commiss decis octob relat proceed pursuant articl ec treati iv tran atlant agreement danish dutch english german text authent ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard council regul eec juli appli rule competit transport rail road inland waterwai amend act access greec articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb lai detail rule applic articl treati maritim transport articl thereof regard applic submit august pursuant articl regul eec number ship line agreement conclud call tran atlant agreement hereinaft refer taa inform notifi parti letter septemb pursuant articl commiss regul eec commun complaint applic hear provid council regul eec amend regul ec examin agreement provis regul eec regard applic find infring lodg pursuant articl regul eec articl regul eec regard decis commiss april initi proceed case undertak concern accord articl regul eec articl regul eec provis commiss regul eec august hear provid articl regul eec provis regul eec opportun make view object rais commiss consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit land maritim transport part agreement parti total ship line member tran atlant agreement hereinaft refer taa august date notif sea land servic sea land moeller maersk line maersk atlant contain line acl hapag lloyd nedlloyd lijnen amp contain limit amp ocl msc mediterranean ship msc orient oversea contain line uk oocl polish ocean line pol dsr senat line cho yang ship compani march nippon yusen kaisha line europ nyk march neptun orient line nol nyk nol previous absent transatlant trade april transportación marítima mexicana tmm tecomar tmm tecomar involv transatlant trade hanjin ship parti taa august enter transatlant trade slot charter agreement dsr senat line gmbh cho yang decis address hanjin ship read light fact hanjin chosen enter transatlant trade parti taa recit annex ii ii notifi agreement scope agreement taa effect august cover eastbound westbound ship rout hand port europ situat latitud bayonn franc north cape norwai baltic port russia mediterranean port port spain portug interior coastal point europ except european port point spain portug ii hand port contigu state unit state district columbia point unit state port alleg object agreement parti taa chief aim achiev stabil north atlant trade exist excess capac recit figur carrier maintain stabil achiev regul util exist capac order increas freight rate level main aspect agreement gener taa member discuss agre common vast rang subject relat transatlant liner transport price maritim inland sector condit carriag capac articl taa member taa organ rule determin common polici put practic articl taa tariff rate member taa establish tariff maritim inland sector publish jointli independ action member offer lower rate tariff recit notifi dai advanc secretariat taa inform member articl agreement amend stand rate committe monitor applic object agreement concern tariff articl agreement made member confer establish trade northern europ east coast unit state acl hapag lloyd amp nedlloyd sealand maersk oocl nyk applic confer agreement suspend entri forc taa recit seq servic contract servic contract conclud member taa conform rule princip contract longer year contract termin decemb relev year contract sign annual volum teu contain foot equival unit septemb commiss inform parti lodg feder maritim commiss amend agreement lower limit teu januari stand contract committe made member rate committe member confer monitor implement polici taa servic contract concern articl agreement contract committe member jointli negoti enter collect servic contract allow enter individu servic contract member negoti enter contract individu jointli prior notic member enter contract committe member servic contract case case basi subject mutual agreement capac manag programm cmp parti taa particip capac manag programm cmp articl agreement moment cmp implement westbound europ unit state sector trade taa parti extend programm eastbound unit state europ trade prior agreement unit state author cmp present affect european export unit state purpos cmp limit suppli transport market reduc real capac shipown shipown agre util substanti part capac practic term member taa establish year period month real capac volum good member author carri shipown carri teu month undertak carri pai taa secretariat fine teu carri excess quota vessel full shipown refus carri good exhaust quota month period question charter slot taa member reach quota volum prescrib programm revis cmp capac util agreement word agreement limit util capac real reduct capac financi guarante provid parti deposit increas neutral bodi case cmp taa secretariat auditor monitor parti complianc taa impos heavi fine event complianc provis taa cmp space slot charter equip exchang addit vessel share agreement effect taa parti agreement taa framework taa make provis addit slot charter activ equip exchang provis replic voluntari slot charter provis neusara usanera confer part ii transatlant trade market gener speak shipper arrang carriag good point northern europ point unit state wai purchas inland transport sea transport servic separ make forward agent organ inland sea transport servic shipown organ inland sea transport oper behalf shipper subcontract inland transport section taa cover container liner ship servic northern europ unit state inland contain transport servic europ unit state sea transport market sea transport servic market sea transport servic taa relat container liner ship northern europ unit state sea rout port northern europ port unit state canada determin servic constitut market assess scope substitut hand transport servic rout hand transport servic technic characterist offer sea rout descript market sea transport servic compris technic analysi geograph analysi technic analysi servic type good transport servic northern europ unit state distinct drawn air transport sea transport cost great deal air transport northern europ unit state involv limit quantiti high ad good good transport time decis factor compar container sea transport volum transport air smaller repli march taa state categori good air transport account substanti proport volum carri produc evid good fall categori carri sea easili switch air transport clear tabl provid taa categori good carri categori claim switch averag good carri air substanti higher averag good carri sea proven substanti proport good carri contain easili switch air transport categori good mention taa includ wide varieti product physic properti transport econom air note tariff system air transport discrimin type good base weight volum good recit commiss take view air transport form separ market container liner ship sea transport concern distinct drawn type servic unschedul tramp transport schedul liner transport special transport unschedul tramp transport unschedul sea transport commonli call tramp transport account volum carri sea consist unschedul transport servic vessel charter demand nowadai involv bulk transport categori good oil or cereal vessel special equip good homogen good part capac ship term contract gener laid charter parti negoti shipown user ii liner transport gener featur schedul sea transport liner ship account bulk maritim transport term suppli demand condit highli specif comparison mode transport demand extrem vari term type good carri term varieti number custom transport user liner ship suit carriag good small medium quantiti suffici fill ship substanti part econom good heterogen physic characterist valu ship larg number shipper annex iii paragraph supplier liner transport natur common carrier transport capac offer time independ specif demand transport user predetermin discriminatori basi price set advanc annex iii paragraph type transport basi publish tariff frequent form contract bill lade type liner transport container liner transport convent break bulk liner transport type transport substitut container liner transport suggest container liner ship servic involv carriag good contain box standard shape size feet feet long ship special equip purpos contain carri lolo lift lift vessel cellular vessel load vertic crane roro roll roll vessel hold introduc horizont lorri chassi access ramp suppli container transport servic regular frequent larg major contain carrier atlant trade offer weekli sail container greatli reduc risk good damag load unload reduc cost pack insur user container enabl port handl inland haulag oper carri econom swiftli convent break bulk liner transport convent break bulk liner transport involv container transport varieti good ship open hold consign good stack fill capac common form liner ship container late product gain achiev container great port handl contain servic complet replac break bulk transport major east west rout good container todai number good heavi larg container ship tradit manner steel metal product project cargo prefabr build materi convent maritim transport trade north south trade subject commiss decis eec shipown committe eec cewal cowac ukwal ineffici port servic lack land transport infrastructur erod consider competit advantag container transport convent transport substitut trade form liner transport shipown place trade ship cater simultan container break bulk transport convers highli develop trade transatlant ship form transport longer substitut trade highli container major servic oper ship fit exclus carri contain convent break bulk liner transport reason attract containeriz good annex iii paragraph transatlant trade link highli industri region world handl larg share manufactur good contain suitabl mode transport export good attract specif featur container transport speed regular frequenc reliabl safeti good save offer pack insur cost suitabl multimod transport aspect container transport develop transatlant trade annex iii paragraph iii special transport ship oper special type containeriz good shipper larg quantiti homogen containeriz good carri regular basi put quantiti econom special ship carri good contain type transport term neo bulk involv categori good consign larg econom carri contain fill good part vessel includ steel metal product fertil chemic forest wood product motor vehicl case carrier conclud long term contract larg shipper oper special servic regularli basi charter parti servic contract regular link isol concentr demand transport servic negoti special carrier custom differ regular liner ship servic oper regular servic independ specif demand offer servic discriminatori basi shipper iv substitut analysi tramp transport cater good characterist differ good carri contain larger quantiti contractu term distinct govern container transport demand structur complet liner transport convent break bulk liner transport longer transatlant trade reason altern container transport containeriz good constitut separ market container liner transport servic recit handl containeriz good special neo bulk transport offer kind transport servic container liner ship constitut reason altern shipper larg quantiti categori good shipown vessel special built form transport altern vast major container transport custom form separ market container liner ship servic market liquid good cite taa separ type good analysi tank contain carri contain ship cover taa belong container liner ship sector hand tanker special ship belong special transport sector good carri tramp neo bulk vessel attract ship line system tariff advantag type good system tariff differenti discriminatori natur good good carri lower price charg container liner cargo except case price offer mode transport similar taa state repli similar price aris categori good confin small proport container liner ship user price similar type servic offer taa point repli custom choic larg influenc distinct characterist mode transport regular speed frequenc number port date transport final destin multimod transport volum concern number categori good carri contain convent special ship custom wish ship good kind switch readili swiftli econom mode transport substanti price increas introduc container transport taa provid commiss custom genuin switch container transport form transport dynamar report present number carrier oper regular servic atlant show break bulk neo bulk oper offer equival servic container carrier frequenc servic number port call absenc multimod servic conclud vast major categori good user container liner ship form maritim transport includ convent break bulk liner transport offer reason altern container transport servic servic constitut market geograph analysi servic transport sector servic equival technic cover geograph area substitut belong servic market instanc container servic rotterdam york substitut container servic rotterdam hong kong definit servic market geograph aspect irrespect definit geograph market relat area servic market servic question container liner ship servic nothern europ unit state sea rout port northern europ port unit state canada northern europ serv port major east west trade port hamburg bremen rotterdam antwerp le havr felixstow unit state serv port east west coast gulf coast area port east coast canada halifax montreal examin maritim transport europ unit state rout consider sea rout port northern europ port unit state canada servic question substitut basi servic port west coast port east coast unit state separ segment relev market servic port unit kingdom continent port northern europ likewis regard separ market segment similarli canadian port compet transport servic rout origin end north east unit state great lake region case point taa cover servic concern servic canadian port condit competit servic homogen servic concern consid market mean articl ec treati maritim transport rout europ unit state link port mediterranean port unit state competit servic relev market margin reason cost inland haulag time factor limit consider substitut port northern europ port mediterranean shipper northern europ servic mediterranean reason altern servic concern present circumst competit mediterranean servic reduc fact mediterranean port effici servic frequent servic port northern europ occasion attract shipper southern europ northern itali