commiss decis decemb relat proceed articl eec treati iv eurofix bauco hilti english text authent eec commiss european commun regard treati establish european econom commun regard council regul februari regul implement articl treati amend act access spain portug articl thereof regard applic date octob februari made commiss pursuant articl regul eurofix limit arlei coventri unit kingdom structur fasten group bauco uk eal london unit kingdom thame ditton surrei find hilti ag schaan liechtenstein infring articl regard inform obtain commiss pursuant power articl regul regard commiss decis august initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss accord articl regul commiss regul eec juli hear provid articl council regul consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit fact introduct parti hilti hilti aktiengesellschaft hilti ag larg liechtenstein base compani special manufactur distribut varieti fasten system drill equip nail gun profession build industri annual worldwid turnov swf million fasten system hilti produc recogn world leader field nail gun consum nail cartridg cartridg strip hilti worldwid turnov product swf figur omit publish version decis pursuant articl regul protect busi secret swf eec hilti develop manufactur product liechtenstein locat eec princip feder republ germani eec hilti sell nail gun consum wholli own subsidiari belgium franc ireland germani spain uk denmark itali netherland greec portug sale place medium independ distributor eec hilti distribut worldwid basi wholli own subsidiari notabl switzerland usa canada australia japan independ distributor notabl sweden norwai finland organ similar basi independ distributor insid eec eurofix eurofix arlei coventri unit kingdom profix small size compani special manufactur distribut wide varieti nail includ late nail nail gun made hilti nail gun produc eurofix sell rang hilti compat nail specialist sale forc plant hire compani distributor bauco bauco surrei england small compani special import distribut nail hilti nail gun bauco establish sold rang hilti compat nail exclus plant hire compani distributor short produc cartridg strip hilti nail gun stop product legal action hilti product prior develop nail gun fasten construct industri carri slow labour intens method drill attach bolt hook dr martin hilti perfect nail gun quickli popular nail gun work principl similar gun explod cartridg propel nail great forc precis desir posit nail gun nail cartridg total separ origin nail driven directli explod cartridg fire high speed nail gun includ hilti base inher safer indirect action piston system explod cartridg propel piston turn drive nail result nail leav nail gun lower speed direct action nail gun manufactur nail gun produc rang gun type fix cartridg strength emploi nail gun nail gun incorpor power regul system paf enabl fasten made gener time consum drill set time test fix made base materi determin consum suitabl fasten made unsuit fasten appar failur rate expect minimum number fasten made relianc put individu fasten minimum number fasten made vari load base materi type attach materi attach made fasten made requir specif nail nail manufactur nail gun normal nail strength nail properti point adequ ensur penetr requir fasten technic reason nail made stainless steel prevent corros damag effici fix nail zinc coat nail adapt fit specif nail gun nail gun design similar standard interchang brand nail fit brand nail gun earli varieti nail gun requir insert fresh nail fresh cartridg fire process requir time difficult winter oper wore glove recent nail gun includ hilti permit magazin number cartridg cartridg magazin form plastic metal strip disc brass cartridg strip automat fed nail gun fire obviat introduct fresh cartridg gun semi automat fresh nail introduc time cartridg strip made fit specif brand nail gun gener interchang individu brass cartridg standard nail gun wide varieti profession user construct industri cost initi outlai nail gun relat number fix undertaken preclud privat enthusiast rise plant hire shop uk made gun access limit extent privat individu hilti rang nail gun nail cartridg strip obtain patent protect hilti latest nail gun dx featur compar earlier model dx dx patent hilti patent protect nail gun eec due expir depend countri patent featur involv eec hilti obtain patent nail member state denmark patent expir member state patent protect prevent manufactur produc rang nail appar similar characterist specif hilti nail gun manufactur gun hilti legal action basi patent individu brass cartridg advent cartridg strip semi automat nail gun patent suppli cartridg freeli sourc shot cartridg strip develop hilti dx patent member state model notabl dx greec patent expir feder republ germani member state expir fiocchi supplier hilti independ cartridg cartridg strip produc hilti legal action sale fiocchi cartridg strip feder republ germani prior expiri patent successfulli obtain injunct prevent sale itali legal action breach patent threaten denmark independ distributor cartridg strip hilti nail gun made hilti caus withdraw strip legal action uk respect cartridg strip detail usa hilti patent cartridg strip narrowli drawn independ cartridg strip maker design sell cartridg strip hilti nail gun infring hilti patent nail gun produc produc distribut cartridg strip oper nail gun hilti appar oper similar principl hilti strip oj oj decis hilti refer hilti organ hilti ag liechtenstein wholli own control subsidiari term exclud independ hilti distributor document powder actuat fasten tool refer nail gun distinct made direct action indirect action type footnot nail refer stud nail fasten devic fire fix nail gun cartridg refer individu brass cartridg insert cartridg strip semi automat nail gun load individu singl shot nail gun cartridg strip refer strip holder plastic hilti case brass cartridg insert state cartridg strip refer strip complement cartridg consum refer nail cartridg strip powder actuat fasten system hereinaft refer paf mean nail gun nail cartridg strip hilti announc intent market nail holder automat fed nail gun make nail gun fulli automat recent develop relev present case uk origin patent grant patent act expir year juli patent act extend term exist patent year order harmon term patent eec cartridg strip patent due expir juli patent extend act period extend valid subject licenc absenc agreement licensor license uk comptrol patent design trademark fix term licenc addit patent protect hilti maintain uk design cartridg strip cartridg benefit protect uk design copyright law draw cartridg strip hilti claim copyright hilti breach dimension reproduct attach hilti patent applic inform commiss possess patent claim produc nail gun cartridg strip prevent parti manufactur cartridg strip nail gun ii market share sale commiss estim hilti market share nail gun member state shown tabl estim spain portug basi fact commiss suggest market structur radic member state hilti approxim market share eec hilti estim approxim market share nail gun sourc hilti estim pasa uk belgium luxembourg denmark feder republ germani greec franc ireland itali netherland unit kingdom note hilti estim competitor spit approxim impex signific market share eec market produc small insignific market share figur commiss spit market share eec slightli overestim hilti case sale concentr franc lesser extent uk countri market share significantli hilti precis estim hilti share sale cartridg strip cartridg nail member state uk estim pasa hilti share sale nail cartridg strip compani spit market basi figur commiss consid share sale estim uk hilti higher share consum sale tool approxim situat member state estim hilti share sale consum eec equal tool hilti make nail cartridg cartridg strip made dynamit nobel nouvel cartoucheri de survilli detail fiocchi suppli cartridg cartridg strip hilti relationship discontinu nail gun manufactur make made specif cartridg strip nail gun whilst minor reli parti suppli consum nail gun produc produc nail cartridg strip produc nail gun includ hilti nail gun maker produc manufactur nail gun suppli consum nail gun independ nail cartridg produc independ nail maker cartridg maker addit complain eurofix bauco independ produc nail nail gun eec hilti nail gun largest market share independ nail maker interest suppli nail hilti nail gun commerci practic sale independ nail hilti nail gun limit independ succeed sell eec independ maker complain alleg hilti practic ty sale nail cartridg strip measur equival effect sever limit penetr market claim absenc ty sale higher mainten artifici low product run increas cost independ nail maker produc nail make nail gun hilti conclud hilti share eec market hilti compat nail substanti excess share market nail gener signific independ produc cartridg nail gun eec dynamit nobel feder republ germani nouvel cartoucheri de survilli franc fiocchi itali hilti ag agreement dynamit nobel nouvel cartoucheri de survilli cartridg develop cartridg sold dynamit nobel nouvel cartoucheri de survilli direct hilti distribut subsidiari hilti offici exclus distributor produc fiocchi signific eec produc hilti compat cartridg strip commiss recent fiocchi dynamit nobel nouvel cartoucheri de survilli produc cartridg strip hilti recent ceas hilti supplier difficult estim futur sale cartridg strip hilti nail gun continu patent protect member state greec feder republ germani uk licenc sale limit state nail cartridg strip made specif oper brand type nail gun brand commiss awar hilti claim successfulli enforc patent protect cartridg strip cartridg strip function effect hilti nail gun