commiss decis relat proceed council regul eec case iv knp bt vrg english text authent eec commiss european commun regard treati establish european econom commun regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak articl thereof regard commiss decis januari initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss regard opinion advisori committe concentr natur proceed proceed relat concentr notifi commiss pursuant articl regul eec merger regul decemb concentr concern propos merger nv koninklijk knp knp buehrmann tetterod nv bt vrg group vrg knp transform hold compani nv koninkijk knp bt made public offer share bt vrg februari offer uncondit march decis januari commiss declar propos concentr rais doubt compat common market commiss initi proceed case pursuant articl merger regul ii parti knp lead european produc paper board packag knp divis fine paper divis produc wood free coat paper public paper divis produc wood coat paper solid board divis produc graphic board solid board wooden packag bt signific paper packag group main area activ europ graphic busi system divis distribut print offic system graphic paper divis act independ paper merchant packag divis produc flexibl protect packag solid board vrg distributor paper print system paper divis act independ paper merchant graphic system divis distribut print system busi system divis distribut offic system knp bt joint ventur rp europ bv corrug europ bv involv product corrug board box knp hold control stake leykam muerztal papier austrian paper compani knp hold stake vrg iii commun dimens propos concentr commun dimens combin aggreg world wide turnov knp bt vrg ecu million undertak achiev ecu million turnov commun knp ecu million bt ecu million vrg ecu million parti achiev third commun wide turnov member state decis conclus establish vrg control knp iv concentr merger knp bt vrg concentr mean articl merger regul compat common market group main area activ roughli equal size bring knp bt paper packag manufactur oper consist trade distribut activ bt vrg graphic paper graphic system inform system offic product distribut servic print press market definit product market distribut graphic system includ distribut equip prepar imag print plate scanner pre press ii print press iii equip finish oper paper cut stitch machin fold machin collat bind equip press iv print suppli ink film foil hand press distribut graphic system includ servic equip sold main area interest graphic system distribut servic print press bt vrg achiev graphic system turnov print press area overlap combin market share parti rais competit concern merger regul assess propos concentr focu distribut servic print press bt distribut servic heidelberg print press equip belgium netherland luxembourg franc greec itali spain organ countri countri exclus distributor basi heidelberg main european manufactur market gener print equip heidelberg distribut servic machin directli germani unit kingdom ireland vrg distribut servic man roland print press equip belgium netherland agent distributor exclus basi carri separ nation subsidiari vrg man roland main competitor heidelberg gener manufactur distributor suppli complet rang print press equip main categori print press system sheet fed feed page rotari web fed feed big roll paper categori type configur machin small medium larg size press permut number colour perfor number coat capabl activ parti consist provis servic distribut servic print press manufactur good purpos assess impact propos concentr defin product market type machin technic characterist custom market printer children book comic label plai card advertis brochur annual report lesser extent newspap magazin print press constitut capit equip printer repres import invest typic print press cost ecu million printer press depend size busi equip regularli updat servic mainten crucial factor activ printer depend proper function press geograph market state notif market distribut print press remain nation confirm commiss enquiri distribut practic organ press manufactur nation line printer reli local distributor servic mainten practic led printer bui local depend distributor servic machin purchas pattern print press confirm market distribut servic print press tend nation printer includ main custom parti regard avail local servic import case essenti factor print press bui gener avail quick servic import price purchas criterion printer larg develop hous technic support depend larg extent local servic special major repair typic printer requir assur distributor develop local network adequ expertis purchas press distributor client greater delai servic defect press greater risk stop print complet difficult establish accuraci precis limit accept distanc industri sourc maximum hour travel distributor base premis state recit press manufactur organ distribut nation basi arrang exclus distributorship grant main manufactur print press nation level reinforc local charact distribut servic market custom belgium netherland contact commiss state hesit bypass nation distributor directli manufactur print press price signific gap price print press belgium netherland hand neighbour countri custom profession organ estim price countri exce price germani instanc explain simpli transport cost conclus view take account overlap distribut activ bt vrg area print press relev market assess impact propos concentr distribut servic print press belgium netherland assess market share distribut print press estim parti tabl oj bt vrg compet netherland belgium competit japanes compani komori market share belgium netherland komori distribut servic machin print press manufactur mitsubishi netherland koenig amp bauer planeta quot potenti supplier custom current market share low altern supplier servic network long establish reput heidelberg man roland print press distribut parti addit offer printer entir rang product distribut parti pre press equip press equip print suppli graphic paper combin bt vrg distributor heidelberg man roland press netherland belgium lead creation singl entiti distribut servic market control third total market