commiss decis septemb procedur relat applic council regul eec case vii ama italian traffic distribut rule airport system milan notifi document number italian text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard council regul eec juli access commun air carrier intra commun air rout amend act access austria finland sweden articl thereof consult advisori committe establish articl regul background februari air carrier british airwai iberia lufthansa olymp airwai sabena scandinavian airlin system tap air portug submit commiss joint request decis effect declar traffic distribut rule adopt italian author airport system milan italian rule incompat commun law regul eec ii requir italian author appli rule adopt rule fulli compat commun law april air franc inform commiss join abovement carrier action italian rule april carrier submit commiss addit request interim decis prior decis substanc italian rule order ensur rule put effect adequ transport link malpensa airport establish austrian airlin submit commiss separ request object initi addit request complain carrier base ground ii airport system milan compris airport linat malpensa orio al serio bergamo airport linat locat km citi centr concentr intra commun intern domest traffic linat airport face sever capac problem million passeng airport optimum capac estim million airport malpensa locat km citi centr concentr intercontinent flight oper constraint prevent oper linat airport intra commun flight oper airport passeng tend favour linat airport locat close citi centr malpensa airport receiv million passeng optimum capac estim million orio al serio airport locat approxim km citi centr close bergamo cargo charter traffic limit number schedul passeng servic oper airport distribut traffic airport market driven take account abovement oper constraint result ineffici exist airport capac linat airport overutilis malpensa airport underutilis addit airport system develop major hub nation intern intercontinent flight fact alitalia rome fiumicino airport hub offer air servic airport system milan term intercontinent servic adapt demand passeng frequent oblig fly hub airport rome london frankfurt pari exist capac cope short term traffic volum estim million passeng tonn freight year present structur organis airport system milan inadequ area serv citi milan northern itali repres largest area commun term popul econom activ italian author decid reorganis airport system milan order creat hub malpensa provid adequ airport capac futur object achiev extens upgrad malpensa airport malpensa project project prioriti project tran european network decis ec european parliament council financi support commun european invest fund european invest bank eib construct work termin start section oper yearli capac million passeng add exist capac million termin fulli complet capac airport exist termin reach million passeng financi arrang underli malpensa airport requir concentr traffic airport necessarili involv transfer traffic linat airport market forc ensur transfer passeng gener prefer linat locat close citi centr basi italian author decid adopt mandatori traffic distribut rule aim ensur substanti transfer traffic linat malpensa regard worth note eib made financi assist condit adopt italian author traffic distribut rule result substanti transfer traffic linat malpensa juli italian author adopt decre law law august articl empow ministri transport bring concentr air traffic airport malpensa time liberalis european air transport servic schedul complet april basi order attain object italian minist transport issu decre juli decre lai traffic distribut rule airport system milan set point articl date entri servic prioriti structur malpensa section termin determin decre schedul schedul servic intercontinent intra commun air rout includ domest intern intra commun air rout oper malpensa airport articl servic oper orio al serio airport articl linat airport gener aviat oper direct air servic rout serv milan total annual passeng volum equal million year prior abovement date entri forc prioriti structur reach annual averag million previou year period octob italian govern adopt decre articl prioriti structur refer decre enter servic octob date set prior inform consult commiss effect decre octob onward air servic milan oper malpensa airport orio al serio airport except gener aviat servic air transport servic meet traffic threshold defin articl decre practic rout meet threshold milan rome air transport servic authoris linat airport juli octob contact place complain carrier except austrian airlin italian author carrier consid criteria time set italian rule incompat commun law italian author agre argument put forward carrier confirm criteria time traffic distribut rule request formal present commiss complain carrier hereinaft refer carrier direct criteria time set decre decre iii support complaint commiss italian rule carrier reli argument set point italian rule infring articl regul eec carrier point articl regul lai gener principl freedom access decis ec pari airport system commiss consid principl includ choos airport airport system remain subject possibl italian author distribut traffic airport airport system basi articl regul eec articl exercis discrimin ground nation ident air carrier carrier refer commiss decis eec viva air state except gener principl freedom access laid articl restrict introduc member state basi articl base transpar object consist discriminatori criteria carrier separ infring carrier point italian rule discriminatori practic favour alitalia regard cite decis ec commiss state principl discrimin oppos measur explicitli distinguish refer nation ident carrier produc indirectli discriminatori effect practic applic italian rule result milan rome rout oper linat rout present oper commun air carrier includ alitalia milan alitalia oper averag flight dai rome hub network alitalia oper direct long haul servic malpensa limit number destin york lo angel miami tokyo osaka beij major servic eea oper rome fiumicino open malpensa termin role rome fiumicino hub medium long haul servic alitalia airlin draft programm winter plan consider develop servic destin eea malpensa detriment rome destin continu serv rome greater number share rome malpensa weekdai weekdai basi alitalia reli signific part rome hub serv linat italian commun air carrier longer serv hub linat airport oper servic malpensa malpensa conveni linat geograph locat durat journei car milan citi centr malpensa minut oppos minut linat time rail link airport cost taxi fare malpensa ecu time higher linat ecu result alitalia enjoi competit advantag italian commun carrier provis air transport servic long haul medium haul destin hub word passeng fly milan long haul medium haul destin hub prefer fly hub alitalia hub oper commun carrier context carrier contend primari object decre distribut traffic airport system milan grant competit advantag alitalia addit carrier discrimin explain stem locat malpensa airport reinforc fact malpensa serv adequ transport link citi centr time transfer servic transport link citi centr airport fulli function octob addit million passeng year expect airport carrier rail link readi passeng end substanti work complet milan lake motorwai high capac high standard road serv malpensa airport motorwai heavili congest work carri involv construct emerg lane complet schedul decemb capac motorwai reduc case project work improv capac motorwai remain insuffici cope increas traffic gener transfer million passeng linat malpensa taxi driver milan authoris administr reason drive passeng citi airport airport citi fare airport calcul basi return journei result highli expens fare ecu absenc adequ transport link reinforc inconveni malpensa compar linat discriminatori effect italian rule carrier point italian rule proportion object sought italian author regard point decis ec tat pari orli london commiss found air traffic distribut rule adopt french author infring principl proportion result sought achiev achiev measur restrict harm intra commun trade object italian rule concentr air traffic malpensa airport order promot role intercontinent hub northern itali time maintain linat airport oper eleventh recit decre state linat airport servic term expect grow traffic contrari econom logic depriv area exist capac sector air transport transfer traffic envisag italian rule result hand linat airport utilis million passeng airport optimum capac million passeng malpensa airport face capac problem medium term presid società azioni esercizi aeroportuali sea compani manag airport milan year malpensa satur proport flight move back linat carrier italian rule proportion object sought attain discrimin ration airport capac avoid underutilis linat congest malpensa framework commun air carrier allow oper servic linat airport respect hub italian rule contrari commiss decis ec aid grant itali alitalia discrimin result italian rule constitut breach condit impos articl decis order ensur compat aid common market articl state aid deem compat common market provid itali fulfil undertak give alitalia prioriti commun compani alloc traffic right includ countri european econom area slot alloc ground handl assist access airport facil preferenti treatment contrari commun law iv order permit full investig case procedur laid articl regul eec safeguard right defenc march commiss transmit request lodg carrier italian author invit comment thereon month date repli italian author note commiss april set consider summar point airport polici member state fall compet member state basi accord decis ec member state free decid airport prioriti develop airport system framework italian author present structur airport system milan offer adequ capac meet demand transport servic gener milan area maintain structur enabl milan airport system develop intern connect point envisag framework european common transport polici reason commun includ malpensa project list prioriti project tran european network success project requir concentr air traffic malpensa airport regard european invest bank agre financ part project condit concentr traffic malpensa airport effect date entri servic prioriti structur basi italian author adopt decre aim concentr framework linat complementari subsidiari airport handl specif traffic continu serv resourc event capac prove insuffici futur discriminatori effect italian rule italian author discrimin involv access milan rome rout open commun air carrier accord applic commun rule present oper carrier linat alitalia air carrier malpensa alitalia meridiana concentr traffic malpensa commun air carrier access airport commun airport includ italian airport cabotag right sixth seventh freedom freeli access malpensa airport fact rout rout meet threshold set decre give rise discrimin set high threshold intend lead oper linat airport frequent air rout primarili point point passeng demand high frequenc precis case milan rome rout frequent air rout itali highest share busi point point passeng traffic volum rout exce air rout oper milan justifi special treatment milan rome rout plai role feeder rout alitalia hub rome fiumicino evidenc fact servic oper dai long long haul flight wave oper alitalia rome fiumicino discriminatori effect rule assess basi present situat polici alitalia develop hub oper malpensa basi alitalia carrier offer direct servic milan present servic oper malpensa airport result passeng longer oblig travel final destin hub locat commun case malpensa conveni linat user work access infrastructur proceed accord timet italian author fact consid condit transfer complet ss road link exist termin termin octob