commiss decis march guidanc implement direct ec european parliament council relat ozon ambient air notifi document number text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard direct ec european parliament council februari relat ozon ambient air articl thereof direct ec establish long term object target valu alert threshold inform threshold concentr ozon ambient air articl direct ec requir member state condit draw short term action plan risk exceed alert threshold guidanc develop commiss respect accord articl provid member state exampl measur effect assess accord articl direct ec commiss provid member state guidelin strategi measur ozon precursor substanc ambient air part guidanc develop articl direct draw guidanc guidelin question commiss call expertis member state european environ agenc measur provid decis accord opinion committe establish articl council direct ec septemb ambient air qualiti assess manag adopt decis articl guidanc regard draw short term action plan accord articl direct ec set annex decis develop implement short term action plan member state relev exampl measur set annex ii decis accord articl direct ec guidelin strategi measur ozon precursor substanc accord articl direct ec set annex iii decis articl decis address member state brussel march commiss margot wallström member commiss oj oj annex gener aspect consider member state draw short term action plan accord articl direct ec articl direct ec set requir short term action plan articl requir member state accord articl direct ec draw action plan administr level indic specif measur short term take account local circumst zone risk exceed alert threshold signific potenti reduc risk reduc durat sever exceed alert threshold articl direct ec member state identifi signific potenti reduc risk durat sever exceed take account nation geograph meteorolog econom condit regard eu long term polici kei question short term action plan offer signific addit potenti reduc risk exceed alert μg reduc durat sever guidanc short term action regard geograph differ region extens durat measur geograph aspect short term action avoid exceed μg threshold member state split group nordic countri finland sweden denmark ireland exceed alert threshold happen data report european environ agenc airbas view implement abovement long term polici happen futur nordic countri ireland prepar short term action plan risk exceed alert threshold air mass transport north western central european countri frequent domin advect rise long rang transboundari pollut transport clear indic part north western central european countri exceed alert threshold diminish short term measur mid show restrict reduct potenti implement eu long term strategi necessit generalis perman applic short term measur countri signific potenti reduc risk exceed short term action plan prepar plan major citi region southern member state experi hand recircul air mass due topographi influenc sea case air mass recircul time due high natur voc emiss emiss reduct voc ineffect call quot nox limit quot regim signific trend ozon peak valu ensembl limit recent time seri area lack knowledg regard effici short term measur citi region southern europ characteris orograph condit principl local profit short term measur reduc risk sever exceed alert except situat extrem episod experienc region extens measur local scale effort reduc temporari emiss ozon precursor local pai recircul regim advect domin region countri franc regim depend region countri develop separ short term action plan southern citi effici agglomer region locat northern advect domin part countri solut ozon air pollut problem requir proper diagnosi process region time year link region remedi short term action effect airsh time year similarli short term action requir region wide assess approach layer transport account signific part observ ozon short term versu long term measur long term perman larg scale drastic reduct ozon precursor emiss sustain bring ozon peak concentr ozon background level urban rural area eu reduct follow ozon direct close relat direct ec nation emiss ceil atmospher pollut turn endors direct ec limit emiss pollut air larg combust plant eu wide regul reduc voc direct ec control volatil organ compound emiss result storag petrol distribut termin servic station direct ec limit emiss volatil organ compound due organ solvent activ instal direct ec integr pollut prevent control pend strategi regul voc content product reduc ozon peak level european wide perman emiss reduct expect reduc ozon peak valu depend scenario region effici short term action result emiss reduct order magnitud action advanc dai exceed event basi forecast summer season region extens note dissemin inform ozon concentr recommend public health care bodi obligatori combin adequ ozon forecast dissemin inform reduc exposur durat exposur intens popul high ozon valu temporari measur trigger exceed hourli threshold μg local limit reduc ozon peak concentr primarili small emiss reduct effect case traffic relat measur speed limit drive ban catalys vehicl limit region scale combin local limit measur includ industri household result higher ozon peak reduct potenti clear region strategi substanti effici individu local measur total ozon peak reduct potenti expect larger region ozon format voc limit temporari local limit measur result higher ozon peak concentr millán salvador mantilla kallo photo oxid dynam western mediterranean summer result european research project geophhi re oj oj oj oj oj annex ii short term measur exampl experi field experi heilbronn neckarsulm germani field experi heilbronn neckarsulm conurb approxim inhabit start abat action thursdai june last sundai june accompani measur fix station mobil unit aircraft balloon includ model calcul basi detail emiss inventori studi design answer question take typic summer smog episod peak ozon concentr episod significantli reduc local temporari abat action reduct nox voc achiev realist measur local temporari short term action traffic ban feasibl basi infrastructur accept public zone defin experi total model area consist km inventori area km compar mild abat action appli speed limit km impos road includ motorwai industri