convers shipper northern europ rare servic mediterranean mediterranean port offer real altern northern european port shipper locat mediterranean factor suggest servic mediterranean port compet margin neglig transport market question unit state northern europ geograph market geograph market area servic defin market european geograph market container liner ship servic northern europ unit state maritim rout northern european port port unit state canada consist catchment area northern european port catchment area question depend distanc port cost inland haulag case point catchment area northern european port regard cover ireland unit kingdom denmark netherland belgium luxembourg germani northern central franc conclus taa state repli sourc competit consid collect separ assess natur relev market case ship oper unabl discrimin demand competit altern relat part demand impact price market present case ship oper discrimin categori good appli differenti rate recit limit effect margin competit carriag specif categori good servic consid relev market sea transport servic market field activ uniform condit competit taa cover entireti except rout canadian port subject unit state law establish rule member land transport land transport servic relev decis container land transport servic offer shipper addit sea transport taa member part multimod transport oper specif servic concern inland haulag contain port northern europ inland point europ part transatlant multimod transport oper organ sea transport market organ servic liner ship northern europ unit state organ basi schedul servic schedul servic consist number vessel gener make continu cross make call date port sail return trip northern europ unit state coast east coast gulf coast west coast round world trip direct organ schedul servic ship line frequent regroup share vessel servic withdraw vessel servic leas space vessel taa member compani particip capac share agreement group ship line agreement pre date conclus taa separ price agreement agreement limit capac util conclud taa member tradit commerci organ entri forc taa commerci organ trade tradition base system liner confer number ship line link confer agreement ship line remain independ oper outsid trade competit confer liner confer usanera neusara depend trade eastbound westbound market share order recent year publish tariff observ member featur ship tariff discrimin product gener basi higher good pai higher price lower good price ship good amount time price ship good rout case busi relat custom confer type custom paid tariff charg confer good ship confer member choic custom obtain discount confer member inform member independ rate action custom sign servic contract confer undertook ship minimum quantiti period price tariff rate confer oper atlant author member sign servic contract individu busi relat independ ship line similar custom paid independ ship line tariff sign servic contract independ ship line recent year transatlant trade independ rate action confer remain margin volum transport servic contract account trade negoti servic contract refer tariff remain import determin price servic contract ii econom context transatlant trade smallest major east west trade volum term largest world trade transpacif europ east trade major world trade import european economi illustr size transatlant trade total trade european commun unit state amount ecu billion european export ecu billion unit state export gener estim trade manufactur good account world trade term miscellan good account third term good trade sea substanti proport term trade europ unit state carri liner ship commiss precis inform good carri transatlant liner trade term volum direct transatlant trade northern europ unit state amount approxim million teu direct suppli transatlant trade growth capac drewri report put increas northern europ north america trade transatlant trade tend declin estim total capac transatlant trade fell westbound sector eastbound sector demand demand concern westbound traffic period greater eastbound traffic westbound volum northern europ north america includ canadian east coast exclud american west coast greater eastbound volum trend sector trade differ stagnat westbound sector growth eastbound sector gt tabl gt westbound sector stagnat volum term mark declin partli made year eastbound sector strong steadi growth trend taa figur gt tabl gt westbound sector continu enjoi strong growth eastbound sector shrank consider imbal eastbound westbound sector transatlant trade initi heavier westbound sector westbound volum greater eastbound volum point result eastbound volum catch westbound volum exceed creat slight imbal favour eastbound traffic estim eastbound volum exce westbound volum recoveri westbound traffic reduc imbal gap imbal observ eastbound westbound sector transatlant trade transitori fairli slight compar previou imbal exist trade compar major east west world trade imbal order transpacif trade oder easth trade contrast trend eastbound westbound demand caus revers imbal westbound volum exceed eastbound volum precis eastbound westbound sector back balanc quarter westbound volum exceed eastbound volum quarter year imbal prevail time taa establish revers util rate rate util vessel ratio volum demand total capac good indic market situat servic regular schedul servic excess capac rate util rare close util rate vessel estim westbound eastbound figur cite taa notif august drewri report decemb estim averag util rate trade northern europ unit state canada mexico gt tabl gt figur show stagnat westbound sector improv eastbound sector pattern correspond volum sector recit taa inform commiss averag util rate vessel gt tabl gt averag mask fairli larg dispar taa member util rate rang eastbound sector westbound sector member taa estim overcapac transatlant trade westbound sector eastbound sector realist light gener figur provid drewri report pessimist relat averag real util rate taa member drewri report estim util rate major world trade gt tabl gt transatlant trade compar major trade util rate strong sector eastbound low indic gener overcapac basi transatlant trade major east west trade overcapac greatest term trade volum hand util rate weak sector westbound order trade util rate westbound sector appear normal weak sector compar rate record eastbound transatlant sector concern taa member averag util rate confirm trend analys util rate rose westbound sector slip back slightli eastbound sector freight rate analysi freight rate complex matter rate vari wide type good averag depend natur good ship point similarli servic contract price lot cheaper tariff difficult quantifii effect lastli surcharg point inland haulag cost exce sea transport cost breakdown analysi sea transport section gener estim rate fell substanti displai trend gt tabl gt hand drewri report freight rate fallen westbound sector rose period eastbound sector taa revenu teu show trend gt tabl gt repres fall westbound sector stabil eastbound sector taa state rate westbound sector declin steadili reach low level year period prior establish taa light inform stagnat volum westbound sector steadi fall freight rate sharp improv volum eastbound sector period allow increas rate sector financi loss member taa state excess capac steadi fall freight rate result substanti loss transatlant trade shipown combin loss taa member oper transatlant trade amount taa rang individu ship line member taa inform commiss profit loss achiev term group belong ii term world liner ship activ iii term liner ship activ transatlant trade gt tabl gt loss transatlant trade express term volum ship sector equival loss teu taa loss reason member taa introduc loss elimin programm form rate increas spread period point result transatlant trade factor account shipown decid introduc capac atlant vessel oper atlant form part servic cover ocean taa servic offer januari pendulum servic includ time transpacif trade round world servic reason reason market presenc logist reposit empti contain provid servic transatlant rout consid shipown loss sector part iii role taa origin taa confer outsid eurocord taa enter forc shipown oper transatlant trade divid organ confer oper outsid liner confer oper unit state east coast europ liner confer oper unit state east coast northern europ westbound sector neusara confer eastbound sector usanera confer confer compris membership atlant contain line acl compagni générale maritim cgm hapag lloyd maersk line nedlloyd amp ocl sea land market share ship line trade unit state northern europ eastbound sector westbound sector main line oper atlant oocl cho yang line dsr senat mediterranean ship compani polish ocean line atlant cargo ship evergreen independ contain lyke star ship ship line oper trade market share sector confer link number outsid eurocord gulfwai agreement agreement term discuss agreement allow member discuss price tariff contract term condit transport agreement directli limit commerci freedom shipown bind decis outsid membership eurocord agreement evergreen polish ocean line mediterranean ship oocl lyke eurocord agreement subject detail inquiri commiss parti agreement inform letter date januari exempt pursuant articl justifi commiss decis prohibit agreement parti continu protect commiss fine notif accord regul eec continu activ pursuant agreement risk letter commiss wrote parti eurocord signific chang market situat occur membership north atlant confer parti eurocord agreement market restrict arrang enter includ conclus stabil agreement limit reduc capac trade posit reconsid light circumst relev time stabil agreement commiss meant specif agreement taa agreement genesi taa shipown eurocord discuss agreement suffici impos disciplin trade order achiev rate increas satisfi confer confer member earlier confer line independ north atlant met discuss limit vessel capac trade desir basi understand possibl eurocord agreement stress north atlant line manag karl heinz sager chairman senat line independ line belong confer eurocord agreement member taa consist defend structur liner ship bring confer confer line senat line mr sager structur natur tradit confer agreement econom problem encount recit prompt shipown discuss implement type stabil agreement hitherto unknown transatlant trade pacif confer member number confer carrier conclud agreement type taa previou flexibl forum discuss creat eurocord gulfwai agreement ad capac manag programm supplementari tool increas rate level type member main featur taa agreement product histori transatlant trade evid agreement current practic taa exist type member taa regroup proport trade agreement imposs confer agreement constraint tradition impos confer agreement difficult confer carrier accept reason insid taa independ freedom confer member respect tariff rate servic contract document taa confer member constitut structur member independ remain unstructur member structur member parti rate committe servic contract committe member oocl nyk particip usanera neusara confer join committe reason part oocl independ carrier oper vessel transatlant trade shortli introduct taa oocl withdrew vessel trade rent space vessel sea land amp nedlloyd structur member statu unstructur member longer justifi case oocl place alongsid confer member committe part nyk oper atlant gener member confer trade servic differ structur unstructur member mean take independ action ia appli tariff rate lower tariff taa structur member give dai notic unstructur member oblig letter commiss august explain taa structur prevent benefit block exempt grant confer reason rule gover ia taa modifi agreement decemb period prior notic taa member give dai prior notic ia evid taa kind member price level firstli taa document show unstructur member directli allow underquot structur member teu ii taa member agre unstructur member independ action establish rate differenti structur member conclud individu independ servic contract unstructur member allow greater room commerci manoeuvr thirdli unstructur member circumst part servic contract negoti servic contract committe structur member part servic contract negoti unstructur member fourthli transport rate structur unstructur member servic contract taa gather confer member adher standard north atlant confer practic independ wish maintain price flexibl framework allow rate level increas benefit type parti taa ii market power taa market share taa defin recit relev market embrac trade unit state port trade unit state canadian port statist relat direct transatlant trade unit state port taa market share direct transatlant trade impact volum pass canadian port taa market share trade concern estim member taa held market share direct transatlant trade cover geograph scope agreement market share taa line direct transatlant trade period gt tabl posit gt gt tabl gt gt tabl gt figur suppli taa volum trade unit state europ pass canadian port account westbound sector eastbound sector total volum ship unit state europ taa member estim volum pass canadian port carri compani member taa estim share market question held taa member approxim basi data point share westbound sector eastbound sector independ compani member taa fmc statist market share direct rout unit state northern europ compani remain independ taa gt tabl gt statist show princip independ compani member taa evergreen evergreen largest ship line world compani taa larg capac financi power commerci presenc market question global network allow expand rout evergreen posit exert competit pressur taa compani member taa evergreen account direct transatlant market figur leav independ ship compani member taa trade unit state port evergreen member eurocord discuss agreement agreement discuss evergreen member taa member eda includ member neusara usanera recit vast rang subject freight rate gener condit transport spite commiss letter refer recit taa member member eda intend maintain agreement oper alongsid taa order discuss freight rate condit transport evergreen possibl taa member ship line bear mind eda open membership agreement evergreen offer special equip open top flat top transatlant trade amount real altern taa shipper good equip evergreen numer