protocol convent long rang transboundari air pollut persist organ pollut parti determin implement convent long rang transboundari air pollut recognis emiss persist organ pollut transport intern boundari deposit europ north america arctic site origin atmospher domin medium transport awar persist organ pollut resist degrad natur condit advers effect human health environ concern persist organ pollut biomagnifi upper trophic level concentr affect health expos wildlif human acknowledg arctic ecosystem indigen peopl subsist arctic fish mammal risk biomagnif persist organ pollut mind measur control emiss persist organ pollut contribut protect environ human health area unit nation econom commiss europ region includ arctic intern water resolv measur anticip prevent minim emiss persist organ pollut take account applic precautionari approach set principl rio declar environ develop reaffirm state accord charter unit nation principl intern law sovereign exploit resourc pursuant environment develop polici respons ensur activ jurisdict control damag environ state area limit nation jurisdict note global action persist organ pollut recal role envisag chapter agenda region agreement reduc global transboundari air pollut unit nation econom commiss europ share region experi region world recognis subregion region global regim place includ intern instrument govern manag hazard wast transboundari movement dispos basel convent control transboundari movement hazard wast dispos predomin sourc air pollut contribut accumul persist organ pollut pesticid manufactur chemic unintent format substanc wast inciner combust metal product mobil sourc awar techniqu manag practic reduc emiss persist organ pollut air consciou cost effect region approach combat air pollut note import contribut privat government sector knowledg effect persist organ pollut altern abat techniqu role assist reduct emiss persist organ pollut bear mind measur reduc persist organ pollut emiss constitut mean arbitrari unjustifi discrimin disguis restrict intern competit trade take consider exist scientif technic data emiss atmospher process effect human health environ persist organ pollut abat cost acknowledg continu scientif technic cooper understand issu recognis measur persist organ pollut parti nation level intern convent agre articl definit purpos present protocol quot convent quot mean convent long rang transboundari air pollut adopt geneva novemb quot emep quot mean cooper programm monitor evalu long rang transmiss air pollut europ quot execut bodi quot mean execut bodi convent constitut articl convent quot commiss quot mean unit nation econom commiss europ quot parti quot mean context requir parti present protocol quot geograph scope emep quot mean area defin articl protocol convent long rang transboundari air pollut long term financ cooper programm monitor evalu long rang transmiss air pollut europ emep adopt geneva septemb quot persist organ pollut quot pop organ substanc possess toxic characterist ii persist iii bioaccumul iv prone long rang transboundari atmospher transport deposit signific advers human health environment effect distant sourc quot substanc quot mean singl chemic speci number chemic speci form specif group virtu similar properti emit environ form mixtur market singl articl quot emiss quot mean releas substanc point diffus sourc atmospher quot stationari sourc quot mean fix build structur facil instal equip emit emit persist organ pollut directli indirectli atmospher quot major stationari sourc categori quot mean stationari sourc categori list annex viii quot stationari sourc quot mean stationari sourc construct substanti modif commenc expiri year date entri forc protocol ii amend annex iii viii stationari sourc subject provis protocol virtu amend matter compet nation author decid modif substanti take account factor environment benefit modif articl object object present protocol control reduc elimin discharg emiss loss persist organ pollut articl basic oblig specif exempt accord articl parti effect measur elimin product substanc list annex accord implement requir ensur substanc list annex destroi dispos destruct dispos undertaken environment sound manner take account relev subregion region global regim govern manag hazard wast dispos basel convent control transboundari movement hazard wast dispos ii endeavour ensur dispos substanc list annex carri domest take account pertin environment consider iii ensur transboundari movement substanc list annex conduct environment sound manner take consider applic subregion region global regim govern transboundari movement hazard wast basel convent control transboundari movement hazard wast dispos restrict substanc list annex ii accord implement requir requir paragraph effect substanc date product substanc elimin whichev substanc list annex ii iii parti develop strategi identifi articl wast substanc measur ensur wast articl wast destroi dispos environment sound manner purpos paragraph term wast dispos environment sound interpret manner consist term basel convent control transboundari movement hazard wast dispos parti reduc total annual emiss substanc list annex iii level emiss refer year set accord annex take effect measur circumst timescal annex vi appli techniqu take consider annex stationari sourc major stationari sourc categori annex identifi techniqu ii limit valu stringent annex iv stationari sourc categori mention annex take consider annex parti altern appli emiss reduct strategi achiev equival emiss level