smaller enterpris promis emiss reduct voluntari basi downtown area km traffic ban enforc car equip control catalyt convert low emit diesel vehicl exempt ban essenti traffic fire brigad supplier fresh food medicin addit measur includ speed limit km voluntari emiss reduct industri smaller enterpris fair weather maximum temperatur climb prevail experi cloud cover afternoon june wind speed moder elev meteorolog condit favour exception good ozon product result abat action precursor emiss model area reduc nox voc downtown area ambient concentr reduc noxand voc signific ozon burden measur uncertainti detect result accord model calcul closer examin result reveal main reason lack respons ozon burden area strict abat action small km voluntari reduct industri sector voc suffici due meteorolog condit experi ozon concentr influenc region ozon transport local ozon product due moder wind speed effect observ downwind area field experi place refer umweltministerium baden württemberg hrsg ozonversuch neckarsulm heilbronn dokument über die vorbereitung und durchführung de versuch stuttgart umweltministerium baden württemberg hrsg ozonversuch neckarsulm heilbronn wissenschaftlich auswertungen stuttgart bruckmann wichmann fiebig effici short term action abat summer smog result field studi model calcul eurotrac newslett german programm control concept measur ozon quot summer smog quot object aim research project determin evalu effect larg scale german eu wide local emiss control measur elev ground level ozon concentr midsumm episod appli photochem dispers model research project design contribut scientif conclus effect ozon abat strategi take account ongo polit discuss advanc legisl ozon abat feder state level find project contribut improv basi decis make simul conduct ozon episod juli august ground level peak ozon concentr μg valu observ afternoon result model calcul summaris effect measur ozon concentr germani perman reduct measur emiss control measur implement ec direct nation environment legisl reduc ozon precursor emiss nationwid nox voc scenario decreas afternoon ozon peak concentr rang calcul larg part model domain peak valu μg instanc lower μg averag calcul number grid hour ground level base case run threshold valu μg exceed reduc scenario case addit perman reduct measur nox voc calcul afternoon peak concentr lower base case run calcul frequenc number grid hour exceed threshold valu μg reduc approxim temporari reduct measur case quot sever quot nationwid speed limit nox voc model simul show decreas calcul frequenc grid hour exceed threshold ground level ozon concentr μg approx domain relat rate reduct peak ozon concentr afternoon hour rang case nationwid drive ban passeng car catalyst nox voc simul show decreas calcul number grid hour ground level ozon concentr μg domain relat rate reduct peak ozon concentr afternoon hour rang hypothet hour earlier releas measur result addit reduct ozon peak concentr effect measur ozon concentr select german region local scale analysi effect control measur perform select model region rhine main neckar frankfurt dresden berlin brandenburg region ozon peak concentr significantli exceed μg dai episod studi perman reduct measur local scale model region perman larg scale control measur nox voc effect germani europ result decreas calcul peak ozon concentr rang afternoon peak valu μg drop μg effect perman larg scale control measur significantli higher temporari measur emiss relat reduct effect quot quot magnitud higher effici perman control measur caus abovement decreas precursor emiss nation european level background concentr ozon ozon precursor reduc temporari reduct measur local speed limit nox voc local drive ban includ low emiss diesel car nox voc exert minor effect peak ozon concentr maximum speed limit traffic ban background concentr ozon precursor remain unaffect local measur sole impact local ozon product account low effici type measur local control strategi temporarili implement achiev moder decreas afternoon peak ozon concentr domain expos measur condit exchang air mass exhaust local control potenti appli stringent action effect peak ozon level par perman emiss control refer motz hartmann determin evalu effect local region larger scale nation emiss control strategi ground level peak ozon concentr summer episod mean emiss analys photochem model summari studi commiss german feder environment agenc ufo plan nr www umweltbundesamt de ozon netherland order examin rang effect short term abat action netherland nation institut public health environ rivm conduct model studi euro model base grid resolut km model domain area benelux germani local grid refin km appli simul perform smog episod emiss base year type short term action basic short term action concern road traffic nationwid scale speed limit drive ban car catalyst drive ban truck urban road scenario impos combin effect netherland benelux part germani north rhine westphalia hypothet scenario presum emiss precursor netherland bottom end extrem sensit test effect scenario time tabl tabl overview effect short term action nation precursor emiss total valu percentag nation emiss total gt tabl gt short term action sole concern road traffic sector appear effect reduc ozon precursor emiss consider econom consequ result short term measur nationwid averag percentil valu increas percent bottom end extrem case show reduct percent effect short term action neglig tabl effect short term traffic measur reduc rapidli time due decreas number car catalyt convert grid refin result km show increas percentil valu due increas valu highli industrialis popul area titrat effect hand ozon concentr affect industrialis popul area substanti reduct ozon maxima obtain perman larg scale measur shown reduct percentil valu base year refer smeet beck effect short term abat measur peak ozon concentr summer smog episod netherland rep rivm bilthoven austria austria feder act ozon contain necess enact short term action plan case high ozon level relev alarm threshold μg hour trigger take action concentr level exceed μg hour take account implement plan take time measur relat traffic ban vehicl catalyt convert measur abovement level trigger action reach