heidelberg man roland main manufactur print press neighbour geograph market custom countervail power entiti demand fragment print compani netherland belgium estim emploi person singl custom parti account parti sale custom addit depend entiti mainten sale servic lack adequ altern independ provid mainten servic exist belgium netherland constitut satisfactori altern printer small local compani emploi person activ limit mechan electr repair addit printer contact commiss independ compani guarante repair major breakdown link manufactur press direct access manufactur technolog expertis resort independ provid mainten servic impli consider risk case gener limit smaller repair custom experi difficulti switch make print press order exert pressur merg entiti print press averag life year depend technolog level usag addit cost press replac progress gener press replac press manufactur usual life order press manufactur increas number make compani requir addit staff oper press addit train cost staff increas hous stock frequent need spare part cite custom obstacl purchas press altern supplier view extens servic network posit commun market long establish reput heidelberg man roland print press basic altern quot dutch belgian printer choic press avail servic make offer satisfactori term main altern printer turn german manufactur realist threat custom switch press german manufactur constitut main competit constraint bt vrg heidelberg man roland perceiv offer similar qualiti press suffici structur distribut network larger printer tend purchas simultan make establish relat bt vrg subsidiari consequ propos merger main competit constraint bt vrg belgium netherland elimin barrier entri success entri distribut servic market close link reput technolog complex print press distribut print press high technolog product manufactur requir signific invest research develop consider product innov establish manufactur distrubutor fulli back manufactur realist posit gain foothold attain signific share market distribut print press belgium netherland unlik distribut market number candid entri relev market necessarili limit technolog skill requir servic print press reduc number establish make countri view purchas pattern prevail belgium netherland entrant affect market develop extens local servic network countri time need build brand reput qualiti servic compar man roland heidelberg consider custom difficult newcom recruit staff expertis custom convinc manufactur commit nation market take risk switch supplier extent custom account possibl sell print press hand market purchas press printer man roland heidelberg machin sold develop hand market adequ price hand market japanes make potenti entrant readi make invest enter belgian dutch distribut market awar constraint custom face switch make press necessarili year start gain market share establish posit german manufactur demand print servic stabl expect grow medium term mean demand print press year gear replac current stock make conclus merger bt vrg creat domin posit market distribut servic print press belgium netherland structur market concern domin posit quickli erod domin posit temporari significantli imped effect competit board market product parti activ process wast paper board subsequ board box board transport packag graphic applic categori board affect case corrug solid graphic lamin board board made virgin fibr pulp gener call fold box board relat propos concentr corrug board solid board transport packag corrug board consist liner board corrug flute solid board heavi type paper principl board product packag product recycl graphic board solid board stiff materi defin heavi weight solid board special properti rigid stabil make suitabl process thing book cover lever arch file file system game board jigsaw puzzl lamin board produkt made glu layer board paper similar applic graphic board manufactur process knp bt produc solid board graphic board process activ consist mix wast paper water addit obtain past process roll greyboard greyboard term industri refer solid graphic board homogen materi equip need treat wast paper subsequ process board repres substanti capit invest greyboard manufactur degre thick callip densiti grammag express gram suqar metr grammag rang gram squar metr gener recogn divid line paper board gram squar metr greyboard higher grammag graphic applic high grammag produc line special machin lamin line sheet board lower grammag suppli side transit categori board product gradual depend type machineri instal homogen enabl manufactur produc packag end graphic applic instanc major competitor solid board capac produc graphic board multi purpos equip corrug board made lamin sheet test liner flute paper insert sheet kraftlin outer face transport packag technic characterist transport packag corrug board wide materi account estim total transport packag materi europ solid board account market main materi wood plastic solid board corrug board make box solid board tradition technic advantag corrug board applic involv wet chill freez environ superior water resist solid board advantag compact resist pressur transport condit printabl special characterist solid board applic packag agricultur horticultur frozen product transport tool point sharp object packag object public displai corrug board perform extrem wet environ strength solid board market segment solid board advantag corrug board margin segment corrug box parti provid inform illustr point area frozen food main applic corrug board packag dri product technolog develop machin convert corrug board box made manufactur corrug board box withstand humid wet condit compar cost solid board box rel strength corrug board improv technic develop recycl process wast paper improv technic characterist reduct cost corrug board box corrug board tend replac solid board tradit packag applic veget tomato cucumb meat price special treatment requir corrug board box tend cheaper solid board box parti estim cost differ averag mention corrug board trate improv water resist printabl appear addit process narrow price differenti solid board applic main