iii techniqu take consider annex exist stationari sourc major stationari sourc categori annex identifi techniqu technic econom feasibl parti altern appli emiss reduct strategi achiev equival emiss reduct iv limit valu stringent annex iv exist stationari sourc categori mention annex technic econom feasibl take consider annex parti altern appli emiss reduct strategi achiev equival emiss reduct effect measur control emiss mobil sourc take consider annex vii case residenti combust sourc oblig set paragraph iii refer stationari sourc categori parti applic paragraph achiev requir paragraph substanc annex iii exempt oblig paragraph substanc parti develop maintain emiss inventori substanc list annex iii collect inform relat product sale substanc list annex ii parti geograph scope emep minimum methodolog spatial tempor resolut steer bodi emep parti geograph scope emep guidanc methodolog develop work plan execut bodi report inform accord report requir set articl articl exempt articl appli quantiti substanc laboratori scale research refer standard parti grant exempt articl respect substanc provid exempt grant manner undermin object present protocol purpos condit research refer paragraph signific quantiti substanc expect reach environ propos subsequ dispos ii object paramet research subject assess author parti iii event signific releas substanc environ exempt termin immedi measur mitig releas assess contain measur conduct research resum manag public health emerg suitabl altern measur parti address situat ii measur proport magnitud sever emerg iii precaut protect human health environ ensur substanc geograph area subject emerg iv exempt grant period time exce durat emerg termin emerg remain stock substanc subject provis articl minor applic judg essenti parti exempt grant maximum year ii exempt previous grant articl iii suitabl altern exist propos iv parti estim emiss substanc result exempt contribut total emiss substanc parti adequ precaut ensur emiss environ minimis vi termin exempt remain stock substanc subject provis articl parti dai grant exempt paragraph provid secretariat minimum inform chemic substanc subject exempt purpos exempt grant condit exempt grant length time exempt grant organ exempt appli exempt grant paragraph estim emiss substanc result exempt assess contribut total emiss substanc parti secretariat make parti inform receiv paragraph articl exchang inform technolog parti manner consist law regul practic creat favour condit facilit exchang inform technolog design reduc gener emiss persist organ pollut develop cost effect altern promot inter alia contact cooper organis individu privat public sector capabl provid technolog design engin servic equip financ exchang access inform develop altern persist organ pollut evalu risk altern pose human health environ inform econom social cost altern compil regular updat list design author engag similar activ intern forum exchang inform activ conduct intern forum articl public awar parti consist law regul practic promot provis inform gener public includ individu direct user persist organ pollut inform includ inter alia inform includ label risk assess hazard inform risk reduct inform encourag elimin persist organ pollut reduct includ inform integr pest manag integr crop manag econom social impact elimin reduct inform altern persist organ pollut evalu risk altern pose human health environ inform econom social impact altern articl strategi polici programm measur inform parti month date protocol enter forc develop strategi polici programm order discharg oblig present protocol parti encourag econom feasibl environment sound manag techniqu includ environment practic respect aspect product releas process distribut handl transport reprocess substanc subject present protocol manufactur articl mixtur solut substanc encourag implement manag programm reduc emiss persist organ pollut includ voluntari programm econom instrument adopt addit polici measur circumst includ regulatori approach make determin effort econom feasibl reduc level substanc subject present protocol contain contamin substanc chemic product manufactur articl relev sourc establish consider programm evalu substanc characterist paragraph execut bodi decis inform submit procedur ad substanc annex ii iii includ amend thereto parti stringent measur requir present protocol articl research develop monitor parti encourag research develop monitor cooper relat limit emiss long rang transport deposit level model exist level biotic abiot environ elabor procedur harmon relev methodolog pollut pathwai inventori repres ecosystem relev effect human health environ includ quantif effect techniqu practic includ agricultur practic emiss control techniqu practic emploi parti develop methodolog permit consider socioeconom factor evalu altern control strategi effect base approach integr inform includ inform obtain subparagraph measur model environment level pathwai effect human health environ purpos formul futur control strategi account econom technolog factor method estim nation emiss project futur emiss individu persist organ pollut evalu estim project structur futur oblig level substanc subject present protocol contain contamin substanc chemic product manufactur articl signific level long rang transport techniqu reduc level contamin addit level persist organ pollut gener life cycl timber treat pentachlorophenol prioriti research substanc consid submit procedur articl articl report subject law govern confidenti commerci inform parti report