work parti set taa initi suppos particip agreement exchang inform capac futur member taa evergreen remain independ taa maintain regular contact respect strategi taa member inform taa polici price consequ evergreen tariff recit lyke smaller compani evergreen oper trade northern europ unit state gulf coast member eurocord gulfwai agreement ship line independ taa smaller size small market share transatlant trade case sector market offer suffici frequent servic capac exert real competit pressur taa ship line engag trade canadian port cast canada maritim balt canada line taa compani account trade unit state canadian port share total trade relev market cast canada maritim hold relev market member exist confer trade canada northern europ member taa oocl pol acl hapag lloyd belong confer compet trade point canada trade unit state canadian port examin competit behavior cast canada maritim relev market account close cooper rate compani taa member belong confer northern europ canada trade compani undertaken offer confer rate common abovement taa member ship contain port northern europ canadian port destin canada adopt radic behaviour charg maritim transport good origin destin unit state addit part volum carri cast canada maritim market question canadian port handl merchant haulag maritim section journei respons shipown result rate charg servic fall author canadian confer major taa member conclud belong confer trade northern europ canada compani canada maritim cast posit exert effect competit pressur taa relev market analysi confirm evid set recit indic cooper taa member member canadian confer belong taa rate appli trade unit state compani balt canada line smaller capac cast canada maritim hold small share relev market potenti competit taa underlin import sourc potenti competit carrier present atlant capabl expand container servic offer container ship oper absent atlant capabl enter market sourc potenti competit taa refer convent carrier break bulk call special oper includ neo bulk roro special tanker present atlant base argument estim contain volum carrier offer switch tradit servic container servic taa state convers servic cost long servic convert econom competit special contain ship oper taa member transatlant trade major east west trade high volum trade servic regular high capac servic major world oper tend group order oper jointli instanc amp nedlloyd sea land servic nyk hapag lloyd nol servic trade order oper competit servic ship line suffici number larg modern vessel highli container oper increas suppli contain transport offer servic compet major oper container liner ship clear inform suppli taa vast major oper question offer monthli fortnightli servic taa weekli frequenc essenti compon servic qualiti servic likewis call limit number port northern europ unit state servic convert carri contain capabl exert real competit pressur container liner servic conclus born analysi potenti competit econom effect transport price rise level competit oper expect enter market delai differenti rate system appli sea transport mean good cost consider time ship highli probabl price paid order ship good includ larg profit element help subsid carriag good profit shipown container oper mention taa exert effect potenti competit market perman interest transport profit good convert part ship offer capac cream top market result differenti rate system appli difficult maintain fact oper establish atlant offer container servic signific presenc profit fring relev market clear evid exert effect potenti competit market container liner transport potenti competit exert container liner ship compani absent transatlant trade kind peculiar maritim transport sector refer mobil fleet eas trade penetr entrant mention eighth recit regul eec mobil fleet characterist featur structur avail ship field subject confer constant competit unabl rule elimin substanti proport ship servic question concern emphasi ad factor account case point special featur transatlant trade special featur agreement question state earlier transatlant trade high volum trade competit oper trade offer regular high capac servic suffici number larg modern ship special contain transport major world oper group order run joint servic taa schedul servic maersk servic oper individu cover vessel capac share agreement easi place ship trade exert effect potenti competit larg intern shipown possibl larg group shipown present provid suffici suitabl capac trade exert real competit major world shipown oper transatlant trade close link taa member operatin servic trade annex ii exhaust list agreement major taa intern oper main east west trade transpacif europ east trade particip oper eata tsa stabil agreement similar taa term freez capac show propens compani enter taa type agreement trade oper show mutual interest exert competit destabil taa type agreement forc world lloyd list articl quot annex ii taa kind agreement confer enabl unus excess capac artifici maintain trade offer flexibl framework fix rate potenti competit effect entri oper constitut credibl threat word entrant reason chanc make profit market leav incur excess cost maintain excess capac transatlant trade rais rate taa creat condit arriv capac suffici quantiti exert real competit liabl aggrav excess capac forc rate rapidli unremun level immedi make entrant activ unprofit mainten excess capac reduc incent penetr market momentarili profit limit pressur potenti competit cmp member taa wield consider market power posit exert pressur deter potenti competitor condit potenti competit effect shipown enter trade leav lose monei withdraw major trade transatlant trade damag commerci reput larg shipown substanti affect competit posit trade reduc futur prospect return trade demand pick cost withdraw market reduc incent shipown rapidli enter trade unlik exempt liner confer taa price fix framework flexibl permit integr outsid entrant reason possibl independ shipown introduc capac suffici quantiti trade taa remot structur taa make shipown interest transatlant trade seek enter framework taa share capac oper present larg asian shipown nky nol enter transatlant trade march framework joint servic hapag lloyd insid taa type entri exert effect competit taa final mexican shipown oper transatlant trade join taa april framework joint servic hapag lloyd point provid basi cautiou analysi notion potenti competit transatlant trade explain increas introduc taa januari dissatisfact creat ship line custom prompt arriv market oper offer real competit taa special featur transatlant trade taa substanti reduc impact potenti competit elimin altogeth account possibl entrant trade northern europ canada impact segment market question hand entrant trade mediterranean unit state exert real pressur relev market iii impact agreement member taa impos substanti structur liner ship price atlant time consider increas gener level freight rate impact structur price implement taa commerci relat organ manner recit price servic contract includ inland sector contain servic charg csc maritim transport termin handl charg thc currenc adjust factor caf bunker adjust factor baf charg limit impos minimum quantiti shipper enter servic contract servic contract exist annual volum low teu contain feet contain feet final price invoic vari natur good carri fix basi highli complex schedul tariff implement taa led member substanti modifi tariff structur transatlant trade firstli categori product rearrang tariff relat thereto regroup class tariff modifi structur chang analys case case basi determin size increas servic contract member contract committe includ major taa member negoti jointli contract committe member offer custom secretariat taa secretariat propos servic contract quantiti carri member shipown member contract committe particip case case basi contract contract committe negoti individu thirdli member taa longer accept servic contract annual quantiti teu shipper level gener oblig pai tariff expens servic contract fourthli servic contract propos basi port port transport caf thc csc inland transport main differ previou system li fact shipown longer guarante amount surcharg caf thc csc inland transport liabl chang period servic contract fifthli port classif chang port scotland north england denmark lose classif base port cargo pass subject supplementari charg arbitrari rang addit impact level rate object taa autumn introduc januari increas rang foot contain foot contain complex varieti made influenc taa price analys case case basi increas introduc decemb januari larg number shipper face larg price rise gener case amount addit taa sought impos larg increas short space time compar usual practic trade complain commiss condit deadlin impos taa price increas complaint shipper initi proceed commiss taa number price propos revis increas inplement substanti compar taa provid detail trend rate good repres volum westbound trade demonstr increas introduc relat return level abovement good increas chang beer chemic paper spirit motor vehicl part steel cabl tyre addit repli statement object april refer complaint lodg commiss taa increas impos shipper product rang number shipper face larg increas find altern mediterranean line compet taa case accept substanti rate increas recit appar figur taa manag impos larg gener increas freight rate compar europ unit state sector taa member claim increas order offset loss return rate level previous appli taa brought substanti chang market effect consider taa announc increas teu rate westbound sector effect market larg increas made taa major repercuss direct transatlant trade neighbour market confront signific increas freight rate charg taa short period notic shipper sought switch altern independ line benefit shock creat taa price increas gain market share time substanti increas tariff evergreen taiwan market share direct westbound trade rise quarter quarter time evergreen amend schedul tariff line made taa introduc rate increas compar slightli lower made taa safeguard competit posit taa part lost percentag point market share westbound sector member taa market share quarter period trade canada exert competit pressur market segment commiss inform suggest cooper taa canadian confer aim limit real competit impact trade canada taa member member canadian confer taa member detail tariff structur calcul method taa increas introduc januari inform transmit suffici notic enabl canadian confer introduc similar increas canadian confer inform shipper schedul tariff system port tarif substanti increas servic contract rate result condit similar offer taa enter forc februari effect taa made felt trade mediterranean seusa confer cover trade mediterranean alter tariff line taa introduc number signific increas member confer belong taa maersk nedlloyd amp sea land trade mediterranean benefit increas impos taa trade unit state pass mediterranean grew quarter increas northern european port shipper base south franc catchment area decid switch part cargo mediterranean port increas impos taa altern larg major shipper northern europ affect taa commiss awar larg major shipper trade longer offer real altern taa independ oper trade run virtual full capac longer accommod addit transport demand effect capac manag programm cmp argument put forward taa justifi cmp notif agreement taa member explain capac manag programm intend deal problem imbal eastbound westbound volum excess capac creat westbound sector cmp implement westbound sector taa member reserv agreement extend eastbound sector repli march taa member explain aim taa ration trade physic withdraw excess capac cmp indispens ration programm implement cmp serv tackl problem eastbound westbound imbal season fluctuat demand cyclic excess capac argument difficulti ration trade ration physic withdraw capac commiss note ration aim taa regard ration trade physic withdraw capac taa repli march refer document date januari proof ration aim document brought commiss attent member taa seiz commiss check shipown taa gener level ration trade mention taa format object agreement agreement notifi commiss august ration state aim taa member inform commiss notif proceed programm futur ration trade commiss inform retroact ration measur taa member agreement member taa physic withdraw capac notifi commiss taa member state notif august aim taa avoid physic withdraw capac agreement provis relat physic withdraw capac regul excess capac provid taa ensur exist capac withdrawn perman market increas amount excess capac adjust provid taa agreement relat level capac maintain intend lead ration programm lastli capac mainten programm notifi commiss unchang proport excess capac approxim year recit notif made taa member capac withdraw programm account capac mainten programm post facto capac withdrawn taa member capac mainten programm modifi recit point provid basi conclud taa member regard ration capac major object agreement enter agreement aim ration trade substanti physic withdraw capac cmp mean ration taa explain repli march cmp mean ration trade withdraw capac commiss convinc introduct sale quota cmp gener purpos reduc excess capac contrari quota permit rule mainten excess capac expens client consum clear explan taa histori trade capac physic withdrawn capac exchang charter agreement small number shipown order taa explain repli date juli question commiss precis link taa ration measur undertaken taa state connect framework cooper rate facilit implement capac exchang agreement member refer made cmp repli lastli repli statement object interim measur annex taa outlin ration measur shipown implement taa refer made decis individu shipown capac exchang agreement small number shipown mention concert decis member taa taa explain repli march cmp ist purpos ration ensur mainten market share oper withdraw ship mainten market share oper includ ration servic prima faci prerequisit regul suppli demand importantli capac share agreement refer enabl oper withdraw ship maintain commerci oper market share irrespect cmp argument put forward taa valid light consider evid taa cmp mean ration trade physic withdraw capac regard argument support cmp eastbound westbound imbal season fluctuat cyclic excess capac