client parti account turnov confirm price differ corrug solid box purchas purpos rang maximum conclus question corrug solid board belong product market left open purpos assess case separ market solid board consid exist propos merger rais concern compat common market assess graphic applic demand side buyer graphic board corrug board satisfactori substitut intern flute corrug board soft centr make rigid liabl bend fractur process machin gener industri plastic limit extent graphic board substitut sort board reason characterist consider higher price geograph market board transport packag base mckinsei report suggest notif relev geograph market board product packag consist larg region market cross nation border region consist benelux countri northern franc central germani consist southern germani eastern franc austria switzerland total commun sale netherland belgium franc germani indic block countri distinct relev geograph market signific trade flow countri area produc custom locat principl geograp constraint suppli impos transport cost past shipment tend travel kilometr produc custom quot larger distanc transport cost parti centr product locat benelux germani cost deliveri solid board box benelux centr franc north itali amount fl box deliveri central spain south itali amount fl price netherland box rang fl cucumb box fl box flower higher box purpos depend price box transport cost deliveri distanc approxim kilometr rang cheaper box expens box barrier buyer solid board box gener requir fast deliveri requir gener custom made box result nearbi produc substanti advantag remot major barrier trade board technic standard lack distribut network brand loyalti graphic board user graphic board bui readili member state european commun contrast parti sell product east north america indic european custom bui european supplier import commun limit case averag common custom tariff appli efta countri assess basi corrug solid board constitut singl market merg entiti attain market share commun region market corrug board solid board consid separ market propos concentr lead creation reinforc domin posit reason bt knp put corrug board activ joint ventur produc corrug case materi produc corrug case propos merger direct impact compani corrug board activ estim parti sale corrug board case europ make fourth largest european produc sca smurfit st gobain supplier solid board consid complet distinct market market share parti signific region market consid propos concentr lead creation domin posit reason instal capac commun process wast paper greyboard estim million tonn actual figur higher small competitor includ list compani includ estim respect capac provid annex merg entiti account capac smurfit british plaster board main competitor share roughli competitor capac produc tonn locat germani varel leinfeld north itali rodano ovaro north spain videcart catalana franc david smith smaller tonnag vpk belgium koehler germani oudin franc addit small produc danapack elfel pappenfabrik la rochett capac includ industri sourc spare capac estim parti rate capac util level capac util unusu low industri gener indic competitor expand product price level increas high capac util rate requir paper board sector attain reason level profit sale parti solid board tonn year annex ii main applic solid board transport packag graphic transport packag reliabl estim consumpt solid board transport packag european commun cepac profession associ pulp paper board manufactur estim market packag board corrug materi roughli million tonn industri sourc estim figur million tonn consist solid board packag purpos basi broad estim parti hold share total commun consumpt order verifi valid estim commiss contact number manufactur solid board annex ii basi sale achiev sampl manufactur parti combin market share market share maximum commiss contact smaller manufactur greyboard transport packag commun smaller manufactur includ sampl parti combin market share correspondingli lower conclud case parti combin market share area transport cost repres price board benelux franc germani north itali share parti product capac product area list annex bpb smurfit varel leinfeld david smith mill alsac produc wastepap base solid board area view share attain parti capac product area exist spare capac number altern supplier inlcud strong competitor smurfit bpb propos merger lead creation reinforc domin posit assumpt substitut corrug board total exclud graphic board european commun parti total consumpt graphic board market share base estim consumpt board graphic approach transport packag recit maximum share attain parti annex ii competitor entiti smurfit market share signific competitor share british plaster board david smith reno rodano ovaro koehler smith reno rodano ovaro koehler remain market view market share parti exist strong competitor high suppli side substitut recit propos merger lead creation reinforc domin posit distribut graphic paper graphic paper common kind coat uncoat gener print write paper definit exclud newsprint bt vrg distribut graphic paper commun paper vrg sell tenth paper bt sell produc knp knp small amount direct sale graphic paper sold market directli paper manufactur custom direct sale merchant wholesal merchant suppli paper warehous indent method custom order exectu produc merchant take care invoic receiv commiss produc sale agent paper manufactur intermediari commiss basi place merchant attract custom quick deliveri small quantiti choic wide rang product produc attract custom bulk deliveri lower price distribut merchant consid market distinct direct sale produc regard distribut graphic paper geograph overlap activ vrg bt netherland belgium unit kingdom parti state market distribut graphic paper merchant geograph restrict due prompt deliveri small quantiti custom avoid stock mainten take narrowest market definit respect distribut graphic paper merchant individu member state combin market share group netherland belgium unit kingdom parti parti base estim market volum distribut graphic paper merchant tonn netherland tonn belgium tonn unit kingdom market