execut secretari commiss execut bodi period basi determin parti meet execut bodi inform measur implement present protocol parti geograph scope emep report execut secretari commiss emep period basi determin steer bodi emep approv parti session execut bodi inform level emiss persist organ pollut minimum methodolog tempor spatial resolut steer bodi emep parti area geograph scope emep make similar inform execut bodi request parti provid inform level emiss substanc list annex iii refer year annex inform report accord paragraph conform decis format content adopt parti session execut bodi term decis review identifi addit element format content inform includ report good time annual session execut bodi emep provid inform long rang transport deposit persist organ pollut articl review parti session execut bodi parti session execut bodi pursuant articl convent review inform suppli parti emep subsidiari bodi report implement committe refer articl present protocol parti session execut bodi review progress made achiev oblig set present protocol parti session execut bodi review suffici effect oblig set present protocol review account scientif inform effect deposit persist organ pollut assess technolog develop chang econom condit fulfil oblig emiss level procedur method time review parti session execut bodi review complet year present protocol enter forc articl complianc complianc parti oblig present protocol review regularli implement committe establish decis execut bodi session carri review report parti meet execut bodi accord term annex decis includ amend thereto articl settlement disput event disput parti interpret applic present protocol parti concern seek settlement disput negoti peac mean choic parti disput inform execut bodi disput ratifi accept approv acced present protocol anytim parti region econom integr organ declar written instrument submit depositari respect disput interpret applic protocol recogn mean disput settlement compulsori ipso facto special agreement relat parti accept oblig submiss disput intern court justic arbitr accord procedur adopt parti session execut bodi practic annex arbitr parti region econom integr organ make declar effect relat arbitr accord procedur refer subparagraph declar made paragraph remain forc expir accord term month written notic revoc deposit depositari declar notic revoc expiri declar affect proceed pend intern court justic arbitr tribun parti disput agre case parti disput accept mean disput settlement paragraph month notif parti disput exist parti concern settl disput mean mention paragraph disput submit request parti disput concili purpos paragraph concili commiss creat commiss compos equal number member appoint parti concern parti concili share interest group share interest chairperson chosen jointli member appoint commiss render recommendatori award parti good faith articl annex annex present protocol form integr part protocol annex vii recommendatori charact articl amend parti propos amend present protocol propos amend submit write execut secretari commiss commun parti parti meet execut bodi discuss propos amend session provid propos circul execut secretari parti dai advanc amend present protocol annex iv vi viii adopt consensu parti present session execut bodi enter forc parti accept dai date third parti deposit depositari instrument accept thereof amend enter forc parti dai date parti deposit instrument accept thereof amend annex vii adopt consensu parti present session execut bodi expiri dai date commun parti execut secretari commiss amend annex effect parti submit depositari notif accord provis paragraph provid parti submit notif parti unabl approv amend annex vii notifi depositari write dai date commun adopt depositari delai notifi parti notif receiv parti time substitut accept previou notif deposit instrument accept depositari amend annex effect parti case propos amend annex ii iii ad substanc present protocol propos provid execut bodi inform execut bodi decis includ amend thereto parti evalu propos accord procedur set execut bodi decis includ amend thereto decis amend execut bodi decis consensu parti meet execut bodi effect dai date adopt articl signatur present protocol open signatur aarhu denmark june unit nation headquart york decemb member state commiss state consult statu commiss pursuant paragraph econom social council resolut iv march region econom integr organ constitut sovereign state member commiss compet respect negoti conclus applic intern agreement matter cover protocol provid state organis concern parti convent matter compet region econom integr organis behalf exercis right fulfil respons present protocol attribut member state case member state organis entitl exercis right individu articl ratif accept approv access present protocol subject ratif accept approv signatori present protocol open access decemb state organis meet requir articl articl depositari instrument ratif accept approv access deposit secretari gener unit nation perform function depositari articl entri forc present protocol enter forc dai date instrument ratif accept approv access deposit depositari state organis refer articl ratifi accept approv present protocol acced thereto deposit sixteenth instrument ratif accept approv access protocol enter forc dai date deposit parti instrument ratif accept approv access articl withdraw time year date present protocol forc respect parti parti withdraw give written notif depositari withdraw effect dai date receipt depositari date notif withdraw