council direct decemb approxim law member state relat trade mark eec council european commun regard treati establish european econom commun articl thereof regard propos commiss cooper european parliament regard opinion econom social committe trade mark law present applic member state dispar imped free movement good freedom provid servic distort competit common market view establish function internm market approxim law member state import disregard solut advantag commun trade mark system afford undertak wish acquir trade mark present undertak full scale approxim trade mark law member state suffici approxim limit nation provis law directli affect function intern market direct depriv member state continu protect trademark acquir take account regard relationship trade mark acquir registr member state remain free fix provis procedur registr revoc invalid trade mark acquir registr determin form trade mark registr invalid procedur decid earlier right invok registr procedur invalid procedur earlier right invok registr procedur opposit procedur officio examin procedur member state remain free determin effect revoc invalid trade mark direct exclud applic trade mark provis law member state trade mark law provis relat unfair competit civil liabil consum protect attain object approxim law aim requir condit obtain continu hold regist trade mark gener ident member state end list exampl sign constitut trade mark provid sign capabl distinguish good servic undertak othrefus invalid concemn trade mark absenc distinct charact conflict trade mark earlier right list exhaust manner ground list option member state maintain introduc ground legisl member state maintain introduc legisl ground refus invalid link condit obtain contin hold trade mark provis approxim elig grant trade mark renew trade mark rule fee relat complianc procedur rule order reduc total number trade mark regist protect commun number conflict aris essenti requir regist trade mark subject revoc provid trade mark invalid basi exist earlier trade mark member state remain free appli principl respect registr trade mark provid trade mark successfulli invok infring proceed establish result plea trade mark revok case member state establish applic rule procedur fundament order facilit free circul good servic ensur henceforth regist trade mark enjoi protect legal system member state prevent member state grant option extens protect trade mark reput protect afford regist trade mark function guarante trade mark indic origin absolut case ident mark sign good servic protect appli case similar mark sign good servic indispens give interpret concept similar relat likelihood confus likelihood confus appreci depend numer element recognit trade mark market associ made regist sign degre similar trade mark sign good servic identifi constitut specif condit protect wai likelihood confus establish onu proof matter nation procedur rule prejud direct import reason legal certainti inequit prejud interest proprietor earlier trade mark provid longer request declar invalid oppos trade mark subsequ knowingli toler substanti length time applic subsequ trade mark made bad faith member state commun bound pari convent protect industri properti provis direct consist pari convent oblig member state result convent affect direct subparagraph articl treati applic adopt direct articl scope direct appli trade mark respect good servic subject registr applic member state registr individu trade mark collect mark guarante certif mark subject registr applic registr benelux trade mark offic intern registr effect member state articl sign trade mark consist trade mark consist sign capabl repres graphic word includ person name design letter numer shape good packag provid sign capabl distinguish good servic undertak undertak articl ground refus invalid regist regist liabl declar invalid sign constitut trade mark trade mark devoid distinct charact trade mark consist exclus sign indic serv trade design kind qualiti quantiti intend purpos geograph origin time product good render servic characterist good trade mark consist exclus sign indic customari current languag bona fide establish practic trade sign consist exclus shape result natur good shape good obtain technic result shape substanti good trade mark contrari public polici accept principl moral trade mark natur deceiv public instanc natur qualiti geographicai origin good servic trade mark author compet author refus invalid pursuant articl ter pari convent protect industri properti hereinaft refer pari convent member state provid trade mark regist regist liabl declar invalid extent trade mark prohibit pursuant provis law trade mark law member state concern commun trade mark cover sign high symbol particul ar religi symbol trade mark includ badg emblem escutcheon cove articl ter pari convent public interest consent author registr conform legisl member state applic registr trade mark made bad faith applic trade mark refus registr declar invalid accord paragraph date applic registr made acquir distinct charact member state addit provid provis appli distinct charact acquir date applic registr date registr member state provid derog preced paragraph ground refus registr invalid forc state prior date provis compli direct enter forc appli trade mark applic made prior date articl ground refus invalid conflict earlier right trade mark regist regist liabl declar invalid ident earlier trade mark good servic trade mark appli regist ident good servic earlier trade mark protect ident similar earlier trade mark ident similar good servic cover trade mark exist likelihood confus part public includ likelihood associ earlier trade mark earlier trade mark mean paragraph mean trade mark kind date applic registr earlier date applic registr trade mark take account prioriti claim respect trade mark commun trade mark ii trade mark regist member state case belgium luxembourg netherland benelux trade mark offic iii trade mark regist intern arrang effect member state commun trade mark validli claim senior accord regul commun trade mark trade mark refer ii iii trade mark surrend allow laps applic trade mark refer subject registr trade mark date applic registr trade mark prioriti claim respect applic registr trade mark member state sens word articl bi pari convent trade mark regist regist liabl declar invalid ident similar earlier commun trade mark mean paragraph regist good servic similar earlier commun trade mark regist earlier commun trade mark reput commun trade mark due unfair advantag detriment distinct charact reput ea member state provid trade mark regist regist liabl declar invalid extent trade mark ident similar earlier nation trade mark mean paragraph regist good servic similar earlier trade mark regist earlier trade mark reput member state concern trade mark due unfair advantag detriment distinct charact che reput earlier trade mark right regist trade mark sign oftrad acquir prior date applic registr subsequ trade mark date prioriti claim applic registr subsequ trade mark regist trade mark sign confer proprietor prohibit subsequ trade mark trade mark prohibit virtu earlier right refer paragraph ii person portray iii copyright iv industri properti trade mark ident similar earlier collect trade mark confer expir period maximum year preced applic trade mark ident similar earlier guarante certif mark confer expir period preced applic length fix member state trade mark ident similar earlier trade mark regist ident similar good servic confer expir failur renew period maximum year preced applic proprietor earlier trade mark gave agreement registr mark trade mark trade mark liabl confus mark abroad file date applic provid date applic applic act bad faith member state permit circumst registr refus trade mark declar invalid proprietor earlier trade mark earlier consent registr trade mark member state provid derog paragraph ground refus registr invalid forc state prior date provis compli direct enter forc appli trade mark applic made prior date articl right confer trade mark regist trade mark confer proprietor exclus right proprietor entitl prevent parti consent trade sign ident trade mark relat good servic ident trade mark regist sign ident similar trade mark ident similar good servic cover trade mark sign exist likelihood confus part public includ likelihood associ sign trade mark member state provid proprietor entitl prevent parti consent trade sign ident similar trade mark relat good servic similar trade mark regist reput member state sign due take unfair advantag detriment distinct charact reput trade mark inter alia prohibit paragraphsl affix sign good packag thereof offer good put market stock purpos sign offer suppli servic thereund import export good sign sign busi paper advertis law member state sign condit refer prohibit date provis compli direct enter forc member state concern right confer trade mark reli prevent continu sign paragraph affect provis member state relat protect sign purpos distinguish good servic sign due take unfair advantag detriment distinct charact reput trade mark articl limit effect trade mark trade mark entitl proprietor prohibit parti trade address indic kind qualiti quantiti intend purpos geograph origin time product good render servic characterist good servic trade mark intend purposeofa product servic accessori spare part provid accord honest practic industri commerci matter trade mark entitl proprietor prohibit parti trade earlier appli local recogn law member state question limit territori recogn articl exhaust right confer trade mark trade mark entitl proprietor prohibit relat good put market commun trade mark proprietor consent paragraph appli exist legitim reason proprietor oppos commerci good condit good chang impair put market articl licens trade mark licens good servic regist part member state concern licens exclus exclus proprietor trade mark invok right confer trade mark license contraven provis licens contract regard durat form cover registr trade mark scope good servic licenc grant territori trade mark affix qualiti good manufactur servic provid license articl limit consequ acquiesc member state proprietor earlier trade mark refer articl acquiesc period success year irt trade mark regist member state awar longer entitl basi earlier trade mark appli declar trade mark invalid oppos trade mark respect good servic trade mark registr trade mark appli bad faith member state provid paragraph appli mutati mutandi proprietor earlier trade mark refer articl earlier refer articl case refer paragraph proprietor regist trade mark entitl oppos earlier longer invok trade mark articl trade mark period year date complet registr procedur proprietor put trade mark genuin member state connect good servic respect regist suspend uninterrupt period year trade mark subject sanction provid direct proper reason constitut mean paragraph trade mark form differ element alter distinct charact mark form regist affix trade mark good packag thereof member state concern sole export purpos trade mark consent proprietor person author collect mark guarante certif mark deem constitut proprietor relat trade mark regist date provis compli direct enter forc member state concern provis forc prior date attach sanction trade mark uninterrupt period relev period year mention paragraph deem begun run time period run date provis forc prior date period year mention paragraph deem run date earliest articl sanction trade mark legal administr proceed trade mark declar invalid ground earlier conflict trade mark fulfil requir set articl articl case member state provid registr trade mark refus ground earlier conflict trade mark fulfil requir set articl articl case prejudic applic articl counter claim revoc made member state provid trade mark successfulli invok infring proceed establish result plea trade mark revok pursuant articl earlier trade mark relat part good servic regist purpos appli paragraph deem regist respect part good servic articl ground revoc trade mark liabl revoc contin period year put genuin member state connect good servic respect regist proper reason person claim proprietor right trade mark revok interv expiri year period file applic revoc genuin trade mark start resum commenc resumpt period month preced file applic revoc began earliest expiri continu period year disregard prepar commenc resumpt occur proprietor awar applic revoc file trade mark liabl revoc date regist consequ act inact proprietor common trade product servic respect regist consequ made proprietor trade mark consent respect good servic regist liabl mislead public natur qualiti geograph origin good servic articl ground refus revoc invalid relat good servic ground refus registr revoc invalid trade mark exist respect good servic trade mark appli regist refus registr revoc invalid cover good servic articl estab ishment posteriori invalid revoc trade mark senior earlier trade mark surrend allow laps claim commun trade mark invalid revoc earlier trade mark establish posteriori articl special provis respect collect mark guarante mark certif mark prejudic articl member state law author registr collect mark guarante certif mark provid mark regist revok declar invalid ground addit articl function mark requir derog articl member state provid sign indic serv trade design geograph origin good servic constitut collect guarante certif mark mark entitl proprietor prohibit parti trade sign indic provid accord honest practic industri commerci matter mark invok parti entitl geograph articl nation provis adopt pursuant direct member state bring forc law regul administr provis compli direct decemb immedi inform commiss thereof act propos commiss council act qualifi major defer date refer paragraph decemb latest member state commun commiss text main provis nation law adopt field govern direct articl addresse direct address member state brussel decemb council presid papandr oj oj oj oj oj ll