resolut council repres govern member state meet council februari commun programm polici action relat environ sustain develop council european commun repres govern member state european commun meet council regard treati establish european coal steel commun regard treati establish european econom commun regard treati establish european atom energi commun regard draft commiss regard opinion european parliament regard opinion econom social committe treati establish european econom commun amend singl european act explicitli develop implement commun polici environ treati european union sign maastricht februari princip object promot sustain growth respect environ specifi object guid principl polici factor account prepar declar head state govern meet council june call inter alia action programm environ elabor basi principl sustain develop prevent precautionari action share respons commun member state acquir consider experi develop implement environment polici legisl enhanc protect environ unit nation confer environ develop unc meet rio de janeiro june adopt rio declar agenda aim achiev sustain pattern develop worldwid declar forest principl import convent climat chang biodivers open signatur sign commun member state commun member state subscrib agenda declar european council meet lisbon june commun member state commit rapid implement princip measur agre unc european council meet lisbon june birmingham octob invit commiss council undertak work relat implement principl subsidiar european council meet edinburgh decemb approv principl guidelin procedur practic applic accord principl subsidiar aspect polici specif action embodi programm sustain refer programm fall carri level involv compet european commun strategi advanc programm reli satisfactori integr environ relev polici acknowledg programm present commiss design reflect object principl sustain develop prevent precautionari action share respons set declar head state govern commun meet council june treati european union sign maastricht februari comprehens framework strateg approach sustain develop programm constitut point departur implement agenda commun member state note current form activ develop environment sustain endors gener object progress orient human activ develop sustain form agre achiev sustain develop call signific current pattern develop product consumpt behaviour declar impli share respons global commun region nation local person level acknowledg programm implement account divers region commun consist object strengthen econom social cohes aim high level protect environ note conclus european council birmingham octob edinburgh decemb guid commun work relat principl subsidiar call commiss ensur propos make relat environ fulli reflect principl undertak propos case case basi ensur consist principl acknowledg pursuant principl subsidiar concept share respons aspect polici specif action programm fall implement level commun note applic principl subsidiar lead step backward commun polici hinder effect develop futur note polici made effect action level environ develop european commun concern note report state environ commiss publish conjunct programm note gener posit impact previou action programm made environment problem note end time frame current action programm environ coincid complet intern market note programm environment dimens intern market reinforc current measur suffici meet increas pressur environ aris consequ current anticip trend econom social activ commun develop neighbour region central eastern europ wider intern level agre progress coher coordin polici strategi environ develop involv level societi call advoc order inter alia reduc wast consumpt natur resourc prevent pollut elabor concept life cycl manag product process relat wast manag clean cleaner technolog substitut hazard process substanc hazard process substanc cost effect endors strategi give increas attent kei sector coordin comprehens manner includ strengthen dialogu main actor sector identifi programm acknowledg consider comprehens commun strategi action plan natur conserv protect relat biodivers forest reaffirm crucial import ensur environment concern fulli account outset develop polici implement polici mechan member state council commiss achiev integr strategi advanc programm reli invit commiss develop initi end includ examin possibl area report conclus due mechan commiss increas cooper polici area develop propos legisl includ organiz aspect incorpor regular progress report implement programm agenda specif assess sector sector contribut polici area achiev environment object inclus legisl propos section deal implic environ environment dimens grant commun fund undertak nation level level council format introduct compar measur achiev aim recogn involv level societi spirit share respons requir deepen broaden rang instrument complement norm legisl includ market base econom instrument research develop inform educ train financi support mechan voluntari scheme note object target action time frame programm constitut start move sustain develop acknowledg programm contribut effort fulfil object treati establish european econom commun commun environment polici account potenti benefit cost action lack action invit commiss develop propos light studi note sustain activ develop attain life span programm progress measur year order hand environ gener fit state maintain public health social econom welfar high level note measur action set time frame extend intend undertak review programm end meantim invit environment polici review group propos programm establish implement programm review basi regular report commiss summar progress programm part review process consider relationship trade environ call commiss review programm give special attent revis object prioriti adequ consult member state order ensur commun measur environ effect implement cooper procedur commiss member state improv emphas import effect implement enforc commun legisl member state stress due regard stage legisl propos adopt qualiti draft legisl term practic implement enforc undertak discuss council commiss annual report state implement enforc commun legisl member state note member state respons implement enforc measur agre council commiss continu bodi monitor implement enforc call commiss bring forward propos help improv function enforc agenc member state encourag spread practic stress urgenc european environ agenc begin work note propos programm establish consult forum environment polici review group network enforc agenc member state principl wider systemat consult interest bodi environ develop wider intern level concern assert commun member state contribut posit implement effect strategi deal problem climat chang deforest desertif deplet ozon layer loss biodivers fulfil earli commit agre ratif relev intern convent undertak plai posit role formul programm sustain develop includ develop countri countri central eastern europ framework commun cooper associ agreement note intern commun measur programm design reduc wast consumpt resourc contribut greater effici resourc manag wider intern level reaffirm commit implement point plan follow unc agre lisbon european council task commun member state address includ establish basi ratif climat chang biodivers convent aim ratif end prepar relev nation strategi time integr rio declar agenda statement forest principl polici commun member state work review aegi commiss sustain develop csd implement forest principl work prepar forest convent particip posit negoti futur desertif convent fulfil commit strengthen assist develop countri field sustain develop increas fund agenda identifi financi support develop countri includ signific addit resourc regard put concret form ecu billion commit european commun member state made rio initi contribut prompt effect implement agenda prioriti technolog transfer institut capac build poverti reduct work restructur replenish global environ facil perman financi mechan relev global environment convent climat chang biodivers convent continu give consider earth increment intern develop associ ida environ purpos note implement programm make major contribut follow agenda european commun member state stress promot particip government organ ngo major group follow unc nation csd level stress import establish csd full particip commun work csd line conclus agre council novemb note commun member state submit regular progress report implement agenda csd light forego subscrib necess programm polici action relat environ design achiev sustain develop path approv gener approach strategi programm sustain present commiss invit commiss forward propos give effect programm pertain action commun level undertak decid propos submit commiss expediti take account relev indic object target time frame set programm discuss context propos call commun institut member state enterpris citizen accept rel respons protect environ futur gener plai full part implement programm opinion deliv novemb publish offici journal oj page offici journal european commun programm polici action relat environ sustain develop content page execut summari introduct challeng part polici strategi environ sustain develop european commun state environ progress prospect programm strategi environ sustain develop actor public author public privat enterpris gener public select target sector industri energi transport agricultur tourism theme target programm climat chang acidif air qualiti protect natur bio divers manag water resourc urban environ coastal zone wast manag manag risk accid industri relat risk nuclear safeti radiat protect civil protect environment emerg broaden rang instrument improv environment data scientif research technolog develop sector spatial plan econom approach price public inform educ profession educ train financi support mechan page subsidiar share respons implement enforc programm commun part ii commun rôle wider intern arena introduct environment threat issu global issu problem region local concern intern oper commun posit major issu prioriti issu major intern import global partnership region oper institut issu bilater oper develop countri central eastern europ unc unit nation confer environ develop part iii prioriti cost review select prioriti question cost review programm conclus tabl energi consumpt project implic energi measur requir transport object measur instrument agricultur forestri object measur instrument tourism object measur instrument programm framework select target sector climat chang object target measur acidif idem air qualiti idem natur biodivers idem water quantiti water qualiti idem nois idem page coastal area idem wast manag idem risk manag idem nuclear safeti idem horizont measur idem exampl share respons intern environment issu object target measur figur sustain develop regulatori process promot environment friendli competit industri potenti consum power influenc manufactur process product acidif european commun acidif european commun convent wisdom scenario acidif european commun high price scenario natur conserv diagram urban environ diagram wast manag diagram exist chemic diagram acidif europ acidif europ list abbrevi organis associ acp african caribbean pacif countri ala asian latin american countri bat technolog cap european commun common agricultur polici cee central eastern european countri cite convent intern trade endang speci wild fauna flora eaggf european agricultur guidanc guarante fund ec tabl refer action commun level ecu european currenc unit eea tabl european environ agenc efta european free trade associ eia environment impact assess eib european invest bank erdf european region develop fund esf european social fund fao food agricultur organis gatt gener agreement tariff trade gdp gross domest product gef global environ facil iiasa intern institut appli system analysi austria imo intern maritim organis ipc integr pollut control ipcc intergovernment panel climat chang la tabl refer action local region author level leq db sound level relat man ms tabl refer action member state level ngo government organis oecd organis econom oper develop phare programm assist restructur economi poland hungari initi extend central eastern european countri amp research develop rivm map rijksinstituut voor volksgezondheid en milieuhygien nation institut public health environment protect netherland sme small medium size enterpris toe ton oil equival unit nation organis unc unit nation confer environ develop rio de janeiro june undp unit nation develop programm undro unit nation disast relief organis ec unit nation econom commiss europ unep unit nation environ programm world health organis chemic formula refer carbon monoxid carbon dioxid cfc chlorofluorocarbon ch methan gmo genet modifi organ hc hydrocarbon nitrou oxid nitrogen dioxid nox nitrogen oxid nh ammonia ozon sulphur dioxid voc volatil organ compound execut summari introduct past decad commun action programm environ rise piec legisl cover pollut atmospher water soil wast manag safeguard relat chemic biotechnolog product standard environment impact assess protect natur commun action programm environ complet run end impact year great deal achiev programm measur combin factor call reach polici effect strategi junctur report state environ publish conjunct programm slow relentless deterior gener state environ commun notwithstand measur past decad respect issu refer para report show signific defici quantiti qualiti compar data crucial environ relat polici decis context utmost import european environ agenc oper ii present approach exist measur gear deal expect growth intern competit upward trend commun activ develop impos greater burden natur resourc environ ultim qualiti life iii global concern climat chang deforest energi crisi serious persist problem underdevelop progress polit econom chang central eastern europ add respons european commun intern field treati european union sign member state februari introduceda princip object promot sustain growth respect environ articl includ activ union polici sphere environ articl specifi polici aim high level protect environment protect requir integr definit implement commun polici articl treati attach special principl subsidiar articl state decis close citizen articl commun polici environ requir contribut promot measur intern level deal region worldwid environment problem articl context commun endeavour find solut field develop environ unit nation confer environ develop unc rio de janeiro june human activ impact biophys world turn affect capac control interrelationship condit continu time form activ potenti econom social develop commun long term success import initi intern market econom monetari union depend sustain polici pursu field industri energi transport agricultur region develop polici view separ interfac depend carri capac environ achiev desir balanc human activ develop protect environ requir share respons equit defin refer consumpt behaviour environ natur resourc impli integr environ consider formul implement econom sector polici decis public author conduct develop product process individu behaviour choic impli effect dialogu concert action partner differ short term prioriti dialogu support object reliabl inform programm word sustain intend reflect polici strategi continu econom social develop detriment environ natur resourc qualiti continu human activ develop depend report world commiss environ develop brundtland defin sustain develop develop meet present compromis abil futur gener meet entail preserv balanc natur capit stock redefinit short medium long term cost benefit evalu criteria instrument reflect real socio econom effect valu consumpt conserv equit distribut resourc nation region world context brundtland report point develop countri world popul respons world consumpt energi steel metal paper food practic requir achiev sustain develop reservoir raw materi finit flow substanc stage process consumpt manag facilit encourag optimum reus recycl avoid wastag prevent deplet natur resourc stock product consumpt energi ration consumpt behaviour pattern societi alter clear sustain develop achiev period short cover programm sustain import step longer term campaign safeguard environ qualiti life commun ultim planet commun rôle wider intern arena earli stage commun polici action environ focuss solut acut problem commun clearer recognit pollut stop frontier intensifi oper countri recent year evolut step gener accept issu global natur climat chang ozon deplet diminut biodivers threaten ecolog balanc planet issu address highest level unit nation confer environ develop unc confer stockholm creat awar concern environ broad intern level unc bring global polit commit effect action dimens expect adopt framework convent climat chang biodivers principl conserv develop forest unc pave forward adopt earth charter declar basic right oblig respect environ develop agenda action agenda constitut agre work programm intern commun period st centuri declar environ made dublin june european council stress special respons commun constitu member state wider intern arena state commun effect posit moral econom polit author advanc intern effort solv global problem promot sustain develop respect global common conform declar commun member state increas effort promot intern action protect environ meet specif requir partner develop world central eastern europ credibl industrialis world includ commun viewpoint develop countri commensur extent put hous order adopt implement programm commun posit offer leadership foreseen dublin declar strategi environ develop approach adopt draw polici programm differ appli previou environment action programm focus agent activ deplet natur resourc damag environ wait problem emerg endeavour initi current trend practic detriment environ provid optim condit socio econom growth present futur gener aim achiev societi pattern behaviour optimum involv sector societi spirit share respons includ public administr public privat enterpris gener public individu citizen consum respons share signific broaden rang instrument appli contemporan resolut issu problem main issu long term object indic sens direct thrust appli pursuit sustain develop perform target period year repres select action prescrib view achiev target object target constitut legal commit perform level achiev aim interest attain sustain develop path action requir legisl commun nation level note substanti dispar short come quantiti qualiti data homogen level precis object target includ programm programm take account divers situat region commun econom social develop wealthi region commun aim protect enhanc inher advantag region afford protect valuabl natur asset resourc base econom develop social improv prosper case develop region commun aim restor maintain qualiti environ natur resourc base continu econom activ qualiti life success approach reli heavili flow qualiti inform relat environ actor includ gener public rôle european environ agenc crucial relat evalu dissemin inform distinct real perceiv risk provis scientif ration basi decis action affect environ natur resourc relat motiv gener public main task fall level commun level commiss part commit inform servic campaign environment inform awar build import educ develop environment awar overst integr element school curricula primari level onward environment challeng prioriti programm address number environment issu climat chang acidif air pollut deplet natur resourc biodivers deplet pollut water resourc deterior urban environ deterior coastal zone wast list exhaust pursuant principl subsidiar compris matter serious commun wide dimens intern market cross boundari share resourc cohes implic crucial bear environment qualiti condit region commun issu address problem symptom mismanag abus real problem environment loss damag current pattern human consumpt behaviour distinct mind due respect principl subsidiar prioriti field action view achiev tangibl improv period cover programm sustain manag natur resourc soil water natur area coastal zone integr pollut control prevent wast reduct consumpt renew energi improv mobil manag includ effici environment ration locat decis transport mode coher packag measur achiev improv environment qualiti urban area improv public health safeti special emphasi industri risk assess manag nuclear safeti radiat protect select target sector target sector select special attent programm industri energi transport agricultur tourism sector commun uniqu role plai commun approach effici level tackl problem sector face chosen signific impact environ natur crucial role plai attempt achiev sustain develop approach target sector design protect public health environ benefit sustain sector industri previou environment measur tend proscript charact emphasi thou shalt approach strategi lean work approach reflect grow realiz industri busi world industri signific part environment problem part solut approach impli reinforc dialogu industri encourag circumst voluntari agreement form regul commun action continu import element avoid distort condit competit preserv integr intern market pillar environ industri relationship base improv resourc manag view ration resourc improv competit posit inform promot consum choic improv public confid industri activ control qualiti product commun standard product process product develop measur ensur sustain industri sector special consider posit small medium enterpris matter intern competit mid commiss publish comprehens commun intern competit protect environ energi energi polici kei factor achiev sustain develop commun energi sector make steadi progress deal local region environment problem acidif global issu daili grow import challeng futur ensur econom growth effici secur energi suppli clean environ compat object achiev balanc requir strateg perspect period cover programm kei element strategi improv energi effici develop strateg technolog programm move carbon intens energi structur includ renew energi option transport transport vital distribut good servic trade region develop present trend commun transport sector lead greater ineffici congest pollut wastag time damag health danger life gener econom loss transport demand traffic expect increas