterion assess product offer supplier reliabl servic support connect compat infrastructur paramet includ cultur languag time zone bandwidth capac network manag instal delai time global reach staf personnel issu coordin compet custom respond commiss market investig confirm price criterion account decid supplier price consid foremost criteria initi process issu price kei import stage procedur shortlist provid offer compar credibl bidder gt market facil base network traffic ensur high level reliabl qualiti servic provid suffici bandwidth control cost global reach custom support servic custom requir custom servic facil locat close custom locat kei technic consider exist custom base import convinc custom supplier deliv servic effect characterist suppli supplier varieti mean meet custom custom purchas basic element global telecommun packag data network specif applic run network intern servic provid assembl servic purchas distinct supplier creat enhanc servic provid mainten custom support facil intern altern custom purchas tailor packag specialis supplier assembl packag ongo mainten custom support carri supplier possibl supplier offer higher perform guarante lower cost integr natur packag final option suppli complet outsourc custom activ supplier includ transfer staff supplier simpli suppli integr servic packag custom precis servic demand involv combin similar element network data protocol frame relai atm ip servic run protocol import qualit element geograph reach abil ensur qualiti servic seamless close custom support high reliabl similar cost supplier offer featur full rang servic benefit term cost control reliabl total servic packag improv percept supplier ey custom bid process notifi parti provid explan bid process commiss investig custom typic issu request propos rfp potenti supplier circumst issu request inform rfi rfp order awar option offer major supplier rfp long document custom document page long rfp document commun supplier chosen bid contract respons rfp similarli long aim satisfi custom technic requir mci worldcom price initi propos repli rfp set previou experi relat servic suppli geograph reach servic calcul carrier cost fulfil gt contract complex exercis involv take account broad rang factor includ manag market sale support personnel administr equip cost bid receiv supplier match detail requir rfp clarif meet held understand evalu technic aspect bid evalu process team expert month global telecommun provid reach stage bid process potenti custom made short list provid parti explain negoti price potenti custom start number provid select short list rang descript bid market provid notifi parti inform suppli parti bid negoti separ practic good bid team ident oppon phase bid process ident frequent broad indic competit bid made bidder supplier decid contract award detail agreement finalis custom consult part bid procedur prepar rfp run process provis packag global telecommun servic provis packag customis enhanc ad corpor telecommun servic relev product market purpos case notif parti note market definit commiss number decis cover area global telecommun servic mnc recent decis quot bt amp amp ibm bt amp commiss identifi market provis packag customis enhanc ad global corpor telecommun servic hereinaft refer market provis global telecommun servic notif parti agre commiss assess bt amp product market broken narrow product market isol servic includ rang global telecommun servic parti note packag global telecommun servic tailor solut design packag manag individu meet custom commun time servic offer identifi notifi parti belong basket servic includ product market domest intern voic commun domest intern data commun provid varieti platform frame relai atm ip enhanc voic data servic intern freephon number messag servic call centr video audioconferenc servic intra extranet virtual privat network vpn dedic internet access corpor call card commiss investig definit relev product market robust end assess individu line servic isol basket global servic consid separ relev product market step analysi evalu extent provis outsourc provis global telecommun regard actual potenti competit simpli irrelev competit analysi individu servic packag servic custom agre market definit base packag global servic custom believ servic identifi singl product market instanc custom purchas servic separ packag mention recit state purchas servic separ face price rise packag seek verifi relev market definit commiss investig happen price packag gt uniformli increas help predict custom switch product determin product part market state recit custom rank price consider main decid factor choos supplier appli mutati mutandi choic purchas basic servic provis enhanc servic top basic servic purchas servic tailor packag respond price packag increas evalu possibl bui individu servic bundl intern remain respond point expect price increas accept uniform price increas choic requir servic identifi specif line servic separ relev market contrari econom rational function market firstli explain recit servic built similar basic element main supplier suppli side substitut line servic custom establish met number wai involv servic line custom requir addit function servic contract requir servic line relev product market centr central network element data protocol featur gt data protocol fundament element sophist gt servic oper individu servic subdivid group substitut servic group substitut perfect servic rang servic custom appear packag meet market particip offer solut base servic custom requir respond commiss investig gener agre product categoris provid commiss base list telecommun servic provid parti subdivid wai competitor sought analys market narrow addit parti argu servic global softwar defin network manag bandwidth ip servic web host ad ip servic manag ip global messag cach vsat small apertur termin part servic includ product market definit commiss ask view competitor custom product market definit univers agreement scope product includ market differ regard specif element respond believ distinct market top level custom distinguish custom respond characteris market custom concern oper global basi requir basket servic global privat network connect compani site difficult isol specif group compani requir servic offer natur distribut compani site compani densiti network greater countri compani larg distribut network neighbour manufactur facil compani acquisit chang market quickli practic market particip market global telecommun servic gt identifi recit serv narrow set global base compani compani network requir smaller number border set compani local supplier provid part true global player provid global network provis outsourc custom choos provid gt bui element element contain packag gt servic provis constitut part market defin recit note bt amp decis provid strateg choic custom choos purchas packag return provis imposs cost switch back build hous resourc expertis run servic high custom provid concret insourc raw bandwidth countri explicitli reject option europ wide servic insourc scalabl europ wide level global custom explicitli reject possibl convert back hous network special servic similar argument appli outsourc network suppli extern staff oper network work supplier custom return form provis difficult circumst activ consid part relev market conclus commiss investig confirm bt amp market definit correct made precis identif distinct basic data protocol higher ad servic oper protocol relev geograph market top level univers internet connect commiss found worldcom mci decis market provis top level connect global parti disput se acknowledg global demand connect alleg increas region european demand market hierarch state parti repli statement object contrari find commiss procedur commiss market investig confirm demand internet connect continu univers scope increas region content entri number entrant mirror cach level isp remain depend limit number top level network provid global connect major top level network provid emerg centr oper unit state provid provid transit part internet internet hierarch structur rise price access top level network affect consum world effect global market global telecommun servic gt commiss found bt amp decis market provis gt worldwid notif notifi parti agre definit market definit larg confirm parti parti suggest european compani gener turn european provid servic turn base provid price increas list supplier provid custom confirm view global player regard princip supplier gt commiss base analysi global geograph market definit identifi recit bt amp analysi evid investig challeng exist definit assess top level univers internet connect publicli statist market share worldcom mci decis commiss found combin mci worldcom internet activ led creation domin posit market top level connect mci worldcom current internet activ contribut worldcom commiss accept divestitur mci internet busi condit merger mci worldcom clear mci worldcom time commiss decis market leader combin market share region worldcom group mci group sprint time found largest top level network provid market share rang parti argu state commiss worldcom mci decis reliabl publicli estim size internet sector relev subsector consensu prefer unit measur note commiss decis parti argu specif report oblig isp relat internet revenu consist report parti provid accur estim size internet sector measur market internet revenu mci worldcom advoc tool measur market share worldcom mci decis parti easili inaccur traffic flow commiss worldcom mci decis greater shortcom accur measur technic viewpoint lack gener accept measur sprint estim top level network provid market share base revenu mci worldcom amp sprint qwest parti submit number publicli sourc provid estim market share sourc mci worldcom sprint market share estim minimum rang estim relat share base internet servic provid revenu share vendor exclud includ compani aol msn present relev market network provid top level connect lead combin market share region estim independ parti provid parti place merg parti market share mci worldcom sprint merg entiti market share line figur provid respond commiss market investig size merg parti traffic flow link merg entiti global network capac mci worldcom internet divis uunet quot pop unit state bigger ip network planet factor bigger factor ip backbon world quot addit uunet larg modem bank serv wholesal dial custom commiss estim market share market particip equip set peer agreement provid settlement free connect internet identifi market player involv review peer transit connect internet connect provid isol connect custom base peer agreement network qualiti issu rais public interconnect point peer privat network obtain top level connect consult commiss investig mention top level network mci worldcom sprint amp cabl amp wireless gte posit stronger commiss review peer agreement involv kei player determin list candid top level connect provid disclosur peer relationship rais confidenti issu commiss select compani peer mci worldcom sprint determin regard top level provid examin led identifi compani market particip parti propos list top level connect provid measur number rout access network network access directli parti network ad list examin list show discrep list peer mci worldcom sprint network compani featur parti list withdrawn univers market particip includ peer network ad led addit compani exodu digex abovenet epoch analysi led univers network group particip market top level internet connect internet connect provid featur list purchas transit servic top provid failur part network peer main player minimum impli substanti absenc coverag internet number particip true top level network smaller field peer sprint mci worldcom identifi receiv connect public peer arrang enabl provid qualiti connect addit peer peer origin peer peer peer extent complet abil cover entir internet settlement free basi purpos assess assum global peer connect mci worldcom sprint consid desir peer connect assumpt run parti favour widen field market particip market share base traffic flow parti argu traffic flow measur great shortcom traffic flow measur measur traffic pass specif part network specif point time ip rout dynam inform host travel network traffic flow network sourc destin estim total amount traffic aggreg amount serv backbon inevit involv doubl count amount doubl count differ backbon market share base traffic estim mislead parti argu traffic flow estim reflect architectur network involv backbon provid node gener small amount backbon traffic compar node simpli result network architectur emploi node directli rout traffic end user reach node send backbon traffic intend destin reach node