articl authent text origin present protocol english french russian text equal authent deposit secretari gener unit nation wit whereof undersign duli authoris thereto sign present protocol aarhu denmark twenti fourth dai june thousand hundr nineti annex substanc schedul elimin present protocol annex appli substanc list occur contamin product ii articl manufactur implement date iii site limit chemic intermedi manufactur substanc chemic transform oblig effect date entri forc protocol gt tabl gt parti agre reassess protocol decemb product polychlorin terphenyl quot ugilec quot annex ii substanc schedul restrict present protocol annex appli substanc list occur contamin product ii articl manufactur implement date iii site limit chemic intermedi manufactur substanc chemic transform oblig effect date entri forc protocol gt tabl gt parti agre reassess protocol decemb product polychlorin terphenyl quot ugilec quot annex iii substanc refer articl refer year oblig gt tabl gt polycycl aromat hydrocarbon pah purpos emiss inventori indic compound benzo pyren benzo fluoranthen benzo fluoranthen indeno cd pyren dioxin furan pcdd polychlorin dibenzo dioxin pcdd polychlorin dibenzofuran pcdf tricycl aromat compound form benzen ring connect oxygen atom pcdd oxygen atom pcdf hydrogen atom replac chlorin atom annex iv limit valu pcdd major stationari sourc introduct definit dioxin furan pcdd provid annex iii present protocol limit valu express ng mg standard condit kpa dry ga limit valu relat normal oper situat includ start shutdown procedur specif limit valu defin situat sampl analysi pollut carri standard laid comité européen de normalis cen intern organis standardis iso unit state canadian refer method await develop cen iso standard nation standard appli verif purpos interpret measur result relat limit account inaccuraci measur method limit consid met result measur inaccuraci measur method subtract exce emiss congen pcdd toxic equival te comparison tcdd system propos nato committe challeng modern societi nato ccm ii limit valu major stationari sourc limit valu refer concentr flue ga appli inciner type municip solid wast burn tonn hour ng te medic solid wast burn tonn hour ng te hazard wast burn tonn hour ng te annex techniqu control emiss persist organ pollut major stationari sourc introduct purpos annex provid parti convent guidanc identifi techniqu meet oblig articl protocol quot techniqu quot bat mean effect advanc stage develop activ method oper practic suitabl techniqu provid principl basi emiss limit valu design prevent practic gener reduc emiss impact environ quot techniqu quot includ technolog instal design built maintain oper decommiss quot quot techniqu mean develop scale implement relev industri sector econom technic viabl condit take consider cost advantag techniqu produc insid territori parti question long access oper quot quot mean effect achiev high gener level protect environ determin techniqu special consider gener specif case factor bear mind cost benefit measur principl precaut prevent low wast technolog hazard substanc further recoveri recycl substanc gener process wast compar process facil method oper success industri scale technolog advanc scientif knowledg understand natur effect volum emiss concern commiss date exist instal time need introduc techniqu consumpt natur raw materi includ water process energi effici prevent reduc minimum impact emiss environ risk prevent accid minimis consequ environ concept techniqu aim prescript specif techniqu technolog take account technic characterist instal concern geograph locat local environment condit inform effect cost control measur base document receiv review task forc preparatori work group pop techniqu list consid establish basi oper experi experi plant incorpor low emiss techniqu retrofit exist plant continu grow regular elabor amend annex techniqu bat identifi plant appli exist plant provid adequ transit period adapt annex list number control measur span rang cost effici choic measur case depend number factor includ econom circumst technolog infrastructur capac exist air pollut control measur import pop emit stationari sourc polychlorin dibenzo dioxin furan pcdd hexachlorobenzen hcb polycycl aromat hydrocarbon pah relev definit provid annex iii present protocol ii major stationari sourc pop emiss pcdd emit thermal process involv organ matter chlorin result incomplet combust chemic reaction major stationari sourc pcdd wast inciner includ inciner thermal metallurg process product aluminium ferrou metal iron steel combust plant provid energi residenti combust specif chemic product process releas intermedi product major stationari sourc pah emiss domest wood coal heat open fire refus burn forest fire crop burn coke anod product aluminium product soederberg process wood preserv instal parti categori make signific contribut total emiss pah defin annex iii emiss hcb result type thermal chemic process emit pcdd hcb form similar mechan major sourc hcb emiss wast inciner plant includ inciner thermal sourc metallurg industri chlorin fuel furnac instal iii gener approach control emiss pop approach control prevent pop emiss stationari sourc includ replac relev feed materi process modif includ mainten oper control retrofit exist plant list gener indic measur implement separ combin replac feed materi pop direct link materi pop emiss sourc environment practic good housekeep prevent mainten programm process close system instanc cokeri inert electrod electrolysi modif process