account fact set eastbound westbound imbal taa argu applic cmp westbound sector justifi imbal order recit sort imbal usual liner ship fairli limit scale compar histor pattern trade justifi suppli limit arrang exce note imbal diminish disappear recit imbal revers westbound volum exceed eastbound volum quarter difficult circumst understand econom point cmp westbound sector emerg imbal disadvantag eastbound sector lead introduct cmp deal argument cmp justifi imbal eastbound westbound sector weak respect unfound case season fluctuat cmp intend deal season fluctuat demand fluctuat taa match fluctuat instal capac proport excess capac maintain follow season trend demand taa demand tradition weakest quarter strongest fourth quarter westbound sector proport excess capac maintain initi taa commun commiss taa notifi august success monthli period entri forc agreement period period period fourth period period sixth period seventh period eighth period initi capac manag programm intend follow season fluctuat demand taa subsequ revis capac manag programm volum rise real capac cut place june taa suppli programm period period period fourth period period sixth period seventh period eighth period programm seek pace develop season natur clear taa instrument design deal season fluctuat demand cyclic excess capac point state trend reduct suppli westbound septemb januari member taa act independ agreement proper withdrew ration capac total taa capac fell approxim result commiss awar capac transatlant sector fell percentag point demand side volum westbound sector grew give increas period westbound transatlant trade dip volum climb back reach highest level year taa explain situat cyclic excess capac addit taa state excess capac volum increas capac fall time commiss fail excess capac trade cyclic shown cmp instrument design deal cyclic excess capac conclus cmp light aspect cmp oper todai specif mean deal crisi caus imbal eb wb trade excess capac wb sector allow ration trade carri tool intend maintain unus capac artifici rais artifici level freight rate westbound sector drewri report anticip assum cmp maintain westbound sector forecast trend averag rate gt tabl gt implement capac manag programm cmp westbound sector justifi light econom fact trade ship price europ unit state artifici increas impos extra cost european firm export unit state argument put forward taa justifi cmp possibl appli trade unit state europ appli trade europ unit state european fleet argument put forward taa member support agreement defenc european fleet contend shipown suffer prohibit taa commiss european proport world liner fleet belong european ship line declin significantli year share held asian compani grow rapidli largest world ship line european account capac asian ship line account capac oper transatlant trade european compani slightli larger share market commun ship line account volum taa equival total volum transatlant trade commun european ship line includ european ship line account volum taa equival total volum transatlant trade european ship line posit north atlant rest world main advantag taa procur european ship line increas rate impos result reduct elimin loss suffer market commun line deriv benefit rate increas introduc taa benefit commun member account member taa taa capac note respect taa enter forc ship line commun join ship line benefit situat creat taa independ increas market share time increas rate main ship line kind evergreen taiwan lesser extent lyke unit state atlant cargo sweden icl unit state point effect taa commun ship line fairli complex help restrict elimin loss market hand benefit commun ship line parti agreement brought bigger benefit commun line oper atlant parti recit commun line lost market share agreement forc lastli aim taa restructur trade ensur long term competit european fleet increas rate capac freez produc temporari improv profit european line atlant enabl control cost secur last improv competit posit case suffer lack competit difficult view taa oper effect durabl mean protect defend european fleet iv complaint commiss receiv complaint parti port author octob union professionel pour import de denré alimentair octob committe north sea port forward agent octob support fédération français de organisateur commissionnair de transport ffoct march european shipper council esc novemb support letter german shipper council dsvk novemb novemb french shipper council cnut decemb british shipper council bsc decemb support letter irish export associ februari spanish shipper council march forward agent april bifa british intern freight associ april clecat comité de liaison européen de commissionair auxiliair de transport nation industri transport leagu juli port author complain introduct rang addit point relat danish port committe north sea port forward agent clecat ffoct complain agre rate includ port charg inland freight exempt pursuant articl treati appli matter medium size forward compani complain taa appli discriminatori condit compar condit grant largest forward agent rate expens british intern freight associ complain discriminatori condit appli taa unit kingdom forward agent consid practic abus domin posit esc argu taa confer meet requir articl treati ask commiss januari interim measur taa dsvk complain rate fix respect inland transport capac manag programm artif reduc capac reduc cost complain refus negoti part taa imposit tariff econom justifi sudden larg increas tariff jeopard export unit state deliber suspens capac amount refus deal march spanish shipper council wrote commiss exempt request member taa grant point exempt grant monopoli line obstacl obtain sea inland transport servic normal market condit nation industri transport leagu nitl associ shipper oper unit state compris member repres shipper directli affect taa eastbound westbound sector nitl consid taa anti competit discriminatori agreement caus continu substanti harm shipper agreement impos unreason unjustifi rate increas reason restrict scope conclud contract shipper shipown sound commerci relat led unreason discrimin small shipper cnut french shipper council complain ground abus domin posit demonstr sudden larg increas tariff good imposit unfair trade condit breach articl treati artifici limit suppli transport breach articl und treati artifici share market member agreement breach articl treati discrimin shipper breach articl treati fix common tariff inland haulag breach articl ec treati regul eec eec agreement member confer oper canada europ cnut request adopt interim measur pursuant articl regul eec bsc complain taa infring articl eec treati taa limit control share suppli sea inland transport technic develop invest detriment shipper directli indirectli fix unfairli impos transport rate condit trade condit respect servic appli dissimilar condit equival transact trade parti place competit disadvantag limit teu mention recit bsc ask commiss adopt interim measur taa requir taa member termin taa agreement pursuant articl regul eec bsc firm commiss submiss support complaint cnut firm commiss submiss support complaint dsvk attach letter novemb view firm taa enter detail lengthi complaint lodg french british shipper mention made busi relat develop complain shipper shipown member taa shipper emphas great difficulti encount negoti servic contract negoti directli shipown choic fact taa made imposs deal directli individu shipown maintain busi relat supplier custom appear reason larg number protest european firm export unit state part iv legal assess assess light articl taa consist connect element agreement slot space charter equip exchang price agreement inland transport price agreement port activ price agreement maritim transport capac util agreement maritim transport defin recit commiss decis deal element element concern commun agreement price capac util maritim transport price agreement inland transport contain commun price fix agreement respect maritim transport liner ship compani undertak mean articl treati price fix agreement respect maritim transport ship compani member taa agreement undertak mean articl agreement recit object effect restrict competit common market member taa restrict competit regard tariff freight rate gener transport condit agreement caught articl treati articl agreement restrict practic capabl affect trade member state fall scope provis case law court justic case hoefner elser macrotron court instanc case bpb industri british gypsum commiss show connect establish exist actual effect trade member state condit effect trade deem fulfil intra commun trade potenti affect signific extent price agreement capabl appreci affect trade member state wai taa cover ship line oper member state restrict competit line respect servic price offer reduc shipper choic ow agreement european shipper find advantag ship good countri situat servic transport oper countri artifici determin trade condit inher taa elimin reduct competit respect servic price ship line capabl reduc signific extent benefit deriv effici shipown turn affect normal interplai gain loss market share place absenc taa restrict competit shipown oper member state influenc affect trade maritim transport servic european commun mainten artifici exchang share commun market servic restrict competit ship line reduct shipper choic influenc competit port member state artifici extend diminish catchment area collect agre definit port serv member taa base port auxiliari port impair competit port deflect trade servic make distant port econom closer port recit made taa classif irish scottish scandinavian port alter econom attract capabl result deflect transport servic port member state abovement restrict competit trade transport servic member state modifi pattern trade good transit result port member state absenc restrict affect trade relat servic link transport good restrict capabl indirect effect trade good market provis transport servic distinguish market good transport separ complet cost mean transport appreci impact trade good restrict competit provis transport servic analys refer effect market servic question refer indirect effect trade good transport reason effect trade member state result price agreement taa transport rate fix taa account substanti part final price good transport member agreement market world includ commun chang price charg transport articl import member state affect competit articl comparison compet good origin member state alter trade flow good insid commun similarli chang price charg transport articl export member state europ affect competit articl export market induc export outlet commun member state fix price transport good suffici affect competit good export import commiss consid kind effect indirect fall scope articl ec treati judgment court justic case bnic aubert concern agreement respect semi finish product region produc constitut raw materi product market commun court held agreement capabl affect trade member state present case commiss consid transport rate analys capac util respect maritim transport maritim transport capac util agreement recit conclud member taa respect maritim transport activ agreement undertak mean articl treati agreement object effect restrict competit limit control product mean articl member taa restrict substanti competit capac vi vi limit volum offer market agreement capabl affect trade member state appreci extent wai limit capac offer member taa east west direct westbound sector modifi reduc volum transport servic europ unit state reduct volum servic sold ship line member state princip place busi affect trade servic member state chang suppli servic port artifici transfer transport servic commun port capabl affect trade transport servic member state explain recit effect trade transport servic direct effect pattern trade good trade relat servic link transport good main effect capac util agreement respect maritim transport bring gener increas freight rate consider set recit appli agreement capabl affect trade member state appreci extent price fix agreement respect inland haulag taa european inland tariff agreement agreement scope articl regul eec liner ship compani member taa undertak mean articl regul eec reproduc term articl treati directli fix rate condit inland element multimod transport servic restrict competit mean articl regul eec price agreement inland element transport servic offer taa member capabl affect trade member state appreci extent fix rate charg member port oper inland point commun vice versa taa agreement rate inland element europ affect competit port influenc rout cargo member state similarli price agreement chang natur relationship shipown inland transport undertak influenc commerci behaviour inland transport undertak oper member state liabl affect trade inland transport servic member state collect fix inland transport tariff irrespect port serv ship line member taa alter natur catchment area port fall taa scope neutral econom advantag shorter distanc port confer inland transport servic member state affect ow fact natur itinerari determin shortest distanc port serv transport undertak inland point vice versa transport condit relev previous argument recit regard price fix agreement maritim transport appli analog price fix agreement inland transport order show capabl affect trade member state conclus articl commiss consid taa agreement includ agreement fix price maritim inland transport limit util capac maritim transport agreement restrict competit fall scope articl ec treati ii articl treati order determin taa capabl fall scope articl treati stage analysi carri determin agreement stand cover block exempt liner confer provid articl regul eec block exempt determin agreement qualifi individu exempt block exempt articl regul eec grant block exempt agreement member liner confer object fix rate condit carriag case object list point provis articl regul defin liner confer group vessel oper carrier intern liner servic carriag cargo rout rout geograph limit agreement arrang natur framework oper uniform common freight rate agre condit respect provis liner servic member taa legisl intent adopt regul eec normal confer practic continu unregul trade open