rapidli complet intern market polit econom develop central eastern europ strategi sustain mobil requir combin measur includ improv land econom develop plan local region nation tran nation level improv plan manag transport infrastructur facil incorpor real cost infrastructur environ invest polici decis user cost develop public transport improv competit posit continu technic improv vehicl fuel encourag pollut fuel promot environment ration privat car includ drive rule habit conjunct programm commiss publish comprehens commun deal transport environ aim sustain mobil agricultur farmer guardian soil countrysid improv farm effici increas mechanis level improv transport market arrang increas intern trade food product feedstuff contribut fulfil origin treati object assur avail food suppli reason price stabil market fair standard live agricultur commun time farm practic region commun led overexploit degrad natur resourc agricultur ultim depend soil water air addit environment degrad problem emerg case commod overproduct storag rural depopul commun budget intern trade agricultur product wider trade agreement environment desir make sound agricultur social econom sens seek strike sustain balanc agricultur activ form rural develop natur resourc environ programm build commiss propos reform cap develop commun forest work balanc dynam develop rural area commun meet sector product social environment function tourism tourism import element social econom life commun reflect legitim aspir individu enjoi place absorb cultur benefit activ relax normal home work set import econom asset region citi commun special contribut make econom social cohes peripher region tourism repres good fundament link exist econom develop environ attend benefit tension potenti conflict plan manag tourism region develop environ protect hand hand respect natur environ coastal zone mountain area make tourism profit long last world tourism organis predict signific increas tourism activ europ decad increas place mediterranean region type locat histor town citi mountain area coastal zone unep blue plan mediterranean predict doubl solid wast wast water result tourism year potenti doubl land occupi tourist lodg european commun support tourism invest infrastructur serv facilit relat interest practic reflect principl subsidiar spirit share respons level commun real work reconcil tourism activ develop guardianship natur cultur asset brought sustain balanc member state region local author tourism industri individu tourist main line action programm deal diversif tourism activ includ manag phenomenon mass tourism encourag type tourism qualiti tourist servic includ inform awar build visitor manag facil tourist behaviour includ media campaign code behaviour choic transport broaden rang instrument previou action programm reli exclus legisl measur order bring substanti current trend practic involv sector societi full share respons broader mix instrument need mix propos categoris head legisl instrument design set fundament level protect public health environ case high risk implement wider intern commit provid commun wide rule standard preserv integr intern market ii market base instrument design sensit produc consum respons natur resourc avoid pollut wast internalis extern environment cost applic econom fiscal incent disincent civil liabil gear price environment friendli good servic market disadvantag vi vi pollut wast competitor iii horizont support instrument includ improv base line statist data scientif research technolog develop respect pollut technolog technolog techniqu solv current environment problem improv sector spatial plan public consum inform educ profession vocat educ train iv financi support mechan budgetari line direct environment object life structur fund notabl envireg contribut signific amount financ action improv environ cohes fund decid maastricht summit aim cofinanc project intend improv environ spain greec portug ireland articl treati environ polici aim high level protect base precautionari principl prevent action take account divers situat region commun environ polici integr definit implement commun polici context ensur commun fund oper involv structur fund sensit environment consider conform environment legisl qualif recal treati articl prejudic measur commun natur member state respons financ implement environ polici principl subsidiar principl subsidiar plai import part ensur object target action full effect nation region local effort initi practic serv full account tradit sensit region commun cost effect action improv choic action mix instrument commun level object target put forward programm ultim goal sustain develop achiev concert action part relev actor work partnership basi treati european union articl commun action accord principl subsidiar object propos action suffici achiev member state reason scale effect propos action achiev commun programm combin principl subsidiar wider concept share respons concept involv choic action level exclus mix actor instrument level call question divis compet commun member state region local author tabl document actor column tabl manner actor intend combin actor consid relev implement specif measur make programm work present environment protect commun base legisl approach top strategi advanc programm impli involv econom social partner bottom complementar effect approach depend great measur level qualiti dialogu place pursuanc partnership inevit consider time current pattern consumpt behaviour turn direct sustain practic term effect strategi depend forese futur inher qualiti measur adopt practic arrang enforc requir prepar measur effect ordin integr polici systemat follow stricter complianc check enforc reason prejudic commiss initi respons ensur satisfactori implement commun rule ad hoc dialogu group conven commiss gener consult forum compris repres enterpris consum union profession organis government organis local region author ii implement network compris repres relev nation author commiss field practic implement commun measur aim primarili exchang inform experi develop common approach practic level supervis commiss iii environment polici review group compris repres commiss member state director gener level develop mutual understand exchang view environ polici measur dialogu group serv special promot greater sens respons princip actor partenariat ensur effect transpar applic measur intend duplic work committe establish commun legisl purpos follow respect specif measur commiss relat specif field interest consum protect tourism develop member state implement enforc polici nation level final substitut exist dialogu industri commiss intend strengthen event review programm programm essenti target year review roll end light improv relev data result current research forthcom review commun polici industri energi transport agricultur structur fund conclus programm constitut turn point commun challeng complet intern market reconcili environ develop princip challeng face commun world larg sustain programm commiss gear environmentalist framework approach environ econom social activ develop requir posit level polit corpor spectrum involv member public activ citizen consum order make work programm purport long time chang pattern behaviour consumpt attain sustain develop path programm intend primarili break current trend bottom line present gener pass environ gener fit state maintain public health social econom welfar high level intermedi goal state environ level qualiti natur resourc potenti develop end decad reflect mark improv situat obtain todai road sustain long difficult step structur document document divid part main part relat intern extern action distinct made reflect polit legal commun accord power procedur incorpor treati commun constitu member state contribut achiev partnership develop develop countri relat global region issu problem part summaris state environ commun grow threat futur health chapter set strategi design break current trend set sustain develop chapter strategi entail activ involv main actor societi chapter broader rang instrument includ market relat instrument improv inform educ train chapter achiev identifi quantifi improv environ consumpt behaviour chapter special concentr effort made case target sector commun wide signific chapter relat avoid manag risk accid chapter effort concis clear measur constitut action programm set seri tabl predominantli homogen tabl structur long term object field qualit quantit target attain year specif action requir time frame propos action actor sector activ call plai part pursuant principl subsidiar lead rôle ital type face ms final part attempt respons practic share chapter measur propos ensur satisfactori implement enforc chapter part ii summaris environment threat issu wider intern sphere chapter commun constitu member state context gener intern bilater oper chapter resp relat global region issu environ develop issu develop countri central eastern europ chapter deal unit nation confer environ develop place june refer correl intern extern dimens commun polici environ part iii short gener deal select prioriti chapter question cost chapter intent carri mid term review programm chapter document put forward polici strategi aim break trend question select prioriti action defin critic path programm includ list horizont measur field action requir accord prioriti question cost document point difficulti undertak exercis partli tradit practic treat environ infinit sourc free raw materi wast sink partli determin real cost action put forward point plan devis cost mechan futur introduct challeng back commun involv environment protect head state govern member state declar econom expans end result improv qualiti life standard live princip challeng face european commun complet intern market challeng graduat develop path sustain commun head state govern recognis challeng summit dublin june state recognis special respons environ citizen wider world undertak intensifi effort protect enhanc natur environ commun world part intend action commun member state develop coordin basi principl sustain develop prevent precautionari action object action guarante citizen clean healthi environ full achiev object share respons head state govern commiss account approach prepar action programm environ document respons request design spell strategi programm environment action end present centuri develop commun time frame programm great envisag develop intern market europ achiev econom social cohes major implic relat environ polici recognis singl european act increas econom growth expect unsustain environment consider account potenti limit factor incent greater effici competit refer wider intern market place time commun move closer econom monetari union face challeng enlarg account polit econom occur central eastern europ develop european econom area commun commit review approach structur fund common agricultur polici transport polici energi polici develop global level grow worldwid concern continu deterior state environ degrad global life support system crucial element commun strategi develop detail document promot polici programm improv qualiti human life worldwid equit distribut natur resourc drive rais live standard allevi poverti increas life expect improv food secur place consider burden world natur resourc base commun consciou fact industrialis countri million inhabit consum disproportion share world resourc capita consumpt energi commun half usa canada time greater develop countri child born commun consum time natur resourc lifetim child born major develop countri half american child measur foreseen programm design reduc wast consumpt resourc increas product commun requir great ingenu creativ servic addit develop develop world whilst time conserv fragil renew resourc base impli instanc profound consumpt pattern lifestyl sustain develop human activ econom socio cultur prosper founder qualiti relationship societi natur world develop real improv qualiti life report world commiss environ develop gener refer brundtland report urg human activ follow path sustain human activ progress entir planet distant futur context sustain develop defin develop meet present compromis abil futur gener meet entail preserv balanc natur capit stock redefinit short medium long term cost benefit evalu criteria instrument reflect real socio econom effect valu consumpt conserv equit distribut resourc nation region world context brundtland report point develop countri world popul respons world consumpt energi steel metal paper food characterist sustain develop identifi maintain qualiti life maintain continu access natur resourc avoid last environment damag prosaic term defin admonit don eat seed corn need sow year crop definit inject import dose realism debat sustain practic term concept sustain ultim link close societi region prospect continu develop success case individu enterpris profit loss account build solid foundat import bear mind move sustain develop commun start strategi programm set document built achiev commun level member state commun environ polici twenti year fact environ mention origin treati time signific advanc made term elabor extens legisl framework member state actual improv environment protect qualiti commun action programm environ rise piec legisl cover pollut atmospher water soil wast manag safeguard relat chemic biotechnolog product standard environment impact assess protect natur achiev period current pace chang addit pressur impos environ natur resourc stock result complet intern market polit econom develop central eastern europ afield call effect measur institut develop institut level extraordinari growth public awar scientif percept polit import environ issu reflect treati insert singl european act separ chapter environ inclus signific environ element kei articl relat complet intern market modif provid time statutori mandat object criteria commun polici action field environ treati european union sign member state februari number provis bring care environ dimens principl articl refer promot harmoni balanc develop econom activ sustain inflationari growth respect environ articl activ commun includ polici sphere environ articl inter alia polici aim high level protect base precautionari principl articl stipul environment protect requir integr definit implement commun polici articl attach special principl subsidiar articl state object decis close citizen articl address case measur involv disproportion cost public author member state articl reflect account econom social cohes formul environment polici recal articl prepar polici environ commun account econom social develop commun balanc develop region addit agre commun decis make procedur provid major vote council minist environ issu strengthen role european parliament sector decis procedur improv effici qualiti legisl process futur programm face environment challeng final decad millenium endeavour move sustain develop path focu agent activ damag environ deplet natur resourc stock wait tendenc past problem emerg previous state requir signific current pattern human consumpt behaviour object met action commun level basi share respons level societi includ govern region local author government organis financi institut product distribut retail enterpris individu citizen strategi programm prepar commun level sole point requir measur action brought practic implement thereof fall carri level complementari manner accord abil act basic strategi achiev full integr environment relev polici activ particip main actor societi administr enterpris gener public broaden deepen instrument control behaviour chang includ greater market forc challeng attain sustain develop call sight cohes effect approach demand consider polit practic commit extend time frame commun largest econom trade partner world increasingli growth environment sustain exercis respons present futur gener end put hous order provid develop develop countri alik relat protect public health environ sustain natur resourc dublin declar state environ depend collect action tomorrow environ depend act todai percept feel commun afield great environment struggl won lost decad centuri late afford wait wrong part polici strategi environ sustain develop european commun chapter state environ progress prospect strategi futur construct analys present situat occur past conjunct public programm underpin essenti strategi date report state environ publish main conclus drawn report atmospher pollut progress made reduc emiss sulphur dioxid suspend particul lead cfc problem continu exist emerg respect hand number greenhous gase carbon dioxid nitrou oxid ozon methan hand air qualiti problem urban area aquat pollut progress achiev point sourc inland water pollut offset increas pollut point sourc notabl agricultur qualiti water threat grow eutroph fresh water marin water direct groundwat achiev object resourc grow threat overexploit pollut case marin water reduct pollut organ wast heavi metal radioact discharg sever pressur persist mediterranean region north sea baltic sea soil degrad direct wast manag sewag sludg agricultur nitrat land aspect seveso direct major accid hazard industri activ made make good contribut protect soil intensifi land excess applic chemic fertil pesticid herbicid ground drainag clearanc activ caus deterior soil includ contamin acidif desertif eros area natur conserv direct wild bird convent bonn bern pressur uniqu endang biota habitat increas intensifi agricultur import reduct biolog divers econom develop eros caus steadi deterior coastal environ forest fire devast part mediterranean region sever outbreak occur annual pressur recreat home develop give rise deterior upland mountain region urban environ difficulti reconcil meet demand modern commerc transport desir provid good qualiti live environ steadili grow result congest pollut nois deterior street public place architectur heritag gener loss amen wast manag direct back wast gener toxic hazard wast transfronti shipment wast manag commun enorm wast stream control recycl reus option develop infanc stage area defici wast handl arrang pose threat environ undesir implic context complet intern market disquiet trend report state environ trend satisfactorili contain signific neg consequ qualiti environ energi increas chang current energi demand growth rate result turn increas ec carbon emiss refer year transport increas car ownership increas mileag refer year agricultur increas fertil wast increas municip wast year increas recycl paper glass plastic water increas commun averag water withdraw rate tourism increas mediterranean tourism project refer year impetu previou commun action programm measur implement consider merit formal legal term achiev environment improv object term action decid date time run show full effect gener state environ suffici time show full result fulli implement commun exist instrument satisfactorili cope current level environment degrad design meet addit burden expect eman upsurg econom activ complet intern market concomit energi transport demand occur central eastern europ time commun environment polici move gear chapter programm strategi environ sustain develop object commun improv continu welfar citizen polit econom monetari union intern market design hold constitu member state peopl motiv provid framework socio econom growth long term success intern market depend rel contribut industri energi region develop agricultur polici abil transport polici liter deliv good polici interdepend ultim limit factor continu effici growth interfac toler level natur environ strategi set programm ultim aim transform pattern growth commun reach sustain develop path thing impli recogn continu human activ econom social develop depend qualiti environ natur resourc satisfactori guardianship reservoir raw materi finit flow substanc stage process consumpt manag facilit encourag optimum reus recycl avoid wastag prevent deplet natur resourc stock behaviour trend citizen commun reflect appreci natur resourc finit individu consumpt resourc expens gener consumpt expens implement strategi sustain develop requir consider chang major polici area commun involv requir environment protect requir integr definit implement commun polici sake environ sake continu effici polici area interdepend polici area resourc sector depict figur accord european council declar environment imper guid principl polici decis programm deriv precautionari approach concept share respons includ effect implement pollut pai principl programm continu address major environment issu climat chang acidif water pollut soil degrad eros wast manag direct sole issu strategi programm creat interplai main group actor govern enterpris public princip econom sector industri energi transport agricultur tourism extend integr rang instrument effici commun framework commun framework activ integr coordin danger action carri individu member state region actor full impact integr commun achiev action polici area notabl intern market call question main issu long term object indic sens direct thrust appli pursuit sustain develop perform target period year repres select action prescrib view achiev target object target constitut legal commit perform level achiev aim interest attain sustain develop path action requir legisl commun nation level sustain develop goal achiev programm effect implement programm mark signific step chapter actor commun action programm environ larg base legisl control involv govern manufactur industri concept share respons requir broadli base activ involv econom player includ public author public privat enterpris form gener public citizen consum ultim object involv interplai econom player employ broader rang instrument includ market relat incent strike balanc short term benefit individu person compani administr longer term benefit societi principl subsidiar concept share respons appli endeavour strike balanc discuss chapter public author rôle govern determin relat legisl equal import econom plan set condit econom develop land manag access inform educ train market influenc taxat polici product tobacco fuel substanti differ system public administr commun member state public author act