design ensur complet combust prevent format persist organ pollut control paramet inciner temperatur resid time method flue ga clean thermal catalyt inciner oxid dust precipit adsorpt treatment residu wast sewag sludg thermal treatment render inert emiss level measur tabl gener case specif figur rang give emiss level percentag emiss limit valu convent techniqu cost effici consider base total cost year unit abat includ capit oper cost pop emiss reduct cost consid framework process econom impact control measur cost product influenc factor invest oper cost figur highli case specif iv control techniqu reduct pcdd emiss wast inciner wast inciner includ municip wast hazard wast medic wast sewag sludg inciner main control measur pcdd emiss wast inciner facil primari measur inciner wast primari measur process techniqu measur control physic paramet combust process wast gase temperatur stage cool rate content clean flue ga treatment residu clean process primari measur inciner wast involv manag feed materi reduc halogen substanc replac halogen altern municip hazard wast inciner effect modifi inciner process instal secondari measur flue ga clean manag feed materi primari measur wast reduct ad benefit recycl result indirect pcdd reduct decreas wast amount inciner modif process techniqu optim combust condit import effect measur reduct pcdd emiss higher assess oxygen suppli depend heat consist wast suffici resid time approxim second turbul ga avoid cold ga region inciner fluidiz bed inciner lower temperatur adequ emiss result exist inciner involv redesign replac plant option econom viabl countri carbon content ash minim flue ga measur measur possibl lower effect pcdd content flue ga de novo synthesi take place measur prerequisit reduct achiev desir level end pipe quench flue gase effect inexpens ad inhibitor triethanolamin triethylamin reduc oxid nitrogen side reaction consid safeti reason dust collect system temperatur ceram filter cyclon low temperatur electr discharg system avoid fly ash deposit flue ga exhaust system method clean flue ga convent dust precipit reduct particl bound pcdd select catalyt reduct scr select catalyt reduct sncr adsorpt activ charcoal coke fix fluidis system type adsorpt method optim scrub system mixtur activ charcoal open hearth coal lime limeston solut fix bed move bed fluidis bed reactor collect effici gaseou pcdd improv suitabl pre coat layer activ coke surfac bag filter oxid catalyt combust method type catalyst pt al copper chromit catalyst promot stabilis surfac area reduc ag catalyst method mention capabl reach emiss level ng te pcdd flue ga system activ charcoal coke adsorb filter care ensur fugit carbon dust increas pcdd emiss downstream note adsorb dedust instal prior catalyst scr techniqu yield pcdd laden residu reprocess requir proper dispos comparison measur reduc pcdd flue ga complex result matrix includ wide rang industri plant capac configur cost paramet includ reduct measur minim pollut heavi metal particl bound particl bound direct relat reduct pcdd emiss isol case summari data control measur tabl tabl comparison flue ga clean measur process modif wast inciner plant reduc pcdd emiss gt tabl gt remain emiss compar unreduc mode medic wast inciner major sourc pcdd countri specif medic wast human anatom part infect wast needl blood plasma cytostatica treat special form hazard wast medic wast frequent inciner site batch oper inciner oper batch system meet requir pcdd reduct wast inciner parti adopt polici encourag inciner municip medic wast larg region facil smaller approach make applic bat cost effect treatment residu flue ga clean process unlik inciner ash residu high concentr heavi metal organ pollut includ pcdd chlorid sulphid method dispos control wet scrubber system produc larg quantiti acid contamin liquid wast special treatment method exist includ catalyt treatment fabric filter dust condit low temperatur lack oxygen scrub fabric filter dust process extract heavi metal acid combust destruct organ matter vitrif fabric filter dust method immobilis applic plasma technolog thermal process metallurg industri specif process metallurg industri import remain sourc pcdd emiss primari iron steel industri blast furnac sinter plant iron pelletis secondari iron steel industri primari secondari ferrou metal industri product copper pcdd emiss control measur metallurg industri summar tabl tabl emiss reduct pcdd metallurg industri gt tabl gt remain emiss compar unreduc mode metal product treatment plant pcdd emiss meet maximum emiss concentr ng te wast ga volum flow amp gt control measur sinter plant measur sinter plant iron steel industri gener shown pcdd emiss rang ng te singl measur plant control measur show emiss concentr ng te halogen compound result format pcdd enter sinter plant feed materi coke breez salt content or ad recycl materi millscal blast furnac top ga dust filter dust sludg wast water treatment similarli wast inciner clear link chlorin content feed materi emiss pcdd measur avoid contamin residu materi de oil degreas millscal prior introduct sinter plant effect pcdd emiss reduct achiev combin secondari measur recircul wast ga significantli reduc pcdd emiss wast ga flow reduc significantli reduc cost instal addit end pipe control system instal fabric filter combin electrostat precipit case electrostat precipit inject activ carbon open hearth coal limeston mixtur wast ga scrub method develop includ pre quench wast ga leach high perform scrub separ drip deposit emiss ng te achiev