commiss decis june declar concentr compat common market function eea agreement case comp man auwärter notifi document number german text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area eea agreement articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak amend regul ec articl thereof regard commiss decis februari initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss regard opinion advisori committe concentr januari man nutzfahrzeug ag munich man notifi commiss pursuant articl council regul eec merger regul propos acquir sole control gottlob auwärter gmbh amp kg stuttgart möhringen auwärter examin notif commiss conclud februari notifi oper fell scope merger regul rais doubt compat common market investig case commiss conclus propos merger creat strengthen domin posit result effect competit significantli imped common market substanti part parti man german limit compani activ compris design manufactur market truck buse compon provis relat servic man integr manufactur produc complet truck buse compani wholli own subsidiari man aktiengesellschaft munich control compani head man group man group main busi activ includ commerci vehicl steel product diesel engin print machin steel compon aerospac industri auwärter activ consist design manufactur market buse quot neoplan quot brand auwärter independ integr bu manufactur purchas engin supplier man merced benz share compani held member auwärter famili bwk kapit beteiligungsgesellschaft stuttgart ii oper propos concentr carri acquisit share auwärter man wholli own man subsidiari set purpos concentr merg compani estim produc buse chassi annual achiev turnov dem billion pursu brand strategi compani plan continu manufactur buse brand name man neoplan merger market separ iii concentr man acquir sole control auwärter propos oper constitut concentr mean articl merger regul iv commun dimens undertak aggreg worldwid turnov eur billion man eur billion financi year end june auwärter eur million financi year end decemb man auwärter aggreg commun wide turnov eur million man eur billion financi year end june auwärter eur million financi year end decemb third achiev member state notifi concentr commun dimens articl merger regul oper constitut cooper case articl eea agreement procedur letter januari address commiss man bid dispel misgiv merger offer suppli bu manufactur engin product facil suppli engin man subsidiari engin normal market term merger man made offer circular custom result commit offer period preliminari examin articl merger regul extend month week februari commiss decid pursuant articl merger regul initi proceed april statement object man repli write man request formal hear held brussel pursuant articl commiss regul ec march notif time limit hear provid council regul eec control concentr undertak vi competit assess main impact propos concentr bu sector germani lead creation strengthen domin posit germani part european econom area relev product market previou decis decis ec case iv merced benz kässbohrer recent decis ec case comp volvo scania commiss identifi market segment buse citi buse interc buse tour coach overlap market segment commiss consist regard separ product market see reason present case depart classif citi buse citi buse design public transport urban area carri larg number passeng short distanc short period time citi buse provid larg amount room stand passeng citi buse tend low floor step wider door type buse rapid passeng entri exit main custom public municip local transport undertak privat bu oper provid public passeng transport basi concess interc buse interc buse design rural transport interc travel line natur servic eas entri exit import interc buse citi buse interc buse luxuri equip technic point view grow import low floor technolog part low floor buse gener significantli power engin citi buse power engin tour coach main custom region public bu oper privat compani oper schedul cross countri servic concessionari basi custom oper citi buse tour coach tour coach intend serv leisur market long distanc tourist travel tend higher citi interc buse equip compar luxuri manner equip special storag space luggag air condit toilet televis screen make buse suitabl long trip low floor technolog eas entri exit prime featur tour coach equip manual gearbox citi interc buse tend automat gearbox main custom privat oper leisur trip bu travel result market investig market investig carri confirm classif relev product market remain valid basi purpos view typic differ custom type bu ration differenti fact overlap occur individu product market type bu interc transport tour suffici degre substitut relev geograph market case iv merced benz kässbohrer nation market assum product segment question germani austria form singl geograph market left open recent decis case volvo scania commiss consid finland unit kingdom separ geograph market tour coach ireland nordic countri sweden finland norwai denmark form separ geograph market citi interc buse rest precis definit relev geograph market