oper public enterpris road network railwai airport electr product sector gener endeavour achiev sustain develop govern oner respons respect state own control activ creat framework condit provid incent remov obstacl enabl individu privat enterpris plai respect role local region author import part plai ensur sustain develop exercis statutori function compet author exist direct regul context practic applic principl subsidiar field local region author plai decis role spatial plan applic sound plan principl safeguard area includ natur reserv landscap improv urban fabric circul optimis energi transport effici econom develop author function stimul econom develop area degre prudenc ensur sustain resourc econom develop place prosper infrastructur develop local region author primarili respons plan provis manag road water suppli wast water treatment influenc locat type impact physic develop control industri pollut respons plan permiss emiss discharg oper licens clean technolog access environment inform wast manag strict applic recognis rank order wast manag prevent recycl combust fuel dispos inciner landfil serv reduc wast dispos problem save energi raw materi transport transport traffic plan fulli integr plan process public inform educ train local region author basi exist commun legisl public access environment inform facilit greater public involv environment protect improv public confid direct respons field educ opportun respons respect public awar behaviour intern audit administr critic analys oper public servic site offic purchas polici choic vehicl equip energi conserv environment audit commun inform public applic central govern appli principl measur administr decis plan inform educ train intern audit final imper commit resourc central region local level ensur practic implement public privat enterpris depend natur virtual enterpris natur resourc process product creat type quantiti wast contribut pollut air water soil limit case long term cost resourc pollut intern cost oper plant price final product servic clear perpetu situat viabl econom environment ground grow awar industri interest stake increas demand clean technolog product creat market opportun advantag innov compani industri see advantag term save resourc energi environment consider integr manag polici remain commun member state determin framework condit sustain develop programm area activ singl target sector sector repres larg share econom activ oper attitud vital pave sustain notwithstand choic kei sector clear enterpris expect particip effort move sustain instrument develop put place design gener broadest respons comprehens polici relat consum product import market mechan chang human behaviour environ essenti enterpris consciou extent product packag wast accept respons wast propos commun wide eco label encourag industri design manufactur product reduc environment impact polici develop serv facilit consum make inform choic basi safeti qualiti durabl gener environment implic context retail sector part respons financi institut assum risk compani plant exercis consider influenc case control invest manag decis brought plai benefit environ gener public member gener public number crucial role plai individu concern qualiti gener environ person health qualiti life succeed gener respons citizen possibl influenc polici decis direct produc pollut wast home employ employe commut pursuit leisur interest consum good servic solut environment problem function consum choic individu plai full potenti role practic number condit met good knowledg inform essenti relat individu activ environment pollut protect case awar campaign need remedi situat good intent produc desir result altern exist separ collect wast reliabl public transport system respect choic product servic practic obstacl overcom ecolog friendli product shop price higher pollut clear differenti price unlead lead fuel price attract consum incent make choic favour environ order gain retain confid consum environment claim found accompani neutral inform characterist product activ involv particip government organis ngo environ consum orient trade union profession associ crucial gener process awar build represent public interest concern motiv engag member gener public chapter select target sector chapter actor public privat enterpris target sector select special attent programm sector chosen sector commun uniqu role plai commun approach effici tackl problem sector face chosen signific impact environ natur crucial rôle plai attempt achiev sustain develop factor fulli dealt chapter materi immedi target sector manufactur industri industri sector account approxim commun wealth industri kei element develop strategi commun wider intern level exploit natur resourc consumpt energi product process gener pollut wast industri sector princip environment deterior environment consequ industri activ exce toler level natur resourc base limit block industri develop local region primari goal commun industri polici creat framework condit strong innov competit industri sector ensur competit sustain europ industri global market place interest commun sacrific long term econom social reward sake short term financi gain previou environ measur tend proscript charact emphasi thou work approach consequ tendenc view industri econom develop environment concern mutual hostil background deepen concern environ natur resourc realis neg econom effect environment degrad clear environment sound industri longer matter luxuri matter necess equal clear sector industri appreci relationship respons environ natur resourc base kei messag programm field environ industri part problem part solut order ensur optimum condit exist continu econom growth commun commun industri identifi long term strategi remain econom competit essenti view environment qualiti econom growth mutual depend industri soundli base comprehens environ polici contribut optimis resourc manag public confid build develop market opportun clean low wast technolog reduc pollut substanti econom consumpt raw materi energi extent cost save offset initi higher invest cost reduc unit product cost case point repres develop techniqu field genet engin biotechnolog offer consider potenti applic agricultur food process chemic pharmaceut environment clean develop materi energi sourc recognit import sector commiss publish commun promot competit environ industri activ base biotechnolog commun combin advanc technolog societi vigor creativ adapt manufactur base li core european commun econom underpin polit stabil bring distribut commun greater person choic ultim guarante health improv qualiti life programm dual approach high environment standard combin posit incent perform appli coordin manner point research process product market dispos chain industri industri product impact commun environment resourc base success translat sequenc sustain environ part educ vocat train actor involv chain special emphasi research product engin sens direct thrust environ industri polici interfac institut comprehens integr packag measur includ exist provis compris element strengthen dialogu industri improv physic strateg plan includ assess environment implic plan programm improv manag control product process includ system licens link integr pollut prevent control environment audit effect environ valuat account technolog introduct market base price system consumpt natur resourc set standard condit due account lead time need facilit invest decis higher reliabl product standard design ensur environment impact product life cycl minimis inter alia commun wide ecolog label system encourag voluntari agreement form regul effect wast manag ideal commenc control product process respect expect packag measur product aspect signific impact quantiti type wast gener element strategi includ reclam wast product origin produc import improv wast handl continu research recycl reus technolog pilot project area norm industri wast inciner landfil site deal threat pose final dispos wast final essenti gener public social partner enabl activ involv develop practic implement polici mean individu relev inform enabl exercis inform choic consum access environment relev data inventori emiss environment audit disclosur environment issu account enterpris enabl monitor perform industri regul alik figur overleaf manufactur industri requir encourag complementari forc move environment respons product process product figur show legisl base rule standard procedur appli stage authoris product apprais chain creat perpetu induc progress appli improv standard figur consum awar choic central strength cycl market driven regulatori perpetu serv privat consum compani wish gain enhanc eco rate potenti effect model depend avail choic object apprais inform packag ensur sustain industri sector provid continu industri econom growth special consider posit small medium enterpris matter intern competit small medium enterpris relat small medium enterpris discrimin respect measur outlin desir ground inter alia pollut prerog larg instal aggreg small plant share pollut wast surviv demand creat larg firm oblig tighten process meet criteria ecolog label system competit invest financ small medium enterpris afford disadvantag vi vi larger rival special effort made avoid disproportion burdensom administr financi legal constraint imped creation develop sme ongo control measur concern instanc provid variat timefram adapt implement subject normal treati requir case provid direct practic assist includ provis expert servic train programm born mind size gener sme greater level flexibl adapt adher state art case give edg highli competit market open market intern competit question intern competit perceiv conflict environment protect econom competit stem narrow view sourc prosper static view competit reduc competit advantag stringent environment requir enhanc trigger upgrad innov countri rigor requir lead export affect product technolog refer issu global competit decis japan ministri intern trade industri miti launch action programm st centuri entitl earth requir firm respons commun competit posit global market place maintain turn environment concern competit advantag object sustain aim reduct elimin pollut prevent recycl reus wast abat clean creat broader mix instrument includ market incent avoid constraint technolog achiev higher standard environ polici stimul invest innov competit stifl mid commiss submit comprehens commun council minist industri competit protect environ develop theme propos area action industri field energi sector commun energi sector continu confront local region environment problem acidif addit concern global aspect energi polici effect environ grow import long term strategi devis ensur solut problem exacerb global challeng futur ensur econom growth effici secur energi suppli clean environ compat object energi polici kei factor achiev sustain develop recent project relat world popul rise billion peopl billion consequenti energi project energi demand increas billion ton oil equival toe billion toe convent wisdom scenario billion toe high energi effici scenario region adjust energi share develop drastic impact environ larg energi scenario project coal result consider increas emiss greenhous gase lower level billion toe result increas emiss global level project futur energi growth base convent wisdom scenario creat consider stress secur energi suppli sever develop countri indigen energi resourc aim unachiev approach nuclear power greater wast relat energi sourc breakthrough develop penetr altern energi technolog renew biomass solar wind high effici scenario requir dramat chang attitud energi forc industri countri achiev higher effici gain period global energi environment improv realiz major improv achiev develop countri central eastern europ critic issu context transfer financ technolog countri control evolut energi demand whilst safeguard sustain develop commun commit area conclus council minist environ decemb relat unit nation confer environ develop european energi charter express interdepend energi field awar share respons suppli environ make import contribut countri central eastern europ obtain assist econom recoveri obtain energi suppli condit allow cleaner environ balanc energi sourc effici energi ec level commiss present scenario identifi rang influenc work affect direct energi demand suppli longer term scenario contrast path energi futur develop import strategi formul convent wisdom scenario high price scenario scenario account unif germani number reason indud scenario present updat result revis mid explan scenario implic scenario refer busi usual scenario low econom growth major environment energi polici initi scenario refer high price scenario growth scenario rapid increas energi effici signific increas nuclear power ga fire plant replac coal fire unit increas energi price consum energi carbon tax basi scenario estim total ec energi consumpt million toe emiss air million ton tabl consumpt nox scenario conv wisd scenario high price base predict offer scenario similar meet agre stabil target refer level achiev reduct order year basi present dai knowledg anticip technolog consider structur behaviour emiss declin begin eighti continu fall substanti futur consequ commun nation environment legisl energi effici improv cleaner fuel nox emiss reduc year drastic emiss reduc nox emiss expect environment problem area commun nation region urban level exceed critic acidif load shown paragraph chapter theme target programm greater effort requir reduc emiss sustain level case nox addit reduct realiz power gener sector manufactur industri consider greater reduct achiev transport sector structur behaviour greatest scope reduct present level li power gener sector regulatori measur forc fulli implement manufactur industri sector achiev practic result field energi requir strateg perspect year kei element strategi short medium term improv energi effici develop strateg technolog programm includ amp move carbon intens energi structur includ renew energi option element subject commun commiss council novemb environ energi commiss commun commun strategi limit carbon dioxid emiss improv energi effici made number propos receiv gener support council measur envisag strategi introduct econom instrument requir real cost consum energi pass user energi tax inform educ train end user agreement industri relat code conduct ec level code conduct conclud electr coal oil natur ga sector improv effici energi effici standard kind product applianc energi save programm build insul standard conform adopt save pace programm studi environment aspect nuclear energi energi technolog promot thereof basi thermi joul programm promot renew energi propos alten programm task futur vigor implement programm mention review intensifi enlarg tabl set measur year instrument need develop actor involv order make import step achiev sustain energi polici transport sector transport vital econom social essenti product distribut good servic trade region develop transport made major contribut econom growth commun enabl achiev import economi scale product led increas competit commun transport sector account approxim gross domest product repres employ figur includ transport account good person product transport mean creation mainten infrastructur annual growth inland transport averag passeng good absolut rel term increas road transport higher inland transport mode increas air passeng transport averag annum crucial import sector situat allow evolv part commun larger urban industri area princip traffic arteri imbal term disproportion mobil road excess traffic congest uncoordin infrastructur plan ineffici exist transport capac symptomat transport market led area form ration congest present trend road air transport lead greater ineffici congest pollut wastag time damag health danger life gener econom loss physic constraint environment constraint futur past base transport polici demand side equat transport environment neutral mode transport vari degre impact environ emiss transport primarili road air traffic repres high share tabel energi measur instrument time frame actor awar build incent aim sustain energi behaviour inform educ train end user agreement industri effici code conduct adopt actor concern econom fiscal instrument remov restrict rule ongo ongo ongo ms ec public energi sector ms industri ec energi sector ms industri ec ec ms ms ec energi effici programm implement pace save nation effici programm includ cost plan energi effici standard applianc product vehicl effici standard energi technolog build insul standard minim methan leakag natur ga distribut system ongo ec ms industri energi sector industri energi sector ec ms industri transport sector ec industri ms industri ec ms energi sector technolog programm implement thermi joul programm includ amp energi technolog promot thereof amp renew biomass ongo ec ms industri energi sector idem idem promot programm alten promot renew energi pilot project standardis idem nuclear safeti programm studi safeti wast aspect neculear energi ongo ec ms energi sector emiss lead emiss nox emiss voc emiss urban area traffic emiss hc nox emiss particul emiss emiss transport emit emiss emiss aris road transport privat car transport sector road air traffic reckon biggest contribut problem nois recent ec legisl exhaust emiss car truck result substanti reduct pollut individu vehicl project increas volum car mileag driven increas road freight traffic transport sector share emiss increas nox offset potenti reduct attribut introduct emiss standard transport demand traffic expect increas significantli complet intern market polit econom develop central eastern europ develop european econom area efficac sustain transport polici futur direct proport qualiti relationship transport environ essenti pursu strategi aim reduc impact transport environ reduc oper pollut limit impact infrastructur develop land reduc traffic congest urban area prevent reduc risk inher transport danger good wast commiss recent publish commun transport environ inter alia propos strategi sustain mobil involv combin improv land econom develop plan local region nation transnat level reduc mobil develop altern road transport improv coordin plan invest transport infrastructur network facil incorpor real cost infrastructur environ invest polici decis user cost charg improv competit posit environ friendli mode railwai inland sea navig combin transport develop urban transport prioriti collect transport adequ link stage journei continu technic improv vehicl fuel promot environment ration privat car drive rule habit includ speed limit implement matter level administr societi individu car owner true share respons effect result ultim depend complementar measur effort instanc privat drive habit larg function effect choic depend avail altern mode transport qualiti infrastructur cost park inform educ programm achiev effect choic restrict likewis profession road haulier option continu road system long locat deliveri time condit cargo guarante mode transport connect railwai system plai full rôle servic intern market satisfactorili coher commun wide network creat nation semi state railwai compani form integr log track system good materi wast cargo concern optimis transport mode infrastructur facil network invest serv privat corpor nation econom intern market environment protect interest side side tabl indic measur instrument need actor involv level act partnership time frame envisag agricultur sector agricultur forestri occupi territori commun tradition farmer guardian soil countrysid care husbandri includ integr crop livestock farm wast manag farmland pass sound condit gener agricultur shape continu shape european countrysid set foundat european cultur case manufactur industri transport agricultur sector farm practic undergon signific modernis chang centuri forti year factor brought chang drift rural popul citi town increas mechanis improv transport improv seed qualiti crop protect anim strain intern trade competit food product feed stuff background commun common agricultur polici cap develop adapt fulfil object treati assur avail food suppli reason price stabilis market fair standard live agricultur commun achiev object greatli promot cap price support mechan instrument posit side effect effect emphasi area product level consequenti intensif turn lead overexploit degrad natur resourc agricultur ultim depend soil water air crop product systemat plant protect product led rel resist parasit increas frequenc cost subsequ treatment caus addit soil water pollut problem area commun larg quantiti fertil top soil lost year eros due inappropri manag land livestock farm anim diseas difficult deal genet uniform concentr space hold increas anim wast creat problem water tabel transport measur instrument time frame actor infrastructur land plan infrastructur invest urban transport tran shipment facil rail enhanc good handl inland water wai sea traffic eia structur fund ms la ms la ec infrastructur charg road tax form road price ms ec fuel vehicl progress technic improv vehicl exhaust nois emiss fuel consumpt perform final dispos amp regul vehicl test contr techn recycl part fiscal incent industri ec ec ms ms ec industri ms ec composit consumpt fuel altern fuel cleaner fuel complet move unlead petrol amp fiscal incent regul industri ec ms ec ec ms user behaviour driver inform educ ration car campaign media speed limit physic constraint ongo la ms ec ngo improv public collect transport invest land plan la ms ec transport author discourag road traffic citi charg high park fee la ms public develop econom fiscal incent car pool posit discrimin lower toll car pooler idem toll oper compani public develop inter activ commun infrastructur log track system electron home video confer ongo ec ms industri soil pollut ground clearanc drainag caus deplet wetland reduc biodivers excess nitrogen phosphat fertilis eutroph surfac water region commun result algal bloom disturb oxygen level water dramat consequ fish feed matter ecosystem gener water drink recreat purpos case specif region horizont measur introduc soil protect success compromis pressur market structur measur effort