appar breach hilti patent uk hilti maintain whilst cartridg strip reproduc design hilti strip breach copyright make strip design produc fiocchi breach copyright bauco alleg cartridg strip function safe effect hilti nail gun similar design hilti strip risk infring hilti alleg copyright hilti recogn strip design capabl function safe effect nail gun conclud hilti share eec market hilti compat cartridg strip substanti greatli excess share market cartridg strip gener usa cartridg strip patent narrowli drawn cartridg strip nail gun produc readili eec independ cartridg strip nail produc larger share market nail produc nail gun maker gun sold brand nail gun independ nail maker european market sell usa distribut system nail gun consum eec hilti distribut polici eec gener sell direct end user belgium feder republ germani franc spain ireland uk hilti oper wholli own subsidiari portug itali greec denmark netherland hilti appoint exclus local distributor close ti hilti hilti intern agreement agreement independ distributor featur distributor exclus right sell countri oper distributor agre sell direct end user distributor allow manufactur deal sell product compet directli hilti product hilti distributor inform train distributor agre follow gener polici hilti intern group pursuant hilti intern charter close cooper parti distributor free fix price consult hilti take account hilti intern group price polici member state hilti start sell end user plant hire compani distributor plai small signific increasingli import role distribut nail gun consum formal distribut agreement plant hire compani distributor uk denmark spain direct deal gain signific larg proport hilti sale nail gun manufactur varieti distribut system manufactur oper wholli own subsidiari lesser extent exclus dealer member state polici sell direct end user smaller produc mixtur sell direct end user sell dealer plant hire compani organ inform exclus basi minor oper dealer plant hire compani inform exclus basi small size independ nail maker includ complain manufactur nail hilti nail gun sell plant hire compani similar distributor dealer addit eurofix salesmen deal directli end user iii complaint undertak complaint formal applic date octob articl regul eurofix complain commiss hilti breach articl eec treati claim hilti ag act eec subsidiari pursu commerci strategi design exclud eurofix market nail compat hilti product essenc eurofix alleg hilti refus suppli independ dealer distributor hilti product cartridg strip requisit complement nail respons order sell nail hilti nail gun eurofix obtain suppli cartridg strip hilti induc independ dealer netherland cut suppli cartridg strip eurofix previous obtain sourc eurofix refus suppli cartridg strip direct request hilti eurofix appli licenc term subsequ fix comptrol patent hilti made clear complain consid patent licenc give licenc copyright hilti claim hold uk bauco made similar complaint commiss alleg hilti breach articl request interim measur formal applic date februari articl regul bauco alleg custom bui hilti cartridg strip nail make difficult bauco sell nail hilti refus suppli cartridg strip bauco bauco attempt bui parti cartridg strip hilti independ distributor netherland block hilti reduc discount bauco custom hilti good bought bauco nail hilti refus grant bauco licenc manufactur import cartridg strip bauco manufactur import strip hilti initi injunct proceed copyright patent infring result bauco submit agreement decemb sell import manufactur cartridg strip design reproduc draw hilti own copyright infring hilti patent bauco appli licenc fear hilti alleg copyright licenc patent law term licenc subsequ fix comptrol patent pasa uk trade associ uk paf proport custom dealt direct deal appar larger proport sale hilti deal direct larg custom small custom serv plant hire compani distributor interim measur proceed subsequ undertak hilti act specif bauco request interim measur commiss request inform hilti pursuant articl regul carri investig pursuant articl regul premis hilti gb analysi inform collect commiss consid prima faci case hilti held domin posit market nail gun consum abus posit inter alia make suppli cartridg strip condit purchas nail commiss initi procedur pursuant articl regul statement object hilti august object lead interim measur exercis defenc case interim measur hilti prejudic offer commiss accept undertak august commiss complet investig made final determin case durat undertak hilti declar longer tie sale cartridg strip nail discrimin discount order cartridg magazin meaur similar effect subsequ undertak commiss complet investig led present decis iv hilti commerci behaviour ty cartridg strip nail commiss enquiri reveal hilti carri polici suppli cartridg strip end user distributor plant hire compani cartridg strip purchas