artifici restraint justifi intervent safeguard mechan articl ital ad emphasi member taa assess cover complianc organ trade council polit object understood taa member complianc formal agreement word regul eec commiss accept interpret consid verifi agreement fall scope formal defin council articl regul eec exempt gener principl prohibit restrict agreement provid articl interpret broadli taa member taa liner confer agreement exempt articl regul main reason establish rate level util capac price fix respect maritim transport definit exempt liner confer articl regul eec member confer oper uniform common freight rate regul eec unctad code conduct definit liner confer regul eec word word unctad code conduct liner confer link adopt regul eec ratif access unctad code conduct made clear recit council regul eec ratif member state access unit nation convent code conduct liner confer recit regul eec commiss view code import factor born mind interpret concept exempt liner confer commun law unctad code refer tradit liner confer common practic refer occasion practic engag time past liner confer exist world contrari taa contend cover commerci principl appli ship line member confer cover set minimum maximum differenti tariff taa refer repli date march main acknowledg featur confer essenti characterist member agre quot freight rate maritim transport product regular servic uniform freight rate charg member liner confer essenti confer mean code regul eec requir gener literatur liner confer extract purpos ship confer regul price competit primarili establish uniform freight rate term condit servic member ship line foremost item confer contract agreement charg uniform freight rate liner confer ring consist group liner ship compani combin exclud competit trade oper charg uniform freight rate distribut sail account agreement understand exist line carri unit kingdom contin rate charg similar articl guarante uniform rate li chiefli fact confer system base agreement line charg rate freight requir ist set articl unctad code state confer tariff drawn simpli class categori depend necess trade freight rate commod class categori ital ad emphasi liner confer enjoi reach block exempt belief plai stabil role stabil unctad code provid common price level freight rate regular servic uniform confer level assist shipper assur maritim transport servic price shipown order qualifi exempt activ liner confer set level rate member rate differ wide type cargo distinct discrimin phrase uniform common admit interpret order fall block exempt liner confer suffici group carrier set freight rate tariff structur vari member discuss joint structur order shipper secur stabil benefit envisag rate common establish common condit fulfil taa articl regul eec word uniform common freight rate mean rate laid tariff ident member confer commod concern adject respres viewpoint uniform rate mean transport articl shipper offer freight rate member confer common rate mean member confer offer freight rate transport commod shipper offer rate member confer transport articl charg ident price support commiss interpret found preparatori report unctad code explain central featur liner confer common agreement shipown oper trade charg uniform rate ident merchandis report unctad secretariat entitl liner confer system state confer basic agreement member charg uniform rate agre rate rule govern calcul freight charg confer confer tariff ital ad emphasi report note confer tariff consist specif rate commod confer charg uniform freight rate wide rang load unload port claim conveni trader similarli report unctad secretariat entitl regul liner confer code conduct liner confer system state liner confer group ship line oper rout basic agreement charg uniform rate note discuss led code committe european nation shipown associ censa propos similar definit member consult ship group work group unctad liner confer mean group vessel oper carrier gener cargo provid intern ocean schedul servic rout rout geograph limit natur agreement arrang framework oper independ quot uniform freight rate condit carriag common tariff ital ad emphasi interpret term uniform advoc taa uniform mean uniform rate vi vi shipper shipown encount difficulti document taa base interpret report royal commiss ship ring refer uniform shipown vi vi shipper spell link concept guarante uniform rate li chiefli fact confer system base agreement line charg rate freight rule rate merchant alik agreement difficult work confer weak individu line liberti offer prefer ital ad emphasi contrari taa claim document envisag uniform vi vi shipper achiev individu confer member collect confer object system ensur transport user offer rate shipown belong confer confer practic cite taa repli statement object taa cite number practic confer engag past set minimum maximum differenti tarrif exist confer separ categori member affect interpret meant confer set occasion practic cover code conduct literatur justifi specif condit taa member meet case event provid articl regul eec fact confer categori member point report unctad secretariat describ confer categori member full member associ member unlik full member associ member enjoi right provid confer agreement sail right limit serv part rout cover confer exercis limit right subject oblig full member requir charg confer freight rate full member unstructur member taa repres rate contract committe match descript associ member unctad report sail right member taa requir charg freight rate member recit confer set minimum maximum rate occasion practic contempl code conduct preliminari unctad report demonstr articl code conduct refer conver freight rate commod exampl differenti rate cite taa observ tradition system kind set specif case wide dispar qualiti servic offer confer member respect vessel natur servic system exist confer member offer convent break bulk servic steamship sail vessel older slower offer servic kind gener accept justif kind taa member structur unstructur provid container servic broadli similar qualiti frequenc ten servic provid taa weekli taa member vessel container servic offer taa provid structur unstructur shipown oper jointli justif differenti rate condit taa situat exist individu case cite natur servic offer unstructur member fundament offer structur member agreement confer independ real purpos introduct differenti rate case taa bring independ insid agreement allow quot price lower confer member independ continu outsid compet confer term price advantag confer member limit activ outsid competit offer system substanti reduc effect competit outsid exist main safeguard block exempt liner confer object reveal true natur taa emerg point made refer recit seq describ recent histori trade document summar conclus meet member taa held geneva januari footnot speech presid senat line member taa deliv shortli agreement enter forc type agreement seek disguis confer agreement outsid independ wish maintain price flexibl genuin liner confer agreement confer rate contract committe member structur member outsid unstructur member recit agreement benefit block exempt grant convent confer repli taa refer fact confer tradition type member full member associ member unlik unstructur member taa greater flexibl set tariff associ confer member restrict right term frequenc port serv requir compli rule confer regard rate effect type member taa kind amount tariff flexibl grant shipown flexibl remain independ exert real effect competit pressur confer member result flexibl contrari featur confer competit independ consider reduc elimin altogeth type agreement confer independ rate agreement apprais unit state depart justic term confer membership rate agreement confer meet major independ line fix rate confer monopoli power extend rate agreement encompass confer line agreement uniform rate parti agre rate carrier reflect servic variat factor rate agreement typic provid independ action agreement member confer member rate agreement line agre rate differenti confer confer rate uniform rate case respect confer apprais show object price agreement limit competit pressur exert confer shipown taa suggest freight rate agre common shipown common rate qualifi block exempt secur common level price rang possibl wide rang freight rate level reason taa fact agreement price ship line exempt provid reach common obviou featur agreement kind liner confer interpret tantamount treat articl regul automat derog articl treati kind agreement kind unterstand price maritim sector criteria bring articl plai make articl regul applic automat interpret imposs make articl regul incompat articl treati exempt circumst present case independ rate action commiss take view interpret set necessarili exclud scope regul eec block exempt liner confer open unit state confer subject unit state ship act act requir confer serv unit state member depart confer tariff take independ rate action ira independ action ia option member confer quot freight rate articl lower confer tariff provid notic dai confer offer gener level common price plai stabil role frame refer shipper system differenti rate taa provid frame refer kind price level commod practic member unit state confer take independ rate action basi respect commod action rule result gener price level jeopard confer stabil role option fact exercis limit unsystemat fashion member neusara usanera confer structur member taa regul eec departur common tariff loyalti arrang agre confer shipper exempt articl subject condit articl shipper undertak remain loyal confer contract arrang member confer offer freight rate advantag offer shipper agreement confer rate appli uniform fashion qualifi shipper good transport member confer independ rate action option depart common tariff practic open member confer equal treatment member confer featur tariff except system differenti rate categori member agreement taa definit open member compani distinguish departur tariff reason commiss take view requir uniform rate contradict independ rate action provid unit state legisl properli exercis decis agreement shipown tier price exempt articl regul eec basic requir confer rate offer uniform rate confer secur shipper benefit justifi grant block exempt time continu subject effect competit outsid case differenti system rate provid agreement order associ confer shipown price agreement confer member commiss take view rate agreement confer agreement fall scope exempt conclus number reason set hold taa liner confer explain member taa commiss letter august histori trade evid intent taa incept present practic show agreement fact agreement confer shipown effect independ price fix agreement confer mean articl regul eec exempt articl regul capac util taa confer agreement scope articl regul eec capac manag programm set taa member exempt articl regul reason firstli regul eec concern tradit normal activ liner confer unctad code exempt articl commiss propos grant block exempt liner confer clear light code conduct unctad report refer main restrict activ exempt price fix refer capac concern secondari problem relat season fluctuat port sail alloc larg scale horizont capac reduct freez capac proport left unus born mind purpos confer provid regular adequ effici servic shipper common rate confer grant block exempt stabil effect price stabil price facilit provis shipown regular effici reliabl servic point princip object state articl unctad code conduct entitl adequaci servic confer measur ensur member line provid regular adequ effici servic requir frequenc rout serv arrang servic avoid bunch gap sail confer consider special measur arrang servic handl season variat cargo volum ital ad emphasi purpos capac regul coverag port serv confer time drive freight rate member decid analysi success propos led adopt regul eec show regul carri capac offer member spoken articl meant refer agreement aim improv schedul servic offer agreement main object secur substanti increas freight rate capac regul provid understood context tradit activ liner confer aim provis regular frequent reliabl servic hand hand determin coordin alloc sail call member confer basi port serv choic type vessel meet confer commit provid regular reliabl adequ servic larg geograph market involv carri capac offer member conjunct activ list articl regul eec capac regul determin member confer state type vessel state capac sail date port serv confer order provid regular reliabl adequ servic shipper explanatori memorandum commiss propos octob articl deal exempt activ confer price concern account fact sea transport character consider fluctuat busi season demand cargo capac shipown user price agreement introduc stabil ocean freight ration agreement logic consequ price agreement order avoid competit extend offer capac ensur proper servic difficult port shipown conclud agreement call capac elabor pool agreement stipul share tonnag revenu assur regular transport merchandis alongsid merchandis carriag remun capac regul context provis schedul servic member confer intend good remun carri port handl smallest volum cargo properli serv regular servic offer regul capac mean articl understood capac adjust facilit organ confer member sail call order improv regular reliabl frequenc servic port serv capac adjust account season short term fluctuat demand sentenc articl unctad code commiss propos octob refer articl contempl freez capac main purpos increas freight rate freez kind event tradit activ liner confer repli statement object taa cite number histor exampl includ case detail mechan capac freez similar cmp set mechan design adjust capac limit number sail establish pool capac regul exempt articl consist temporari adjust amount physic capac withdraw vessel reduct frequenc servic meet season reduct demand articl exempt capac utlil agreement taa effect rais level price involv improv servic offer interpret articl regul eec compat articl treati commun regul interpret cast doubt compat treati articl understood exempt liner confer make unlimit capac reduct limit capac util freez proport capac safeguard conjunct price fix difficult compat articl liner confer entitl make structur volum suppli level price refer demand alter freight rate refer suppli demand mechan