protect heatherland combat eros northern countri fail overgraz result headag payment scheme sheep sector environment degrad incur present system gener surpluss high cost commun budget improv incom situat european farmer circumst environment desir make sound agricultur econom sens seek strike sustain balanc agricultur activ natur resourc environ appreci reflect recent deliber reform common agricultur polici inter alia produc longer consid central point commun polici commiss reflect paper develop futur cap recognis encourag extensif object reduc surplu product contribut environment sustain form agricultur product food qualiti formalis dual role farmer food produc guardian countrysid commiss subsequ propos includ agri environment action programm encompass type financi assist design encourag farm oper land hold environmentali friendli forestri region commun forest determin factor environ ecolog social function matter consider econom import commun greatest consum timber world total annual consumpt million commun product yield approxim million suffici present notwithstand situat commun forest long neglect todai total suffer degre ill health caus acidif iiasa studi ec exclud spain harvest loss attribut air pollut order million annum estim billion ecu addit total forest area destroi year forest fire vast bulk mediterranean region background commun adopt forestri polici design protect forest heritag threat acidif fire improv product forest develop forest forest relat activ rural area promot afforest agricultur land period cover programm concern action refer draw closer link commun intern timber product consumpt pattern moral polit oblig work solut global concern deforest long term object medium term target measur need relat agricultur forestri tabl tourism sector tourism import element social econom life commun reflect legitim aspir individu enjoi place absorb cultur benefit activ relax normal home work set import econom asset region citi commun special contribut make econom social cohes peripher region tourism repres good fundament link exist econom develop environ attend benefit tension potenti conflict plan manag tourism region develop environ protect hand hand respect natur environ coastal zone mountain area make tourism profit long last ec tourism repres gdp export earn total job includ million full time job develop tourist sector divers commun decad tourist activ averag total night spent increas averag southern part ec alpin region tourism risen tabel agricultur forestri object target action time frame actor mainten basic natur process indispens sustain agricultur sectornot conserv water soil genet resourc standstil reduct nitrat level groundwat reduc incid surfac water nitrat content exceed mg give rise eutroph lake sea stabilis increas organ materi level soil strict applic nitrat direct set region emiss standard lifestock unit nh silo silag reduct programm phosphat alloc premium compens payment subject full complianc environment legisl ongo ms agr ms la ec ms ec ms la agr decreas input chemic point process affect equilibrium input nutrient absorpt capac soil plant signific reduct pesticid unit land product convers farmer method integr pest control area import natur conserv registr sale pesticid control sale pesticid promot integr control train activ promot bioagricultur ongo ec ms agr ec ms agr ec ms agr rural environ manag permit meinten biodivers natur habitat minimis natur risk eros avalanch fire agricultur area manag contract manag plan rural area danger programm agricultur environ zone premium financ feoga protect endang domest anim race evalu licens condit irrig state aid drainag scheme train farmer promot exchang visit region compar environ manag situat ongo ms ec ms ms ec ec ms la optimis forest area fulfil function increas forest plantat includ agricultur land improv protect health forest fire afforest regener exist forest favour adequ mean environ slow grow tree mix afforest action forest fire ongo idem ec ms la forest owen idem sharpli million peopl year incom level leisur time increas decad substanti growth anticip effect europ emphasi coastal mountain zone mediterranean region take larg share incom increas expect trigger holidai short expect place environment high qualiti surround mediterranean basin account intern tourist trade world lead tourist area unep blue plan number tourist mediterranean region grow million year depend econom growth rate develop addit predict demograph area million tourist year million year visit mediterranean coastal area compar million million estim world tourism organis confirm project blue plan increas accru commun member state region increas requir doubl occup space year solid wast wast water gener tripl year develop major implic environ impos tremend pressur habitat transport facil coastal mountain land energi water resourc wast water treatment facil period peak demand coastal zone face sever problem environment target longer term object directli relat tourism requir nois water air qualiti standard difficult defin tourism posit neg effect environ depend individu consum choic impact tourism depend type tourism behaviour tourist qualiti tourist servic pressur environ stem mass tourism coastal mountain area increas consider decad develop nation region integr manag plan coastal mountain area element strategi directli relat interact tourism environ control land set strict rule construct fight illeg hous manag privat traffic flow tourist area diversif tourism strict implement enforc environment standard nois drink water bath water wast water air emiss includ emiss hinterland tourist area creation buffer zone sensit area wetland dune dispers summer holidai awar build educ local peopl tourist educ profession train peopl involv manag area involv realis strategi reli princip measur region local author tourism industri commun action plan assist tourism publish commiss includ number specif measur design link environment protect tourist develop inventori tourism resourc member state improv stagger holidai season spread tourism practic guid tourist industri pilot project environment tourism develop code conduct tourist exchang inform experi visitor manag environment award prize essenti place futur growth tourism framework sustain plan control tourism region develop environ protect hand hand recent exampl algal plagu adriat sea cost estim billion ecu lost revenu tourism fish environ constitut import econom resourc requir maintain protect sustain tourism base respect natur environ make posit contribut prosper tourist industri surround region econom social cohes peripher area tabl overview element strategi tourism indic instrument develop time frame combin actor target group tabl tourism object measur instrument time frame actor type tourism manag mass tourism nation region integr manag plan costal mountain area improv control land strict rule construct manag traffic flow tourist area visitor manag exchang expertis pilot model sustainabel tourism strict implement enforc environment standard nois drink water bath water wast water treatment air emiss creation buffer zone sensit area idem idem idem ongo la la ms la idem idem ms la ec ms la behaviour tourist build environment awar liberalis air coach transport tgvnetwork increas margin cost privat car promot altern transport mode dispers holidai diversif tourism includ rural cultur tourism develop promot code conduct multi media campaign confer ec transport polici nation transport polici econom incent energi tax road price encourag public transport oper exchang inform nation plan region plan ec region develop fund ec tourism action plan ec tourism advisori committe idem idem idem idem ms la tourist industri ec idem ec ms ec ms ms ec ms ec tourist industri la ms ec la ms ec la ms ec la ms ec qualiti tourist servic promot form tourism care environ care select accomod build environment awar peopl invol manag tourist area build environment awar local peopl tourist servic brochur profession train pilot project profession train educ exchang practic idem idem idem industri la idem idem ms la ec industri summari reiter point design kei target sector intend exoner actor sector public privat enterpris call due share respons strategi put programm effect strateg approach main target sector summaris tabl succeed chapter document set detail object target time frame respect reduct environment impact expand rang instrument design bring behaviour trend tabl programm framework select target sector industri energi transport agricultur tourism integr pollut control oper licens emiss inventori env audit env charg clean low wast technolog reduct pollut specif target nox econ fiscal incent safe dispos nuclear wast cleaner car fuel emiss limit valu econom fiscal incent vehicl test reduct evapor ecolog sustain farm extensif reduct chemic input organ farm consum inform econ fiscal incent sustain tourism land infrastructur drink water bath water wast manag sustain mobil sector impact reduc wast wast manag inventori wast econ fiscal incent deposit return system high standard dispos civil liabil develop renew sourc amp promot biomass wind wave solar hydro geotherm ration infrastructur network plan inter modal choic bottleneck commun forest develop systemat plant fire protect sustain harvest protect coastal zone natur manmad built amen desertif cultur heritag forest fire natur trail resourc ecolog friendli product eco label product standard consum informa tion tax differenti reduct energi consumpt econ fiscal incent con info educ save thermi joul regulatori instrument volunt agreement improv driver behaviour info educt econ fiscal incent choic mode traffic manag rural develop land manag control rural tourism inland fish broader consum choic broader choic option inform season spread tourism behaviour nb instrument exclus sector insert sector respect obviou potenti chapter theme target programm chapter number theme address intend exhaust list issu tackl commun period cover programm repres matter serious commun wide dimens intern market cross boundari share resourc cohes implic crucial bear environment qualiti condit region commun theme long term object indic sens direct thrust appli pursuit sustain develop present state knowledg absenc paramet sustain object gener express qualit distinct quantit term intermedi goal target achiev time frame year constitut legal commit term target impli perform level achiev aim interest attain sustain develop path action theme repres exhaust list measur order realiz target set period final tabl sector actor directli respons action case effort level execut set action need tackl problem aspect dealt greater depth chapter climat chang global charact climat chang predict consequ increas atmospher concentr greenhous gase pose problem commun frequenc extrem meteorolog event sea level rise heat drought spell carbon dioxid chlorofluorcarbon cfc nitrou oxid methan ch main agent greenhous effect level risen burn fossil fuel energi sector industri transport deforest rise amount cfc due industri product natur sourc methan gase agricultur cattl crop energi natur ga leakag wast site comprehens report assess natur consequ global warm publish inter government panel climat chang ipcc emiss identifi main contributori factor green hous effect respect commun decis stabil emiss level year import step deal problem approach develop countri recent commiss present council minist commun strategi reduct emiss improv energi effici includ commun wide carbon cum energi tax design achiev end commun set target phase cfc halon ahead set montreal protocol order devis correct counteract adapt measur impact climat chang sector european environ socio econom consequ measur problem import close link theme follow commun polici research agricultur energi transport background tabl object target year type action requir main sector involv tabl climat chang object ec target action time frame sector exceed natur absorb capac planet earth stabil level progress reduct horizon energi conserv measur env benign energi behaviour econom fiscal measur con tinuou energi transport industri public improv energi effici amp infrastructur chang transport mode econom fiscal measur idem energi wast transport industri consum fuel substitut emit sourc renew natur ga amp infrastructur econom fiscal measur idem energi methan ch nitrou oxid measur identifi appli possibl reduct target inventori data energi agricultur wast cfc carbontetrachlorid halon tri chlorethan emiss ozon layer deplet substanc phase januari essenti industri hcfc limit maximum cfc level target altreadi set ec nb ec commit support countri seek aim stabil reduct measur relat green hous gase measur debt trade technolog transfer gener trade arrang particip global financi mechan acidif air qualiti acidif due consider measur combust fossil fuel agricultur practic damag effect forest ecosystem lake surfac ground water soil main acidifi substanc sulphurdioxid nitrogenoxid nox volatil organ compound voc includ hydrocarbon hc ammonia nh nox hc voc creat product ozon photo oxid turn contribut consider damag crop veget human health smog period recent studi framework econom commiss europ shown type ecosystem area europ level load deposit sustain detriment effect critic load explanatori box page figur indic exceed critic load europ result deposit nox commun sourc figur emiss result scenario convent wisdom exce critic load larg part ec pictur account extra load acidifii substanc result ammonia emiss clear scenario ec head direct sustain energi comput calcul basi iiasa rain model explanatori box scenario promis scenario result sustain situat region commun figur effect result ammonia emiss account messag deriv emiss deposit region commun requir strictest measur appli reduct emiss reduct nox emiss result develop basi scenario chapter energi sector commiss present scenario futur energi demand ec updat scenario progress result expect mid case develop region commun region econom restructur call object region purpos disburs commun region develop fund level acidif refer current emiss deposit level small impact deposit level rest europ consider extra develop region basi ec legisl adopt area region critic load exceed exceed strict measur appli point view facilit optim develop region greater econom cohes introduct stricter measur greater scope develop term scale continu lower energi demand higher energi effici envisag scenario serv improv competit region ec internation tabl indic ec target instrument aim year sustain situat tabl measur need guarante level air qualiti detriment health environ protect natur bio divers industri revolut past half centuri mankind whittl steadili ecolog base live world instanc damag carri complex live system irrevers spite measur intern agenc commun individu member state major threat natur conserv mainten biodivers persist area increas habitat convert human speci occupi made homeless develop occur continu place contradict mankind fundament desir live harmoni natur enjoi deriv pleasur case preserv natur bio divers place element mainten ecolog balanc natur invalu genet bank essenti medic biolog agricultur scientif progress explanatori note critic load critic load defin quantit estim exposur pollut present knowledg signific harm effect element environ occur signific harm effect assum occur critic valu chemic compound forest soil freshwat exceed european map critic load develop coordin center effect cee institut public health environment protect rivm netherland basi emep grid system km km cooper map exercis undertaken nation administr framework ec programm map critic load europ hettelingh down de smet cce rivm rain model simul model special develop geoman softwar intern institut appli system analysi laxenburg austria iiasa rain stand region acidif inform simul programm rain model combin inform long rang transboundari air pollut provid emep european monitor evalu programm ec inform current project energi agricultur activ emiss nox nh countri countri basi emiss control technolog abat cost current plan reduct nox year alcamo shaw hordijk ed rain model acidif scienc strategi europ kluwer dordrecht netherland map programm map found document extent actual project deposit nox exce determin critic load exceed reflect differ cce rivm critic load map europ map acidifi deposit nox develop ec europ rain model refer energi scenario commiss commun energi europ energi centuri juli aforement energi scenario publish account unif germani map provid programm relat pan european situat account current plan reduct nox year gdr acknowledg european commiss wish acknowledg facil assist afford coordin center effect rivm prepar map programm tabl acidif object ec target action time frame sector actor nox exceed critic load level stabil ec level emiss level reduct action list tabl global scale appli nox sox energi transport agricultur industri tourism sox ec level reduct emiss level propos product standard coal fuel oil residu ec ms energi industri nh ammonia variabl target accord problem identifi region inventori nh emiss trend standard farm build ms la ec eea agri gener voc reduct man made emiss reduct level reduct transport sector idem industri solvent paint chemic industri ec ms industri dioxin reduct dioxin emiss identifi sourc level direct revis standard municip wast inciner plant propos direct inciner hazard wast ec ms ec ms heavi metal reduct pathwai cd hg pb emiss integr pollut control revis bat ec ms la industri target set ec tabl air qualiti object target action time frame actor peopl effect protect recogn health risk air pollut implement enforc exist legisl lead particul black smoke identif exist potenti problem propos amend exist legisl idem ec ms eea ec ms permit concentr level air pollut account protect environ valu mandatori ec level air qualiti monitor control concentr level regard norm substanc cover legisl ms la eea extens list regul substanc pollut danger public health environ ozon health protect current level exceed hour mg hour mg direct ec ms protect veget mg hour mg hour exceed carbonmonoxid cadmium cd knowledg exist level set norm complianc norm concentr identif potenti exist problem ec ms eea substanc heavi metal organ compound deposit sulphur nitrogen knowledg exist level target exist situat identif potenti exist problem idem wild speci flora fauna split isol habitat infrastructur work includ high tension electr cabl pose greatest threat habitat small connect zone block lost essenti migrat preclud consequenti extinct case speci commun strategi aim mainten european biodivers primarili sustain land manag habitat commun wider import interrel network habitat base concept natura creat restor mainten habitat corridor creation mainten network depend carefulli transport agricultur tourist polici shape pursu futur figur outlin strateg approach protect natur biodivers tabl set target instrument short run network surveil european biodivers partli oper year protect natur bio divers larg scale dimens infer preceed paragraph behov nation region local author enterpris landown household maintain enhanc natur beauti park garden jurisdict neighbourhood manag water resourc water elementari sourc life water qualiti indic gener qualiti natur environ water harmoni sustain mainten develop socio econom activ good qualiti water limit quantiti time place recent eurostat oecd statist annual withdraw capita includ water irrig purpos ec risen increas period year ec annual withdraw rate capita vari luxembourg itali portug spain late purpos improv qualiti life condit achiev sustain develop essenti secur suffici water adequ qualiti commun upset natur equilibrium environ tabl natur biodivers target instrument time frame sector actor mainten biodivers sustain develop manag natur habitat european global control trade wild speci mainten restor natur habitat speci wild fauna flora favor conserv statu habitat direct updat direct eec wild bird ongo agricultur forestri fisheri transport tourism energi industri ec ms la ngo farmer ec ms la creation coher european network protect site natura flagship programm carefulli select manag natur area ec set criteria identif habitat buffer zone migratori corridor action programm effici conserv monitor site design natura idem ngo farmer idem strict control abus trade wild speci inventori monitor system recoveri plan endang overexploit speci regul intern intern trade endang speci idem idem unep cite intern convent biodivers alp region agreement bonn convent ms ec unep cite bonn convent reform cap notabl zonal programm support environment friendli agricultur practic ongo ec ms la environment assess plan programm ms la ec programm promot public awar idem ngo measur maintain protect forest progress ec ms forest owner commun polici aim prevent pollut fresh marin surfac water groundwat emphasi prevent sourc restor natur ground surfac water ecolog sound condit ensur inter alia suitabl sourc extract drink water ensur water demand water suppli brought equilibrium basi ration manag water resourc manufactur industri process energi sector cool agricultur sector irrig tourism sector drink bath depend avail good qualiti suffici quantiti water time main contributor pollut water tabl object water quantiti water qualiti realiz long term target reach year action need short term line programm action outlin hagu declar futur commun groundwat polici agre ec ministeri meet novemb urban environ commun popul live citi town urban area place problem environ touch qualiti life citizen demograph trend includ popul household size space occup point increas pressur urban area pursuant principl subsidiar respons qualiti urban environ undertak remedi improv measur matter compet author primarili local author commun concern environment legisl direct municip wast inciner wast water treatment activ undertak structur fund lead inevit plai import role develop citi purpos commun polici encourag local author rise challeng environment problem citi town pose todai assist find transport energi industri case tourism kei sector activ impact qualiti urban environ stand gain significantli ration plan sustain manag urban area commiss publish green paper urban environ suggest