exist road system fulli compat amount traffic transfer malpensa regard entir catchment area malpensa citi milan basi number passeng geograph locat malpensa favour linat equal share passeng revers appli regard problem excess taxi fare region lombardi propos regul taxi fare remain accept level principl proportion italian author traffic distribut rule attain object creat hub malpensa keep linat supplementari airport high threshold make linat rout level traffic justifi oper linat malpensa linat fact rout traffic predominantli point point order meet demand busi commut passeng underutilis linat justifi order achiev object oper hub malpensa object presuppos short haul medium haul servic integr long haul servic ensur malpensa hub effect fed passeng origin divers point commun london brussel lisbon frankfurt copenhagen rome palermo venic pantelleria similarli feed european hub rome milan italian region centr consider fact discriminatori malpensa hub breach condit impos decis ec italian author refer relev decis adopt italian rule made refer commiss met carrier carrier stress urgenc case alloc slot milan airport decid framework iata schedul coordin confer held montreal june occas meet held brussel june letter june commiss formal inform italian author posit case base fact possess summar reason doubt compat italian rule articl regul eec commiss italian rule appear result practic discrimin favour alitalia case proportion object sought issu link adequaci plan state readi access infrastructur malpensa volum traffic transfer airport basi italian author invit modifi rule ensur full compat commun law letter juli italian author inform commiss modif rule made observ set point italian author reiter criteria adopt decre distribut traffic airport system milan involv discrimin favour alitalia order reassur commiss aspect italian author mention envisag condit oper milan rome rout linat airport de facto prevent feed alitalia hub rome fiumicino purpos rout oper basi shuttl servic restrict check luggag check issu linat board pass connect flight rome fiumicino criteria adopt decre present commiss framework meet christophersen group respons follow project held time commiss rais problem compat measur commun law similarli commiss inform schedul access infrastructur work abovement meet access infrastructur consid minim suffici ensur transfer traffic malpensa ss road modernis motorwai commiss inform time complet work access infrastructur airport posit express commiss threaten achiev creat fulli viabl oper hub malpensa threaten viabil project common interest prioriti project tran european network occas meet held brussel juli italian author provid updat inform commiss progress work access infrastructur malpensa airport commiss inform italian author imposit shuttl type condit milan linat rome fiumicino rout adequ solut condit event part traffic distribut rule consider decis remov potenti feed fiumicino hub introduc face user airlin resist ban check luggag check luggag difficult enforc deter travel carri luggag transfer case address problem lack proportion rule object legal assess vi subject distribut traffic airport airport system commiss hold power confer articl regul eec read request member state initi commiss examin applic paragraph month receipt request consult committe refer articl decid member state continu appli measur view complaint lodg carrier commiss consid power decid itali appli traffic distribut rule airport system milan laid decre decre octob onward air transport servic oper malpensa airport except servic meet specif threshold continu oper linat airport commiss initi explicitli provid articl regul eec examin limit complaint situat complain carrier regard fact commiss servic indic compat contest italian rule commun law occas meet place framework christophersen group consid prejudg formal posit commiss matter commiss recal object meet event involv larger audienc commiss servic gener follow malpensa project detail examin compat italian rule commun law commiss servic stage insist necess adequ access infrastructur oper time transfer commiss consult time applic measur question circumst italian author legitim expect commiss find contest italian rule conform commun law event call question procedur applic italian rule situat road rail access malpensa inadequ vii principl freedom oper air servic commun provid articl regul eec commun air carrier oper airport locat airport system commerci decis basi freedom market access gener includ choos airport airport system commiss consid essenti element liberalis process case airport belong airport system equal attract econom term state decis eec ec member state restrict abovement freedom basi articl regul eec read regul affect member state regul discrimin ground nation ident air carrier distribut traffic airport airport system commiss decis ec ec restrict adopt provis compli principl refer point principl discrimin explicitli mention articl principl prohibit form discrimin base air carrier nation reflect principl laid articl treati form discrimin base ident air carrier adopt regul eec council consid absenc discrimin ground carrier nation suffici view structur air transport sector commun ensur satisfactori work intern market civil air transport ensur complianc principl free access market laid articl regul ad principl discrimin basi air carrier ident expressli refer court instanc european commun air inter case gener principl govern freedom provid servic set case law court justic european commun regul eec council set pursuant articl treati detail rule appli principl laid articl treati air transport sector harmonis question market access air carrier hold commun licenc result henceforth refer directli principl subject commun commiss interpret regul eec principl govern freedom provid servic mere prohibit discrimin