interpret reason compat articl restrict regard meet condit articl sector activ commiss consid taa parti demonstr special featur maritim transport justifi systemat grant exempt restrict competit contrari current competit law practic sector commiss twelfth report competit polici cite footnot exempt activ list articl author incident price fix oper confer price fix block exempt appli author intend chang freight rate substanti stabil adjust phrase point articl regul carri offer member recit interpret permit activ secondari price fix exempt activ list articl capac adjust accompani timet sail call liner confer member season fluctuat demand incident main activ point interpret natur point list articl present case recit cmp capac regul tool object intend deal eastbound westbound imbal season cyclic fluctuat maintain taa tool intend primarili suspend unus capac artifici maintain trade price european export artifici increas capac manag tool regard fall scope articl regul eec price fix inland haulag taa member refer articl regul eec provis author fix collect price inland haulag liner confer taa claim benefit exempt grant liner confer liner confer author block exempt enjoi member fix inland rate collect applic articl regul eec concern commiss consid scope block exempt wider scope regul eec articl regul appli intern maritim transport servic commun port emphasi ad clear provis inland transport form multimod door door transport cover regul maritim scope fall block exempt articl block exempt articl refer exclus port port rate titl articl regul eec clear respect exempt agreement carrier oper schedul maritim transport servic born recit regul maritim transport state case inland transport organ carrier continu subject regul eec recit show respect multimod door door transport maritim part fall scope regul eec taa argument infer articl regul eec block exempt appli multimod transport organ liner confer convinc argument origin misinterpret natur oblig impos articl provis refer confer tariff condit offer individu line mean articl regul author price fix inland element multimod transport servic requir individu ship line wish benefit block exempt permit merchant haulag publish term condit relat carrier haulag articl oblig titl attach block exempt explicit impli extens block exempt grant articl find born fact european parliament propos amend articl draft version regul maritim transport abovement exempt cover intermod transport maritim transport includ transport prior subsequ thereto propos adopt council reject amend council confirm content agreement fix inland transport rate cover block exempt provid articl regul eec fulfil condit laid articl regul eec parti agreement benefit individu exempt pursuant articl articl regul commiss opinion except exempt provid regul eec appli taa agreement inland rate fix articl regul eec concern taa agreement inland rate technic agreement mean provis agreement made competitor market price commerci agreement sole object effect achiev technic improv cooper articl regul eec concern exempt contain provis group small medium size undertak applic threshold articl satisfi taa member carri provis hire subcontract capac account joint capac taa member greatli exce limit provid articl conclus commiss consid taa cover block exempt provid articl regul eec except block exempt present agreement amend fell scope block exempt articl regul eec commiss withdraw benefit block exempt pursuant articl regul ground elimin competit recit assess taa benefit individu exempt individu exempt maritim transport agreement point court instanc held case publish associ commiss exempt pursuant articl treati sought incumb applic undertak prove satisfi condit laid point exempt sought pursuant articl place undertak concern present commiss evid establish econom justif exempt commiss object rais submit altern commiss event true commiss give undertak indic solut legal requir bound accept propos consid incompat condit laid articl improv product distribut good promot technic econom progress taa main advantag produc agreement question stabil recogn regul eec advantag mean condit articl treati commiss take view natur stabil produc taa envisag regul eec term intend object mean object stabil taa maintain featur schedul transport servic suppli transport servic constant short term adjust short term fluctuat demand low short term margin cost absenc anti competit agreement result volatil transport price context cooper tariff confer member enabl freight rate stabil rate constant level long period typic year taa assert stabil rate time render achiev broader stabil suppli reliabl servic taa suppli servic essenti element cooper shipown commiss unabl accept analysi view distinguish regular reliabl price stabil regular essenc liner servic constitut special featur compar unschedul tramp servic reliabl suppli transport servic mainten time schedul servic provid shipper guarante servic suit price stabil mainten freight rate constant level liner confer accord set structur recit substanti period time stabil contrast volatil market natur gener absenc confer agreement commiss view price stabil constitut object scope articl treati reason stabil rate schedul servic enabl shipper advanc cost transport product sell price market destin time vessel confer shipown involv stabil rate enabl shipown forecast incom accur make easier organ regular reliabl adequ effici servic commiss recogn pursuant regul eec organ regular adequ effici servic circumst tandem price agreement requir addit cooper confer member timet sail call frequenc capac offer alloc cargo revenu capac adjust accompani timet rout port serv season short term demand tariff cooper kind complementari fix freight rate help ensur regular reliabl adequ effici servic stabil refer taa seek mainten exist servic surviv compani engag trade fa preserv profit stabil rate provis regular reliabl adequ effici servic interpret concept stabil spell taa qualifi word excess stabil council minist refer recit regul eec result elimin sever consequ extrem fluctuat demand rate level excess exit excess entri trade put cooper ship line liner confer cooper relat price capac regul regul eec ninth recit design avoid exit trade time slack demand signific number commit carrier entri trade signific number carrier histori long term associ commit trade shipper trade concern preserv exist oper evid taa propos analysi ration trade import maintain market share singl oper afford remov capac risk lose market share oper fact prepar leav trade confid oper act similar manner ital ad emphasi stabil guarante reliabl regular adequ effici servic stabil understood guarante mainten trade taa member effici envisag eighth recit regul eec mean articl necessarili mean stabil contempl regul eec achiev exempt confer reflect balanc restict price agreement mainten real effect competit stabil envisag taa sever limit real effect competit integr independ taa leav substanti proport capac unus differ stabil mean regul eec stabil understood taa clear analysi real object cmp taa cooper rate capac need order maintain stabil event overcapac object cmp trade ration physic withdraw capac regul remain overcapac eastbound westbound imbal season cyclic fluctuat demand analysi econom data trade recit show cmp address object ration trade concern commiss take view explain recit purpos taa ration trade physic withdraw capac contrari consid cmp establish intend maintain overcapac regard regul remain excess capac cmp address alleg object cmp instrument suspend capac line season variat demand indispens regul excess capac season variat demand recit cmp intend regul cyclic excess capac movement suppli demand year light analysi recit clear westbound atlant trade longer suffer cyclic overcapac cmp indispens manag type excess capac westbound volum exceed eastbound volum cmp intend suspend capac westbound sector problem eastbound westbound imbal eastbound sector conclus cmp problem eastbound westbound imbal cmp tool maintain excess capac artif rais freight rate westbound sector recit taa serv object maintain oper preserv servic member object stabil mean regul eec econom object scope articl treati term object mean form stabil impos taa essenti achiev system exempt confer conclus test articl form stabil refer taa stabil taa servic oper result integr independ util substanti proport capac constitut advantag mean test articl treati reason set enabl effici taa oper remain trade artifici mean price remain higher taa gener addit benefit confer organ term effici adequaci servic offer taa maintain servic suffici qualiti reliabl shipper revers inclus independ taa caus excess restrict competit bring addit benefit technic econom point view compar tradit confer system agreement util exist capac arrang taa solut capabl promot effici transport servic bring cost benefit true ration suppli servic reason commiss consid taa contribut improv technic econom progress improv product distribut maritim transport servic transatlant trade lastli prohibit direct individu busi negoti structur member taa shipper oblig client discuss transport rate taa secretariat confer member independ taa limit opportun direct cooper partnership medium long term supplier client consum fair share benefit taa aim keep oper form stabil secur exempt confer taa pursu object scope articl treati neg implic user short medium term taa impos sever limit capac led substanti increas price freight rate demonstr increas implement januari comparison order vast rang product increas announc taa busi plan increas directli contrari interest shipper oblig pass sell price profit margin main object taa bring benefit consum commiss receiv larg number complaint shipper forward agent recit show contrari taa content shipper forward agent feel taa fair share result benefit util agreement consequ increas accompani advantag term qualiti servic taa permit consider rapid increas freight rate regard allow consum fair share benefit longer term taa cmp prevent part exist capac elimin action reduc transport cost make client carri burden unutil capac strateg decis shipown number vessel transatlant trade point capac util agreement continu appli trade long time induc shipown invest anticip demand run risk capac util agreement protect measur consequ excess suppli profit capac regul benefit shipper capac withdrawn transatlant trade lead reduct cost price purpos taa genuin capac reduct ongo mainten overcapac rais price light evid commiss consid taa client shipper forward agent parti complan agreement fair share benefit mean articl indispens restrict object member taa bring stabil contempl regul eec trade parti taa demonstr agreement kind provid articl regul liner confer suffici purpos taa capac agreement addit price agreement significantli limit suppli servic case consid indispens achiev object set regul eec event recit cmp fact address object cite taa commiss take view cmp taa indispens alleg object agreement capac manag machineri similar cmp introduc unit state europ eastbound sector volum smaller europ unit state westbound trade capac manag taa member eastbound sector difficult understand indispens mechan westbound sector volum larger capac manag form cmp stabil tariff time period consider excess capac case inform provid taa util rate eastbound transatlant trade extrem low sign consider excess capac freight rate period stabl teu period capac agreement order rate stabl taa member assert notif agreement excess capac westbound direct state shipown withdraw lead inevit lower qualiti servic consequ proven trade experienc year withdraw vessel pol oocl ensu substanti lower qualiti servic taa seek illustr risk reduct qualiti servic cite cessat direct call vancouv seattl maintain link withdraw cgm taa explain end direct call vancouv seattl repres lower qualiti servic justifi agreement restrict taa cover transatlant trade attribut tendenc larg container liner servic concentr small number port taa explain equival declin qualiti servic brought absenc taa replac exempt confer lastli taa explain risk suppos exist justifi capac freez appli direct larger volum time demand grow reason commiss consid restrict competit taa strictli indispens achiev object stabil sought member possibl elimin competit respect substanti part servic question commiss consid taa afford member possibl elimin competit direct transatlant market respect substanti part transport servic question elimin competit insid taa commiss consid taa afford member possibl elimin competit taa member establish common capac offer market fix tariff common independ action notifi dai advanc member allow follow independ action withdrawn servic contract negoti common member negoti common member rate flexibl allow unstructur member result absenc uniform common rate mean regul eec mean compli confer rule repres effect competit rate flexibl agre taa member degre flexibl decid mutual agreement parti recit competit conduct unstructur member consider restrict agreement addit commerci independ unstructur member elimin relat suppli capac repli date march taa state taa secretariat role negoti decis make simpli carri administr duti transmit inform fact remain taa decis negoti price servic contract handl transmit secretariat client decis negoti common taa member respons individu line fact servic contract negoti conduct secretariat benefit taa member show degre commerci integr agreement role secretariat clear taa respons request inform duti function secretariat expressli includ conduct servic contract negoti taa parti member contract committe direct secretariat administ negoti agre execut contract behalf taa reli opportun independ action demonstr exist price competit member addit restrict possibl independ action recit commiss take view impact possibl traditon margin transatlant trade taa shown impact fact substanti volum term observ trade past creation genuin price competit devic proven taa point member competit qualiti servic frequenc reliabl port serv journei time multimod transport special equip mainten condit contain document custom support market container liner transport provid taa member qualiti servic secondari import compar price addit competit impact