count backbon provid market power deriv size network argu market share measur basi traffic flow accur proxi estim market power statist directli traffic volum receiv network quot bottom quot approach adopt order calcul market share base traffic requir identif market particip addit respect measur traffic flow network order obtain size market establish certainti measur traffic flow made consist basi market particip concern altern calcul traffic base market share devis total traffic flow network includ traffic exchang identifi network intern traffic traffic custom exchang network market share calcul traffic ratio necessarili input total internet traffic flow methodolog ratio market share network market share network equal ratio total traffic flow network total traffic flow network term ratio divid total traffic exchang network ratio market share network market share network equal ratio rel share network total traffic flow network rel share network total traffic flow network market share calcul basi rel share network total traffic network rel share calcul network traffic statist gener network avoid add measur network estim market share prevent market share calcul bias differ measur methodolog network data obtain top network deduc rel share network traffic exchang network peer compani own number network purchas transit peer traffic aggreg consid peer traffic assumpt benefici parti case smaller competitor combin rel share traffic exchang network perspect perspect ratio market share network network method appli network network estim ratio market share network network commiss appli approach top network obtain tabl ratio purpos statement object gt tabl gt appli methodolog hypothet market compris mci worldcom sprint cabl amp wireless gte amp correspond relev market defin sprint submiss worldcom mci merger respect market share leav mci worldcom group market sprint bring addit total calcul market share basi univers potenti top level network assumpt made size remain network gener assumpt line revenu figur traffic flow network greater traffic flow top network ratio total traffic flow smallest top top level internet connect provid compar mci worldcom traffic ratio aggreg remain network time basi assum network similar size total traffic flow network equival mci worldcom traffic market share estim give mci worldcom group sprint bring addit competitor combin market share sprint mci worldcom rang lead market share gt tabl gt assum total volum traffic network equal mci worldcom group recit imposs size time size mci worldcom combin market share parti order time bigger network estim market size share base revenu figur basi total internet connect provid fallen definit top level network total size market inform comprehens estim made respect turnov firm accur figur revenu firm concern estim usd million believ consider estim actual revenu market share calcul statement object basi altern method account total internet revenu includ dial dedic access host colloc led market size approxim usd million market share mci worldcom sprint player amp market share market share rang amp psinet revenu link provis internet connect similarli provis dial gener traffic increas custom base market posit method revenu earn provis dedic access revenu advantag method connect provis revenu cover connect provis revenu respond break internet revenu approach exclud revenu earn dial event method includ relev internet revenu addit indic market share case firm dedic access revenu figur figur set level total internet revenu consist ratio revenu total internet revenu notifi parti revenu assum half total internet revenu lead combin market share basi mci worldcom share sprint ad give combin group market nearest competitor market share rang parti repeatedli stress belief revenu figur reliabl indic market share area competitor point danger relianc revenu data figur base revenu basic internet access compani concern oblig report standard disclosur data treat figur caution firm peer main provid claim regard top level network failur peer top substanti shortfal abil provid internet connect purpos undertak sensit analysi market share estim made addit player includ list market particip signific alter figur basi stress extrem conserv combin market share total internet revenu term record notifi parti conclus calcul market share basi market share calcul basi traffic flow revenu merg entiti market share amount base traffic exchang base revenu market share competitor higher cent irrespect methodolog commiss investig show merg entiti market share base revenu time higher closest competitor time market share base traffic result remain robust implaus assumpt combin smaller top level entiti size mci worldcom parti respons respons statement object parti alleg commiss market share estim broad low end rang market share rise competit concern estim commiss parti demonstr mci worldcom lost substanti market share parti question revenu traffic measur case argu method overst market share merg entiti inform commiss time statement object mci worldcom market share base total internet revenu market compris top level connect provid compar market share worldcom fact assumpt commiss current procedur gener parti compar assumpt made worldcom mci decis conclud mci worldcom market share base total internet revenu increas issu statement object parti inform commiss addit usd million ad mci worldcom north american dedic access revenu consequ mci worldcom market share calcul basi dedic access revenu increas initi recit give merg entiti combin market share mci worldcom market share base traffic flow amount compar market share market share base fewer top level provid repli statement object parti alleg commiss made mistak spreadsheet methodolog commiss calcul market share basi traffic flow flaw commiss submit parti backbon cite recit comput made basi inform suppli ask state data reproduc accur believ methodolog commiss sound parti notic cleric error declar data reflect accur measur agreement methodolog commiss calcul market share take account cleric error brought attent notifi parti parti commiss found minim variat half percentag point estim market share impact merger competit current market characterist indic mci worldcom todai strong market posit necessarili translat singl domin posit market top level connect clear mci worldcom close achiev posit mci worldcom uunet substanti market share compar competitor evidenc decis earli attempt attempt ultim fail unilater ceas peer number exist peer merger mci worldcom mci worldcom maintain number posit perceiv competitor close domin confirm fact mci worldcom demand significantli higher price competitor sprint time sustain lead posit purpos transact issu mci worldcom singl domin left open investig shown merger creat domin posit parti contest exist price differenti competitor notabl explain amp charg price similar mci worldcom signific price differenti found comparison extend market particip amp inform provid merg parti show parti traffic intern traffic traffic exchang peer competitor show higher percentag intern traffic largest competitor merg parti exchang traffic merg entiti show merg parti independ competitor competitor relianc merg parti todai signific show merger remov mci worldcom strongest competitor figur underlin import custom base confirm figur provid parti percentag multihom custom strength mci worldcom lesser extent sprint contrast evolut cabl amp wireless network result divest mci internet network intern traffic rel share decreas divestitur market posit degrad reason degrad multipl includ percept market place transfer complet servic offer degrad comparison level intern traffic top level internet connect network underlin exist imbal size depend market particip network sourc lesser extent connect custom depend peer arrang notabl mci worldcom sprint offer univers connect mci worldcom sprint gener acknowledg respond commiss investig merg entiti larg network access largest number host custom kei internet site essenti perform custom demand connect merg entiti network merg entiti largest number custom provid connect greatest part internet argu facil base import abund capac leas firstli contrari mci worldcom predict commiss investig shown cost transit fallen substanti europ year transit cost fallen cost leas infrastructur internet connect carri premium premium greater larger establish network greater number rout order circumv expens leas capac pai transit larger european isp laid circuit usa reduc cost transit purchas transit top level connect provid usa parti alleg larg network guarante qualiti contrari result commiss investig inform submit commiss parti state import privat peer shown requir larg corpor client privat peer point increas reliabl interconnect largest top level connect provid privat peer arrang size network architectur effect reliabl commiss investig shown qualiti servic offer todai uunet servic level agreement sla guarante latenc rate lower competitor addit custom base merg entiti largest network reach countri servic level unrival competitor impact due growth internet internet experienc unpreced growth past year parti rapid growth led signific entri market increas suppli put competit constraint connect provid addit increas multihom content deliveri servic shift traffic top level network smaller network importantli chang traffic flow centric region european due increas network suppli local content part world acknowledg mci worldcom vice chairman john sidgmor connect provid increas capac meet increas demand peopl connect internet faster comput local high speed connect send data backbon network increas multimedia applic add traffic quot uunet demand increas time increas capac cent meet current usag quot acknowledg concern network space handl grow demand contrari alleg parti rapid growth internet traffic hinder merg parti sustain signific market share market provis top level univers connect contrari view merg parti led reduct concentr top level network provid substanti signific entri internet access network provid market investig shown limit number top level univers connect provid due high barrier entri market univers connect obtain settlement free basi network question suffici custom base suffici geograph reach top level network grow internet demand parti match size peer major internet provid enter market small local region access network provid purchas transit univers connect top level provid addit top level connect provid enter market cabl amp wireless amp enter market acquisit exist network cabl amp wireless bought mci internet busi merger mci worldcom amp bought ibm global network ign busi signific market share merg parti parti argu market centric huge increas european content parti identifi signific websit worldwid base websit consist commiss find increas european content strong demand european end custom access websit consequ diminut traffic origin eu traffic origin eu usa clear commiss investig order european internet access network provid provid servic custom contrari parti alleg larger european provid reli transit top level connect provid order provid custom servic commiss investig shown increas multihom distribut content servic real impact market share top level connect provid entrant user techniqu irrespect european base usa purchas connect top level connect provid market characterist post merger merger mci worldcom sprint lead creation top level network provid sheer size behav appreci extent independ competitor custom global scope market impact consum europ consum merger creat super tier provid global internet connect inher strong posit due absolut rel size compar competitor size merg entiti control price competitor custom posit control technic develop combin entiti sustain behaviour due capac disciplin market notabl threat select degrad competitor internet connect offer recit essenti abil determin agre technic develop enabl advanc internet servic recit abil control technic develop network merg entiti enabl provid servic qualiti competitor agre merg entiti duplic increasingli import advanc internet servic order send voic ip video imag internet data transmit compress transmit internet network techniqu packet switch send data effici rout necessarili rout order good qualiti servic import data reassembl correct order desir time agre manner give type data prioriti pass internet inher risk pictur audio sound transmit user comput packet arriv lead delai transmit incomplet form order provid qualiti servic advanc internet servic voic ip video conferenc internet bank reliabl connect import order ensur qualiti servic internet connect provid agre standard protocol guarante qualiti