regul adapt direct ec juli gener ozon level austria influenc long rang transport alpin area ozon show pronounc diurnal cycl compar region uba consequ high long term valu observ station level excess alarm threshold set direct ec μg record coupl year alpin area highest ozon peak concentr exceed μg hour observ plume vienna north eastern part austria ozon level exce ozon level plume μg photochem transport model develop simul ozon format region baumann al model effect emiss reduct studi area ozon level investig schneider result gener line result comprehens studi summaris signific effect short term emiss reduct austria ozon level predict citi vienna plume citi area vienna exposur signific slight reduct nox emiss tend increas ozon level ozon product decreas air mass move vienna refer uba umweltkontrollbericht umweltbundesamt wien baumann al pannonisch ozonprojekt zusammenfassend endbericht öfz forschungszentrum seibersdorf schneider untersuchungen über die auswirkungen von emissionsreduktionsmaßnahmen auf die ozonbelastung nordostösterreich uba franc french law air qualiti ration energi adopt decemb requir event peak pollut incid measur alert threshold reach reach prefect immedi inform public measur restrict extent effect pollut peak popul decre prefect defin emerg measur implement case peak pollut event area alert procedur includ level level inform recommend inform threshold reach μg ozon alert level alert threshold reach reach μg ozon inform threshold exceed case recommend advis public alert threshold reach reach prefect immedi inform public recommend case avoid refuel recommend gasolin power lawn equip recommend water base paint product avoid solvent recommend pollut mean transport reduct speed limit km larg scale reduct industri activ nox voc emiss solvent fill industri burn flare refineri mandatori local short term action prepar prefect servic base transport measur speed limit road motorwai reduc measur implement pollut event forecast dai event measur restrict suspend motor vehicl traffic region prefect alert procedur access public passeng transport made free charg alert threshold exceed south franc march berr industri area marseil industri area petrochem activ respons emiss nox voc nox voc due transport marseil voc nox night march weather condit anticyclon wind convect warm air mass meter stop vertic dispers pollut industri incid increas emiss pollut declar march pollut peak forecast march short term measur plan even march meteorolog condit chang concentr ozon decreas rapidli local short term action plan restrict transport measur concern industri instal ask propos measur reduc nox voc emiss plant propos avoid burn flare defer mainten action defer degasif product unit low nitrogen fuel pitch avoid transfer liquid voc recuper equip prefect servic work extend short term measur industri plant greec short term action athen area elev ozon concentr frequent observ northern eastern suburb athen basin case public inform addit specif suggest order reduc transport suppli fuel carri tanker truck due obligatori charact suggest complex meteorolog emiss pattern huge athen territori clear view effect measur perman measur athen centr athen municip area quot ring quot privat car circul regul relat digit number plate odd number begin measur remain forc year month august work dai fridai ring area approxim km number plate measur relat ozon ambient concentr level aim reduc primari pollut centr athen preliminari studi shown relationship measur ozon concentr number grid hour correspond number hour entir episod concentr threshold exceed grid cell sum grid cell surfac layer model domain figur bracket emiss reduct averag dai year half year exceed measur annex iii guidelin strategi measur ozon precursor articl direct ec member state requir articl direct ec monitor ozon precursor measur station paragraph guidanc strategi monitor annex vi direct ec state object monitor analys trend check effici emiss reduct strategi check consist emiss inventori attribut contribut emiss sourc pollut concentr support understand ozon format precursor dispers support understand photochem model recommend monitor strategi foremost object monitor ozon precursor analys trend check effici emiss reduct addit sourc relat trend analys recommend check consist inventori attribut contribut sourc consid difficult task regular basi monitor network mandatori station object reach addit voluntari measur nation intern cooper recommend trend analysi long term continu monitor indispens measur campaign sourc attribut studi measur campaign recommend analys full spectrum voc list annex vi direct ec support understand ozon format precursor dispers photochem model addit voc list annex vi direct ec measur photo reactiv speci ho ro radic pan advis research orient monitor measur campaign recommend suppos nox monitor cover requir direct ec parallel monitor voc nox recommend recommend locat mandatori measur station member state set station analys gener trend precursor recommend place station monitor full spectrum voc list annex vi direct ec site repres precursor emiss ozon format prefer site locat urban background directli influenc local strong sourc traffic larg industri instal recommend monitor rural background concentr measur voc rural background station part emep monitor programm recommend set monitor site area emep monitor site exist south consid includ abund biogen hydrocarbon monoterpen pinen limonen monitor programm sourc orient monitor major sourc voc road traffic industri plant solvent compound monitor analys trend depend sourc type strategi recommend road traffic btx monitor analys trend emiss road traffic monitor compon acetylen regard expect reduct benzen fuel ensur case toluen xylen analys full voc spectrum monitor traffic site gener strong similar spectrum expect site similar characterist vehicl fleet industri plant petrochem plant emit broad spectrum voc decis compound monitor depend strongli spectrum base case case studi monitor station locat upwind downwind major sourc respect prevail wind direct solvent commerci area decis select voc monitor difficult case minor sourc base knowledg spectrum emit give regard cover highest ozon product potenti