qualiti servic member larg negat restrict suppli taa member impos cmp effect cmp small influenc qualiti maritim servic clear observ made taa effect taa member reach quota cmp subcontract carriag taa member exce quota pai fine taa qualiti servic suffici import prevent cargo switch taa servic taa servic real effect competit taa member contrari statement taa absenc competit taa member clear trend respect market share month period consider price transport exist capac substanti shift respect posit shipown taa light fact clear taa afford member opportun elimin competit substanti part relev market taa member account substanti part relev market refer taa market share recit convinc taa member contest definit market propos commiss disput account substanti part market estim market share definit market relev market recit member taa held market share order taa market share basi data refer point westbound eastbound taa account substanti share relev market conclud taa afford member possibl elimin competit respect substanti part servic question mean articl treati competit taa fact clear scope competit taa prevent member taa elimin competit respect substanti part relev market direct transatlant trade competit evergreen main independ compani member taa assess light factor evergreen particip eurocord agreement recit evergreen low penetr market segment recit evergreen follow leader strategi recit addit evergreen ad capac trade appear satur capac westbound sector accept cargo shipper approach factor lead commiss evergreen deliber result incapac exert limit competit pressur taa competitor direct transatlant trade lyke atlant cargo icl smaller market share limit resourc evergreen suppli servic suffici volum frequenc exert real competit pressur taa largest independ lyke evergreen member eurocord agreement part preparatori meet view format taa increas impos januari result loss part westbound trade switch independ market share increas appreci earli quarter direct transatlant westbound trade evergreen lyke atlant cargo icl taa lost percentag point bring share westbound trade market share remain stabl produc result evergreen lyke atlant cargo icl taa share remain stabl increas volum transport independ compani bring signific capac trade canadian port trade northern europ port canada offer limit competit agreement reason trade offer potenti competit respect limit part north america territori cover taa unit state recit lead line independ taa member canada confer member confer member taa recit confer taa price polici revis tariff schedul increas rate degre collus taa member recit increas trade pass canadian port significantli gener increas westbound volum order repres signific volum compar transatlant trade port unit state ship line trade taa increas capac significantli conclus independ addit entri forc taa tariff notic independ line present market revis tariff schedul increas price parallel taa clear independ line profit rapid price increas implement taa satur capac longer cope demand collus taa due incapac ow weak posit relat taa market share compani sought engang real competit taa oblig pursu follow leader strategi commiss take view competit face taa line market offset possibl creat taa elimin competit substanti part relev market competit quarter reason set recit commiss consid trade mediterranean gener effect actual potenti competit market question member seusa confer oper mediterranean member state member taa seusa taa revis tariff schedul increas rate recit small size shift trade north european port mediterranean port increas impos member taa recit demonstr low degre substitut categori servic commiss consid transatlant trade tramp transport convent special transport gener effect competit larg major good custom container maritim liner transport recit sea transport gener consid potenti competit import sourc competit safeguard allow block exempt grant liner confer eighth recit regul eec sourc competit analys detail recit import conclus commiss take view degre potenti competit entri trade number larg container maritim liner transport oper present trade potenti competit limit special featur transatlant trade special featur agreement question recit potenti competit limit fact potenti competitor parti agreement taa member respect trade recit annex ii lastli commiss consid exist degre potenti competit exert real pressur taa member agreement enter forc final statement shipper effect accept negoti propos leav taa evid lack effect competit relev market reason commiss consid taa agreement afford member possibl elimin competit substanti part servic question individu exempt inland haulag price fix order determin fix common rate inland element multimod transport servic taa member qualifi individu exempt condit articl set articl regul eec examin technic econom progress articl regul eec condit fulfil prohibit articl regul appli agreement decis concert practic contribut improv qualiti transport servic promot greater continu satisfact transport market suppli demand subject consider tempor fluctuat increas product undertak further technic econom progress improv qualiti transport servic taa inland rate fix agreement improv qualiti transport servic contribut indirectli improv line particip taa european inland tariff offer inland transport arrang shipper qualiti vari carrier inland rate uniform part mean taa member incent improv inland servic offer shipper improv qualiti servic prompt client demand prompt price fix activ agreement direct negoti individu line client promot continu stabil market consider tempor fluctuat increas product undertak improv product distribut servic taa collect inland rate fix activ promot continu stabil inland transport market appli taa individu member subcontract inland transport oper road haulier railwai act intermediari inland transport servic market bui inland transport servic price inland transport undertak resel shipper uniform rate taa promot continu stabil inland transport market evid specif segment inland transport market taa member oper buyer seller time subject consider tempor fluctuat reason set recit increas product inland transport market achiev taa member line take account fact activ market part intermediari real provid servic transport user privat law act princip issu bill lade assum liabil oper respect directli provid inland transport servic subsidiari evid particip taa european inland tariff promot product improv product distribut inland transport servic shown taa member rate fix produc improv product servic simpli bought price road haulier railwai individu ship line resold price common line practic increas product servic distribut member line offer individu inland transport arrang evid agreement stand distribut achiev mean collect price fix repli aspect agreement taa member refer commiss argument put forward member eastern freight confer fefc dsvk fefc case investig commiss argument inland rate fix agreement intend ensur stabil multimod transport conjunct confer price agreement maritim element exempt regul eec argument regard valid taa agreement maritim transport agreement exempt pursuant articl regul eec inland rate fix agreement object taa agreement maritim element multimod transport servic regard meet condit articl treati condit articl regul eec conclus technic econom progress stem taa agreement common european inland tariff revers price fix member taa inland transport discourag invest expect competit reduct elimin competit member taa prevent shipown equip technolog lower price client gain market share lead invest joint fix price member taa inland segment multimod transport oper fail satisfi test articl regul eec fair share benefit commiss opinion transport user allow fair share benefit result taa inland rate fix agreement born mind european british french german transport user group european shipper council esc british shipper council bsc french shipper council cnut german shipper council dsvk complain specif aspect taa agreement forward agent repres organ committe north sea port forward agent clecat ffoct complain agre rate includ inland freight block exempt pursuant articl appli matter reason commiss consid agreement stand consum enjoi fair share benefit agreement restrict competit inland transport servic indispens restrict establish test satisfi respect econom advantag obtain provid upgrad multimod transport servic connect stress taa line part physic provid resel inland transport servic inland transport oper administ individu line offer servic custom restrict provid econom benefit indispens benefit argu promot technic econom progress result gener provis multimod transport servic develop perfectli grant individu exempt land activ taa born fact independ oper taa capabl provid good qualiti multimod servic individu basi fact member taa reli taa structur provid individu basi freight forward began provid door door servic shipper time maritim transport enter land transport market continu author form cartel continu futur ship line collect fix land rate repli taa assert inland rate fix agreement indispens stabil trade suppli reliabl liner servic agreement sole maritim element incap ensur stabil multimod transport servic agreement inland element ensur effect taa agreement maritim element argument regard valid taa rate capac agreement maritim sector meet condit articl treati taa inland rate fix agreement pursu object meet condit articl consid indispens mean articl articl regul eec question taa inland rate fix practis provid upgrad multimod transport servic answer neg elimin competit respect substanti part market condit requir grant individu exempt inland rate fix agreement met examin fourth test relat elimin competit satisfi conclus articl regul eec taa agreement fix price inland element multimod transport servic qualifi individu exempt pursuant articl regul eec conclus examin agreement shown claus taa provid price fix maritim inland transport util capac satisfi test exempt set articl treati adopt decis articl provis taa relat price fix capac infring articl ec treati articl applic articl ec treati articl regul eec provis taa refer articl decis refus articl undertak decis address requir bring end forthwith infring refer articl articl undertak decison address requir refrain futur agreement concert practic similar object effect agreement practic refer articl articl undertak decis address requir period month date notif decis inform custom conclud servic contract contractu relat context taa custom entitl renegoti term contract termin forthwith articl decis address member taa list annex brussel octob commiss karel van miert member commiss oj oj oj oj oj taa letter march taa letter april taa letter april north europ usa rate agreement neusara usa north europ rate agreement usanera confer oocl oper confer member ship nyk oper atlant servic explan presenc ship line committe set recit contract shipper ship compani shipper undertak ship minimum quantiti period exchang rate carriag tariff recit foot contain equal teu foot contain equal teu publish version decis inform hereinaft omit pursuant articl regul eec disclosur busi secret taa repli march annex repli articl tramp vessel servic defin articl regul eec charter parti contract entir ship princip part owner charter dictionari ship law hardi ivami taa refer charter sourc competit point seq tramp vessel charter tramp form transport form name term tramp refer unschedul ship charter common mean tramp vessel hire bill lade document set term contract shipper carrier includ clear alloc respons breakdown transport cost horizont load vessel call roro ship taa fact special vessel carri container load car econom suitabl contain transport lash lighter abroad ship transport transport barg hold special ship contain carri barg type ship suit river transport congest shallow port taa fact refer special carrier taa repli march point articl fold increas port handl product oj oj taa repli march point articl taa repli march point articl taa repli march point articl report produc purpos proceed dynamar present taa annex repli march articl container liner ship compani commiss account analysi market taa stress import weekli frequenc schedul servic qualiti servic point made traffic northern europ unit state canadian port account small share relev market recit compet servic port unit state unit state canadian law result taa subject unit state law cover traffic port unit state commiss awar shipper south franc shift traffic mediterranean port entri forc taa taa repli march point articl section unit state ship act stipul independ rate action mandatori trade unit state pierr bauchet le transport maritim economica pp strategi profit global contain ship drewri novemb figur taa notif august drewri contain market profit decemb drewri novemb includ taa notif august north america west coast drewri novemb includ taa notif august trade europ unit state coast exclud canada joc pier unit state liner trade review annual issu includ taa notif august europ north american exclud west coast trade drewri novemb taa notif august westbound eastbound trade europ unit state coast exclud canada joc pier unit state liner trade review annual issu includ taa notif august trade europ north america includ west coast canada drewri decemb westbound eastbound trade europ unit state coast joc pier taa repli juli european container export unit state move north european port taa repli march point articl figur present hear april taa letter june traffic coast unit state joc pier taa notif august trade coast unit state joc pier taa repli juli drewri decemb figur present hear taa april imbal figur suppli taa volum exclud tranship imbal trade europ unit state taa repli march tabl articl taa repli novemb request inform taa repli request inform drewri novemb drewri decemb rate base volum transport exclud militari cargo relai traffic lower actual rate vessel util notif august taa repli juli taa notif august drewri decemb drewri novemb refer taa notif august taa repli continent europ unit state atant coast trade rate maritim sector rang foot contain depend categori good ship current unit state dollar drewri decemb taa notif august current unit