servic pass network agre protocol exist servic merg entiti ideal posit develop standard servic offer network qualiti network competitor agre condit due merg entiti absolut rel size dictat condit futur qualiti standard confirm parti submiss combin mci worldcom sprint traffic stai net network intern traffic top level internet connect provid exchang total traffic combin entiti traffic exchang top level provid repres combin entiti total traffic kei driver traffic internet voic ip live video conferenc advanc commerc solut adequ level qualiti servic obtain network servic travel case qo obtain keep traffic quot net quot singl network end end addit traffic travel peer point inher risk loss quot packag quot delai jeopardis possibl provid servic merg entiti high percentag quot net quot traffic increas incent degrad interconnect reduc incent support cross network qo standard reinforc attract network abil rais price combin size import intern traffic merg entiti increas rel price custom connect parti constrain competitor expos threat select degrad combin entiti uniqu posit control qualiti connect connect competitor custom merg entiti reli limit extent connect competitor compar top level internet connect provid abil disciplin market argu quot global connect quot merg entiti depend competitor achiev merg entiti afford anticompetit behaviour result merger merg entiti posit disciplin market mere threat select degrad connect competitor control actual potenti competitor custom market domin network competitor custom base risk degrad qualiti connect offer degrad peer interfac competitor equal size detriment connect provid network qualiti offer degrad extent connect depend network question respons degrad custom network switch provid imbal size network bigger network depend smaller order sourc connect smaller depend larger degrad greater effect smaller network larger smaller network depend domin network global connect domin smaller degrad small unnotic custom larger network set specif advantag network absolut size extent connect custom larger network connect offer competit degrad network pre merger mci worldcom sprint reach level imbal size internet network compar network put posit degrad profit peer connect competitor merger mci worldcom sprint internet activ creat situat post merger merg entiti network absolut internet traffic remain net rel size time bigger market behav independ peer select degrad connect qualiti peer mere threat degrad merg entiti control technolog develop market price competitor merg entiti decid decreas capac privat peer point main point interconnect top level connect provid increas capac accord demand degrad top level provid custom merg entiti effect target competitor custom parti competitor custom parti intern document custom demand high level qualiti reaction degrad network custom find altern degrad connect provid degrad network multihom move degrad network commiss investig shown multihom back redund ensur global connect commiss investig shown direct access custom improv qualiti servic latenc risk loss quot packag quot merg entiti custom econom incent switch bulk traffic degrad network continu custom merg entiti direct connect direct reach larger custom base argument valid custom degrad top level competitor compar qualiti servic offer merg entiti competitor custom find benefici switch bulk traffic degrad network merg entiti addit mere threat possibl merg entiti degrad competitor network custom degrad network choos merg entiti competitor merg entiti largest network guarante direct access largest number custom substanti multihom degrad movement traffic domin network top level network increas advantag provid top level connect number custom serv end result top level competitor custom merg entiti longer qualifi peer enter extens peer transit polici impos addit burden competitor addit agreement enter time consum costli importantli servic level qualiti connect drop traffic longer directli merg entiti custom pass network contrari parti submiss pass larg number hop affect perform qualiti creat delai latenc increas number hop statement sprint relationship number hop qualiti servic offer contest parti repli parti provid evid contrari parti argument oral hear turn lead degrad network custom find larger network attract degrad network find difficult regain confid lost custom addition merg entiti degrad connect competitor top level connect provid competitor accept settlement charg paid peer transit affect competitor pass charg custom turn custom increas cost connect affect competitor custom react switch connect provid migrat traffic top level network provid cost size merg entiti network proport net custom merg entiti natur choic custom option target competitor limit situat hit degrad decreas capac shown recit select degrad connect competitor merg entiti natur choic larg direct access custom base larger competitor gain target competitor custom custom demand global connect qualiti servic offer reaction custom choos merg entiti competitor reason degrad top level provid possibl retali persuad singl home custom merg entiti switch network multihom enter extens peer transit polici ensur exist custom stai custom wholesal larg corpor custom decid switch traffic merg entiti multihom merg entiti pursu degrad strategi degrad qualiti servic merg entiti competitor concern competitor hurt greater extent custom lose connect larger portion internet merg entiti custom proport term percentag traffic affect strategi higher smaller network merg entiti traffic intern traffic competitor maximum smaller network proportion depend merg entiti merg entiti smaller network addit custom degrad network decid stai degrad network custom greater incent multihom custom merg entiti degrad network provid qualiti global connect degrad network smaller network custom incent multihom larger network merg entiti network guarante good qualiti direct connect largest number custom effect degrad accentu merg entiti custom greater abil substitut net servic content net servic content custom network result merg firm gain custom traffic degrad competitor lose make assumpt custom merg firm degrad network equal multihom respons degrad highli probabl degrad merg firm interest achiev object consolid domin posit substanti multihom degrad movement traffic merg entiti network top level connect provid increas advantag competitor number custom directli connect enhanc merg entiti market power add revenu conclud multihom deterr degrad potenti competit parti argu submiss feder commun commiss merger impact robust competit internet backbon servic provid barrier expans entri neglig merg parti control number entrant start offer internet connect larg increas capac built signific entri top level network market chang ident top player entri qwest level global cross amp chang ownership exist network construct network control alter level concentr market necess match size combin network order candid peer relationship potenti entrant captur larg portion futur growth internet traffic reach threshold order gain custom reli initi merg entiti entrant gain substanti custom base suffici merg entiti engag behaviour potenti competitor actual competitor prevent potenti competitor reach peer statu exercis threat degrad prevent potenti competitor assum top level statu set price transit high prevent build suffici market share due depend smaller network top level merg entiti global connect potenti competitor join forc posit competitor custom afford connect obtain exist top level provid ensur custom move connect provid potenti competitor face problem irrespect european part globe addit potenti entrant compet exist top level connect provid equal activ attract custom top level statu potenti competitor face competit side exist top level connect provid compet merg entiti custom base ensur peer statu merg entiti harm merg entiti incent potenti competitor undermin domin posit custom reaction import connect combin network merg entiti custom retali increas price degrad connect state recit todai mci worldcom custom accept price charg competitor entiti larg direct indirect custom base offer custom servic level guarante latenc guarante state european isp quot unavoid quot switch current top level transit provid purchas transit merg entiti multihom merg entiti requir custom condit purchas servic smaller isp direct relationship merg entiti custom purchas major transit merg parti commiss investig show custom establish direct connect merg entiti larg direct indirect custom base merg entiti decid increas price custom counteract strategi move network counterbal power merg entiti custom act unit evid custom base suffici concentr permit individu custom risk move obtain possibl inferior servic assur suffici number custom step risk degrad connect merg entiti great addit custom connect merg entiti readili migrat smaller network reli indirectli merg entiti obtain full connect parti develop distribut content servic notabl mirror cach increas bargain power custom websit content provid vi vi connect provid parti alleg easili switch provid switch part traffic network aim distribut content servic acceler speed content deliveri custom limit amount traffic exchang internet content provid access end custom difficult understand impact increas servic choic connect provid qualiti matter custom unchang incent select combin network give access unrival portion internet clear commiss investig web content provid prefer work singl provid provid colloc host facil global basi divers data centr simplifi manag bill contract custom merg entiti largest custom base content provid mirror techniqu custom access custom achiev situat competit context multihom merger creat snowbal effect merg entiti competitor captur futur growth custom attract custom direct connect largest network custom base rel unattract competitor offer ow threat disconnect degrad peer merg entiti competitor constantli live result merger provid entiti opportun enlarg market share increas multihom content deliveri servic chang fact increas techniqu exist entrant market incent connect directli indirectli merg entiti ensur global connect increas market power due larg custom base larg network global reach retali actual potenti competitor custom parti respons parti argu repli statement object commiss fail adequ factor market share conclud merg entiti domin parti commiss fail short time deploi internet backbon network enter market sunk cost oper construct internet backbon network custom top level connect provid sophist corpor access market inform accept level degrad innov plai fundament role keep pace increas demand high qualiti servic relev market characteris volatil market share underlin parti repli run contrari submiss made sprint review worldcom mci merger argu combin worldcom mci result entiti degrad peer connect competitor includ sprint due absolut rel size barrier entri explain recit barrier entri identifi relev market high commiss investig shown incumb top level provid captur futur growth mci worldcom due extens network larg custom base traffic flow retain lead posit increas growth market year order entrant challeng posit extens network signific custom base larg custom base traffic flow entrant obtain peer top level connect provid effect parti argu repli statement object peer barrier entri argument base assumpt internet hierarch assumpt contradict sprint commiss find procedur top level connect provid maintain posit ensur continu peer agreement top level network downgrad tier level event acknowledg sprint submiss commiss custom reaction parti argu degrad counter product polici internet provid internet connect servic compet basi provid high qualiti connect degrad strategi harm merg entiti custom degrad network custom extend period time requir implement fulli strategi merg entiti lose market share parti argu degrad easi detect parti argu merg entiti engag select degrad polici affect merg entiti competitor custom strong incent switch merg entiti largest rival offer degrad servic parti argu qualiti merg entiti inferior competitor commiss share analysi state recit merg entiti slow upgrad privat peer point necessarili affect custom signific degre evidenc parti submiss commiss larg custom base combin extens network reach enabl merg entiti maintain qualiti servic custom necessarili leav network increas custom exposur latenc reliabl gener perform issu merg entiti reli margin smaller competitor major sourc connect competitor qualiti servic offer mci worldcom sprint affect signific degre select degrad strategi merg entiti degrad connect largest competitor affect traffic amount traffic largest competitor exchang merg entiti net