ad suitabl adsorpt agent lignit coal coke coal slack emiss concentr ng te reach primari secondari product copper exist plant primari secondari product copper achiev pcdd emiss level picogram ng te flue ga clean singl copper shaft furnac emit ng te pcdd optimis aggreg gener wide rang pcdd emiss valu plant larg differ raw materi differ aggreg process gener measur suitabl reduc pcdd emiss pre sort scrap pretreat scrap strip plastic pvc coat pretreat cabl scrap cold mechan method quench hot wast gase provid utilis heat reduc resid time critic region temperatur wast ga system oxygen oxygen enrich air fire oxygen inject shaft kiln provid complet combust minimis wast ga volum adsorpt fix bed reactor fluidis jet stream reactor activ charcoal open hearth coal dust catalyt oxid product steel pcdd emiss convert steelwork steel product hot blast cupola furnac electr furnac electr arc furnac melt cast iron significantli lower ng te cold air furnac rotari tube furnac melt cast iron higher pcdd emiss electr arc furnac secondari steel product achiev emiss concentr ng te measur separ collect emiss load discharg fabric filter electrostat precipit combin coke inject feedstock electr arc furnac oil emuls greas gener primari measur pcdd reduct sort de oil de coat scrap plastic rubber paint pigment vulcan addit smelt plant secondari aluminium industri pcdd emiss smelt plant secondari aluminium industri rang approxim ng te level depend type smelt aggreg materi wast ga purif techniqu emploi summari singl multi stage fabric filter addit limeston activ carbon open hearth coal front filter meet emiss concentr ng te reduct effici measur consid minimis separ remov purifi differ contamin wast ga flow avoid wast ga particl deposit rapidli pass critic temperatur rang improv pre sort scrap aluminium shredder swim sink separ techniqu grade whirl stream deposit improv pre clean scrap aluminium swarf decoat swarf dry option import modern fluxless smelt techniqu avoid halid salt flux handl low grade scrap rotari kiln discuss continu convent protect marin environ north east atlant revis earlier recommend phase hexachloroethan aluminium industri melt treat state art technolog nitrogen chlorin mixtur ratio ga inject equip fine dispers nitrogen pre post flush vacuum degreas nitrogen chlorin mixtur pcdd emiss concentr ng te measur compar valu amp gt ng te treatment chlorin chlorin requir remov magnesium undesir compon combust fossil fuel util industri boiler combust fossil fuel util industri boiler amp gt mw thermal capac improv energi effici energi conserv result declin emiss pollut reduc fuel requir result reduct pcdd emiss cost effect remov chlorin coal oil case trend ga fire station reduc pcdd emiss sector note pcdd emiss increas significantli wast materi sewag sludg wast oil rubber wast ad fuel combust wast energi suppli undertaken instal wast ga purif system highli effici pcdd reduct section applic techniqu reduc emiss nitrogen oxid sulphur dioxid particul flue ga remov pcdd emiss techniqu pcdd remov effici vari plant plant research ongo develop pcdd remov techniqu techniqu industri scale techniqu identifi specif purpos pcdd remov residenti combust contribut residenti combust applianc total emiss pcdd signific approv fuel properli addit larg region differ emiss occur due type qualiti fuel geograph applianc densiti usag domest fireplac wors burn rate hydrocarbon fuel wast gase larg combust instal true solid fuel wood coal pcdd emiss concentr rang ng te burn pack materi ad solid fuel increas pcdd emiss prohibit countri burn rubbish pack materi occur privat household due increas dispos charg recognis household wast materi burn domest fire instal wood addit wast pack materi lead increas pcdd emiss ng te exclus wood ng te rel volum result confirm investig countri ng te respect oxygen volum measur wast gase residenti combust applianc burn wast materi emiss residenti combust applianc reduc restrict input materi good qualiti fuel avoid burn wast halogen plastic materi public inform programm purchas oper residenti combust applianc effect achiev goal fire instal wood amp lt mw capac measur result wood fire instal pcdd emiss ng te occur wast gase unfavour burn condit substanc burn higher content chlorin compound normal untreat wood indic poor fire total carbon concentr wast ga correl found emiss burn qualiti pcdd emiss tabl summaris emiss concentr factor wood fire instal tabl quantiti relat emiss concentr factor woodfir instal gt tabl gt combust urban wast wood demolit wood move grate lead high pcdd emiss compar wast wood sourc primari measur emiss reduct avoid treat wast wood wood fire instal combust treat wood undertaken instal flue ga clean minim pcdd emiss control techniqu reduct pah emiss coke product coke product pah releas ambient air oven charg charg hole leakag oven door ascens pipe charg hole lid coke push coke cool benzo pyren bap concentr vari substanti individu sourc coke batteri highest bap concentr found top batteri vicin door pah coke product reduc technic improv exist integr iron steel plant entail closur replac coke batteri gener reduct coke product instanc inject high coal steel product pah reduct strategi coke batteri includ technic measur charg coke oven particul matter emiss reduct charg coal bunker charg car close system coal transfer coal pre heat extract fill gase subsequ treatment pass gase adjac oven pass collect main inciner subsequ dedust devic case extract fill gase burn charg car environment perform safeti charg car base