ground nation ground ident carrier nation measur restrict freedom appli discrimin unaccept warrant mandatori requir public interest result obtain restrict rule accord principl proportion viii case hand verif commiss initi compat articl regul eec italian rule involv appreci compat rule principl discrimin principl proportion principl discrimin commiss consid criteria set decre base traffic volum object criteria distinguish carrier refer nation ident appli commun air carrier mere fact criteria met milan rome rout discrimin pursuant articl regul eec rout open commun air carrier restrict state commiss decis ec principl discrimin set articl preclud measur explicitli make refer carrier nation ident produc indirectli discriminatori effect practic order determin criteria set decre produc discriminatori effect practic examin effect produc applic octob provid decre regard commiss note oper hub spoke network common featur commun air carrier network carrier base hub airport divis commun restrict market exist regulatori constraint provis air servic commun countri eea locat member state carrier establish time largest carrier oper hub network includ air franc pari charl de gaull alitalia rome fiumicino british airwai london heathrow london gatwick iberia madrid baraja lufthansa frankfurt klm amsterdam schiphol sabena brussel sa copenhagen karlstrup hub system achiev comprehens coverag commun air transport market provid servic commun airport serv hub airport support invest requir direct servic similarli hub system enabl servic provid commun airport serv hub airport airport locat countri provid altern prohibit direct servic laid bilater agreement conclud member state countri hub system increas competit abovement carrier compet rout indirect servic rule substitut direct servic substanti differ durat journei level servic stopov chang aircraft attract user direct servic price indirect servic price lower level direct servic basi competit rout direct indirect servic limit convers indirect servic hub substitut case indirect servic regard geograph locat intermedi hub account point destin locat europ case hand inform commiss time competit exist provis air servic milan number airport locat eea lo angel dubai rio de janeiro servic oper alitalia rome fiumicino hub servic oper commun carrier respect hub commiss accept argument put forward italian author milan rome rout plai role feeder rout alitalia hub rome fiumicino commiss alitalia intent progress establish octob onward hub oper malpensa airport put end situat true increas avail direct servic malpensa reduc incent passeng indirect servic evid alitalia oper continu split hub rome fiumicino milan malpensa tenet alitalia restructur plan notifi itali commiss rule state aid decis ec state italian author stress econom financi valid strategi base network hub state rome fiumicino mediterranean termin maintain strong intercontinent emphasi hub strategi underli allianc agreement klm alitalia draft programm winter plan consider develop servic destin eea malpensa detriment rome destin continu serv rome greater number destin altern rome malpensa weekdai weekdai assum alitalia draft programm winter final indic rel develop malpensa rome base servic futur season view increas activ malpensa fiumicino phase hub import congest malpensa increas basi evid alitalia reli signific extent rome hub serv linat italian commun air carrier longer serv hub airport oper servic malpensa fact virtu italian rule rout milan rome continu oper linat airport impli octob alitalia commun carrier access hub rome fiumicino milan linat airport malpensa airport abovement commun carrier access respect hub malpensa airport linat airport locat km south east citi centr milan commun airport serv citi similar greater size locat close citi centr privileg locat airport benefit transport infrastructur network link major area northern itali basin citi milan transport infrastructur network citi comprehens network motorwai link milan turin bergamo venic vares genoa bologna network complement outer ring road serv directli linat airport airport easili access northern itali basin citi milan short distanc linat citi centr make rail servic superflu malpensa airport locat km north west citi centr milan commun airport serv citi similar greater size locat citi centr locat partial benefit transport infrastructur network link northern itali basin citi milan transport infrastructur network citi fact airport access motorwai link milan vares motorwai directli access malpensa airport motorwai connect airport ensur ss road direct link motorwai serv milan exist time long distanc milan direct rail servic time access condit malpensa airport equival linat airport airport compar equal attract octob situat remain unchang wors access infrastructur consid transfer traffic readi infrastructur identifi occas meet octob christophersen group follow malpensa project compris element refer point extend ss road present ss road link motorwai airport termin exist north termin extend termin upgrad motorwai motorwai present highli congest situat worsen transfer traffic result italian rule take place modernis work aim increas capac motorwai construct addit lane side construct emerg lane increas capac toll booth oper direct rail servic milan airport inform transmit italian author extens ss complet octob work modernis motorwai complet decemb addit lane construct direct rail servic oper rail servic provision servic train hour journei time minut fulli oper rail servic malpensa express train hour journei time minut formal commit italian author respect timet level access infrastructur malpensa airport octob compat traffic airport handl result transfer traffic linat hand market growth basi inform commiss case decemb abovement infrastructur plan complet infrastructur complet level necessarili