traffic assum trigger decreas qualiti connect peer translat decreas percentag point servic qualiti provid mci worldcom percentag point smaller competitor addit net traffic combin entiti amount traffic flow backbon mean merg entiti custom access internet space peer connect qualiti servic event immun degrad note notifi parti contest signific net traffic measur commiss view net traffic includ traffic exchang end custom merg parti resel internet connect happen custom mci worldcom sprint alleg resist closer examin matter merg entiti custom access directli internet space peer connect degrad peer relationship affect access internet space rapid growth internet traffic merg entiti implement degrad strategi focus develop network custom upgrad link competitor larg custom base mci worldcom sprint compar merg entiti competitor parti argu easili detect custom exist custom merg entiti custom merg entiti competitor custom inclin choos mci worldcom princip provid connect true larg custom face isp content provid maintain good qualiti connect site custom inform custom react swiftli degrad custom posit inform custom realis benefit directli connect merg entiti larg custom base parti respons argu multihom avoid degrad parti custom easili compens degrad utilis direct connect bypass degrad peer connect state recit multihom necessarili prevent traffic pass network degrad connect path outbound traffic extent influenc pass degrad network avoid return traffic control signific degre custom situat safest option bypass degrad peer point connect directli merg entiti connect smaller connect provid direct connect merg entiti custom base decid multihom connect provid connect secondari agreement merg entiti back princip connect provid mci worldcom sprint parti alleg possibl increas price transit top servic degrad acceler flight custom merg entiti top level connect provid offer qualiti lower price argument parti assum merg entiti appli blindli indiscrimin strategi parti target degrad increas price potenti competitor enter market evidenc commiss investig potenti competitor stai competit provid univers connect obtain connect merg entiti custom potenti competitor purchas transit merg entiti start peer custom obviou peer relationship grant merg entiti altern current custom disciplin threat degrad higher price potenti competitor custom depend merg entiti strategi effect appli target compani signific risk merg entiti market posit word extrem merg entiti uniformli increas price degrad connect disciplin market larg custom base combin larg network enabl connect provid higher qualiti standard smaller network provid custom leav network increas custom exposur latenc reliabl gener perform issu effect innov parti argu repli statement object custom end user possibl bypass degrad peer point technolog cach store techniqu commiss share view true limit extent correct techniqu combat congest latenc techniqu type content traffic pass top level connect provid ensur full connect event techniqu top level connect provid eas traffic congest bring content closer custom parti object merg entiti control technic develop parti individu isp impos standard internet network level innov plai increasingli import role futur develop internet domin player larg custom base set pace innov technolog domin oper provid servic de facto standard custom domin undertak adopt technolog chosen incumb volatil market share parti argu market share volatil section cover market share calcul market share mci worldcom shown remark stabil procedur market share market particip increas amp decreas competitor conclus notifi concentr modifi result entiti absolut market rel time larger closest competitor size enabl merg entiti behav independ competit custom instanc increas price custom impos standard industri abil diminish rival qualiti servic time select degrad make combin entiti disciplin market conclud notifi transact lead creation strengthen domin posit market provis top level univers internet connect global telecommun servic current market characterist paramet competit global telecommun servic provid tailor basi multin compani highli technic natur servic market function typic bid organis custom global telecommun servic provid invit bid credibl bidder candid meet high qualiti requir instanc prove network global reach reliabl support sale technic personnel order correct fault servic provid appear brand qualiti percept kei element competit fact provid signific number global telecommun servic custom kei account appear determin factor custom decid credibl bidder custom confirm price relev stage bid process adequ level qualiti servic ensur market investig shown particip bid costli time resourc intens knowledg past bid histori major asset bid competit high level inform recent market price bid behaviour rival inform make market particip ensur price offer stage accept rang potenti custom refin price negoti stage barrier entri notifi parti barrier entri global telecommun servic market low evid notifi parti parti suggest case cost bid rang thousand dollar usd bid bid year entir process complet requir signific number staff complet bid process supplier particip market lead high sunk cost true global oper parti expect receiv hundr complex request propos year simpler volum frequenc propos cost bid cost entri global telecommun servic market high addit entrant prepar incur sunk cost bid overcom difficulti absenc exist custom base convinc custom credibl contend market includ support sale staff organis experi implement rfp bid parti enter market involv choic construct network base leas line quick build expens roll network enabl cost control futur take longer entri made difficult wai entrant assum reach stage bid process choos enter market quickli unabl match incumb establish network cost reli leas line whilst build network delai entri compani market note equant market particip recent announc intend build network leas fibr custom explain prefer deal facil base provid provid directli control underli cabl control qualiti offer strong compani sprint long build busi merger fail task entrant sprint network brand imag larg custom base greater conclus previou recit show barrier entri player market high contrari assert notifi parti submiss order achiev substanti entri entrant bid substanti number contract expens order win contract compani network place satisfi demand term custom put rfp reach stage bid process network gener extens order meet custom enjoi low cost provis servic entrant fulfil lack bid experi exist market player bid experi enabl entrant extract inform competitor past price cost behaviour compet effect market particip suppli side prior merger main supplier number smaller competitor main supplier concert allianc includ bt amp jointli control subsidiari concert mci worldcom global allianc includ franc télécom deutsch telekom sprint jointli control subsidiari global supplier held substanti portfolio custom particip major request propos issu custom provid sort global telecommun servic smaller player includ cabl amp wireless equant particip bid rare won import bid necessarili provid servic import competit advantag enjoi main player wide particip bid hundr bid year accumul inform cost price demand global telecommun servic bt amp decis commiss found limit number actual potenti competitor gt market includ bt concert amp auc unisourc worldpartn global equant cabl amp wireless potenti local base compani potenti competitor market decis demand side commiss found short list compani gt custom issu rfp bt concert amp auc unisourc worldpartn global equant cabl amp wireless inform provid parti custom bid histori previou year obtain global telecommun servic confirm gener short list supplier bid contract equant mci worldcom bt amp amp global notif parti compani market compar commiss assess bt amp decis made feder commun commiss fcc transact fcc decis quot identifi number firm emerg signific provid gt quot firm includ region bell oper compani rboc quot ew carrier quot qwest ixc level global cross frontier gt acquir esprit telecom colt parti analysi notif concern potenti competit notifi parti challeng list actual competitor set bt amp document provid commiss parti identifi entrant deutsch telekom infonet telecom italia telefónica parti alleg larg number potenti competitor easili enter market contradict submiss commiss investig confirm analysi made bt amp case submiss context bt amp procedur concern product similar present case mci worldcom state document provid commiss investig approv bt amp oper commiss narrowest market definit provid rigor analysi oper failur notifi parti challeng number competitor market signific degre identifi actor market chang year measur effect oper anticip bt amp decis unisourc ceas exist previou form worldpartn allianc appear moribund auc amp unisourc joint ventur part infonet multin compani identifi auc infonet supplier bid addit compani identifi auc infonet competitor bid primarili small medium size enterpris europ true global player born win loss data provid compani market infonet rare appear winner lose bidder contract commiss provid inform commiss examin number entrant market identifi notifi parti set includ region bell oper compani rboc qwest global cross frontier ixc level gt acquir esprit telecom colt commiss note statement object compani except qwest consid recit featur significantli win loss list provid major supplier assess custom repli commiss question compani appear unknown custom comment question mark entri tabl competitor addit intern analysi provid mci worldcom sprint identifi compani except qwest competitor data market consid competitor aggreg quot quot categori analysi final presid ceo yanke group major telecommun consult firm berg ayvazian competitor quot tier competitor qwest level quot mention recit potenti competitor identifi notifi parti qwest convinc actual entrant gt market win loss data provid mci worldcom parti qwest begin regard competitor bid addit identifi parti analysi potenti competitor market qwest joint ventur kpn hold quot signific european long haul fibr asset expertis quot entrant market bt amp decis qwest appear credibl notwithstand evid differ interpret number player market purpos analysi commiss widen view player market assum margin player market assess exert meaning influenc major player market concentr mci worldcom sprint concert allianc major player post merger enjoi domin posit singli submiss commiss procedur mci worldcom sprint provid inform assess player market basi list servic line provid market place gener result gt tabl gt analysi base parti view servic line mci worldcom sprint concert allianc offer full rang servic merger offer similar rang servic good set servic market view notifi parti effect concentr bt amp commiss found market share case rang recit bt amp decis creation singl domin posit presenc substanti competitor concert allianc sprint global mci worldcom lesser extent equant amp found compet equal term joint ventur player found collect exercis competit constraint notifi parti time bid contract custom assur custom bidder present ensur maintain competit request bid custom parti face sophist custom impos condit case custom extend request propos provid time notifi concentr global allianc lost member twofold effect competit inclus sprint mci worldcom group direct competitor global global lose distribut partner presenc unit state break global joint ventur sale asset franc télécom lead similar effect germani causal link notifi concentr withdraw deutsch telekom global import sprint global market posit underlin intern document parti exist potenti custom global show loyalti supplier ask switch state abil global provid coverag usa examin close remaind current contract time renew respons commiss investig exist potenti custom rate global acquisit franc télécom medium rank player mci worldcom concert allianc part caus sudden lack coverag effect notifi concentr result combin sprint custom unit state mci worldcom combin reinforc strong posit gt market notifi parti argu notif procedur exist sprint custom global servic remain global sprint custom bound global network confirm market investig contradict parti analysi futur global gener expect global lose signific proport current custom due merger notabl lack coverag explain recit effect move custom global merg entiti confirm sprint document suppli commiss instanc mnc explain global lack presenc strong global presenc provid good emea europ middl east africa presenc good servic capabl state continu relationship global await develop compani oper result withdraw global effect lead competitor gt market absenc reach expect loss signific proport custom merg