system satisfactori suffici suction gener steam water inject ascens pipe emiss charg hole lid coke oper avoid charg hole lid highli effici seal lute charg hole lid clai equal effect materi charg oper clean charg hole lid frame close charg hole keep oven ceil free coal residu ascens pipe lid equip water seal avoid ga tar emiss proper oper seal maintain regular clean coke oven machineri oper coke oven door equip system clean seal surfac oven door frame oven door coke oven door highli effect seal spring load membran door seal oven door door frame clean handl oper door design manner instal particul matter extract system connect dedust devic collect main push oper coke transfer machin equip integr hood stationari duct stationari ga clean system prefer fabric filter low emiss procedur appli coke cool dry coke cool replac wet quench process dry coke cool prefer long gener wast water avoid close circul system dust gener dry quench coke handl reduc coke make process refer quot recoveri coke make quot emit significantli pah convent product recoveri process oven oper neg pressur elimin leak atmospher coke oven door coke raw coke oven ga remov oven natur draught maintain neg pressur oven oven design recov chemic product raw coke oven ga offgas coke process includ pah burn effici high temperatur long resid time wast heat inciner provid energi coke excess heat gener steam econom type coke oper requir cogener unit produc electr excess steam recoveri coke plant oper unit state oper australia process basic horizont sole flue recoveri coke oven inciner chamber adjoin oven process altern charg coke schedul oven oven provid inciner chamber coke gase coke ga combust inciner chamber heat sourc inciner chamber design dwell time approxim high temperatur minimum effect monitor programm leakag coke oven door seal ascens pipe charg hole lid oper impli monitor record leakag repair mainten signific reduct diffus emiss achiev retrofit exist coke batteri facilit condens flue gase sourc heat recoveri result pah reduct air regard wast water treatment invest cost amortis year take account recov energi heat water ga synthesi save cool water increas coke oven volum result decreas total number oven oven door open amount push oven dai number seal coke batteri pah emiss product increas decreas oper personnel cost dry coke cool system requir higher invest cost wet method higher oper cost compens heat recoveri process pre heat coke energi effici combin dry coke cool coal pre heat system rise coal pre heat boost product rais coke process homogen tank instal storag treatment coal tar coal tar product equip effici vapour recoveri return vapour destruct system oper cost vapour destruct system reduc autotherm burn mode concentr carbon compound wast high tabl summaris pah emiss reduct measur coke product plant tabl pah emiss control coke product gt tabl gt remain emiss compar unreduc mode anod product pah emiss anod product dealt similar fashion coke product secondari measur emiss reduct pah contamin dust electrostat tar precipit combin convent electrostat tar filter wet electrostat filter effici technic measur thermal burn wast gase dry scrub limeston petroleum coke aluminum oxid al oper cost thermal burn reduc autotherm burn mode concentr carbon compound wast ga high tabl summaris pah emiss control measur anod product tabl pah emiss control anod product gt tabl gt remain emiss compar unreduc mode aluminium industri aluminium produc aluminium oxid al electrolysi pot cell electr connect seri pot classifi prebak soederberg pot type anod prebak pot anod consist calcin bake carbon block replac partial consumpt soederberg anod bake cell mixtur petroleum coke coal tar pitch act binder high pah emiss releas soederberg process primari abat measur includ modern exist plant optim process reduc pah emiss emiss level kg tonn al reach replac exist soederberg cell prebak requir major reconstruct exist process elimin pah emiss capit cost replac high tabl summaris pah emiss control measur aluminium product tabl pah emiss control aluminium product soederberg process gt tabl gt remain emiss compar unreduc mode residenti combust pah emiss residenti combust detect stove open fireplac wood coal household signific sourc pah emiss result fireplac small fire instal burn solid fuel household countri usual fuel stove coal coal burn stove emit pah wood burn higher combust temperatur consist fuel qualiti combust system optimis oper characterist burn rate effect control pah emiss residenti combust optimis combust condit includ optimis combust chamber design optimis suppli air techniqu optimis combust condit reduc emiss signific differ emiss techniqu modern wood fire boiler water accumul tank repres bat reduc emiss compar outdat boiler water accumul tank modern boiler zone fireplac gasif wood ga combust zone ceram materi temperatur convect zone convect part water absorb heat suffici long effect ga temperatur reduc techniqu supplement outdat boiler water accumul tank ceram insert pellet burner optimis burn rate accompani low emiss carbon monoxid total hydrocarbon thc pah set limit type approv regul emiss thc affect emiss pah low emiss thc result low emiss pah measur pah expens measur cost effect set limit thc work continu propos cen standard coal wood fire boiler kw tabl tabl draft cen standard gt tabl gt note emiss level mg emiss residenti wood combust stove reduc exist stove public inform awar programm proper stove oper untreat wood fuel prepar procedur correct season wood moistur content