left open man take view benelux countri germani austria franc spain portug itali form singl relev geograph market argu due essenti uniform certif rule price citi interc bu segment invit tender influenc ec direct public suppli contract result price orient procur behaviour longer gave home supplier domest advantag entri foreign bu manufactur market recent year foster develop supra region cross frontier geograph market market investig carri point emerg trend europeanis commun wide invit tender transposit eu procur law increasingli similar technic standard relev geograph market start extend nation frontier time germani signific factor continu point exist nation market factor includ continu small proport import citi interc segment high technic qualiti demand german bu oper associ place manufactur definit relev geograph market left open present case merger lead creation strengthen domin posit basi market assum man recit basi nation market question germani austria group singl geograph market left open affect assess oper recit compat merger common market result merger number german bu manufactur fall citi bu sector germani parti equal foot evobu assum germani austria form market slight edg evobu market share concern merger affect exist posit man leader austrian market citi interc buse affect evobu posit leader german interc bu market german austrian danish tour coach market commiss carri extens market investig receiv demand side submiss oper citi interc buse germani view sought associ undertak verband deutscher verkehrsunternehmen associ german transport undertak vdv bodi repres custom interest investig cover major competitor compani involv merger parti overview tabl show parti market share confirm market investig german austrian altern german austrian citi bu interc bu tour coach market danish dk tour coach market compar main competitor tabl market share base number registr gt tabl gt sourc notifi parti commiss investig market citi buse germani inform commiss possess total citi buse newli regist germani account bu registr market volum depend requir transport undertak liabl fluctuat increas sharpli wake german unif demand citi buse tend stagnat appreci market volum expect futur effect competit german citi bu market high level concentr suppli side pre merger situat german citi bu market characteris high level concentr suppli side effect competit market confirm market investig vast major competitor custom view canvass german bu manufactur market share till fluctuat vi vi vari depend manufactur neoplan evobu percentag point man influenc ec public procur law transpos german law appli practic led current market situat competit pressur domest supplier commiss investig reveal price citi bu market remain essenti stabl view recent improv technolog equip translat actual price cut margin man auwärter parti exist neg recent year meant loss manufactur result man open product plant turkei poland merced benz plant turkei post merger number german bu manufactur fall auwärter appreci influenc competit post merger number german bu manufactur fall auwärter disappear supplier claim share german citi bu market commiss conclus product offer auwärter quot citi buse quot differ inconsider degre competitor partli competit competitor product german rival evobu man auwärter suppli standard citi buse parti concentr recent year product vehicl nich market auwärter ey custom innov flexibl manufactur fulfil individu desiderata nich product doubl decker citi buse quot midi buse quot short buse approxim metr length electr ga power vehicl trollei duo buse account auwärter total output larg part auwärter product rang citi bu sphere compet limit extent product man admiss concentr quot mass market quot area standard citi buse parti auwärter deliber refrain increas market share citi bu sphere compani see strength ly develop product tour coach citi bu busi pursu view absorb exist season capac surplus tour coach sphere view narrow profit margin citi buse fact unlik competitor product structur gear product larg seri auwärter unabl expand citi bu output profit commiss market investig confirm auwärter scarc run compet larg custom contract fleet own larg bu compani buse cover investig except domin exclus evobu man auwärter contrast predominantli present small medium size bu compani segment import firm competitor citi bu market diminish result find market investig fit pictur vast major custom view sought state auwärter involv past influenc result call tender citi buse involv involv auwärter detect effect price commiss consid carefulli post merger tacit share market evobu hand parti auwärter man market share base data rank german citi bu market evobu circumst possibl merger enabl parti exercis market domin german citi bu market rule remain german bu manufactur tendenc consolid stabilis posit market market share procur market limit evidenti market share figur suggest prima faci symmetr duopoli consist evobu entiti man auwärter background view result high combin market share man