complement nail repli request inform pursuant articl regul hilti origin deni ty place salesmen hilti gb offer full hilti fasten system doubt item system obtain separ independ doubt independ market fire tool sold end user consum accessori cartridg fasten nail stud replac custom hilti tool free place order nail cartridg point letter hilti march investig fact emerg complaint eurofix bauco report custom experienc difficulti order cartridg strip nail hilti eurofix difficulti back bauco custom difficulti bauco start sell hilti compat nail repli letter market situat pursuant articl regul danish german independ nail maker alleg hilti practic ty nail cartridg strip make difficult sell nail intern hilti gb document made commiss inspector show ty place regard custom letter hilti gb hilti ag eurofix custom state custom advis embargo cartridg sale verbal restrict pass custom write intern memo june midland region sale forc hilti gb eurofix custom state custom want larg quantiti hilti cartridg requir connect profix eurofix nail circumst suppli custom similar request inform area manag immedi gener hilti consid cartridg nail hilti unilater unsaf order refus appar hilti consid bauco eurofix nail hilti nail gun unsaf repli statement object hilti acknowledg individu case refus suppli custom cartridg strip nail undertak hilti complain report easier sell nail cartridg strip gener made hilti complementari suppli nail discrimin relat cartridg order case hilti carri ty attempt block sale competitor nail polici reduc discount order cartridg nail reduct discount link primarili object criteria quantiti base substanti fact custom purchas competitor nail fact relat matter complaint bauco alleg custom normal discount reduc hilti purchas bauco nail intern hilti gb document made commiss inspector show reduc discount attempt block sale competitor nail letter hilti gb hilti ag discuss case eurofix custom state discount dx cartridg reduc significantli grant level equal quantiti fasten purchas cartridg custom letter hilti gb usual discount larg cartridg order hilti gb intern instruct area manag februari state ensur custom bui nail profix hilti tool continu receiv length notic site servic tool train technic advic discount cartridg brought home user hilti servic made purchas profix nail hilti gb letter bauco custom state hilti intent reduc discount intern hilti document show hilti realis difficult refus suppli long stand regular custom reduc discount effect firth industri servic major custom bauco discount significantli reduc sandel perkin case dealt bauco claim discrimin regard cartridg order occur custom told hilti order cartridg nail approv region manag view fact present complain investig hilti gb premis hilti deni practic letter june commiss hilti state market effort hilti attempt influenc persuad custom hilti direct fasten system hilti suppli end attempt influenc persuad plant hire compani bui requir nail hilti order cartridg attempt hilti grant discount plant hire compani purchas cartridg nail letter state respect order cartridg case respons manag frequent attempt persuad custom purchas respect consum hilti offer discount hilti letter commiss octob undertak confirm view true reason hilti plant hire compani withdraw preferenti treatment practic suppli hilti dx system nail hilti suffici reliabl respect safeti system repli statement object hilti recogn gener polici special discount purchas cartridg strip nail refus normal discount cartridg strip order hinder prevent export hilti exert pressur independ distributor notabl netherland fulfil export order notabl uk result hilti netherland fulfil order export eec fulfil larg export order includ uk profit hilti netherland clear unwilling result pressur persuas hilti part fact relat matter complain experienc difficulti eurofix purchas cartridg parti hilti netherland approxim half current uk list price eurofix subsequ attempt obtain suppli refus alleg hilti gb awar sourc cartridg uk market bauco alleg complaint obtain cartridg hilti netherland parti price significantli lower repli hilti netherland order hilti ag instruct suppli cartridg nail contact januari hilti netherland offer cartridg condit export eec hilti document repli request pursuant articl regul show hilti netherland persuad suppli eurofix confirm version event letter commiss march hilti state order eurofix fulfil meant export discount hilti train cost letter januari commiss complaint receiv hilti detail aspect case appear hilti gb determin sourc eurofix cartridg contact hilti ag circular letter subsidiari independ distributor warn suppli profix eurofix independ suppli cartridg hilti circular letter decemb earlier hilti circular novemb warn suppli profix eurofix cartridg warn suppli cartridg strip name independ distributor hilti tool uk time suppli