suffici offset favour geograph locat airport compar linat airport regard account avail transport link qualiti link exist differ linat airport malpensa airport regard access condit commiss opinion airport compar point vue attract level access infrastructur malpensa offset geograph locat airport compar linat airport view forego take account competit situat alitalia commun air carrier criteria set decre permit alitalia serv rome fiumicino hub linat airport commun air carrier oblig serv respect hub malpensa airport fact afford alitalia competit advantag competit advantag exist long malpensa airport enjoi level access infrastructur overcom present situat lead consum reluct malpensa airport commiss consid applic criteria set decre octob virtu decre practic produc discriminatori effect favour alitalia applic criteria octob compat principl discrimin ground ident air carrier provid articl regul eec principl proportion malpensa project extend upgrad exist facil malpensa airport aim creat fulli oper viabl hub airport italian rule contribut object ensur suffici amount traffic transfer linat airport malpensa airport ensur viabil hub articl regul eec expressli recognis legitimaci activ airport plan polici compli gener principl commun law packag measur liberalis air transport decis ec page italian rule air carrier longer allow choos linat airport oper air rout meet specif threshold practic appli air rout milan rome rule restrict freedom provid air servic commun milan rule regard discriminatori consist case law court justic abovement judgment case collectiev antenn voorzien gouda applic nation provis provid servic establish member state guarante achiev intend aim order achiev object word obtain result restrict rule paragraph judgment regard commiss note proven creation viabl oper hub success tran european network project make restrict measur contrari establish factor set point oper viabil malpensa project includ time oper flight prerequisit normal access travel thereto necessit complet transfer octob volum traffic provid italian rule applic criteria laid rule result estim transfer traffic million passeng million passeng remain linat airport oper viabil malpensa hub necessit transfer volum traffic compat level airport facil access infrastructur develop futur posit malpensa airport success hub commun threaten access infrastructur airport readi octob date exist access infrastructur compat volum traffic transfer case decemb upgrad motorwai provision rail servic plan oper inform transmit italian author provid level traffic airport time make improv access infrastructur financi arrang malpensa project requir transfer traffic linat airport malpensa airport complet octob fact contract enter eib sea financ project concentr traffic linat malpensa complet decemb latest view forego commiss opinion creation fulli viabl oper hub necessarili presuppos transfer million passeng octob postpon transfer gradual transfer volum octob onward suit object reduc effect freedom provid air servic milan italian rule indispens secur object pursu italian author attain rule restrict freedom provid air servic lastli italian author justifi imposit high threshold traffic permit remain linat indic level airlin oper justifi malpensa linat concern rout traffic predominantli point point object decre linat rout traffic predominantli point point appear intent recit preambl decre refer servic milan rome decre regard achiev object retain rout linat impos unnecessari restrict rout milan rome exclud linat altogeth imposit restrict result drastic reduct activ linat million passeng year million measur effect measur attain object recit preambl decre linat airport event servic commiss consid traffic distribut rule set decre decre compat principl proportion conclus conclus commiss consid traffic distribut rule set decre decre compat articl regul eec applic contrari principl discrimin principl proportion decid pursuant articl regul eec itali appli rule decis call question itali pursu activ airport polici specif object creat fulli viabl oper hub malpensa airport traffic distribut rule order achiev object compli principl commun law set decis incompat fact malpensa project project common interest identifi prioriti project framework tran european network regard commiss recal action member state support prioriti project framework tran european network design creat condit achiev object pursu project fulli compat commun law adopt decis articl itali appli traffic distribut rule airport system milan set decre juli decre octob articl decis address italian republ brussel septemb commiss neil kinnock member commiss oj oj oj oj oj oj access bergamo airport distant locat airport lack adequ access technic infrastructur make attract altern linat pp pp pp case air inter commiss ecr ii paragraph case collectiev antenn voorzien gouda mediawet ecr paragraph oj passeng flew milan airport amsterdam frankfurt pari london madrid rome passeng flew rome london frankfurt amsterdam number passeng flew european airport domest passeng flew frankfurt amsterdam london rome passeng flew airport locat north america passeng flew london flew amsterdam flew rome flew pari passeng flew airport locat south america passeng flew madrid rome amsterdam pari passeng flew airport locat east passeng flew london frankfurt rome amsterdam passeng flew airport locat africa passeng flew rome pari frankfurt london passeng fly milan rome fiumicino connect flight depart airport repres volum passeng connect domest european flight connect intercontinent flight passeng gener proportion revenu long haul segment alitalia serv destin mean direct flight malpensa price sensit passeng prefer connect servic hub conveni access linat incit passeng fly linat rome connect airlin offer cheaper servic alitalia direct servic malpensa hub commun