state dollar taa repli statement object april part taa repli request inform juli exchang rate commun taa repli annex taa member loss transatlant trade express term eastbound westbound volum carri taa member relev year point taa repli march point articl taa repli march annex articl fmc statist juli fmc statist juli eurocord ec eurocord discuss agreement eda commiss commun juli oj commiss commun march gulfwai oj editori journal commerc march point made line confer carrier independ line blur confer carrier independ line discuss rate capac programm time bother feder sanction confer journal commerc intern edit special report juli speech karl heinz sager chairman senat line bremen germani eurofreight confer brussel belgium april speech karl heinz sager chairman senat line bremen germani financi time confer amsterdam netherland rai intern exhibit centr novemb record meet futur member taa independ januari geneva independ member taa number point indic desir maintain differ treatment confer member independ minut gulfwai meet octob fefc confer europ east trade nyk particip taa repli commiss januari annex tariff format committe octob telex decemb highlight taa princip meet london novemb address dg iv complaint taa fix differenti rate committe line class tariff violat ec competit law line agre counsel file class tariff uniform common rate member rate committe line establish differenti independ action legal analysi recit taa propos novemb taa propos novemb propos servic contract rate structur member data shown round nearest tenth sourc joc pier reproduc taa notif august repli juli request inform annex tabl sourc joc pier special data run taa repli march tabl figur calcul similar basi total westbound eastbound volum combin figur suppli taa joc pier global contain report calcul basi figur suppli statist taa share direct transatlant trade northern europ unit state westbound sector eastbound sector cargo volum shown teu round nearest teu increment exclud bulk militari govern cargo taa reoli march point articl fmc statist juli taa repli march point seq articl taa revenu programm taa meet septemb taa tariff novemb taa propos novemb taa propos novemb octob taa propos novemb limit reduc teu hapag lloyd propos decemb letter decemb taa propos novemb taa propos novemb record gulfwai meet octob taa revenu programm letter taa cnut decemb letter fmc decemb letter bsc januari letter novemb letter taa decemb taa repli statement object interim measur joc pier includ taa repli statement object interim measur joc pier includ taa repli statement object interim measur fax articl describ canadian rout expens lloyd antwerp januari taa notif august taa letter commiss august taa notif august annex commiss twelfth report competit polici notifi taa agreement possibl capac exchang charter agreement recit taa notifi accord procedur rule forc specif agreement ration capac capac exchang charter taa repli june request inform annex taa repli march point articl taa repli march tabl articl containeris intern august taa repli request inform juli tabl ecr paragraph ecr ii paragraph sixth recit regul eec ecr paragraph taa repli statement object interim measur point taa repli statement object interim measur point opinion advoc gener van gerven case delim ecr point point amend propos regul eec oj commiss fifteenth report competit polici point align definit liner confer regul code conduct articl regul code conduct annex oj juda lawrenc unctad liner code unit state maritim polici crossroad westview press boulder colorado definit quot liner confer quot final approv word code limit concept liner confer tradit mean leav independ confer oper definit purview code code conduct liner confer indic fact code framer envisag continu role independ liner ship implicit text articl code treat fight ship state member confer fight ship confer trade purpos exclud prevent reduc competit drive ship line member confer trade diplomat confer adopt unctad code adopt resolut albeit bind natur resolv shipper depriv liner code option util confer line long line adher principl quot fair competit commerci basi quot croner world directori freight confer confer exist figur subject frequent variat fawcett conger nolan david unit state ocean ship histori develop declin confer antitrust exempt northwestern journal intern law busi volum herman amo ship confer lloyd london press london shah overview ship nation futur unit state liner industri unctad code bilater proceed workshop novemb center ocean manag studi edit lawrenc juda time press educ publish wakefield rhode island report royal commiss ship ring major report point point point ibid word selon le exig propr trafic spécifier taux de fret french languag version unintention omit english version stabil enabl shipper avoid effect excess unforese variat freight rate document final preliminari draft regul eec quot price safeti unctad report unit nation document td rev point confer argu provid fix rate stabl case confer normal circumst rate increas quot current month quot notic stabl rate fix transport element price shipper quot price make contract futur deliveri fear fluctuat freight rate introduc specul element point marx daniel intern ship cartel princeton jersei practic make rate lower fix percentag carrier destroi stabil detriment nation commerc unit nation document td rev point ibid point ibid point unit nation document td rev point censa document januari februari report royal commiss ship ring point unctad report refer recit herman ship confer refer continent north atlant westbound freight confer north atlant continent freight confer file fmc propos amend agreement provid divis membership class aa class aa quot lower rate class differenti rate request confer dispar kind servic suppli class class full contain servic class aa tradit break bulk servic ital ad emphasi liner confer system unctad chapter iii point associ member subject duti oblig full member respect cargo handl trade cover confer agreement point membership confer oblig line follow confer tariff rate rule regul confer membership confer elimin freedom line oper individu price polici sphere confer document mention footnot regul ocean ship industri report unit state depart justic januari ibid inform provid taa repli statement object case independ rate action member neusara usanera figur figur tini comparison number case independ rate action transpacif agreement member oper west coast unit state asia figur east coast unit state asia figur section feder maritim commiss report ship act septemb loyalti arrang chapter unctad report refer point decis point pp unit state ship act includ de facto ban loyalti agreement unit state trade section act usc app defin loyalti contract loyalti contract mean contract ocean common carrier confer servic contract contract base time volum rate shipper obtain lower rate commit fix portion cargo carrier confer section usc app common carrier conjunct person directli indirectli offer pai defer rebat loyalti contract conform antitrust law note system initi provid differenti structur unstructur member respect independ rate action demonstr price concern categori member structur member give advanc notic dai unstructur member oblig intend maintain price flexibl distinguish independ confer member system chang commiss letter august explain reason taa consid confer mean regul eec commiss consid proper exercis invok agreement order establish rate differenti categori parti agreement agreement constitut confer exempt regul eec eighth recit regul eec unctad report refer recit decis point commiss propos octob explanatori memorandum final oj articl unctad code conduct expressli refer fluctuat english version term shipper carrier mistak recit meaningless shipper correct term languag version regul talk carrier taa repli march annex point articl english version articl regul eec omit word sole includ origin text regul council regul eec articl eec articl oj ecr ii paragraph ibid paragraph judgment court justic join case vbvb vbbb commiss ecr case remia commiss ecr concept stabil footnot taa repli march point articl taa repli statement object interim measur point taa repli march point articl object protect weakest line put forward ship line disput unctad report point point view confer ship line claim confer system prevent elimin weaker ship line happen face free competit difficult advantag weaker line ital ad emphasi taa repli march point articl concept stablil recit footnot taa repli statement object march tabl disappear call number port northern europ taa repli octob inform provid taa repli statement object case independ rate action member neusara usanera figur figur tini comparison number case independ rate action transpacif agreement member oper west coast unit state asia figur east coast unit state asia figur section feder maritim commiss report ship act septemb analysi relat exclus servic taa repli march footnot taa repli march point articl record taa hear april show evergreen satur capac taa refer statement made evergreen repres newspap distribut unit state appear concern eastbound sector westbound sector discuss fmc statist juli taa repli march point gener view question fix overland transport rate liner confer group shipown commiss report applic competit rule maritim transport june sec ip annex list member taa sea land servic seattleweg nl perni rt moeller maersk line esplanaden dk koebenhavn atlant contain line ab cragwood road south plainfield jersei usa hapag lloyd ballindamm hamburg nedlloyd lijnen bv boompj nl xb rotterdam amp contain limit beagl hous braham street uk london ep msc mediterranean ship compani chemin rieu ch genèv oocl uk oocl hous levington park bridg road levington uk suffolk ip ne polish ocean line gdynia lutego poland dsr senat line gmbh martinistrass bremen cho yang ship compani cheong ahm build seosomun dong chung ku seoul korea nyk line europ beaufort hous st botolph street uk london ec ny nol neptun orient line tricom ship agenc exchang place jersei citi jersei usa transportación marítima mexicana sa de cv tmm av de la cúspide col parqu del pedreg tlalpan méxico df méxico tecomar sa de cv benjamin franklin méxico df méxico annex ii taa member refer larg independ intern shipown capabl enter transatlant trade competit taa tabl show agreement ship line belong major east west world trade agreement group time signific number taa member gt tabl gt asian shipown voic interest stabil agreement taa tsa eata asian shipown stabil pact call surpris call independ oper join liner trade stabil agreement made repres asian shipown organ unanim recommend particip line join transpacif transatlant europ asia stabil agreement issu asian shipown forum meet beij success appeal ensur chines repres back call china support surpris previous displai enthusiast attitud ship agreement confer addendum communiqu agre forum propos chines deleg quot recommend quot particip line join explor wai strengthen agreement import chines shipown cosco lloyd list annex iii market extract literatur due larg carri capac ship basic divis total market sea transport market sea transport full shipload market sea transport full shipload shipper full shipload primarili serv ship line maintain regular servic port schedul advertis advanc short liner ship jansson shneerson liner ship econom chapman hall tradit competit liner purpos tramp belong past futur competit liner tramp remain form bulk ship design bulk gener cargo contain number constitut sever threat liner trade form competit simpli gener increas volum intern trade borderlin gener cargo bulk gradual shift commod potenti liner cargo sugar rice minor bulk move quantiti suffici fill ship jansson shneerson liner ship econom chapman hall distinguish liner cargo bulk cargo presenc absenc packag true packag cargo close exhaust definit liner cargo jansson shneerson liner ship econom chapman hall result contain revolut natur competit ship fundament chang tramp move readili liner market disappear develop rout liner market domin cellular contain ship ital ad emphasi similar trend evid develop countri relianc flexibl ship part tramp market special semi bulk ship appli larg flow timber vehicl whilst rest incorpor liner sector container case carri flexibl ship associ contain tramp competit disappear competit ship type medium size parcel bulk semi bulk cargo bulk semi bulk ship provid fring competit carri contain gilman competit dynam contain ship gower find critic provis regular reliabl servic easi understand reason shipper larg consign posit charter ship requir shipper liner servic ital ad emphasi consign time small rel size ship trade produc consum good industri input import maintain suppli market time ship servic oper irregularli cost stockpil end trade high time high interest rate supplier capit good import give firm deliveri time tender project import sourc trade growth good previous trade open market good trade consign good small initi travel larg liner regular liner servic area aid develop export market graham hugh container eighti lloyd london press ship larg extent design specif trade result easili move trade vessel north atlant predominantli full contain vessel liner oper unit kingdom india africa tend break bulk vessel differ vessel type mirror natur commod transport container port infrastructur capabl inland transport system countri serv sletmo william jr liner confer contain ag macmillan full shipload tramp market vari tonn compar trade volum major bulk commod enorm term industri product industri product sold larg number market result flow market limit size high product make expens store produc minim time spent transit storag product natur econom ship quantiti bulk commod special condit sletmo william jr liner confer contain ag macmillan differ natur servic offer liner tramp signific shipper rout heavi popul tramp correspondingli high likelihood find tramp space typic lower rate want expect frequenc space shipper level requir regular frequenc shipper possibl tramp futur drawn forc demand evalu possibl term higher basi liner rate exact shipper wo liner tramp combin bennathan walter ship confer econom analysi journal maritim law commerc volum