auwärter evobu account german citi bu market consid merger liabl creat joint domin posit german citi bu market substanti part common market commiss carri depth examin merger occur market leader tacit coordin market behaviour result current approxim divis german citi bu market evobu entiti man auwärter perman consolid precis market share remain german manufactur virtual ident benefit situat equal measur depend refrain aggress price competit aim improv market posit satisfi market share structur market admit long term tacit collus coordin contrast collus tacit coordin behaviour market player mean impli agreement contact fell consid present case merger tacit coordin suffic order exclud mutual competit market leader germani enabl side longer term secur higher price profit case condit competit possibl tacit coordin competit behaviour preclud mere fact contract award respons public invit tender procur market lend tradit form deliber parallel behaviour respect price quantiti case subject matter number commiss decis tacit market share place procur market depend award procedur firm concern tacitli element exist market situat presenc signific number regular custom pointer futur win contract tailor futur bid behaviour present case circumst milit tacit coordin present case commiss conclus basi market investig view peculiar german citi bu market risk tacit coordin remain german bu manufactur collect domin posit part evobu man auwärter evid specif criteria basi market leader tacitli coordin competit behaviour prove light circumst surround case point tacit coordin long term evid suggest nascent duopoli suffici stabl present case result market investig carri furnish evid fact posit lead supplier german citi bu market symmetr recent market share tacit coordin competit behaviour regard compani respect regular custom market share conceiv line compani respect regular custom custom fleet buse manufactur exclus predominantli happen market leader behav passiv refrain attack posit regard custom aggress tender market investig german transport undertak state oper singl make fleet quarter fleet consist buse made singl manufactur appar smaller citi bu oper possess fleet domin make abovement case third smaller busi fewer buse merger number fleet domin buse manufactur increas tabl question state compat exist fleet view decis select criterion context invit tender reason save cost chang make retrain mainten oper personnel procur special tool keep suppli spare part principl manufactur buse exclus predominantli fleet gain competit advantag reduc incent manufactur attack posit context invit tender aggress bid danger market leader seek maintain exist divis market concentr respect regular custom lessen small total number buse singl manufactur domin fleet market investig carri commiss reveal third buse cover mix fleet equip tune vehicl manufactur enter equat method coordin concern tacit coordin mere concentr compani respect regular custom outset concern citi buse suit maintain exist approxim divis german citi bu market reason equal divis market compani concentr regular custom market investig show strong imbal fleet domin evobu domin man abovement case involv fleet domin evobu total buse includ approxim made evobu compar case involv fleet man buse oper exclus predominantli total buse includ approxim made man merger transport undertak concern oper exclus predominantli buse made entiti man auwärter tabl mark dispar evobu hand man auwärter long term approxim divis market share contrast postul maintain market leader refrain aggress tender vi vi regular custom tabl detail overview number german citi bu oper singl multi make fleet gt tabl gt sourc data collect commiss market investig tacit coordin competit behaviour regard custom mix fleet total number buse sold tacit divis market man auwärter evobu conceiv regard transport undertak oper mix fleet municip bu compani question state quarter vehicl fleet manufactur relat custom evobu man auwärter medium term likewis refrain attack suitabl aggress bid posit fleet transport undertak posit consolid win contract transport undertak mix fleet perceiv evobu man auwärter fall de facto sphere influenc risk develop aim achiev approxim divis market occur view procur behaviour larger custom divis implement practic larger transport undertak emploi quot diversifi procur strategi quot deliber aim mix composit fleet bui buse manufactur plai expect takeov auwärter man appreci effect opportun citi bu oper pursu multipl sourc polici vast major mix fleet survei commiss evobu merced benz setra man promin manufactur auwärter neoplan hand bare plai role number brand mix fleet result support bu oper interview state particip auwärter past influenc outcom tender recit commiss examin divid market refer make buse fleet replac buse invit tender issu clear buse replac buse question make german market leader maintain exist market share concentr replac busi buse make refrain aggress tender case appar tender practic german citi bu market lend type divid market