direct ec european parliament council septemb amend council direct eec implement principl equal treatment men women access employ vocat train promot work condit text eea relev european parliament council european union regard treati establish european commun articl thereof regard propos commiss regard opinion econom social committe act accord procedur laid articl treati light joint text approv concili committe april accord articl treati european union european union found principl liberti democraci respect human right fundament freedom rule law principl common member state respect fundament right guarante european convent protect human right fundament freedom result constitut tradit common member state gener principl commun law equal law protect discrimin person constitut univers recognis univers declar human right unit nation convent elimin form discrimin women intern convent elimin form racial discrimin unit nation coven civil polit right econom social cultur right convent protect human right fundament freedom member state signatori direct respect fundament right observ principl recognis charter fundament right european union equal women men fundament principl articl articl ec treati case law court justic treati provis proclaim equal women men quot task quot quot aim quot commun impos posit oblig quot promot quot activ articl treati paragraph address specif equal opportun equal treatment men women matter employ occup council direct eec defin concept direct indirect discrimin basi articl treati council adopt direct ec june implement principl equal treatment person irrespect racial ethnic origin direct ec novemb establish gener framework equal treatment employ occup defin direct indirect discrimin insert definit consist direct respect sex direct prejudic freedom associ includ establish union join union defend interest measur mean articl treati includ membership continu activ organis union main object promot practic principl equal treatment women men harass relat sex person sexual harass contrari principl equal treatment women men defin concept prohibit form discrimin end emphasis form discrimin occur workplac context access employ vocat train employ occup context employ respons vocat train encourag measur combat form sexual discrimin prevent measur harass sexual harass workplac accord nation legisl practic appreci fact infer direct indirect discrimin matter nation judici compet bodi accord rule nation law practic rule provid indirect discrimin establish mean includ basi statist evid case law court justic discrimin involv applic rule compar situat applic rule situat occup activ member state exclud scope direct eec restrict necessit employ person sex reason natur occup activ concern provid object sought legitim subject principl proportion laid case law court justic court justic consist recognis legitimaci term principl equal treatment protect woman biolog condit pregnanc consist rule unfavour treatment women relat pregnanc matern constitut direct sex discrimin direct prejudic council direct eec octob introduct measur encourag improv safeti health work pregnant worker worker recent birth breastfeed tenth individu direct mean articl direct eec aim ensur protect physic mental state women pregnant women recent birth women breastfeed preambl direct eec protect safeti health pregnant worker worker recent birth worker breastfeed involv treat women labour market unfavour work detriment direct equal treatment men women court justic recognis protect employ right women return equival job favour work condit benefit improv work condit entitl absenc resolut council minist employ social polici meet council june balanc particip women men famili work life member state encourag examin scope respect legal system grant work men individu untransfer patern leav maintain right relat employ context import stress member state determin grant determin condit dismiss return work scope direct member state articl treati maintain adopt measur provid specif advantag order make easier repres sex pursu vocat activ prevent compens disadvantag profession career current situat bear mind declar amsterdam treati member state instanc aim improv situat women work life prohibit discrimin prejudic mainten adopt measur intend prevent compens disadvantag suffer group person sex measur permit organis person sex main object promot special person promot equal women men principl equal pai men women firmli establish articl treati council direct eec februari approxim law member state relat applic principl equal pai men women consist upheld case law court justic principl constitut essenti indispens part acqui communautair sex discrimin court justic rule regard fundament natur effect judici protect employe enjoi protect employ relationship end employe defend give evid behalf person protect direct entitl protect court justic rule order effect principl equal treatment impli breach compens award employe discrimin adequ relat damag sustain fix prior upper limit preclud effect compens exclud award interest compens loss sustain allow case law court justic nation rule relat time limit bring action admiss provid favour time limit similar action domest natur render exercis right confer commun law imposs practic person subject discrimin base sex adequ mean legal protect provid effect level protect associ organis legal entiti empow engag proceed member state determin behalf support victim prejudic nation rule procedur represent defenc court member state promot dialogu social partner framework nation practic government organis address form discrimin base sex workplac combat member state provid effect proportion dissuas sanction case breach oblig direct eec accord principl subsidiar set articl treati object propos action suffici achiev member state achiev commun accord principl proportion set articl direct purpos direct eec amend adopt direct articl direct eec amend articl paragraph insert quot member state activ account object equal men women formul implement law regul administr provis polici activ area refer paragraph quot articl replac quot articl purpos provis principl equal treatment discrimin whatsoev ground sex directli indirectli refer marit famili statu purpos direct definit appli direct discrimin person treat favour ground sex treat compar situat indirect discrimin appar neutral provis criterion practic put person sex disadvantag compar person sex provis criterion practic object justifi legitim aim mean achiev aim harass unwant conduct relat sex person occur purpos effect violat digniti person creat intimid hostil degrad humili offens environ sexual harass form unwant verbal verbal physic conduct sexual natur occur purpos effect violat