signific competitor stora modo intern paper scaldia graphisch papier pwa arjo wiggin netherland market share stora market share arjo wiggin igepa belgium arjo wiggin bunzl modo pwa unit kingdom competitor includ larg paper manufactur intern distribut network substanti expertis resourc smaller distributor finpaka jva nordland belgium netherland presenc player member state indic trend paper manufactur set distribut network commun recent entri merchant level abovement commun countri includ modo belgium schneider intern paper acquisit scaldia paper netherland custom countri contact commiss state merger suffici altern supplier graphic paper merg entiti provid rang product suppli bt vrg custom purchas graphic paper supplier quot potenti sourc suppli switch order cost start distribut graphic paper small member state belgium netherland low altern wai enter distribut paper agenc indent purchas warehous industri sourc cost entri amount initi expenditur bfr million start loss yea bfr million year view consid group domin posit market distribut graphic paper belgium netherland main area activ paper knp total sale ecu million paper product commun whilst leykam estim total sale commun ecu million bt vrg produc paper knp leykm estim account commun sale wood free coat paper communti sale wood coat paper market leader swedish compani stora group categori finish compani kymmen arjo wiggin signific competitor share market level scope vertic integr group confer signific competit advantag paper market vi vi strong competitor market question group signific bui power wast paper suppli enabl foreclos market complet buyer examin current shortag wast paper suppli gener expect suppli increas year indic econom upturn lead imbal suppli demand circumst consid foreclosur conclus reason outlin commiss conclud propos merger knp bt vrg creat domin posit result effect competit significantli imped substanti part common market mean articl council regul due posit merg entiti obtain market distribut servic print press netherland belgium vi commit propos parti parti offer modifi origin concentr plan notifi enter commit knp bt vrg formal irrevoc undertak termin latest decemb relationship man roland heidelberg belgium netherland accord term agreement question mutual consent order ensur undertak point properli implement knp bt vrg merg entiti undertak divest latest decemb asset relat distribut servic print press relationship man roland heidelberg termin sale asset includ transfer staff exist servic contract order ensur purchas continu distribut servic man roland heidelberg print press belgium netherland moment acquir asset sale place natur legal person prevent achiev full effect continu belgium netherland distribut servic parti print press respect relationship termin purpos knp bt vrg merg entiti undertak enter good faith negoti parti purchas asset commerci reason term parti fulfil undertak divest decemb time limit extend period month maximum extens request extens duli motiv parti inform commiss compani enter negoti provid descript negoti reason negoti success abovement good faith negoti order avoid disrupt provis servic print press distribut parti undertak constru prevent parti compli present servic oblig custom warranti oblig exist distribut servic agreement implement undertak mention point knp bt vrg merg entiti carri directli indirectli distribut servic activ print press relationship termin belgium netherland oblig long knp bt vrg merg entiti distribut servic man roland heidelberg print press countri addit prejudic oblig merger regul respect concentr commun dimens knp bt vrg merg entiti undertak inform commiss write distribut servic agreement parti remain print press manufactur man roland heidelberg enter belgium netherland period year date commiss decis knp mean compani knp compani control directli indirectli compani control directli indirectli knp natur legal person control directli indirectli knp person act behalf compani refer indent bt mean compani bt compani control directli indirectli compani control directli indirectli bt natur legal person control directli indirectli bt person act behalf compani refer indent vrg mean compani vrg compani control directli indirectli compani control directli indirectli vrg natur legal person control directli indirectli vrg person act behalf compani refer indent merg entiti mean entiti result propos concentr compani control directli indirectli compani control directli indirectli merger entiti natur legal person control directli indirectli merg entiti person action behalf compani refer indent commit account assess impact propos concentr dutch belgian market distribut servic print press termin parti relationship heidelberg man roland distribut servic main make print press carri singl entiti belgium netherland divestitur relat asset condit set commit parti ensur parti posit distribut servic activ bt vrg disrupt exist arrang competit distributor man roland heidelberg continu belgium netherland basic altern choic custom bt vrg countri past affect concentr effect concentr outlin secion assess aris concentr modifi undertak enter parti creat reinforc domin posit result effect competit significantli imped substanti part common market mean articl merger regul view modif propos concentr subject full complianc condit oblig mean subparagraph articl merger regul commiss declar concentr compat common market note relationship man roland heidelberg termin time period set parti commit oblig accept parti breach commiss pursuant articl revok present decis adopt decis articl subject full complianc condit oblig contain parti commit vi vi commiss set recit decis concentr notifi parti decemb declar compat common market articl decis address buehrmann tetterod nv paalbergweg nl ag amsterdam netherland nv koninklijk knp bonairelaan nl vh hilversum netherland vrg groep nv hoogooddreef nl amsterdam zuidoost netherland brussel commiss karel van miert member commiss oj corrigendum oj oj publish version decis inform hereinaft admit pursuant provis articl merger regul roughli half annex tabl oj annex ii tonn tabl oj tabl oj