invit tender citi buse indic buse replac transport oper clear time invit tender issu buse replac question buse withdrawn servic decid invit tender complet decis depend number factor durat exist advertis agreement econom effici continu oper period public assist earmark expir directli relat invit tender lastli conceiv manufactur focu total number buse sold period refrain compet activ long compani market share fairli evenli balanc transport undertak fleet equip equal measur buse made market leader includ tacit divis market evobu man auwärter suppli custom fleet consist make market leader serv fine tune volum wise postul split market line argument counter point increas size recent year contract offer number buse sought invit tender risen averag past present scale individu invit tender increas view emerg trend format sizeabl purchas cooper emerg sizeabl privatis transport undertak time market volum stagnant recit tendenc fewer invit tender year smaller number invit tender larger number buse ask time invit tender market leader prepar relinquish contract favour custom compar manufactur bid bid tender procedur addit half case foreign manufactur part tender procedur citi buse germani bid likewis serv yardstick success foreign bu manufactur germani fairli limit quarter transport undertak question commiss account citi bu purchas germani state prepar futur event price increas acquir buse manufactur includ foreign refus tender compet activ necessarili notic prospect success tender procedur consider reduc lack stabil tacit coordin due number competit paramet larg number criteria govern award contract present case make coordin difficult long term undermin stabil suppos coordin behaviour citi buse heterogen product detail requir transport undertak tender specif contribut individu invit tender high degre homogen attain technic characterist vehicl offer manufactur requir laid custom invit tender larg ident recommend vdv result german market inconsider degre uniform larg attain accept bid case invit tender citi buse mean depend sole basic price model larg number addit select criteria life cycl cost guarante reliabl avail buse plai increasingli import role manufactur increasingli expect provid guarante residu bu end lifetim guarante round clock custom servic speedi spare part deliveri nowadai frequent sine qua success market result interplai paramet mutual monitor competit behaviour basi volum price rule market leader compani concern scarc verifi extent market leader deviat postul coordin behaviour precondit retaliatori behaviour mainten postul tacit coordin reduct number german bu manufactur mean impli number bidder case public invit tender german market likewis fall point fact foreign manufactur increasingli compet german supplier major contract particip half tender procedur germani circumst make long term coordin market leader competit behaviour difficult achiev imped mutual monitor signific number custom prove increasingli switch foreign manufactur suppli recit lack suffici degre structur similar man auwärter evobu prospect duopoli man auwärter evobu exhibit suffici degre structur similar featur common establish suffici extent man auwärter evobu emploi brand strategi albeit umbrella singl manag aim manufactur market separ buse make compani time manufactur commerci vehicl truck produc benefit amp sphere purchas produc compon workshop servic network buse commerci vehicl man merced benz bu engin manufactur facil product plant countri poland turkei lower wage structur benefit lastli compani enjoi compar degre consider advantag exist potenti foreign competitor includ densest network mainten centr repair shop germani countri wide presenc fleet german transport undertak brand loyalti smaller custom share characterist outweigh fundament differ exist entiti man auwärter evobu differ creat consider imbal understand emphasi manufactur place bu market commerci vehicl side evobu assembl time buse man auwärter put parent daimlerchrysl group produc approxim time buse commerci vehicl man auwärter import note connect interchang compon compon manufactur commerci vehicl buse account parti averag citi bu substanti higher output buse commerci vehicl daimlerchrysl group continu futur enjoi consider scale benefit compar entiti man auwärter insuffici symmetri market leader cost structur symmetri precondit exist stabl duopoli conclus propos merger give rise emerg domin duopoli german market citi buse reason commiss conclud effect competit prevail german citi bu market undermin propos merger result disappear auwärter neoplan independ supplier fact establish commiss provid justif assum possibl tacit coordin propos transact regard creat domin duopoli german market citi buse citi bu market austria commiss inform total citi buse newli regist austria equival newli regist buse countri man clear market leader evobu volvo merger lead addit market share auwärter unabl sell buse product market austria isol sale thirteen vehicl previou year result market share made auwärter