digniti person creat intimid hostil degrad humili offens environ harass sexual harass mean direct deem discrimin ground sex prohibit person reject submiss conduct basi decis affect person instruct discrimin person ground sex deem discrimin mean direct member state encourag accord nation law collect agreement practic employ respons access vocat train measur prevent form discrimin ground sex harass sexual harass workplac member state provid access employ includ train lead thereto differ treatment base characterist relat sex constitut discrimin reason natur occup activ concern context carri characterist constitut genuin determin occup requir provid object legitim requir proportion direct prejudic provis protect women pregnanc matern woman matern leav entitl end period matern leav return job equival post term condit favour benefit improv work condit entitl absenc favour treatment woman relat pregnanc matern leav mean direct eec constitut discrimin mean direct direct prejudic provis council direct ec june framework agreement parent leav conclud unic ceep etuc council direct eec octob introduct measur encourag improv safeti health work pregnant worker worker recent birth breastfeed tenth individu direct mean articl direct eec prejudic member state recognis distinct right patern adopt leav member state recognis right measur protect work men women dismiss due exercis right ensur end leav entitl return job equival post term condit favour benefit improv work condit entitl absenc member state maintain adopt measur mean articl treati view ensur full equal practic men women quot articl replac quot articl applic principl equal treatment mean direct indirect discrimin ground sex public privat sector includ public bodi relat condit access employ employ occup includ select criteria recruit condit branch activ level profession hierarchi includ promot access type level vocat guidanc vocat train advanc vocat train retrain includ practic work experi employ work condit includ dismiss pai provid direct eec membership involv organis worker employ organis member carri profess includ benefit provid organis end member state measur ensur law regul administr provis contrari principl equal treatment abolish provis contrari principl equal treatment includ contract collect agreement intern rule undertak rule govern independ occup profess worker employ organis declar null void amend quot articl delet articl replac quot articl member state ensur judici administr procedur includ deem concili procedur enforc oblig direct person wrong failur appli principl equal treatment relationship discrimin alleg occur end member state introduc nation legal system measur ensur real effect compens repar member state determin loss damag sustain person injur result discrimin contrari articl dissuas proportion damag suffer compens repar restrict fix prior upper limit case employ prove damag suffer applic result discrimin mean direct refus job applic consider member state ensur associ organis legal entiti accord criteria laid nation law legitim interest ensur provis direct compli engag behalf support complain approv judici administr procedur provid enforc oblig direct paragraph prejudic nation rule relat time limit bring action principl equal treatment quot articl replac quot articl member state introduc nation legal system measur protect employe includ employe repres provid nation law practic dismiss advers treatment employ reaction complaint undertak legal proceed aim enforc complianc principl equal treatment quot articl insert quot articl member state design make arrang bodi bodi promot analysi monitor support equal treatment person discrimin ground sex bodi form part agenc charg nation level defenc human right safeguard individu right member state ensur compet bodi includ prejudic victim associ organis legal entiti refer articl provid independ assist victim discrimin pursu complaint discrimin conduct independ survei discrimin publish independ report make recommend issu relat discrimin articl member state accord nation tradit practic adequ measur promot social dialogu social partner view foster equal treatment includ monitor workplac practic collect agreement code conduct research exchang experi good practic consist nation tradit practic member state encourag social partner prejudic autonomi promot equal women men conclud level agreement lai anti discrimin rule field refer articl fall scope collect bargain agreement respect minimum requir laid direct relev nation implement measur member state accord nation law collect agreement practic encourag employ promot equal treatment men women workplac plan systemat end employ encourag provid regular interv employe repres inform equal treatment men women undertak inform includ statist proport men women level organis measur improv situat cooper employe repres articl member state encourag dialogu government organis accord nation law practic legitim interest contribut fight discrimin ground sex view promot principl equal treatment articl member state lai rule sanction applic infring nation provis adopt pursuant direct measur ensur appli sanction compris payment compens victim effect proportion dissuas member state notifi provis commiss octob latest notifi delai subsequ amend affect articl member state introduc maintain provis favour protect principl equal treatment laid direct implement direct circumst constitut ground reduct level protect discrimin afford member state field cover direct quot articl member state bring forc law regul administr provis compli direct octob latest ensur date latest manag labour introduc requisit provis agreement member state step enabl time guarante result impos direct immedi inform commiss thereof member state adopt measur refer direct accompani refer occas offici public member state determin refer made member state commun commiss year entri forc direct inform commiss draw report european parliament council applic direct prejudic paragraph member state commun commiss year text law regul administr provis measur adopt pursuant articl treati report measur implement basi inform commiss adopt publish year report establish compar assess measur light declar annex final act treati amsterdam articl direct enter forc dai public offici journal european commun articl direct address member state brussel septemb european parliament presid cox council presid fischer boel oj andoj oj opinion european parliament oj council common posit juli oj decis european parliament octob oj decis european parliament june council decis june oj oj oj case brown ecr case gillespi ecr case johnston ecr case sirdar ecr case kreil ecr oj oj oj case coot ecr case draehmpaehl ecr case marshal ecr oj oj