stove applic product standard draft cen standard equival product standard unit state canada gener measur pah emiss reduct relat develop central system household energi conserv improv thermal insul reduc energi consumpt inform summaris tabl tabl pah emiss control residenti combust gt tabl gt remain emiss compar unreduc mode wood preserv instal wood preserv pah coal tar product major sourc pah emiss air emiss occur impregn process storag handl impregn wood open air wide pah coal tar product carbolineum creosot coal tar distil pah protect timber wood biolog attack pah emiss wood preserv instal storag facil reduc approach implement separ combin requir storag condit prevent pollut soil surfac water leach pah contamin rainwat storag site imperm rainwat roof cover reus contamin water impregn process qualiti demand materi produc measur reduc atmospher emiss impregn plant hot wood cool transport storag site altern method pressur steam vacuum condit impregn wood creosot highlight bat optimum load wood preserv adequ protect treat wood product situ regard bat reduc demand replac reduc emiss wood preserv instal wood preserv product lower content pah pop possibl modifi creosot distil fraction boil reduc emiss volatil pah heavier toxic pah discourag carbolineum reduc pah emiss evalu altern tabl minim relianc pah base product burn impregn wood rise pah emiss harm substanc burn place instal adequ abat techniqu tabl altern wood preserv involv pah base product gt tabl gt annex vi timescal applic limit valu techniqu exist stationari sourc timescal applic limit valu techniqu stationari sourc year date entri forc present protocol exist stationari sourc year date entri forc present protocol period extend specif exist stationari sourc accord amortis period provid nation legisl annex vii recommend control measur reduc emiss persist organ pollut mobil sourc relev definit provid annex iii present protocol achiev emiss level vehicl fuel paramet achiev emiss level vehicl diesel fuell passeng car gt tabl gt heavi duti vehicl gt tabl gt road engin step refer regul eec quot uniform provis approv compress ignit ci engin instal agricultur forestri tractor regard emiss pollut engin quot regul forc decemb amend forc march gt tabl gt step gt tabl gt fuel paramet diesel fuel gt tabl gt ns ii restrict halogen scaveng addit fuel lubric countri dibromomethan combin dichloromethan scaveng lead petrol pcdd form combust process engin applic catalyt convert car requir unlead fuel addit scaveng halogen compound petrol fuel lubric avoid tabl summar measur pcdd emiss control exhaust road transport motor vehicl tabl pcdd emiss control exhaust road transport motor vehicl gt tabl gt iii control measur emiss pop mobil sourc pop emiss motor vehicl pop emiss motor vehicl occur particl bound pah emit diesel fuell vehicl minor extent pah emit petrol fuell vehicl lubric oil fuel halogen compound result addit product process compound transform combust pcdd subsequ emit exhaust gase inspect mainten diesel fuell mobil sourc effect control emiss pah ensur programm test mobil sourc period particul emiss opac free acceler equival method petrol fuell mobil sourc effect control emiss pah addit exhaust compon ensur programm test period fuel meter effici catalyt convert techniqu control pah emiss diesel petrol fuell motor vehicl gener aspect control technolog import ensur vehicl design meet emiss standard servic ensur conform product lifetim durabl warranti emiss control compon recal defect vehicl vehicl continu emiss control perform ensur effect inspect mainten programm technic measur emiss control measur control pah emiss import fuel qualiti specif engin modif control emiss form primari measur addit exhaust treatment system oxidis catalyst particl trap secondari measur diesel engin diesel fuel modif yield benefit lower sulphur content reduc emiss particl increas convers effici oxidis catalyst reduct di tri aromat compound reduc format emiss pah primari measur reduc emiss modifi engin achiev complet combust modif gener vehicl exhaust composit influenc combust chamber design higher fuel inject pressur present diesel engin reli mechan engin control system newer engin increasingli computeris electron control system greater potenti flexibl control emiss technolog control emiss combin technolog turbocharg intercool system success reduc nox increas fuel economi power output heavi light duti engin intak manifold tune possibl control lubric oil import reduc particul matter pm particul matter form engin oil oil consumpt reduc improv engin manufactur specif improv engin seal secondari measur control emiss addit exhaust treatment system gener diesel engin oxidis catalyst combin particul filter shown effect reduc pah emiss particl trap oxid evalu locat exhaust system trap pm provid regener filter burn collect pm electr heat system mean regener proper regener passiv system trap normal oper burner assist regener system addit requir petrol engin pah reduct measur petrol fuell engin primarili base close loop catalyt convert reduc pah part hc emiss reduct improv cold start behaviour reduc organ emiss gener pah instanc start catalyst improv fuel evapor atom heat catalyst tabl summaris measur pah emiss control exhaust road transport motor vehicl tabl pah emiss control exhaust road transport motor vehicl gt tabl gt annex viii major stationari sourc categori introduct instal part instal research develop test product cover list complet descript categori found annex ii list categori gt tabl gt