entiti subsequ analysi conduct basi whilst global remain market nich player bid limit set contract absenc presenc consequ relianc sprint short term market share analysi document suppli commiss investig sprint provid percept market share usa data servic defin ip frame relai atm total extern market market includ data privat line intern voic toll free busi outbound sprint provid market share market data servic sprint mci worldcom amp qwest remaind aggreg wider group servic sprint market share mci worldcom amp qwest aggreg data provid notifi parti strong posit merg compani hold gt market commiss measur market gt main wai method revenu product contain gt market method analys total sale compani gt market larg telecommun spend compani bt amp addit commiss analys percept compani market custom competitor assumpt tabl calcul method base presenc market larger number compani present bt amp includ compani notifi parti claim notif actual potenti competitor market bt unabl provid data time commiss data ascrib bt base figur bt amp investig figur repres underestim bt market posit assumpt made work favour notifi parti concert allianc global retain market evid suggest global exist custom migrat larg number sprint chang provid potenti custom choos global german presenc establish qwest unabl provid data commiss investig market share excess market share sprint estim final infonet provid data figur auc doubl infonet sale market impli infonet market share qwest repres overestim infonet identifi major competitor sprint analysi mention recit unlik qwest light inform tabl method repres view market favour mci worldcom sprint concert allianc realiti method method involv collect revenu data compani market sale list servic definit global network servic gt tabl gt method commiss collect data compani market order discov revenu compani earn global network servic method bt amp investig involv collect data supplier market sale list compani form top intern telecommun spender worldwid list extract wider list top compani measur compani account telecommun expenditur compani servic method compani list identifi larg multin compani notifi parti ask comment list regard list accept proxi measur market similar analysi contain method carri gt tabl gt data tabl confirm sprint identifi posit notifi parti concert allianc princip player market advanc market actor market share figur confirm win loss analys commiss receiv parti parti bidder compet provid servic top compani percept supplier market share outlin recit reflect past contract won lost bid necessarili futur abil win bid give indic futur market power bid market base custom percept capabl supplier incur cost sustain challeng bid contract order discov percept custom competitor market commiss ask parti rank player gt market grade scale worst number factor factor includ presenc global presenc servic capac facil base brand custom portfolio number respond provid qualit quantit analys confirm quantit analysi strong firm market mci worldcom sprint concert allianc equant cabl amp wireless global player weak market parti provid quantit analysi result obtain gt tabl gt tabl custom competitor gener consist rank compani competitor consist score compani higher custom possibl extens knowledg market largest player market mci worldcom concert allianc score highest custom competitor number compani close term rank global equant lead group note tabl reproduc averag vari rank attribut compani mci worldcom concert allianc score consist high criteria respond tabl player notifi parti claim enter market fact regard meaning player market custom confirm commiss view market drawn wide market analysi conclus market share analysi custom competitor assess outlin statement object conclud player particip high number bid true top multin compon demand result market share absolut rel term consist parti respons statement object parti market share increas result merger minim sprint gt activ result involv global increas market share attribut sprint result merger parti argu increas justifi open proceed merger regul note incumb commiss investig creation strengthen domin posit notifi oper increas market share parti indic look assess market power detain notifi parti statement object found contribut disappear potenti leg competitor relev market creation joint domin posit identifi statement object parti alleg concentr causal connect chang ownership control global decis chang ownership structur global decis sprint merg worldcom continu statement focu small increas market share attribut sprint consequ oper assess commiss commiss accept causal link oper break global recit break global relev assess competit market commiss oblig account fact market make project market develop futur declin global fact chang ownership loss partner sprint parti point bt amp decis market gt found quot substanti competitor quot quot highli competit fast move quot custom quot sophist quot quot power dictat demand quot point number potenti competitor commiss note decis point fcc decis bt amp case octob organis find signific competit issu believ chang market structur commiss identifi statement object place short period time set recit market particip retain commiss includ compani commiss consid market bt amp decis mci worldcom believ constitut market player defunct unisourc bt amp procedur compani parti claim market featur significantli win loss list obtain commiss parti alleg repli commiss underestim degre competit gt market actual competitor argu equant cabl amp wireless remain global competitor market point infonet level teleglob signific player parti argu global remain signific forc market build presenc invest allianc oper retent exist custom captur custom sprint sprint distributor global servic parti custom confirm view global remain signific player sever link sprint parti criticis commiss statement potenti competitor identifi bt amp decis featur significantli win loss list suppli commiss parti potenti competitor featur list actual competitor addit parti point rboc global cross signific potenti competitor parti quot bt amp decis potenti competitor extens repli decis march compani commiss identifi market qwest william gt start featur bid contest suggest role compani identifi potenti competitor bt amp decis credibl thought time final critic parti commiss analysi statement overestim market power combin entiti parti point main alleg defect methodolog global network servic market share measur correspond market definit exagger concert market share point method flaw justif compani sampl wider sampl compani consid repres mnc custom believ market share attribut sprint high statement assum sprint retain custom global servic final argu commiss treat concert allianc singl entiti purpos calcul market share bt amp concert compet contract commiss note compani sampl altern method measur market method base total revenu point sprint market share address recit aggreg concert allianc market share aggreg market share group compani bound joint ventur agreement consist normal competit law analysi note member concert allianc distribut concert product creation dual domin posit absenc singl domin light market share inform recit abil bid extens contract mci worldcom sprint concert allianc expect enjoi singl domin posit compani attempt exercis market power defeat attempt presenc market commiss view statement object compani market posit exercis joint domin gt market criteria parallel behaviour collect domin case commiss appli seri criteria establish likelihood creation reinforc collect domin posit criteria relev product homogen ii market share stabl symmetr iii barrier entri iv symmetri cost demand stagnant inelast vi low level technolog criteria circumst import tool address fundament question relat analysi collect domin case merger regul incent market player engag parallel behaviour easi market player monitor competit behaviour market player disincent market player deviat parallel behaviour demand constrain parallel behaviour summari statement object view criteria global telecommun servic tailor custom sight homogen global telecommun servic assembl basic compon competit supplier custom busi basi custom difficult assess symmetri stabil market share market recent wit shift allianc merger recent concentr past year barrier entri high market particip possess extens infrastructur incur sunk cost due particip bid process basi demand grow materi volum basi number custom global telecommun servic growth smaller demand significantli sensit price qualiti kei driver competit market technolog occur market place affect player similar statement object argu case market motor fuel retail exxon mobil totalfina elf case competit take place price market oper individu price taker instanc relev seri criteria set recit incent coordin case found high market particip purchas motor fuel wholesal market symmetr market share homogen motor fuel full transpar price made easi market player monitor competit behaviour competitor excess refin capac made easi retali cheater low demand price elast scatter natur made difficult demand counter parallel behaviour statement object argu german long distanc ga transmiss market exxon mobil case commiss rais object criteria set seri criteria recit met object base collus price market geograph partit cartelis market market particip except territori held strong market posit market particip similar incent preserv strong home territori market posit addit geograph demarc territori made easi monitor behaviour competitor cross border retali form cross border return case stake market function bid basi provid select essenti instanc bid process abil offer high qualiti tailor made sophist servic provid limit number provid barrier entri high state recit possibl provid network servic proven track record parallel behaviour centr bid process abil offer competit servic compani requir servic case collus place price win bid won bid incent compet lead player tail follow statement object argu implement time consider lessen competit posit global notifi merger result market lead player mci worldcom sprint concert allianc smaller competitor addit sprint market share mci worldcom merg entiti increas market presenc post merger lead market player present similar competit characterist enjoi signific advantag remain competitor clear market share analysi approxim similar portfolio custom amount approxim market market posit statement object argu enjoi similar cost basi term underli infrastructur notifi parti consist argu raw capac market place cost network provis necessarili constrain price charg market place raw capac parti explain network cost provid elabor servic function underli network cost function similar similar input result player enjoi similar network cost addit size network import servic offer enabl entiti benefit scale scope economi smaller competitor mci worldcom sprint concert allianc incur sunk cost build global network provid support servic emploi sale team enter market recit expens long last process year achiev exist player recent exit allianc sprint global reenter market credibl basi categori cost relat telecom equip labour cost statement object argu function exogen market place similar lead player size equip labour cost lower compani compar smaller compani bring competit advantag thirdli merg entiti concert allianc benefit similar rang qualiti servic portfolio provid extent scope main competitor support market share analysi set recit market investig wide rang servic offer larg multin custom wide rang servic mci worldcom sprint concert allianc consist highli rate major servic signific weak fourthli statement object argu merg entiti concert allianc substanti establish brand imag lead gener high percept qualiti reliabl supplier merg entiti concert allianc facil base larg proport world good control qualiti network extens geograph reach consequ smaller competitor good global network perceiv market place quot thin quot network suffici bandwidth satisfi increas custom demand futur technic support sale servic global custom final unlik player market particip major bid merg entiti concert allianc complet inform competitor bid smaller competitor particip bid win loss data obtain commiss mci worldcom sprint concert allianc present major bid procedur instanc win loss bid data receiv bt mci worldcom sprint concert allianc winner signific number total submit bid data receiv amp similarli signific number total bid lost amp includ mci worldcom concert allianc competitor mci worldcom win loss list smaller player appear winner main competitor final shortlist contrari sprint concert allianc appear winner half bid lost mci worldcom win loss data suppli