bavarian repres vorarlberg result tender auwärter establish austria hitherto sold tour coach takeov auwärter man remov market nich supplier unabl year sell vehicl rank potenti competitor danger merger significantli strengthen man posit austrian market spite strong posit evobu market leader man effect competit exist citi bu market austria takeov austrian manufactur steyr bu gmbh volvo strongest market particip consist success auwärter year market situat disappear auwärter potenti competitor give rise competit concern merger citi bu market germani austria commiss inform total citi buse newli regist germani austria newli regist buse member state take citi bu market germani austria man market share auwärter give combin figur evobu balanc market power man auwärter evobu combin german austrian market essenti german market recit condit competit german austrian market citi buse similar germani market leader bu manufactur activ market member state larg addit common languag close link market member state lead similar busi practic purchas intent concern transport firm austria larg follow recommend issu vdv germani conclus drawn german market appli larger geograph market refer recit interc bu market germani commiss inform total interc buse newli regist germani newli regist buse countri evobu clear market leader man auwärter volvo condit interc bu market similar citi bu market individu aspect pronounc technic qualiti requir interc buse high albeit high citi buse addit individu custom requir interc buse differ albeit citi buse public tender held purchas interc buse albeit frequent citi bu market foreign manufactur market citi bu market market share slowli rise trend present effect competit interc bu market germani view clear market leadership evobu possibl merg parti german market interc buse result domin individu market rule highli asymmetr distribut market share man auwärter hand evobu contrast situat citi bu market factor suggest joint market domin rest market condit similar recit conclus citi buse recit essenti appli interc bu market germani interc bu market austria commiss inform total interc buse newli regist austria newli regist buse countri man clear market leader evobu irisbu renault volvo merger lead addit market share auwärter unabl sell buse product market austria sale figur preced year rang vehicl result market share confirm auwärter minor import interc bu market austria takeov auwärter man lead remov nich supplier unabl record sale year rank potenti competitor danger merger significantli strengthen man posit austrian market citi bu market competit interc bu market austria safeguard greater presenc supplier german speak countri recent entri market irisbu renault year captur basi man financi year market addit interc bu market austria characteris high degre concentr part bu oper result consider measur countervail demand power extent strong posit larg interc bu oper austria österreichisch postbu ag österreichisch bundesbahnen öbb plai decis role oper vehicl pool buse produc manufactur pursu determin diversifi procur strategi aim encourag competit supplier oper buse similarli oper diversifi procur strategi circumst disappear auwärter potenti competitor give rise interc bu market austria competit misgiv merger interc bu market germani austria commiss inform total interc buse newli regist germani austria buse newli regist member state take citi bu market germani austrian man market share auwärter give combin figur evobu balanc market power man auwärter evobu combin german austrian market essenti german market conclus reach germani appli competit assess recit tour coach market germani commiss inform total tour coach newli regist germani newli regist buse countri evobu clear market leader auwärter man market investig shown present effect price competit german tour coach market unlik citi interc bu market tour coach oper virtual case privat compani receiv state support pai attent price perform ratio make purchas foreign supplier contribut competit tour coach market germani increas market share close todai admittedli tour coach market germani characteris larg number small medium size bu oper cooper joint purchas arrang encount citi interc bu oper tour coach gener purchas public tender tour coach oper mainten facil depend servic offer manufactur authoris workshop grow share import show insuper barrier market access background merger man auwärter give rise competit concern tour coach market germani danger collect market domin man auwärter hand market leader evobu abovement increas import asymmetr market share man auwärter evobu suggest danger tacit coordin tour coach market austria commiss inform total tour coach newli regist austria newli regist buse countri evobu clear market leader auwärter man volvo german manufactur past increas market share steadili record market share market investig shown condit competit tour coach market austria substanti germani true custom requir technic field qualiti price compar supplier activ market conclus