rang action relat inter alia town countri land plan optim manag industri econom growth energi consumpt wast ration urban traffic includ improv public transport facil protect enhanc histor heritag citi town provis green space figur diagram complex urban environ situat actor scene concept share respons concern effort fall industri busi transport sector individu citizen consum regard matter object target action clear qualiti environ urban area benefit goal measur outlin tabl princip target sector tabl water quantiti water qualiti object ec target action time frame actor quantitat iv aspect groundwat surfac fresh water sustain fresh water resourc demand water balanc avail prevent perman overdraft integr resourc conserv sustain criteria polici includ agricultur land plan industri develop locat product procedur mark reduct pollut groundwat fresh surfac water collect updat data groundwat monitor control measur groundwat integr water manag protect includ legisl measur protect rehabilit aquif measur promot effect water econom fiscal measur mid idem idem ongo ms la idem ec ms la ms ms ec sector la ms lb ec qualitat iv aspect groundwat maintain qualiti uncontamin groundwat prevent contamin contamin groundwat restor contamin groundwat qualiti requir drink water product purpos groundwat prevent pollut point sourc reduc pollut diffus sourc environment practic technolog groundwat surfac fresh water strict implement exist direct urban wast water nitrat pollut reduc input nutrient soil water sediment regard fresh water examin direct phosphat reduct continu ms la ec elabor specif emiss standard encourag develop product proces perform standard product prevent foresec neg effect water technolog combin target standard achiev ec ms industri standard izat bodi cen influenc standard bodi particip water industri concern idem idem object ec target action time frame actor object ec target action time frame actor continu propos progress replac harm presticid progress limit ec ms econom fiscal measur ongo ms la ec surfac water fresh water maintain high standard ecolog qualiti biodivers unperturb state water surfac water qualiti improv ecolog qualiti safeguard high qualiti exist surfac fresh water propos direct present member state programm water take account specif situat practic measur partli financ nation environ protect fund ec ms ms marin water reduct discharg substanc due toxic persist accumul impact neg affect environ level harm high standard ecolog qualiti surfac water marin water object action similar north sea confer sensit sea area ec marin water measur achiev high ecolog qualiti reduc surfac waterpollut propos maritim transport prevent environment damag ship activ oil spill loss cargo reduct oper pollut develop surveil geograph zone monitor techniqu propos direct reduct oper accident pollut small tonnag boat econom fiscal measur ongo ongo ec ms ms ec ms ms ec air water wast tabl hereund deal press problem urban area directli cover tabl refer nois popul suffer night time nois level result road air traffic leq db health risk primari object remedi situat tackl level coastal zone commun coastal zone constitut uniqu environment heritag irreplac ecolog cultur econom resourc commun marin resourc depend environment qualiti natur interfac land sea character extrem fragil indic scale commun kilomet coastlin exclud small island inland sea pressur exert coast increas coastal region strive make good lag develop subject incess net demograph gain coastal tourism increasingli popular subject signific season fluctuat pressur result reduct open space natur site substanti modif landscap give rise conflict land sea competit local region author commiss commun europ deal length environment import tabl nois object ec target action time frame sector actor person expos nois level endang health qualiti life night time exposur level leq db exposur popul nois level excess phase point time level exceed proport popul present expos level suffer increas proport popul present expos level suffer increas level inventori exposur level ec nois abat programm set reduct nois emiss car truck aircraft crane mower direct present progress aim implement standard nois measur rate measur influenc behaviour drive car flight procedur industri process oper night time measur relat infrastructur physic plan zone airport industri area main road railwai continu idem idem transport industri eea ms la ms la ec ms industri eea ec ms ms la ec ms la develop potenti coastal zone island point coastal region develop natur asset environ constitut kei aspect develop potenti time natur asset sever threaten urbanis tourism transport industri energi agricultur fisheri sector case sector conserv strategi embodi commun common fisheri polici council minist environ resolut adopt februari request commiss propos commun strategi integr manag coastal zone view provid coher environment framework integr sustain form develop propos strategi cover entir ambit coastal zone includ fore shore coastal water estuari coastal land limit marin coastal influenc amp activ commun environment research mast air programm provid scientif basi sound ecolog manag zone case commun give financi support structur fund context propos object effect implement strategi tabl main element incorpor strategi wast manag problem wast rise specif complex wast potenti sourc pollut constitut secondari raw materi choic prioriti sector direct econom environment consequ direct relev environ polici technolog econom consum polici manag wast gener commun kei task current upward trend wast gener halt revers term volum environment hazard damag commun strategi wast manag year publish endors tabl coastal zone object ec target instrument time frame sector actor sustain develop coastal zone resourc accord carri capac coastal environ higher prioriti environment coastal zone inter alia coordin relev ec polici polici ec nation region level oper framework integr plan manag develop criteria balanc land conserv natur resourc awar rais public compet author econom sector framework integr manag plan level exchang experi creation improv data base relev indic pilot project integr manag coastal zone inform campaign educt profession train financi support demonstr project innov approach life continu ms la ec ms la ec ms la ec ms la ec ms la ec tourist sector transport enterpris agricultur gener public improv criteria ensur sustain project programm incl eia ms ec council strategi includ hierarchi wast manag option primari emphasi laid wast prevent promot recycl reus optimis final dispos method wast reus figur strateg flow chart wast manag strategi pursu reinforc programm attent prevent wast solv wast problem sourc encourag recycl wast inter alia separ sourc prioritis wast stream encourag ration network dispos facil applic lifecycl analysi promot encourag intervent peopl concern order attain target achiev limit period hazard wast requir attent relat prevent wast encourag maximum recycl develop ec wide infrastructur safe dispos econom fiscal instrument charg levi appli whereev legisl packag measur wast manag requir round adopt specif direct packag inciner industri toxic wast control recuper landfil site gener direct civil liabil damag tabl object target year action requir short term tabl wast object ec target action time frame sector actor target ration sustain resourc industri agricultur transport energi tourism municip wast prevent wast close cycl maxim recycl reus materi safe dispos wast recycl reus rank order combust fuel inciner landfil wast manag plan member state stabil quantiti wast gener ec averag kg capita level countri countri basi exceed kg capita recycl reus paper glass plastic ec averag commun wide infrastructur safe collect separ dispos export ec final dispos recycl reus consum product market recycl materi consider reduct dioxin emiss reduct level landfil direct oper direct packag oper cleaner technolog product design polici prioriti wast stream stop landfil specif wast legisl voluntari agreement reliabl ec data wast gener collect dispos system liabil place econom incent instrument incl deposit return system vol agreement standard dioxin emiss municip wast inciner progress ongo ongo ec ms la industri ec ms la industri industri ec public ms la ec ms la industri ngo public ec ms la eea ec ms ms ec industri ec ms la hazard wast prevent wast close cycl maxim reus recycl materi safe dispos wast recycl reus rank order combust fuel inciner landfil export ec final dispos wast manag plan set member state ec wide infrastructur safe collect separ dispos market recycl materi landfil direct oper direct inciner hazard wast oper polici prioriti wast stream stop landfil specif wast cleaner technolog reliabl ec data wast gener collect dispos set bours de dechet system liabil place inventori risk econom incent instrument incl vol agreement ongo ongo ongo ec ms la industri ec ms la industri ec ms industri la ngo public industri ec ms eea ms la ec industri ec ms industri ec ms ec ms industri ms ec industri chapter manag risk accid prejudic object sustain develop essenti remaind decad assess manag risk respons accid catastrophi improv consider set summari main risk area prioriti programm industri relat risk protect environ human health requir industri relat risk tackl number front gener industri activ chemic control biotechnolog product label consider amount progress made respect legisl control pursuanc previou commun action programm environ notabl direct eec industri accid hazard gener refer seveso direct direct eec subsequ amend direct classif label danger substanc direct noxiou emiss air discharg water manag toxic danger wast direct eec regul genet modifi micro organ research laboratori industri product plant direct eec ensur risk assess manag genet modifi organ releas environ remain respect chemic biotechnolog chemic virtual indispens part modern life product chemic process wrap mean chemic million chemic identifi current manufactur product increas number chemic phenomen growth quantiti produc global product organ chemic jump million tonn million tonn million tonn present chemic agent potenti hazard incorrectli appli releas larg quantiti design accid chemic tend continu pollut agent long origin purpos serv import industri chemic process paper product primari metal food product petroleum refin manufactur textil transport machineri electr machineri equip rubber plastic benefici aspect techniqu genet engin biotechnolog refer chapter concern technolog entail potenti risk relat human health total environ risk widespread releas genet modifi organ upset delic balanc exist natur evolutionari impact sound manag biotechnolog european commun regul biotechnolog call delic balanc public health environment concern research industri interest commun clear prevent approach adopt legisl establish common set environment risk assess requir safeti measur intend protect health citizen environ ensur singl unifi market biotechnolog commun step mobil consider technic potenti european standardis bodi pursuit effect applic biotechnolog support legisl standardis programm extend includ method identif gmo standard test method evalu environment impact risk common evalu protocol figur overleaf flow diagram show process deal exist chemic prioriti action remaind decad respect industri risk chemic biotechnolog set tabl tabl risk manag object target measur time frame actor industri activ manag industri risk improv safeti standard develop safeti manag standard improv harmonis implement measur comprehens apprais experi framework direct eec report council parliament includ programm action develop standard risk assess manag ongo ec ec standard institut coverag danger establish comprehens review implement ec gener environ control improv manag procedur standard develop standard environment manag system ongo standard institut eco audit progress enterpris chemic control data collect effect notif procedur chemic notif chemic data collect exist chemic council regul exist chemic ongo ec ms industri ec ms industri hazard identif mainten improv exist classif criteria continu updat light scientif technic progress ongo ec ms extens list classifi substanc ongo manufactur import risk assess common principl assess assess high product volum chemic amend direct eec council regul exist chemic ec ec ms industri assess activ substanc agricultur pesticid council direct agricultur pesticid ec ms industri risk manag strengthen link classif control measur establish advisori committe chemic risk reduct ec industri risk reduct risk reduct programm prioriti chemic legisl voluntari agreement ec ms industri object target measur time frame actor object target measur time frame actor biotechnolog risk manag contain gmo coverag instal activ effect safeti measur gmo research industri comprehens review implement develop detail criteria ongo ec ec ms risk manag releas gmo environ effect approv procedur releas commun research industri oversight export gmo countri comprehens review implement technic adapt propos regulatori instrument ongo idem ec risk assess common approach principl environment risk assess common test method identif method safe transport gmo develop risk assess methodolog assess common accept method ec legisl ec ms standard institut cen ec ms protect anim experiment purpos reduct anim experiment reduct number vertebr anim experiment purpos direct eec maastricht declar protect anim ongo ec ms industri nuclear safeti radiat protect euratom treati lai commun object task relat peac nuclear energi nuclear safeti receiv special attent recent time insid commun increas credibl commun action aftermath chernobyl accid transnuclear affair recent financi technic assist provid improv safeti measur nuclear reactor countri soviet union central eastern europ increas pressur commun provid leadership field nuclear safeti commun nuclear electr gener present account total electr suppli produc power station member state commun share larger europ part world reach proport belgium franc forese futur nuclear instal continu import sourc energi european commun view potenti guarante independ countri energi suppli avoid environment impact tradit energi sourc notabl coal oil continu effort nuclear safeti radiat protect appropri safe arrang manag nuclear wast decommiss obsolet plant recent time increas evid radiolog signific exposur popul indoor radon concentr februari commiss issu recommend principl laid intern commiss radiat protect icrp take account recent data radon order deal global type exposur euratom treati call commun establish uniform safeti standard protect health worker gener public ensur appli task includ regulatori technic inform aspect basic safeti standard issu form direct provid basi comprehens commun polici radiat protect basic safeti standard appli practic activ involv risk popul worker environ caus irradi contamin standard appli present worker commun sector ionis radiat nuclear power industri medic industri research applic nuclear research nuclear technolog area rapid chang develop radiobiolog radio patholog consid import safeti standard date updat time occas commiss submit propos council minist direct updat basic safeti standard provid rigor system prior authoris control movement radioact wast origin final destin point accid chernobyl april commun adopt common food control order protect health commun citizen avoid intern trade conflict council regul march provid continu control establish mechan govern progress return normal regul made regard intervent level potenti import radionuclid foodstuff includ babi food dairi procedur liquid foodstuff appli event futur accid set rule forc reckon constitut complet protect system food stuff concern chernobyl accid demonstr provis inform intern nation local level improv major measur commun respect rapid inform system ecuri establish decemb system compat analog system set iaea frame convent earli notif nuclear accid ii direct adopt novemb inform gener public health protect measur event radiolog emerg direct subsequ commun defin content inform provid popul normal circumst case emerg commun undertaken seri measur area public inform includ public distribut handbook brochur video aim media profession public larg import nuclear energi sector public confid maintain enhanc purpos essenti industri oper accept high safeti standard requir widespread public inform credibl sourc nation author util primari role regard euratom treati entitl commiss verifi oper effici environment monitor facil instal member state exercis occasion earli sixti decemb commiss decid resum activ field date visit made philippsburg nuclear power station germani facil control environment radioact luxembourg ministri health programm step consider period inspect equip measur discharg radioact effluent environment monitor carri request member state initi commiss import attach inspect facil site major public concern nuclear instal gener stage obsolet program decommiss futur process continu long nuclear power plant energi product imper satisfactori radiat protect criteria dismantl nuclear instal includ recycl materi restor nuclear site adopt implement matter consider urgenc action aim improv prepared event nuclear accid number commun initi mutual assist case nuclear accid radiolog emerg includ regular meet expert work util resourc event nuclear accid radiolog emerg draft inventori resourc counteract effect occurr type prepar perform specif task meet creat readi network correspond compet author member state provid optimum mutual assist commun aris special effort made field inform educ public radioact radiat protect aspect primari secondari educ pedagog support materi made teacher extend project suitabl train young scientist medic personnel worker deal ioniz radiat continu plai import role radiat protect support action present consider includ train brochur transport worker transport radioact materi wast videotap gener practition graduat medic student radiat protect radiodiagnosi inform brochur dentist final field manag radioact wast number signal time initi work commun wide strategi embrac type radioact wast includ industri sanitari wast gener nuclear fuel cycl strategi overrid goal assur protect environ worker popul includ futur gener preparatori work consider exist commun instrument implic intern market manag radioact wast kei element strateg plan commun direct modifi basic safeti standard radiat protect cover transfer radioact wast direct advanc state prepar extend radioact wast exist commun provis shipment hazard wast propos discuss movement radioact wast submit rigor system authoris control origin final destin tabl object target measur appli remaind decad summari commun continu improv standard nuclear safeti radiat protect order maintain excel record essenti complement commun continu contribut mitig consequ chernobyl accid upgrad safeti nuclear instal countri soviet union central eastern europ aspect dealt fulli chapter deal intern oper civil protect environment emerg period programm aspect commun activ step practic contribut creation peopl europ importantli reflect polit econom develop commun aspect determin choic prioriti area firstli improv gener state readi oper capac civil protect servic purpos secur human safeti event natur technolog disast improv emerg respons face grow risk aris larg industri concentr product storag transport toxic hazard substanc wast addit special intensifi intern oper improv respons mechan case grave environment catastrophi forest fire oil spill scale exce capac singl state respond effect tabl nuclear safeti object target measur time frame actor upgrad safeti measur updat exist commun basic safeti standard icrp recommend amend direct euratom ec ms bss date scientif develop latest icrp recommend ongo ec ms harmonis commun nuclear safeti requir extend commun safeti cultur countri soviet union central eastern europ develop implement council decis juli technic assist programm extend coordin includ countri soviet union ongo ec ms ec ms industri ec intern framework convent activ support iaea preparatori work ec iaea verif monitor instal articl euratom treati reactiv treati provis defin verif object goal implement ongo ec ec ms strategi wast manag complet bss includ transfer radioact wast strateg manag plan radioact wast supplement amend direct euratom establish adopt implement strateg plan ec ms ec ms industri enhanc public inform educ radiat protect educ primari secondari school improv qualiti public inform handbook teacher brochur video stand confer health safeti nuclear ag prepar public journalist guid nuclear power ongo ongo ec ms idem ec ec recommend harmonis approach public inform indoor radon exposur ec adequ train radiat protect improv qualiti ionis profession group cours field radiat protect nuclear safeti ec oper term press ahead improv refin mutual assist procedur arrang respect natur technolog catastrophi includ accident pollut optimis intervent case emerg catastrophi countri requir improv coordin effort member state commun increas oper pertin intern organis imo unep undro satisfactori mobil personnel materi resourc achiev establish task forc respond type emerg increas rang qualiti train cours simul exercis improv inform commun system rapid effici transmiss inform instruct decis kei player emerg situat commun commiss act facilit continu develop improv present inform network oper procedur renew effort made matter public awar educ design month period june european year civil protect offer import time boost regard activ launch anticip year continu systemat year un intern decad prevent natur catastrophi close chapter broaden rang instrument princip strength european commun distinct intern institut unit nation agenc oecd legisl bodi act legisl capac measur bind constitu member state action programm commun activ predominantli form council direct regul great major measur adopt design respond identifi problem appli control process activ notabl except measur environment impact assess protect wild fauna flora access environment inform direct serv dual purpos protect environ elimin distort competit intern market consequ legisl activ commun constitu member state achiev signific degre success threat