amp vast major strong competitor won bid mci worldcom sprint note mci distribut concert servic part break agreement bt sprint continu distribut global servic serv global contract unit state transit period increas transpar market ident custom natur servic time rfp issu statement object conclud merger bring mci worldcom sprint concert allianc close pariti gt market bid game statement object argu market structur result merger prone tacit coordin mci worldcom sprint concert allianc manner particip bid bid situat situat concern bid renew upgrad telecom offer merg entiti concert allianc incumb provid circumst statement object argu competitor strong incent challeng posit incumb reinforc inher cost advantag incumb switch cost high understand custom nervous consequ chang chang network connect supplier maintain oper network chang instanc custom state case happi supplier differ price perform ratio current provid signific overcom cost migrat provid situat merg entiti concert allianc incumb gt custom servic exist gt custom mci worldcom sprint concert allianc incumb supplier case merg entiti concert allianc incumb supplier contract renew statement object argu incent particip bid process extent put jeopardi posit incumb particip bid process bring benefit oligopolist inform futur bid addit strengthen percept competit bidder simpl presenc limit abil parti contend bid process compet strongli stage price competitor incent incumb behav similar convers situat happen short time frame frequenc bid addit help maintain higher price provid make market place fed price inform put jeopardi similar strategi bid incumb ii custom parti incumb supplier bid merg entiti concert allianc incumb statement object argu entiti equal chanc win bid benefit advantag smaller competitor statement object strategi strategi put offer portfolio tailor servic principl offer word compet primarili price factor stage bid process price strategi price initi rang stage respond rfp price import issu top end rang base inform deriv earlier bid incumb bottom end hand maximum price exclud bidder statement object argu advantag merg entiti concert allianc win bid acquir inform reinforc reput custom leader rais barrier entri expans actual potenti competitor incur sunk cost financ earn pre exist portfolio custom asymmetri inform past bid histori favour mci worldcom sprint concert allianc induc firm sacrific short run profit rais price order build reput aim consist charg higher price long run sustain parallel behaviour incent deviat statement object found mci worldcom sprint concert allianc incent deviat parallel behaviour explain recit situat bid frequent firm independ parallel behaviour expos risk firm undercut final stage bid process lose bid ident winner bid immedi cheat firm reveal cooper firm frequent bid expos retali forego futur extra profit deriv parallel behaviour horizon long suffici number bid leader interact loss futur profit exce gain cheat firm equal chanc particip win bid coordin bt data mention mci worldcom sprint concert allianc particip bid procedur win loss inform inform market suppli top compani clear compani ident incumb supplier larg mnc custom sprint quot account team list incumb provid start entiti nbsp amp mci worldcom incumb provid high number bid list competitor incumb quot easi detect deviat parallel behaviour statement object scenario outlin recit lead supra competit price categori contract price closer market level bid argu higher price sustain custom made awar lower price charg industri statement object found reason servic differenti comparison custom basi price difficult draw basic element cost specif custom custom reli assumpt lead player incent compet incumb explain recit case smaller player afford challeng incumb overcom switch cost custom competit disadvantag due lower inform cost qualiti argu market provis global telecommun servic increas lead incent deviat parallel behaviour statement object dealt issu argument growth translat number custom lower compani global telecommun addit merg entiti concert allianc equal chanc win bid fact compet bid undermin stabil parallel behaviour entrench posit domin oligopolist make difficult smaller player signific custom feed reput smaller competitor entrant challeng parallel behaviour statement object state smaller competitor bid successfulli leader main reason round qualiti main player market rate competitor mci worldcom sprint concert allianc excel global reach reliabl global network ampl bandwidth kei market excel product offer cover older technolog demand continu exist newer technolog potenti entrant reli competitor cost price inform advantag mci worldcom sprint concert allianc cost advantag price inform essenti activ bidder credibl chanc win end bid process market bid cost high bid contract advantag extrem difficult sustain competitor sophist price inform system cost target coupl greater scale scope economi notifi parti concert allianc enjoi final statement object argu larger custom portfolio essenti cost control access relev inform rival cost bid price histori born competitor evalu mci worldcom sprint concert allianc consist high competitor consist match evalu smaller competitor interest price signal lead player launch price war order win custom assum reach stage bid process run high risk oligopolist price competit rate eventu forc smaller player market sustain leader smaller player particip smaller number bid repetit loss deal quickli make unprofit remain market leader target retali smaller competitor compet forcefulli bid incumb entrant seek bid face strength lead player consider compar advantag competitor make major invest network capac point presenc sale team incur cost sunk mci worldcom sprint concert allianc seri bid incumb bid averag variabl cost entrant bid averag total cost potenti bidder effici incumb undercut deter potenti entri statement object found mci worldcom sprint concert allianc renew exist contract competit term statement object argu entri discourag long period time bid take entrant thought prospect win contract length time elaps receiv revenu statement object suggest possibl retali increas presenc mci worldcom sprint concert allianc competitor number market includ market top level internet connect long distanc intern telephoni unit state europ ownership intern cabl capac activ market make disciplin jointli domin compani maintain gt market increas possibl punish market light statement object conclud smaller competitor market entrant prevent parallel behaviour custom challeng parallel behaviour statement object state obviou constraint demand side prevent parallel behaviour argu custom chang supplier reason face number expens choic return provis custom repli expens time consum custom quot compani servic debat purchas quot quot case uniform price increas individu servic forc continu bui servic quot increas sophist servic offer mnc consider time cost complic involv chang supplier combin decreas number effect player market lead reduct influenc custom supplier statement object altern custom chose move mci worldcom sprint concert allianc provid contract smaller inferior provid seek servic integr incur extra cost jeopardis reliabl network add power addit incent custom stick compani parti respons statement object bid process parti point aspect analysi commiss competit bid market faulti bid process stage custom conduct sudden death process win bid chosen rfp receiv stage bid process refer recit parti argu commiss give price import deserv bid process custom import repli parti disagre commiss facil base oper gt market credibl bidder custom demand supplier hand bid process stage tacit coordin remain advantag asymmetri inform greater bid experi lower cost base effect bid structur purchas make implicit explicit select bidder base qualiti creation collect domin parti point main area merger lead collect domin mci worldcom sprint concert allianc outlin recit merger de minimi impact market combin entiti market share mention earlier parti concert allianc consid singl entiti aggreg market share parti argu econom basi concept collect domin post merger gt market notabl parti explain bid market supplier price discrimin custom firm small market share equant cabl amp wireless effect constrain behaviour compani larger market share final legal basi find collect domin respect legal ground collect domin analysi parti quot kali salz judgement commiss find moder growth demand side inelast demand insignific countervail buyer power order find collect domin suppli side highli concentr high market transpar homogen product matur product technolog high entri barrier supplier financi link multi market contact parti alleg statement focus fail prove exist homogen high barrier entri market transpar inelast demand stagnant growth matur product technolog retali addit parti statement overlook kei factor identifi gencor lonrho countervail buyer power parti accus commiss mischaracteris suppli side gt market state commiss accur repres heterogen natur product suppli custom assert commiss analysi cost contradictori supplier cost model parti challeng commiss analysi homogen gt market packag ident tailor custom high barrier entri parti argu brand exist portfolio custom cost bid experi previou bid ownership facil amount high barrier entri gt market parti explain amount inform bidder bid process statement parti argu repli market grow rapidli demand sensit price contrari statement object parti state technolog chang advanc rapidli market custom demand comfort technolog serv parti conclud possibl retali gt market oper cartel final parti assert statement make mention countervail bui power gt custom custom sheer size sophist control inform contract length parti buyer sophist countervail buyer power point presenc consult act behalf custom tendenc compani supplier possibl transfer lower cost case bid process conclus commiss recognis show absenc competit constraint actual competitor equant cabl amp wireless merg parti concert allianc import consequ exist competit constraint demand exercis countervail power parallel behaviour lead player custom foster emerg lead player contract exist smaller competitor kei factor examin prove creation collect domin posit absenc possibl demand counterbal posit oligopolist shown merit argument put forward parti repli commiss decid pursu object relat market provid global telecommun servic intern voic telephoni intern voic telephoni market commiss receiv number critic comment base eu base oper merger lead creation domin posit intern voic telephoni market result parti import posit amp retail wholesal long distanc market commiss assess competit issu rais parti led conclus risk creation strengthen domin posit mean articl merger regul market intern voic telephoni consequ domin domest retail wholesal long distanc market uncertain domin posit creat strengthen consequ domin posit market reason merger parti long distanc market substanti forese effect european commun princip wai european carrier convei telephon call europ european carrier transport phone call agre carrier hand traffic notion point middl atlant half circuit subject commerci negoti financi settlement parti send minut phone call condit sine qua transact place carrier bring equival amount minut european carrier full circuit atlant contract american carrier convei termin phone call territori instanc phone call follow similar rout land side convei long distanc oper local region exchang point call eventu termin local exchang carrier end consum typic purchas local loop telephoni servic local exchang carrier long distanc includ intern servic long distanc oper amp mci worldcom sprint clear leader retail side long distanc market due high recognit brand end consum compani oper own network cover territori number oper network cover materi part simpli resel long distanc convey divers long distanc oper result wholesal long distanc market gener competit propos merger mci worldcom sprint reduc number tier player long distanc industri number complain explain transact lead increas price intern call usa europ theori submit commiss theori post merger amp mci worldcom sprint leverag uniqu coverag territori long distanc market joint domin posit wholesal long distanc market dictat condit european carrier settl intern call convei long distanc call transport shore alleg effect merger appear occur parti shown local territori lata number long distanc player reduc merger area instanc part midwest unit state alaska spars popul repres percentag point total long distanc phone call usa complain accept difficult amp mci worldcom sprint bundl long distanc offer desol region long distanc servic rest territori assess