reach germani recit appli austria tour coach market germani austria commiss inform total tour coach newli regist germani austria newli regist buse member state take tour coach market germani austria man market share auwärter give combin figur evobu balanc market power man auwärter evobu combin german austrian market essenti german market conclus reach germani appli competit assess recit tour coach market denmark statist speak merger lead addit market share tour coach market denmark man auwärter combin figur evobu remain clear market leader man unlik auwärter suppli chassi denmark complet buse oper level market auwärter fact man share market denmark attribut sole registr statist compil show chassi manufactur bu manufactur addit market share rise competit concern assess merger basi geograph market defin man propos merger give rise competit concern basi geograph market propos man includ itali belgium luxembourg netherland franc spain portug germani austria geograph market citi buse irisbu market share evobu man auwärter van hool volvo scania interc buse evobu irisbu man auwärter market tour coach evobu irisbu man auwärter volvo scania vii conclus assum propos transact creat strengthen domin posit result effect competit significantli imped common market substanti part thereof pursuant articl articl merger regul articl eea agreement transact declar compat common market eea agreement adopt decis articl notifi transact man nutzfahrzeug ag acquir sole control gottlob auwärter gmbh amp kg mean articl merger regul declar compat common market function eea agreement articl decis address man nutzfahrzeug ag dachauer straße münchen brussel june commiss mario monti member commiss oj corrigendum oj oj oj turnov calcul basi articl merger regul commiss notic calcul turnov oj pursuant articl merger regul turnov parent compani man ag subsidiari man group ad turnov man nutzfahrzeug ag calcul turnov auwärter turnov auwärter associ compani similarli account oj oj recit oj recit pursuant articl common posit ec adopt council septemb oj vehicl carriag passeng compris seat addit driver seat made access peopl reduc mobil includ wheelchair user technic provis laid commiss decis februari recit footnot commiss decis march recit footnot confirm commiss decis septemb case comp volvo renault oj recit council direct eec june coordin procedur award public suppli contract oj council direct eec june coordin procur procedur entiti oper water energi transport telecommun sector oj mention made role plai associ german transport undertak verband deutscher verkehrsunternehmen vdv cologn influenc purchas behaviour member issu recommend design driver workstat footnot commiss decis april case comp bombardi adtranz recit oj commiss decis ec octob case iv abb daimler benz oj recit commiss decis june case comp mci worldcom sprint recit recit publish commiss decis eec juli case iv nestlé perrier oj recit commiss decis ec april case iv gencor lonrho oj recit decis mci worldcom sprint footnot recit recit fewer larger transport undertak buse take part market investig oper pure singl make fleet mix fleet survei evobu man strongest manufactur auwärter top brand mix fleet inform commiss possess buse paint larg advertis transfer bu consider expens period vari rule year depend land econom lifetim citi bu year mean bu compani sizeabl window year procur replac talk take place merger cologn bonn municip bu compani purchas cooper concern municip bu compani dortmund bochum hern castrop rauxel vestisch straßenbahnen bu compani issu joint invit tender eastern ruhrgebiet cooper associ municip bu compani wuppert hagen solingen remscheid bergisch bu likewis plan reform commun provis public passeng transport expect speed consider format sizeabl bu compani oper municip plan amend council regul eec june action member state oblig inher concept public servic transport rail road inland waterwai oj amend regul eec oj commiss propos amend inter alia oblig put municip public passeng transport servic tender requir exist supplier compet supplier propos regul european parliament council action member state public servic requir award public servic contract passeng transport rail road inland waterwai juli final oj vdv document no quot outlin recommend low floor citi buse quot june quot driver workstat low floor buse quot june current version date octob decis mci worldcom sprint footnot recit commiss decis septemb case iv exxon mobil recit provision public version decis exxon mobil recit provision public version footnot import cost structur decis nestlé perrier footnot recit figur relat man financi year begin juli end june year figur relat man financi year begin juli end june year footnot tabl recit man financi year began juli end june price conscious privat bu oper decis merced benz kässbohrer footnot recit includ belgian compani van hool dutch manufactur autobusfabriek bova berkhof jonckheer swedish manufactur volvo bu corpor scania ab irisbu footnot tabl recit decis merced benz kässbohrer footnot recit figur