public health environ underst bodi law young complet solid foundat step requir undertaken year ahead continu legisl measur commun level respect establish fundament level environment care protect commun commit wider intern agreement common standard control deem expedi preserv integr intern market feasibl adopt direct regul thou shalt act sustain manner broad scope present dai environ issu threat biospher pose current trend polit econom social life imper focu environ base problem manner essenti root problem human activ human valu relat environ natur resourc human behaviour consumpt pattern order bring substanti current trend practic involv sector societi spirit share respons broader mix instrument develop appli environment polici rest main set instrument regulatori instrument market base instrument includ econom fiscal instrument voluntari agreement horizont support instrument research inform educ financi support mechan element import creation extend packag fuller list object target time frame relev actor set end chapter tabl improv environment data satisfactori guardianship environ concept polici adopt applic de facto measur ultim assur quantiti qualiti relev inform good knowledg understand fundament law govern perform evolutionari process natur influenc natur phenomena human intervent indispens knowledg natur natur process limit ongo scientif debat greenhous effect consequ offer strike work prepar report state environ publish concurr programm hightlight lacuna defici environment inform commun member state member state number institut organis involv data collect analysi differ nomenclatur criteria methodolog interpret milit compat compar nation region commun level lack base line data statist indic quantit qualit materi requir assess environment condit trend determin adjust public polici underpin financi invest complet absenc precis quantit data human intervent influenc environ need meaning model exercis optimis polici larg scale invest decis inform process present suitabl form potenti end user administr enterpris gener public account level sophist simplif requir fact type decis requir type level inform light forego bear mind relationship good decis good inform imper programm high level prioriti assign fill current gap base line data environ improv compat compar transpar standardis scientif technic aspect inform retriev collat interpret optimis us data obtain administr busi level geograph region level exploit strengthen experi capac european statist system deliv environment relev statist regular basi compar link tradit offici statist econom social field increas frequenc improv qualiti state environ report local region nation commun level european environ agenc essenti tool improv environment inform demand combin effort part relev bodi level administr work effect partnership background decid establish european agenc environ european environ inform observ network task assign agenc suppli concern commun environ polici commun institut member state reliabl inform compar european territori inform describ qualiti sensit environ pressur bear agenc oper conjunct eurostat amp arm commiss rôle european environ agenc crucial relat evalu dissemin inform distinct real perceiv risk provis scientif ration basi decis action affect environ natur resourc imper agenc fulli oper matter consider urgenc scientif research technolog develop govern enterpris consum repres essenti econom player decis benefit impact environ rang option brought plai reli heavili success identifi effect relationship find scientif technolog solut chapter recognis ultim limit factor econom social develop toler level natur environ concept environment toler resili risk impact essenti formul polici defin util understand fundament environment process oper kei spatial tempor scale alter human activ sector address programm attent paid opportun improv environ manag natur capit stock exist technolog develop improv consider achiev made develop clean technolog genet engin wealth opportun potenti industri await exploit part field tackl compani region nation level commun part make import contribut matter bio ethic formul promot prioriti research programm exchang data result technolog transfer commun signific involv research develop relat environment problem issu programm environ marin amp includ basic strateg studi global chang impact ecosystem dynam natur technolog risk environment improv cleaner technolog wast manag mitig industri accid risk amp programm biotechnolog agro industri energi industri materi inform technolog work respect environment aspect clear substanti increas coher amp effort requir order address sight cohes effect strategi contain polici action programm essenc ec level amp provid direct support object inter alia provis scientif basi evalu state environ improv earli warn environment problem impli develop environment baselin indic advanc monitor assess system improv understand basic environment process impact human activ long term strateg research requir elucid global chang impact defin condit environment sustain develop develop sound basi regulatori market relat instrument compris essenti pre norm amp public health safeti environment risk impact assess environment audit chemic control develop applic techniqu prevent reduct mitig environment impact includ advanc environment biotechnolog materi cleaner process improv wast manag prevent industri accid work area direct primarili target sector identifi chapter final relationship linkag environment polici support amp substanti strengthen order ensur maximum gain amp activ improv inform flow feedback amp polici formul requir adapt approach amp enabl respond directli flexibl chang polici requir reciproc import devis mechan polici formul implement respond scientif knowledg technolog capabl sector spatial plan sound land structur plan provid framework ground rule socio econom develop ecolog health countri region local endeavour achiev sustain plan function public author respons vest ensur optimis mix industri energi transport human habit leisur tourism ancillari servic support infrastructur consist carri capac environ integr plan kind import element drive econom social cohes commun achiev mix requir area circumst popul level demand advanc level plan ordin member state establish appropri comprehens plan develop environment protect framework call applic principl subsidiar decis make level member state commun level nation region econom develop plan global issu question level natur geograph region unit region develop pollut river basin involv inter urban transport local level issu limit geograph impact commun land structur plan gener identifi sequenc start nation region econom plan end local physic develop environment protect plan sequenc princip compon upstream polici plan includ control principl statement intent downstream programm project form basi action goal achiev sustain develop logic essenti appli assess environment implic relev polici plan programm integr environment assess macro plan process enhanc protect environ encourag optimis resourc manag reduc dispar intern inter region competit develop project present aris dispar assess practic member state final pursuanc commit integr polici commiss member state undertaken maastricht summit full account environment impact principl sustain develop formul implement measur econom approach price environment asset difficult measur monetari term case import rare element price event valuat price account mechan pivot role plai achiev sustain develop econom valuat econom agent environment impact account invest consumpt decis market forc relev price reflect full cost societi product consumpt includ environment cost measur requir order determin environment cost view environment effect price mechan evalu natur environment resourc stock member state econom term develop renew resourc indic member state case region show rate natur resourc renew includ avail water resourc soil format eros growth harvest forest region fish popul catch extens adapt tradit tool econom statist basi research nation european level includ modif kei econom indic gnp reflect natur environment resourc gener current futur incom account environment loss damag basi assign monetari valu develop meaning cost benefit analysi methodolog guidelin respect polici measur action imping environ natur resourc stock redefinit account concept rule convent methodolog ensur consumpt environment resourc account part full cost product reflect market price measur includ check control ensur market transpar fair competit maintain improv enterpris awar environment issu ensur environment expens risk account facilit stewardship function account environment topic enterpris disclos annual report detail environment polici activ effect thereof disclos account expens environment programm requir clear definit expens make provis account environment risk futur environment expens econom fiscal incent order price creat market base incent environment friendli econom behaviour econom fiscal instrument constitut increasingli import part approach fundament aim instrument intern extern environment cost incur life cycl product sourc product distribut final dispos environment friendli product competit disadvantag market place vi vi product pollut wast respect option price approach relat quantiti commun member state engag import studi extent option tradeabl permit util control reduc quantiti increas import ensur rang instrument appli cost effect avoid unnecessari adjust cost economi commun minimis advers distribut consequ achiev optimum environment benefit develop instrument import potenti impact local wider environ econom effici region impact import categori econom instrument consist charg levi understood instanc field water pollut develop past primarili creat fund clean oper infrastructur water treatment instal remain import similar purpos wast dispos line pollut pai principl charg progress reorient discourag pollut sourc encourag clean product process market signal respons charg levi emiss stationari sourc tradition task nation local author charg widespread real environment impact consequ gener greater financi incom intervent commun level ensur charg system design transpar compar ensur distort competit commun avoid case water air pollut emiss discharg mobil sourc concern categori fiscal incent exert consider influenc pattern consumpt behaviour environment consider account fiscal area commun readi exampl includ differenti duti appli member state case unlead lead petrol propos council direct excis duti motor fuel agricultur sourc energi carbon tax envisag commiss commun commun strategi limit carbon dioxid emiss improv energi effici evolut encourag period cover programm view modernis ration fiscal system render respons protect natur resourc base environ regard wide accept econom effici tax activ damag econom resourc structur includ environ reduc burden tax neg effect employ invest care avoid increas burden taxat state aid involv direct indirect subvent system form categori econom instrument commiss adopt framework environment state aid order guarante orderli system commun compat pollut pai principl framework updat consider grow import subsidi type environment expenditur ensur integr intern market fiscal deduct encourag invest environment equip clean product process constitut categori state aid come increas fiscal incent effect speed introduct clean capit equip encourag facilit critic transit sustain fourth categori market base instrument develop commun environment audit instanc intern manag tool perform resourc manag includ raw materi energi consumpt product level wast highlight area risk perform risk prevent manag audit level safeti health work place sharehold investor financi insur institut resourc base audit provid perform indic import tradit financi account public author public larg environment audit provid complianc perform indic provid boost public confid lastli integr commun approach environment liabil establish concept share respons import dual aspect hand import share respons prevent damag environ hand protect common interest environ make damag environ occur properli remedi restor liabil essenti tool resort punish despoil environ addit line object prevent sourc provid clear econom incent manag control risk pollut wast public inform educ success drive sustain depend consider extent decis action influenc gener public survei show high increas level environment awar gener public public consider lack essenti inform addit access environment inform council direct eec due forc decemb involv assess environment effect major project essenti citizen enabl particip process set condit oper licens integr pollut control facilit judg actual perform public privat enterpris access inventori emiss discharg wast environment audit gener inform comprehens strategi requir inform public larg social econom partner region local author government organis object target commun environ polici respect respons potenti contribut strategi provid creation structur facilit particip citizen actor commiss action field structur set region local level take account experi exist network centr rural inform local urban initi centr individu consum make fulli inform ration choic product inform provid cover relev aspect perform reliabl energi effici durabl run cost inform neutral form support effect depend guarante commun wide eco label make contribut respect requir develop short medium term combin global approach consum safeti environment protect import educ develop environment awar overst integr element school curricula primari level onward start point joint action european commun member state field environment educ resolut environment educ council minist educ meet council resolut state inter alia object environment educ increas public awar problem field solut lai foundat fulli inform activ particip individu protect environ prudent ration natur resourc programm call speed substant implement resolut prejudic member state prerog field educ environment studi separ integr natur social scienc studi amalgam studi prepar everydai life civic polit industri relat hygien health care includ primari secondari school curricula year latest list formal examin option date order work goal initi delai establish univers cours summer school teacher train programm public develop environment literatur teach aid profession educ train current project trend structur technolog chang market suppli demand market competit attribut signific degre user driven market increasingli demand qualiti aspect product servic respons demand dictat level skill manufactur servic sector empir data respect europ close correl proport popul undergo high standard profession vocat educ train region prosper region demand higher qualiti produc good servic region competit wider global market factor indic addit skill train administr manufactur servic industri commun environment intern market object met specif skill train requir emerg studi fast programm made commun includ public sector polici structur project decis make manag manag water resourc energi conserv wast dispos public institut hospit power station public offic plant machineri monitor standard adher legisl oper condit level pollut oper sewag plant wast water treatment facil environment impact assess privat sector addit skill train requir level manageri oper includ manufactur industri research develop process manag energi effici exploit biotechnolog prevent reus recycl safe dispos wast contain rehabilit contamin site transport oper vehicl mainten fuel conserv agricultur horticultur forestri natur conserv manag ecolog sustain farm practic agricultur horticultur advis wast manag integr pest control eros control prevent control fire servic sector environ consult legal technic provis dissemin inform knowledg especi sme environment impact assess environment account audit cleaner effici transport qualiti tourist servic inform term occup includ biologist chemist geologist land surveyor architect land planner civil mechan electr product engin environment technician oper train specialist financi support mechan context sustain develop conserv natur resourc prevent pollut wast effect applic pollut pai principl polici action set programm pai tenaci pursu increas industri econom social effici prosper greater cost wast current practic matter principl financi intervent commun public fund effect diminish fundament respons relev econom actor provid alibi failur integr environment dimens product process choic individu behaviour relev econom sector polici programm fact financi intervent creat misunderstand sustain develop expens cost effici laissez fair approach current prospect financi mechan continu signific input achiev object programm structur polici commun structur fund european region develop fund erdf european social fund esf guidanc element european agricultur guidanc guarante fund eaggf appli commun strenghten econom social cohes benefit poorer region commun major reform oper agre financi resourc assist weaker region increas concentr specif object budget doubl real term repres commun budget fund erdf present make import contribut econom develop direct intervent financ product invest infrastructur intervent consequ environ erdf fund devot environment project risen consider mecu year mecu year present programm price partli consequ envireg commun initi esf support train job creation eaggf intervent rural develop eco farm contribut protect improv environ addit environment expenditur refer commun support framework form contract member state commiss fund manag requir conform environment legisl assess environment impact project model region develop overemphas short term econom growth environment side effect consist goal sustain develop emphasi assess wider implic plan programm project environ sustain develop forthcom review structur polici reform structur fund commun aim promot develop sustain pursuanc articl treati context fund assist develop base intrins strength natur resourc design region gear high qualiti process product impli greater level integr environment dimens fund process environ treat mainstream concern develop process improv coordin synergi fund approach fundament longer term econom social cohes commun case erdf fund assist develop account environment implic member state encourag integr approach take full account environment impact earli stage formul plan programm avoid environment degrad irrevers requir costli correct action futur esf programm stress import attach educ train aspect includ indic profession vocat expertis need effect implement context review conjunct task forc human resourc educ train youth esf give increas support job creation train relat environment activ facilit sustain region develop opportun incent promot respons manag land forest eco system eaggf esf increas common agricultur polici reorient balanc dynam manag rural area commun gener principl appli long term structur cap entitl commun support progress condit exploit agricultur rural resourc environment accept eventu enhanc improv qualiti rural environ countrysid gener final respect structur fund gener integr plan network integr cohes peripher region concern theme pursu framework europ exercis commun financi instrument environ life philosoph concept environment respons sustain develop wide accept remain abstract vast major econom actor administr entrepreneur consum understand expect translat concept everydai action context principl task life lie defin promot model product behaviour line principl sustain develop practic demonstr technic viabil econom effici chosen model action support specif demonstr pilot project horizont inform educ train design influenc econom actor practic exampl strengthen administr structur type action pursu dispar fashion collect small scale financi instrument medspa norspa ac acnat life design achiev effect integr increas effici forego instrument ordin procedur round manag institut cohes fund articl treati european union establish decemb cohes fund make financi contribut project field environ tran european network area transport infrastructur potenti beneficiari greec ireland portug spain natur fund presuppos high level commun intervent cohes fund add dimens econom social cohes effort fund state structur polici region envisag cohes fund financ subject condit firstli project consid deriv origin commun legisl project field environ mean result commun decis impli disproportion cost public author member state question cohes fund poorer member state effect appli commun environment legisl condit prior adopt council econom converg programm implement programm monitor commun context multilater surveil provid articl treati commiss present propos regul establish oper fund european invest bank environment protect constitut import criterion eib project select apprais twenti year formal declar intent environment polici made eib declar environment polici procedur relat econom develop world bank region develop bank unep undp commiss european commun eib member environment committe intern develop institut cidi board governor laid foundat bank polici enabl interven favour environment relat project entir commun bank maintain cooper world bank framework environment programm mediterranean epm result oper mediterranean technic assist programm metap object function catalyst environment invest region opportun increas cooper envisag instanc cofinanc invest envireg oper purpos bank adopt environment definit cover water relat project solid wast dispos air pollut control heritag conserv urban pollut reduc project notwithstand restrict definit sharp increas bank lend member countri recent year rise total lend widen type environment invest cover environment content bank lend vari member state portug franc germani reflect factor bank rang lend possibl countri tabl horizont measur object target action time frame actor improv data improv base line data commun programm environment statist nation statist environ region commun statist eea ec ms ec develop environment indic indic gener progress trend ec ec regular assess qualiti progress nation commun report state environ ms ec inventori pollut emiss discharg