reli assumpt retail long distanc market remain competit case parti abus domin posit retail long distanc market squeez wholesal competitor market internalis current purchas wholesal market behaviour theori focus market retail long distanc telephoni concentr lead creation dual domin posit held amp mci worldcom sprint market posit player captur intern telephoni minut exchang european carrier put player strong bargain posit vi vi european carrier enabl impos condit settlement negoti long wholesal long distanc market remain competit european carrier option carri call transatlant circuit recours wholesal long distanc market convei directli long distanc settlement transact merger anticompetit impact intern voic telephoni market commiss establish entiti jointli domin amp retail long distanc market amp mci worldcom sprint extend domin wholesal long distanc market extens suffici forese grant commiss jurisdict merger regul aspect transact assum domin retail long distanc market appear difficult predict necessarili translat domin wholesal market demand wholesal market retail custom big corpor major foreign oper merg entiti amp decid integr oper vertic stop bui wholesal market remain demand suppli match deliber abus retail long distanc domin posit parti achiev domin posit wholesal market conclud effect intern voic telephoni market domin posit acquir parti retail long distanc market forese reason commiss jurisdict merger regul examin effect merger long distanc market vi undertak june notifi parti submit commiss undertak divest sprint internet busi text undertak attach confidenti version present decis june parti withdrew submit undertak summari propos undertak activ parti propos divest public internet activ sprint quot sprint internet quot includ servic line dedic internet access sprintlink servic offer high speed continu access internet sprint internet backbon speed rang kbp gbp oc sprintlink servic global point presenc pop usa pop europ dial internet access dialnet servic kbp isdn dial internet access relat servic isp retail custom connect sprint network pop locat usa dialnet servic sold busi custom enterpris usa quot ip dial quot remot access servic enabl busi provid mobil employe world secur dial access intranet extranet internet internet virtual privat network sprint internet internet virtual privat network ivpn servic enhanc network protocol servic enabl compani establish continu high speed secur connect geograph dispers employe custom partner supplier sprint dedic dial internet access network web host servic compani manag internet content applic share infrastructur manag sprint internet network node data centr manag secur servic design protect custom internet traffic intern network unauthoris access sprint internet fulli integr manag firewal user authent servic secureid ac server softwar suit manag ip secur solut asset propos undertak includ intern router server modem port domain authent server internet access web host server server dial network equip deem parti oper sprint internet parti offer make share system infrastructur personnel purchas divest busi parti propos option purchas enter network specif support agreement order parti give full effect propos divestitur agreement includ network facil agreement network transport agreement local access agreement personnel parti sprint internet dedic employe includ oper engin profession sale sale support personnel locat usa europ parti explain profession possess experi develop design market sell deliv integr manag maintain internet network infrastructur servic oper sprint internet sale personnel parti argu sprint internet multipl sale support channel respond demand channel includ decemb sprint creat parti servic purchas execut level employe signific impact compani differenti competit final parti explain merg parti undertaken emploi employe transfer sprint purchas purchas prior consent agre period sale sprint internet addit agre period sale sprint internet worldcom sprint purchas solicit employe engag internet activ consent custom parti intend transfer sprint entir internet custom base includ isp small busi internet access custom larg commerci custom govern custom web host provid custom inform custom list exist histor data relat provis internet servic custom base exist contract sprint internet wholesal retail custom transfer purchas contract requir consent custom transfer contract sprint reason effort obtain consent offer addit induc deem contract consent obtain mci worldcom sprint undertak traffic divest network pass revenu purchas notifi parti undertak solicit exist custom sprint internet exist internet servic custom mci worldcom time close purpos provid custom internet access servic purchas sprint internet specif solicit claus internet servic provis dedic access addit parti undertak step transfer internet servic busi sprint mci worldcom multihom busi mci worldcom network ordinari busi prior close set autonom unit assess high growth internet import attach custom qualiti servic propos busi divestitur posit compet fulli effect date transfer ownership difficulti met divest entiti result limit growth lead quickli rel lower market share combin uncertainti expos recit make highli divest entiti exercis short medium term competit constrain parti addit text undertak rais numer issu increas uncertainti efficaci propos remedi propos undertak rais fundament doubt ground scope servic divest narrow ii divest entiti power retain custom base iii uncertainti experi personnel transfer iv divest entiti remain depend mci worldcom sprint continu oper attempt gain independ costli time consum monitor difficult task vi uncertainti asset transfer scope servic divest narrow propos undertak provid sale activ relat sale internet dedic access servic sale internet dial access servic sale web host servic sale firewal servic sale internet virtual privat network servic servic parti intend divest run public internet servic internet protocol call ip servic parti propos includ divestitur parti argu ip servic carri public internet divest internet protocol ip carri data gener carri data virtual privat network type servic intranet extranet voic ip enhanc servic gener servic public internet partli carri public internet addit public internet servic servic carri ip provid part underli network facil transmiss facil router switch modem connect underli transmiss facil underli internet network infrastructur sprint telecommun voic data commiss investig parti explain inclus intranet extranet enhanc servic carri ip packag divest ensur divest entiti full competit forc parti servic repres highest expect growth area internet relat servic growth rate custom purchas servic provid access internet final custom purchas bundl servic includ internet servic internet servic atm privat line servic top level internet connect provid market power reflect network custom base divestitur encompass posit sprint submiss commiss worldcom mci procedur worldcom mci commiss state includ enhanc ip servic reason note ip base vpn base underli protocol frame relai atm internet compon vpn small explain provis intranet extranet gener complex public internet network principl easier run requir special skill requir internet larg thirdli commiss consid doubt offer servic intranet extranet provid gatewai offer internet servic market investig conduct commiss present case shown conclus longer applic trend industri optimis internet protocol limit maximum superposit layer protocol underli facil exemplifi sprint parti technolog choic irrespect underli transport protocol ip frame relai atm applic servic base ip level complex provis enhanc ip base servic appear parti statement parti submiss servic tailor custom definit complex final link offer public internet servic ip base enhanc servic note lead internet access provid provid categori servic parti sprint custom increasingli bui bundl servic product end end solut divest entiti power retain custom base custom internet telecommun servic parti explain combin connect custom locat bundl internet telecommun servic bring economi scale commiss calcul base data provid sprint approxim internet revenu sprint year gener custom purchas internet servic sprint merg entiti continu contact term revenu custom term contract end custom turn back merg entiti parti endeavour address issu propos solicit claus propos undertak evalu recit seq similarli exclud sprint contract sprint internet turnov gener custom number custom spend internet servic telecommun servic purchas sprint mean knowledg custom technic specif remain mci worldcom sprint propos divestitur retent custom knowledg aggrav factor mci worldcom sprint case contact person serv remain telecommun internet custom propos divestitur structur appear signific number account manag personnel knowledg account transfer true custom spend telecommun servic internet servic sprint retain knowledg custom internet maintain relationship divest busi custom multihom custom mci worldcom sprint basi inform suppli parti describ complet appear relat sprint internet revenu gener custom purchas internet servic mci worldcom consequ multihom sprint internet mci worldcom addit gener knowledg account sprint side telecommun servic merg entiti continu provid internet servic divest custom parti argu easi custom shift demand exist provid internet servic perceiv limit abil divest entiti provid top qualiti servic punish custom shift demand mci worldcom sprint merg entiti made awar multihom custom aris exist commerci relationship make easier merg entiti gain competit advantag divest entiti earthlink earthlink aol largest retail dial internet access provid usa sprint long last relationship earthlink take form right share capit earthlink extens suppli agreement internet field earthlink repres internet revenu sprint propos undertak lead transfer internet contract address sprint link earthlink capit main sharehold earthlink sprint substanti influenc renew transfer contract jeopardis long last natur earthlink relationship divest entiti absenc protect divest busi argu parti propos compet claus protect divest entiti wit custom feed back mci worldcom sprint parti includ full compet claus propos undertak limit undertak solicit sprint internet custom note sprint drawn commiss attent potenti problem worldcom mci procedur addit difficulti aris involv custom sign contract requir consent transfer person sprint parti basi limit sampl contract repres part sprint internet revenu appear internet custom base divest entiti shrink significantli propos divestitur accept result materi smaller competit forc market uncertainti number experi personnel transfer sprint staff alloc futur internet busi unit dedic internet activ partial dedic doubt experi identifi personnel moment alleg dedic personnel identifi instanc select person experi internet field due team dedic sale internet product doubt greater staff spend part time internet servic personnel identifi tabl set extent unit constitut sprint internet includ staff dedic internet staff partial involv internet activ show proport staff unit replac person spend part time internet issu oper engin unit staff unit staff previous fulli dedic internet activ gt tabl gt note fte stand full time equival notion number repres number person work full time replac staff spend part time internet activ divestitur encount issu cultur adapt formal integr structur sprint internet issu rais time select relev staff alloc sprint internet time integr divest entiti purchas organis unit essenti proper function entiti propos divestitur uncertainti multipli relianc quot fte quot personnel compar staff count propos divestitur competitor number submit parti appear materi lower amp gte genuiti cabl amp wireless uunet put forward figur region higher peopl put question propos number personnel transfer discrep explain omiss instanc includ staff explain fact inter alia facil base divest entiti depend signific degre mci worldcom sprint continu activ aspect address recit worldcom mci decis commiss state number employe depend larg extent ident purchas level involv type internet activ mci reason undertak left open number employe transfer matter negoti vendor acquir reflect cabl amp wireless fcc submiss acquisit internet mci met number difficulti show easi potenti purchas circumst forc divestitur evalu number staff identifi relev person need run divest busi effect competitor case divest integr busi inform readili substanti feder trade commiss studi remedi commiss reli negoti notifi parti parti identifi adequ number staff transfer divest entiti remain depend mci worldcom sprint continu oper attempt gain independ costli time consum internet activ sprint sprint