wast publish inventori progress ec enterpris scientif research technolog develop consider reinforc invest gener environ energi amp specif programm low carbon technolog biomass renew energi amp programm enterpris ms ec idem extend programm biotechnolog includ integr pest control agricultur idem expand programm clean technolog recycl technolog recycl reusabl materi idem sector spatial plan integr socio econom develop plan integr region develop plan integr transport manag plan integr coastal manag plan integr transport plan environment impact assess plan project level eia appli erdf aim programm project ongo ms la ec ms la ec ms la ec ms la ec ms la ec ms la ec price evalu account evalu environment resourc stock develop renew resourc indic preliminari guidelin link improv data shadow gnp tabl show natur resourc valu ec eea ec ms ms ec modif kei econom indic formal gnp tabl idem cost benefit analysi develop implement coher programm intern extern cost ms industri institut environment account mechan consult profession organis commun guidelin parallel account compani ec account prof bodi ec disclosur environment issu account enterpris instrument consult ms industri profession organis ec direct ec ms industri prof bodi ec ms object target action time frame actor fiscal incent integr environ protect requir fiscal polici promot fiscal incent environ ms ec charg improv transpar charg system review nation local levi charg collat data ms la ec state aid applic pollut pai principl comprehens review state aid environ field ec ms econom market relat instrument environment audit major public privat enterpris direct eco audit eco audit consult ms industri insur institut initi scheme perform bond respect conven licens condit ec ms account ec ms la enterpris ms la insur compani integr liabil joint respons direct civil liabil damag caus wast discuss document civil liabil joint respons system adopt ec regul ec ms ec ec ms deposit refund system progress implement report progress effect ongo ms enterpris ec ms public inform educ improv level gener inform specif inform campaign select theme public access environ info regular state environ report wast energi consumpt transport decid environ polici review group la ms ec la ms ec ms public util improv consum inform ecolog label integr environment consum safeti label ec ms ec ms standard institut integr environ primari secondari school curricula report current situat propos develop programm pedagog research adopt gener guidelin prepar book teach aid train teacher integr school curricula programm seminar summer school colloqu annual updat progress ongo ec ms educ inst ec ms enterpris educ inst ms ms educ inst ec profession educ train integr environment studi repres proport level institut report current situat sector incorpor environ studi idem environ faculti idem ec nation educ inst idem object target action time frame actor continu vocat train programm technician machin oper agronomist forest worker trainer pedagog research prepar book teach aid educ inst enterpris profession train cours seminar workshop planner account auditor ordin profession institut develop guidelin procedur ec prof bodi ongo programm cours seminar polici planner transport manag agricultur advis tourism oper idem idem idem financi support mechan full integr environment dimens disburs structur fund effect ratif treati account environment impact ms la ec feoga aid orient favour sustain integr farm rural develop progress orient price incom support land manag contract rural develop programm forest develop programm progress idem ec ms ec idem forest enterpris ms ec life develop booster mechan effect implement environ polici initi life comprehens review extens ec ms idem cohes fund special boost air wast water wast treatment ec ms la financi support mechan assist sme comprehens survei difficulti comprehens review state aid environ field ec ms industri organis ec chapter subsidiar share respons principl subsidiar place promin gener applic treati european union articl refer process creat closer union peopl europ decis close citizen basi articl treati commun action accord principl subsidiar object propos action suffici achiev member state reason scale effect propos action achiev commun draw programm attempt made translat principl subsidiar oper term object target put forward programm ultim goal sustain develop achiev concert action part relev actor work partnership programm combin principl subsidiar wider concept share respons concept involv choic action level excus mix actor instrument level call question divis compet commun member state region local author target problem emphasi actor instrument lie commun nation region govern level region local sector level level enterpris gener public consum practic applic principl subsidiar share respons involv respect current articl propos articl stipul prejudic measur commun natur member state financ implement environ polici tabl repres attempt complementar action level framework subsidiar share respons tabl programm actor column actor consid relev implement specif measur chapter implement enforc satisfactori implement enforc polici strategi measur set programm level societi imper object environment protect sustain socio econom activ develop integr intern market achiev ultim measur design facilit sustain develop involv econom actor applic broad rang instrument enforc forese futur likelihood effect implement close relat qualiti measur arrang enforc past number factor contribut problem implement includ lack polici coher partli due evolv shift agenda scope environment polici grew partli environment legisl develop ad hoc manner narrow choic instrument great relianc regul command control type unanim agreement council minist frequent necessit polit compromis result case measur difficult put practic oper preponder recours direct form legal instrument rise difficulti incorpor wide differ nation statutori code administr procedur consequenti problem interpret practic implement manag inadequaci administr level commun local author import learn past experi step improv aspect polici reform requir prepar measur includ improv consult arrang effect integr complementari measur practic follow legisl measur administr oper stricter complianc check enforc order institut reform intend establish ad hoc dialogu group consult forum establish provid consult inform exchang industri product sector busi world region local author profession associ trade union environment consum organis relev director gener commiss envisag forum act umbrella organis specialist subgroup set deal specif topic issu common interest move sustain increas level awar consensu applic share respons underlin import forum ii implement network compris repres relev nation author commiss field practic implement commun measur aim primarili exchang inform experi develop common approach practic level supervis commiss prejudic specif respons prerog commiss regard implement enforc articl treati network promot consist practic applic commun polici rule member state involv inter alia exchang inform technic develop complianc initi precautionari action member state avail network expertis assist advic local nation complianc mechan audit report arrang iii environ polici review group compris repres commiss member state director gener level establish develop mutual understand exchang view environment polici measur model committe director gener industri oper effect number year past essenti purpos fill gap result fact commun commiss member state environ issu larg confin deliber specif propos council exchang relat infring proceed dialogu group serv special promot greater sens respons princip actor partenariat ensur effect transpar applic measur intend duplic work committe establish commun legisl purpos follow respect specif measur commiss relat specif field interest consum protect tourism develop member state implement enforc polici nation level final substitut exist dialogu industri commiss intend strengthen event practic reform undertaken improv legisl care choic prepar instrument legisl approach choic step essenti role plai longer term relev legisl measur standard benefit prior consult consult forum finalis content subject enforc assess environment legisl incorpor specif enforc provis notabl standard prescrib practic follow legisl term train programm seminar workshop implement direct adopt commun level transpos nation legisl time frame decid council clean programm monitor plan agre council put place conform time frame adopt member state establish enforc bodi procedur ensur full equal complianc legisl authoris requir report requir direct regul recent ration composit direct report assidu adher implic rel competit firm intern market purpos appli pollut pai principl comprehens review fine penalti appli part commun carri end optimum transpar implement legisl authoris emiss environ assur integr polici pursuanc treati articl object sustain develop environment dimens fulli incorpor commun polici assess implic environ made draw commun polici legisl special care area intern market intern trade industri energi agricultur transport region develop tourism member state undertak similar integr appli environment impact assess plan programm complianc ec nation legisl result damag environ properti physic financi sens creat distort competit enterpris context provis articl treati regard action european court event complianc includ possibl impos lump sum penalti payment import incent correct effect involv public access environment inform direct eec public enabl particip fulli decis make process construct authoris oper permit emiss discharg licenc direct interest qualiti live environ addit provid import spur good perform compani area employe manag principl appli inform dispos commun institut access effici complaint facil develop local region nation level improv confid public compet author industri busi establish context complaint consid nuisanc resourc indic enforc agenc amiss compet author touch realiti situat geograph remot posit monitor continu basi individu public interest group practic access court order ensur legitim interest protect prescrib environment measur effect enforc illeg practic stop environment liabil commiss propos direct regard civil liabil damag environ caus wast practic commun establish mechan damag environ restor person bodi respons damag incur care pollut pai principl fulli respect author environment damag readili identifi instanc case pollut diffus sourc mechanism liabil share devis involv european environ agenc term institut regul issu agenc rôle monitor implement commun measur postpon decis context review conduct year oper gener environment data bodi charg ensur qualiti compar data produc state environ report agenc kei rôle plai area implement enforc event report implement final commiss continu provid report council european parliament gener public extent qualiti implement enforc commun quantiti qualiti inform improv consequ improv report member state avail depend data european environ agenc potenti experi observ propos network practic implement commun measur report serv perform indic incent mechan gener improv implement enforc part ii commun rôle wider intern arena introduct earli stage commun polici action environ focuss solut acut problem commun clearer recognit pollut stop frontier intensifi region intern oper combat transboundari pollut recent time evolut step gener accept problem global natur threaten ecolog balanc planet global issu relat environ natur resourc import run import determin wai intern relat develop econom polit secur term appreci formal recogn articl treati european union includ commun environ polici object promot measur intern level deal region world wide environ problem scale scope natur environment natur resourc problem todai due unpreced level socio econom develop present centuri period end world war ii world histori steepest growth curv centuri world popul tripl fifth growth place year popul level expect doubl modest improv live standard ten fold increas econom activ touch kei sector notabl energi transport industri construct agricultur trend pose threat nation econom potenti citizen health intern polit secur case global warm exist dublin declar european council stress special respons commun constitu member state encourag particip intern action combat global environ problem state commun effect posit moral econom polit author advanc intern effort solv global problem promot sustain develop respect global common chapter environment threat issu global issu major problem increas global concern call coher effect respons matter urgenc climat chang emiss human activ dramat increas atmospher concentr greenhous gase carbon dioxid methan nitrou oxid notwithstand scientif uncertainti expert agre composit earth atmospher result process global warm risk rais sea level climat disturb drought desertif enorm implic social econom life ozon layer deplet broad scientif consensu emerg man made chemic cfc respons destruct stratospher ozon layer protect earth surfac ultraviolet radiat area comprehens remedi strategi includ legal financi measur develop situat appear grave previous thought scientif evid publish decemb unep deplet ozon layer part globe hitherto believ biodivers loss biodivers subject increas pressur due disrupt ecosystem destruct habitat estim speci lost dai ecolog implic eros earth biolog heritag econom effect potenti develop product food medicin undermin anim plant speci disappear deforest deforest level caus increas alarm tropic subtrop rain forest area offici fao data deforest progress rate million hectar annum trend aggrav global environment problem role forest plai sink reservoir biolog divers addit million nativ inhabit forest area depend natur surround food fuel furnitur cloth problem region local concern atmospher pollut deterior marin environ soil eros desertif unsound manag dispos hazard wast toxic chemic industri risk rapid urban growth degrad freshwat resourc pose grave problem challeng face part world sustain ecolog sound develop achiev scale extent problem vari econom demograph situat region countri oecd countri oecd countri progress achiev combat specif type pollut environment degrad outstand issu urgent address respect commun preced chapter clear main challeng countri face effect substanti chang consumpt pattern reduc share world natur resourc time ensur steadi improv qualiti life central eastern europ part central eastern europ environment degrad extrem sever past socio econom structur polici inculc centralis plan absenc public particip contribut emerg situat character ineffici wast practic high pollut level develop countri develop countri environment problem soil degrad desertif destruct habitat exploit natur resourc deterior human settlement degrad fresh water resourc rank develop nation press environment problem popul pressur poverti kei factor emerg unsustain develop pattern countri popul growth place burgeon demand fragil resourc base provis basic adequ diet potabl water energi shelter materi good time dire econom posit find forc countri adopt short term ecolog harm strategi endeavour increas foreign exchang revenu need servic lack adequ institut regulatori control combin limit avail technic human financi resourc exacerb local region difficulti problem chapter intern oper singl nation group nation provid effect solut problem essenti secur high degre intern cooper mutual understand nation group nation world commun real chanc find sustain solut achiev intergener intragener equiti environment term econom polit past twenti year commun plai import part intern action field environ commun contract parti convent intern agreement activ support work intern region institut unep ec oecd council europ pursuanc oblig treati amend singl european act articl treati european union commun involv intern environment action step period cover programm commun posit major issu climat chang commun commit stabilis emiss level year reduct basi posit ongo negoti draft framework global convent climat chang elabor complementari protocol defin specif global target commit carbon emiss sink forest basi framework acceler convent set ultim global object stabil greenhous ga concentr level prevent danger anthropogen interfer global climat time frame suffici ecosystem adapt natur account common differenti respons parti recogn manner implement commit depend level develop greenhous ga emiss commun contract parti vienna convent protect ozon layer montreal protocol substanc deplet ozon layer commun decid introduc unilater control measur sever protocol view scientif evid commun support bring forward phase schedul agre june urg parti montreal protocol adopt stringent measur line commun regul convent adopt biolog divers unc recogn conserv biolog divers benefit present futur gener common respons mankind ensur protect level genet divers speci order maintain evolut potenti divers speci lastli varieti ecosystem found situ conserv regard complement situ conserv substitut convent biolog divers address question access biogenet resourc control biotechnolog risk envisag declar unc manag develop forest temper boreal tropic incorpor commit conclud intern convent forest earliest time addit activ particip itto gatt order address issu intern trade tropic timber view reconcil environment imper legitim trade activ meantim assist forestri sector requir oper coordin revamp tropic forestri action plan emphasi countri driven donor driven approach countri plan manag forest resourc sustain conform mandat european council econom summit commiss launch pilot project conserv largest tropic forest world except initi commiss particip brazilian govern world bank involv total amount million dollar enabl commun adopt posit stanc run unc confer rio june hope result programm successfulli appli region prioriti issu major intern import commun process formal adopt regul bring legisl line exist prior inform consent procedur case intern trade toxic chemic pesticid elabor legal bind intern agreement aim upgrad statu unep london guidelin exchang inform chemic intern trade fao code conduct distribut pesticid mark major step forward establish prior inform consent procedur reduc risk intern trade genet modifi organ highli desir hazard wast effort direct ensur widest applic provis basl convent adopt specif protocol convent liabil compens time export hazard wast countri facil treat dispos wast stringent condit appli countri origin ban accord lomé convent relev region convent commun strengthen involv relev initi protect region sea intern water cours addit particip exist agreement protect mediterranean north sea commun intend contract parti helsinki convent protect marin environ baltic sea area particip negoti elebor framework convent protect transboundari water cours intern lake number agreement european river basin includ danub basin convent elb sign european commun germani czech slovak feder republ oder sign shortli commun activ support medspa programm environment programm mediterranean launch jointli world bank eib plan good interinstitut oper protect environ extend region global partnership ongo negoti global environment issu increasingli demonstr joint effort industrialis develop countri requir establish execut coher effect strategi respond challeng scientif technolog oper strengthen order reinforc endogen technic capac flow technolog acceler activ involv relev actor busi commun high prioriti attach creation addit financi resourc cover supplementari cost fall develop countri consequ internation agre measur protect global environ conclus unc decemb environ council recognis addit financi resourc need assist develop countri deal global environment extern stress global environment facil gef plai lead role multilater financi mechan resolut environment problem global signific develop countri structur procedur develop adjust account particip partner commun parti gef order optim effici applic commun fund commit global environ relat project recent experi shown trade environ relat issu increasingli import environment polici strategi strengthen extend nation intern level background essenti acceler dialogu interlinkag environment trade polici relev intern fora gatt dialogu main prioriti post uruguai round agenda recogn unilater trade instrument environment purpos avoid principl focu role intern trade promot sustain develop region oper import strengthen region cooper tackl specif transboundari problem introduct environment consider region oper instrument establish effect enforc legal agreement need prevent transposit environment problem transfer pollut countri neighbour high prioriti attach adopt effect rule manag protect share environment resourc prevent detriment transboundari impact agreement civil liabil compens environment damag context commun activ support region initi area ec council europ particip convent environment impact assess transboundari context negoti prevent control transboundari effect industri accid deliber civil liabil damag result activ danger environ institut issu solut emerg environment challeng requir improv strengthen exist intern institut unep enhanc coordin ensur optimum resourc emphasi put achiev scientif understand ecolog process improv collect dissemin environment inform view provid sound basi intern action field end possibl creat intern network environment agenc consid final rapid develop intern environ law place past decad match effort implement exist convent agreement reason essenti establish mechan monitor complianc region intern environment agreement question relat prevent settlement environment disput address ensur particip relev intern actor chapter bilater oper environment concern reflect bilater oper link establish commun partner world oper industrialis countri view achiev coordin environment polici effect respons common environment challeng steadili increas activ particip work carri oecd time exist mechan consult exchang inform environment issu commun major industrialis partner usa canada japan australia substanti reinforc pan european context agreement european econom area call progress converg environment polici commun efta countri converg progress reflect