support servic provid sprint sprint internet dedic access custom connect sprint network privat line local exchang carrier turn connect sprint pop pop pop custom connect backbon node includ equip router switch backhaul line backhaul line belong backbon architectur appli case dial servic import note abovement asset pop backhaul line backbon multipurpos consequ sprint internet bear intern transfer price facil oppos reli market price materi higher addit explain recit john sidgmor vice chairman mci worldcom explain recent shortag capac market confirm submiss parti backbon structur maximis economi scope sprint exist telecommun facil busi choic appli oper support servic parti offer sign support servic agreement purchas provid continu share servic transit period need purchas set migrat system process propos undertak provid support agreement servic colloc internet equip sprint premis network transport capac local access agreement indic time price commerci term oper servic custom servic report order entri bill servic network manag network provis servic requir commiss investig purchas internet mci cabl amp wireless show agreement extrem complex draft difficult implement monitor addit purchas depend materi extent merg entiti continu oper internet activ sprint neg affect cost basi qualiti servic divest entiti instanc note internet part gte name genuiti separ mother compani float market enabl genuiti remain genuin competitor entiti network depend parti underli facil colloc parti explain fulli effect colloc agreement enabl purchas protect confidenti busi action equip free access space expand equip meet futur growth avoid electromagnet interfer cabl switch enabl divest entiti continu oper divest equip effect independ merg entiti parti argu colloc agreement includ detail provis space made accommod transfer asset instanc personnel divest entiti independ merg entiti access colloc equip deploi repair equip space readili sprint pop addit parti explain purchas expand colloc facil sprint pop includ interconnect exist instal sprint premis instal locat premis cross connect facil obviou space personnel accommod expans drew commiss attent fact standard price colloc servic gener avoid colloc competitor purchas sprint internet colloc sprint premis transit period start date close custom equip network fulli migrat purchas facil estim major parti process lengthi take year complet mean purchas depend merg entiti colloc long period period merg entiti benefit confidenti commerci inform divest entiti action limit growth divest entiti simpli lack space alloc space accommod growth impos cost difficult monitor purchas addit circumst forc divestitur purchas lack inform time negoti optim colloc agreement sprint propos draft agreement network transport agreement local access agreement agreement provid underli cabl facil connect custom premis pop connect pop backbon backhaul suppli cabl backbon agreement rais similar issu colloc premis parti explain provis servic difficult price servic suppli intern sprint cost provis servic benefit economi scope drawn multipl network facil current cost materi lower market price underli servic commerci tariff notabl case largest capac cabl oc put place accommod growth traffic addit divest entiti depend mci worldcom sprint meet increas traffic demand capac connect merg entiti benefit confidenti commerci inform divest entiti control growth network cost divest entiti final explain agreement complex natur purchas lack inform time negoti optim agreement depend sprint propos draft agreement migrat argu shortfal expos attach conclus major competitor market colloc agreement network transport agreement local agreement avoid swift transit facil purchas commiss worldcom mci decis note view parti purchas internet mci depend seller provid long term solut note success top level internet connect provid facil base purchas leas facil perman competitor depend competitor commiss conclud accept buyer posit migrat traffic immedi exist altern network build network reason period time migrat traffic commiss assess arrang colloc network servic provid adequ time migrat traffic network conclud basi parti submiss year period preferenti term offer suffici permit transfer relev activ altern network permit network oper fulli independ mci parti previou migrat parti parti show migrat internet busi complex task year complet construct internet backbon involv number success step backbon oper defin network architectur build pop thirdli build transit network connect pop fourthli develop migrat oper support system process migrat custom commenc time intens part process migrat custom main constrain internet connect provid migrat network ensur custom satisfact maintain migrat process reason past migrat avoid sudden substitut connect opt gradual approach connect custom duplic transit period chang connect custom supplier provid local exchang circuit custom instal equip chang connect line process labour intens explain divest entiti staff resourc run dai dai busi purchas hire cost signific number addit staff purpos migrat custom process migrat custom lengthi instanc time manag attent cost migrat born purchas mean network cost divest entiti determin negoti mci worldcom sprint purchas migrat network facil period year oper support servic sprint internet oper support servic parti explain easi isol internet specif task system undertak provid servic divest entiti transfer system purchas john sidgmor vice chairman mci worldcom recent stress import servic quot real success driver transmiss speed oper effici internet market bill quot relianc divest entiti merg entiti rais number risk merg entiti benefit confidenti commerci inform drawn exist integr system abil divest entiti innov oper support servic limit agreement main competitor mci worldcom sprint build system lengthi costli process year set parti estim migrat system year complet conclus appear develop absenc facil system entiti parti propos divest lead signific risk effici competit divest entiti depend signific time main competitor john sidgmor vice chairman mci worldcom state recent quot network control cost qualiti decid implement product servic quot sprint explain internet mci busi integr mci similar manner integr sprint internet monitor extrem difficult imposs argu truste put place monitor proper implement colloc network transport local access oper support system agreement ensur merg entiti hinder develop independ divest entiti task extrem complex undertak difficult monitor requir staff skill extend power attribut truste assum truste extend talent found degre complex task increas materi uncertainti attach effect realis remedi issu undertak continu peer necessarili increas capac made relev peer point increas uncertainti commerci viabil propos divestitur propos undertak intellectu properti right assign permit authoris held sprint parti explain detent intellectu properti right paramount import innov driven market ownership intellectu properti right make innov instanc extend scope underli intellectu properti put question abil divest entiti immedi effect competitor conclus summari propos undertak significantli alter econom divest entiti separ wider sprint activ underli infrastructur oper support servic necessarili arbitrari select staff transfer state paragraph commiss annual report competit polici natur competit problem requir elabor undertak mechan remov concern commiss carefulli accept complex undertak lead satisfactori result competit point view transact prohibit addit futur growth busi constrain necess reli merg entiti provid addit resourc transit period year purchas migrat divest busi facil migrat competit divest entiti entail substanti migrat cost born purchas reason commiss conclud propos undertak establish certainti effect effect competit relev market provis top level internet connect vii conclus light conclud merger mci worldcom sprint lead creation domin posit reinforc domin posit market provis top level univers connect result competit significantli imped common market mean articl merger regul undertak submit parti june remedi commiss competit concern commiss view notifi concentr incompat common market function eea agreement adopt decis articl notifi concentr consist merger mci worldcom sprint declar incompat common market function eea agreement articl decis address mci worldcom pennsylvania avenu nw parkwai washington dc unit state america sprint corpor shawne mission westward kansa unit state america brussel june commiss mario monti member commiss oj corrigendum oj oj corrigendum oj oj turnov calcul accord articl merger regul commiss notic calcul turnov oj extent figur includ turnov period januari calcul basi averag ecu exchang rate translat eur basi part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk sprint turnov includ global turnov control sharehold joint ventur commiss notic calcul turnov oj paragraph commiss regul ec march notif time limit hear oj telegeographi connect modem port isp bill usag basi major isp aol earthlink mindspr mn prodigi bui wholesal dial cf footnot uunet import element select web host provid speed access server redund internet connect connect high speed websit owner control websit server secur bandwidth connect meet increas demand backup hour server avail perform web server choic encrypt internet experi provid knowledg sale support staff monthli traffic report provid feedback number visitor websit afford host server data centr cost effect uunet fourth cost quot quot uunet monthli host fee start usd month http www uu net product host keystrength select html quot worldcom plan european data center roll quot emili bourn total telecom case oj applic sprint corpor mci worldcom feder commun commiss march footnot comment cabl amp wireless feder commun commiss fcc februari joint respons statement object paragraph footnot parti acknowledg thousand isp worldwid instanc page repli statement object page memorandum gct market submit march yanke group report execut summari quot bell ball give hand qwest west global cross frontier quot www yankeegroup iv jv bt amp march iv amp ibm global network telegeographi world top isp winter intern data corpor internet servic provid market review forecast cahner stat group show backbon isp report increas demand shift vendor prefer boardwatch decemb datamonitor futur internet hear mci worldcom sprint merger senat committe judiciari exhibit novemb testimoni tod jacob senior telecommun analyst sanfor bernstein amp bernstein research mci worldcom march oecd internet traffic exchang develop polici dsti iccp tisp final pp credit suiss boston morgan stanlei dean witter bear stearn bell atlant estim merg entiti market share cabl amp wireless estim mci worldcom share global internet traffic sprint worldcom cool compani salomon smith barnei februari ratio provid rang order protect confidenti inform provid parti inform calcul market share basi revenu traffic provid notifi parti parti depart justic respons civil investig demand grant waiver confidenti competit agenc market share amount approxim assumpt extrem favour parti made merg entiti combin market share estim worldcom mci mci internet busi divest cabl amp wireless john sidgmor spring internet world uunet chair industri concern capac reuter april recit john sidgmor spring internet world uunet chair industri concern capac reuter april analogu audio signal convert digit signal order transmit internet digitis compress transmit qualiti signal depend number bit encod packet switch method move data internet packet switch data broken smaller packag packag address enabl packag data sourc mingl line sort direct rout enabl internet connect provid user line time sprint mci worldcom submiss fcc repli comment petit deni applic consent transfer control march pp seq complet bt amp worldpartn allianc effect disappear unisourc merg infonet auc form page respons date novemb commiss request inform bt amp concert http www yankeegroup webfold yg nsf yankeetodai view top presid ceo berg ayvazian discuss propos merger mci worldcom sprint concert parent compani amp bt global network servic defin intern network servic includ voic data frame relai atm ancillari servic intern call card circuit iplc definit includ profession servic custom premis equip purpos definit stand servic intern idd long distanc local connect includ part larger bundl global network servic identifi analysi global recit presenc import gt supplier number mnc headquart case exxon mobil septemb totalfina elf februari feder trade commiss studi commiss divestitur process www ftc os ind htm keynot address quot supercomm quot confer held atlanta june annex undertak submit parti june withdrawn june