intern fora posit adopt group countri reflect similar concern object environment oper industrialis countri reinforc extend import achiev closer converg environment polici measur signific impact competit posit industri essenti avoid implement involv environ polici detriment effect competit countri group countri vi vi industrialis partner clear prioriti attach reinforc environment oper develop central eastern european countri view extrem sever environment situat countri confront develop countri commun commit assist develop countri address increasingli grave environment problem face achiev sustain develop present commun member state contribut total offici develop assist repres gdp percentag fund provid usa japan commun member state continu intensifi effort addit financi resourc requir promot develop countri particip measur aim solut global environment problem increas offici develop aid mobilis financi resourc privat financ sustain environment sound develop programm project commun member state reaffirm decemb commit reach accept target gnp oversea develop aid order assist develop countri implement sustain develop polici nation level coordin commun aid individu bilater programm member state strengthen time ensur coher effect respons partner commun work closer coordin long term aid program belief partner face conflict advic prioriti administr procedur donor agenc europ coordin extend multin donor institut african caribbean pacif acp countri commun level signific effort undertaken past year increas resourc oper develop countri make concession comprehens oper relationship acp countri establish environment protect sustain develop plai increasingli import part relationship issu core lomé iv convent sign decemb effect septemb convent stress develop base sustain balanc econom object ration manag environ enhanc natur human resourc prioriti environment protect conserv natur resourc essenti condit sustain balanc develop econom human viewpoint oper entail mutual respons preserv natur heritag specif titl convent list main principl prioriti acp ec environment oper includ provis screen project programm environment impact furnish adequ inform pesticid toxic chemic measur prohibit export radioact hazard wast commun acp state financi resourc commun make acp partner context lomé iv convent mecu part form subvent phase period year project combat desertif financ amount mecu add project manag marin resourc promot renew energi similar intervent assess indic programm lomé iv expect amount mecu annum alloc environment programm asian latin american ala countri evolut environment dimens lomé convent parallel evolut polici orient govern oper ala countri guidelin establish begin environment protect list prioriti area oper total amount technic financi oper ala countri mecu period alloc environment project guidelin stress integr environment evalu develop process aim ensur long term protect natur resourc base sustain develop commun mediterranean countri similarli renew polici orient respect oper commun mediterranean countri period forese reinforc region oper field environ region project area fight marin pollut manag coastal area implement mean horizont oper bilater agreement import part mediterranean horizont alloc mecu devot environment project includ demonstr train project eib expect alloc mecu loan region cover entir rang project propos includ environment project refer addit environment protect main prioriti alloc fund bilater financi protocol mecu budgetari appropri mecu eib loan medspa environment fund programm enabl expenditur technic assist commun mediterranean countri contribut area element compris coher set financi instrument significantli contribut implement commit object agre riparian state commun eib world bank adopt nicosia charter question prioriti set prioriti cooper field environ acp ala mediterranean partner result bilater dialogu take account specif prioriti countri clear environment oper work effect emphasi put institut build improv endogen technic capac develop countri programm assist success recipi countri lack skill manag organiz abil formul implement environment protect sustain develop polici reinforc scientif technolog oper develop countri vital import exist programm joint research train environ develop field continu extend alloc fund choic project high prioriti accord program crucial develop process energi effici develop renew energi sourc combat revers land degrad desertif deforest protect manag fresh water resourc final commun establish environment safeguard programm project level recogn inter alia lomé iv convent resolut environ develop adopt develop council central eastern europ cee moment polit central eastern europ major impact intern polit agenda environment issu featur high list prioriti discuss improv environment standard protect human health qualiti life highlight democrat govern prioriti address parallel process econom reform liber environment degrad cee region sever area damag incur irrevers extent type degrad vari countri countri region region common problem prevail problem includ extens acid rain damag forest polish forest affect poison complet river system water vistula unfit industri perman high risk industri accid nuclear chemic field problem region transboundari dimens vistula basin cover east european countri elb cross czech slovak feder republ germani danub basin cover southern countri pollut spread baltic north sea black sea figur rel impact deposit nox europ result emiss europ import take pan european view case deposit deduc figur project deposit basi stringent scenario ec acidif expect reduct central eastern european countri base present undertak associ agreement decemb commun conclud associ agreement poland czech slovak feder republ hungari provid long term framework relat commun countri develop includ environment oper similar agreement roumania bulgaria negoti trade oper agreement baltic state albania environment provis prepar phare environ sector strategi region programm begin environment protect integr part commun phare programm assist econom reform central eastern europ origin gear poland hungari programm includ czech slovak feder republ roumania yugoslavia bulgaria phare environ programm launch poland million ecu hungari million ecu czech slovak republ million ecu gdr million ecu programm compris larg number project activ phare financ technic assist team set respect environ ministri assist programm prepar implement experi phare programm base larg project shop list underlin strateg approach environment problem region environ sector strategi cee cover year period prepar commiss endors environ work group environ minist meet dobri castl june strategi identifi number polici object prioriti includ public awar build strengthen expans institut polici regulatori framework transfer inform technolog strategi foundat phare environ programm poland million ecu hungari million ecu roumania million ecu bulgaria million ecu czech slovak feder republ million ecu view transboundari natur environment problem region environ programm phare commun contribut million ecu launch programm includ initi danub basin black triangl extens corin activ cee report state environ europ appli research nuclear safeti radiat protect phare environ programm million ecu alloc budget region nuclear safeti programm technic assist programm ussr countri includ energi sector programm million ecu manag safeti nuclear instal wide rang possibl offer recent oper agreement ussr countri nuclear safeti european energi charter consequenti protocol futur task face govern mountain substant last progress assist commun period cover current environ sector strategi major polici determin institut regulatori framework capabl strengthen link environment econom reform reinforc financi invest need reduc pollut critic load level move sustain natur resourc cee requir resourc phare programm move year increasingli privat public sector cee countri assum respons gener requir invest need reduc pollut sourc requir fundament price polici substanti invest equip technolog complet closur worst pollut product unit extens credit forward lend polici part nation intern bank institut call context role recent establish european bank reconstruct develop ebrd crucial ebrd launch lend programm environ sector cee tabl intern environment issu object target measur requir principl actor preserv global biodivers deterior ecosystem habitat maintain divers speci speci global convent biodivers nation region strategi biodivers prevent approach eia inventori protect forest wetland speci rich ecosystem increas technic financi assist develop countri valuat biolog resourc intern commun countri ec ms industri countri includ ec idem object target measur requir principl actor object target measur requir principl actor control global warm stabilis emiss level limit reduct ch emiss increas energi effienc global climat chang convent protocol emiss reduct protocol limit ch emiss intern commun protect enhanc greenhous gase reservoir sink increas technic financi assist develop cee countri nation region strategi includ inventori greenhous gase sink increas energi effienc promot renew sourc energi econom fiscal incent individu state region includ ec ms protect ozon layer phase product cfc halon carbontetrachlorid trichlorethan full implement montreal protocol incl technic financi assist review scientif data respons ec regul intern commun idem ec ms protect forest mainten reinstat forest level substanti reafforest programm tropic temper boreal forest area integr protect sustain manag forest area global agreement protect develop manag forest implement forest provis global convent biodivers climat chang itto target timber trade reduc timber consumpt includ promot recycl paper board restructur relev intern organis itto tfap unep nation strategi promot enhanc protect forest final pilot programm brazilian rain forest extens forest area increas technic financi assist develop countri monitor global forest coverag includ remot sens intern commun itto idem produc import countri itto ec gatt idem intern commun countri brazil ec world bank countri intern commun ec idem object target measur requir principl actor object target measur requir principl actor promot sustain develop relief pressur environ develop countri result popul growth poverti integr environment object criteria macro econom reform programm solut critic problem develop process develop countri central eastern europ energi demand suppli land degrad desertif water resourc adopt implement agenda effect implement provis sustain develop lomé iv effect implement environment guidelin oper ec ala countri effect implement nicosia charter phare nation region programm increas technic financi assist develop countri formul implement nation region programm sustain develop unc particip ec acp ec ala mediterranean countri ec eib map world bank intern commun ec world bank eib multin compani financi institut research technolog bodi institut strengthen financi resourc scientif technic transfer cooper assist increas public health environment awar govern local region author corpor decis maker gener public code conduct enterpris invest environment clean central plan countri intern commun individu countri ngo intern commun ec ms enterpris intern commun ec phare world bank eib berd financi institut chapter unc unit nation confer environ develop confer stockholm creat awar concern environ broad intern level confer rio de janeiro bring global polit commit effect action dimens basic aim confer elabor strategi measur halt revers effect environment degrad promot sustain environment sound develop countri mark transit model develop exclus aim promot econom growth model environment protect ration manag natur resourc board integr compon develop pattern commun member state activ particip unc preparatori process octob commiss tabl commun council common platform guidelin commun unc propos basic orient guid commun stanc confer commun provid basi adopt council conclus decemb unc stress sustain develop import countri present state economi special respons develop countri pursu sustain assist countri fair construct partnership base mutual trust equiti make progress direct expect adopt framework convent climat chang biodivers statement principl conserv develop forest includ commit conclud legal bind instrument earliest time unc output includ kei element earth charter declar basic right oblig respect environ develop agenda action agenda constitut agre work programm intern commun period st centuri clear outcom unc deepli influenc commun action polici object year implement principl measur agre confer requir reassess commun intern polici conform dublin declar commun continu effort promot intern action protect environ meet specif requir partner develop world central eastern europ case link acp countri commun lomé convent unc process deepen joint reflect futur programm promot mutual prioriti matter protect conserv environ intern extern dimens commun environ polici inextric link aspect duli integr build coher effect respons complex problem unc agenda remain uncertainti extent depth environment damag inflict planet overwhelm evid threat risk pose current trend consumpt behaviour great justifi part iii prioriti cost review chapter select prioriti programm polici strategi design chang current trend specif action base principl subsidiar concept share respons question select prioriti choic critic path case long term object appli transport energi sector step matter prioriti order produc desir result extend time frame case involv interact public privat sector determin rule establish guidelin prerequisit action indic time frame prioriti common field action horizont measur order chang pattern consumpt behaviour societi make compat concept sustain strike balanc perceiv short term benefit individu person bodi long term benefit societi regulatori approach continu import function achiev desir balanc addit complementari measur end horizont measur accord prioriti improv data basic inform trend indic price internalis extern cost valuat cost mechan cost benefit analysi econom fiscal incent environment audit civil liabil inform educ train econom actor includ polici maker planner manag worker consum full integr environ polici strict implement enforc prioriti field action endeavour move sustain balanc human activ socio econom develop resourc regen capac natur prioriti accord field action sustain manag natur resourc soil water natur area coastal zone integr pollut control prevent manag wast reduct consumpt renew energi effici manag mobil improv urban environ improv health safeti special emphasi industri risk assess manag nuclear safeti radiat protect note keep principl subsidiar concept share respons permeat programm specif action envisag fall carri level commun pursuant treati requir integr environ polici prioriti area fall pursu partli primarili ambit polici agricultur energi transport chapter question cost gener consider major shortcom econom polici past failur account measur accur full extern cost impos environ histor earth eco system treat infinit sourc raw materi energi water societi incom gdp depend capit labour resourc clear societi incom todai futur sustain product good servic depend avail capit labour natur environ resourc failur properli account cost environ environ polici lead wholli mislead understand societi wealth incom real sustain develop potenti polici design promot econom develop doom eventu failur includ environment dimens integr compon climat acidif desertif flood toxic wast pollut caus concern todai trace back extent short sight action econom gain fail longer term environment cost account sound busi enterpris endeavour maintain increas capit invest facil expand product bui equip improv qualiti servic order protect long term health planet earth requir type invest order maintain healthi ecosystem ensur long term sustain econom growth futur gener depend invest make failur make invest due time ultim put region ultim civil busi practic difficulti cost environ preserv firstli potenti cost programm member state region local author econom actor concept sustain develop credibl ultim benefit outweigh call cost time context treati articl requir real cost action account equat cost action account decis make tend bias sustain optim polici respons practic term number major difficulti aris inform physic state environ lack insuffici uncertainti toler limit environ ii cost environment damag benefit repair environ cost action difficult assess practic techniqu begin emerg iii environ futur gener requir choic discount rate potenti controversi issu iv unlik busi monei common unit measur numérair environment variabl mean difficult weigh true opportun cost improv environment variabl environment threat damag human health ultim environment variabl interlink environ polici requir integr holist approach commun public polici choic govern environment cost benefit measur principl enumer treati precautionari prevent principl social cohes clear understand aspect environ priceless suscept normal econom cost mechan cost benefit analysi free plai market forc adequ qualiti level drink water giant panda eleph sing bird aspect cultur heritag satisfactori econom evalu cost qualit evalu indispens tool acceler full integr environment consider decis make process transit sustain develop end instrument environment indic environment impact assess develop refin deni import cost environment polici programm accord treati analysi potenti cost benefit action action undertaken develop specif formal propos commiss develop propos care avoid imposit disproportion cost ensur benefit outweigh cost time futur perspect cost broad balanc approach design choic environment prioriti elabor base fullest assess relev cost benefit vein select instrument environment target reach cost respect measur cost includ administr resourc cost carri public sector econom evalu diminut natur resourc stock complianc cost face enterpris privat household point plan advanc packag pursu term programm order term difficulti outlin devis effect cost mechan serv dual requir environment protect sustain develop matter prioriti improv inform state environ indic toler capac made polici maker order defin sustain develop paramet intens research effort need account environ intern coordin burden share encourag domain discount rate chosen safeguard right futur gener due allow uncertainti risk commun cost benefit methodolog drawn matter urgenc appli project polici environment dimens consider cost shadow environment restor project includ econom cost benefit analys condit shadow project prefer condit great uncertainti commun environment polici polici environment dimens cost comprehens take account cost benefit action action conform articl treati prioriti determin basi benefit highest environment adjust account natur resourc stock air water soil landscap heritag nation account pilot basi onward commun countri view formal adopt end decad chapter review programm road sustain develop commun long commun programm intent initi behaviour trend commun level member state busi world level ordinari citizen approach adopt determin object specif gener point sustain develop path target period quantifi qualit measur progress action short medium term initi journei acceler progress inadequaci base line data project trend bound uncertainti valid target urgenc action head state govern commun determin aim sustain develop precautionari approach appli programm adopt end decad horizon present intent roll intermedi stage expect improv relev inform avail result commun current research programm environ major review commun polici industri energi transport agricultur structur fund year appli analog larg ship take consider time space manoeuvr phase view prime period chang sens direct commit phase oper full steam comprehens reapprais situat undertaken date report state environ review polici cum strategi set programm publish end conclus turn point integr environ issu polici commun impact intern market put sustain develop heart polici set adequ rest world requir major chang approach programm constitut turn point set time strategi timet action ensur commun move sustain economi assist develop neighbour programm task commun institut requir full partnership full support actor make work commun provid framework achiev programm object sustain develop constitut major polit econom challeng commun year basi enlighten systemat approach environment manag european council june felt urgent requir fail rise challeng detriment present gener constitut grave disservic futur gener commun citizen respons hand share respons requir collect action environ depend collect action tomorrow environ depend act todai publish final vol iii oj oj oj oj sec develop countri account develop world central eastern european countri energi europ energi centuri european perspect juli sec final exclud surfac area intersect junction carpark road network take commun total area exclud land railwai station marshal yard railwai network take land final green paper impact transport environ commun strategi sustain mobil final final iiasa intern institut appli system analysi austria execut report februari oj unep mediterranean action plan final ipcc report work group supplementari report wmo unep sec final conclus joint energi environ council octob commiss present set scenario energi demand suppli consequ nox emiss basi comput calcul rain model region list object structur fund room consider develop point view acidif area region reach exce critic load reduct provid exist ec legisl requir introduc ec region reduct target list appli except requir substanti decreas energi demand higher effici increas energi save confirm council resolut oj oj eec oj eec oj eec sourc ecmt report transport polici environ oecd pari final oj sec final septemb council resolut oj base eurostat oecd statist oj oj oj oj council direct euratom oj oj oj oj oj oj council regul ec oj final sec final oj oj final oj eec oj oj unep scientif assess ozon deplet million speci todai estim put total number speci time amount daili loss rate estim basi higher figur total speci oj council resolut sec final