hilti gb suspect suppli profix letter june hilti ag address hilti netherland give model repli refus order profix eurofix base alleg safeti consider undertak complain obtain direct indirect suppli hilti cartridg hilti netherland refus suppli eurofix bauco competitor hilti polici suppli cartridg independ produc nail nail gun produc respons request hilti consist refus suppli eurofix bauco delai frustrat grant licenc order sell nail face difficulti complain attempt obtain independ suppli cartridg strip manufactur hilti independ suppli necessit patent licenc hilti unwil grant licenc licenc uk hilti fix royalti high amount refus state license patent licenc give right copyright claim cartridg strip ec bull point denial repeat hilti letter june commiss inspect hilti gb premis hilti condit sale cartridg end user plant hire compani purchas nail remark qualifi point hilti claim safeti fit intend hilti nail discuss normal quantiti discount level fact relat matter hilti letter novemb eurofix state polici grant patent licenc eurofix obtain licenc propos royalti hilti state licenc give right hilti alleg copyright bauco request licenc propos royalti met respons hilti letter august propos royalti warn breach hilti alleg copyright bauco start make cartridg obtain licenc hilti start proceed interlocutori injunct basi alleg copyright patent infring high court injunct restrain bauco deal cartridg strip infring hilti patent alleg copyright hilti intern letter juli made commiss inspector show hilti knew grant licenc ask high licenc fee intent bauco accept stage proceed hilti contest figur propos eurofix comptrol patent fix royalti level request eurofix penc strip approxim hilti list price hilti origin propos approxim higher settl figur case subject litig pend appeal hilti matter relat royalti refus suppli cartridg resal hilti thought cartridg strip receiv order sold independ nail maker refus suppli admittedli long stand custom hilti recogn carri polici system discriminatori discount uk addit lower discount order cartridg hilti initi polici classifi plant hire compani seller support support system receiv higher rate discount order similar quantiti addit qualit criteria willing carri train condit support plant hire compani seller includ central locat prepar enter arrang hilti accept polici continu direct sell recogn brand loyalti famili product letter januari commiss hilti polici state decid appli polici unilater consult plant hire compani seller hilti state publicli custom oper system criteria involv obtain support statu fact unsupport plant hire compani discount significantli reduc explan inform criteria select brand loyalti famili product criterion select independ consum paf lead case unsupport statu consequ signific reduct discount refus honour guarante hilti polici refus honour guarante tool hilti nail hilti acknowledg refus honour guarante select discriminatori polici direct busi competitor competitor custom hilti regular establish polici appli discriminatori tactic form select price cut advantag term direct busi competitor competitor custom polici appli manufactur consum hilti nail gun manufactur nail gun fact relat matter intern hilti document march made commiss inspector compil list user hilti nail gun notabl spit impex summar stategi adopt convert custom hilti involv special trade discount deal tool free charg user profix nail identifi strategi offer extra discount order encourag convers hilti intern note march septemb septemb januari novemb confirm select discriminatori polici competitor custom compris isol incid case specif custom competitor identifi special discriminatori deal offer convert custom hilti case firth deserv special mention show carefulli plan strategi appli hilti busi bauco main custom firth plant hire compani larg custom hilti year quantiti purchas obtain high discount rate hilti paf busi grow successfulli firth start purchas hilti nail notic hilti firth demand cartridg nail princip result decis hilti nail expand busi custom previous suppli hilti direct firth discount reduc rang hilti product unilater hilti explan expect hilti firth request normal discount refus pai invoic low discount account stop time hilti identifi firth custom offer competit consum special packag deal hilti normal discount order entic firth result hilti increas sale firth area firth expens effect reduc firth sale reduc bauco sale firth version event confirm hilti intern memo novemb decemb march addit firth gave estim commiss busi lost result hilti polici undertak hilti firth continu receiv unfavour discriminatori treatment hilti order cartridg refus offer note figur hilti prior undertak threshold monitor hilti nail hilti state coincid firth fact limit normal busi requir intervent servic commiss respect undertak gener hilti prejudic agre reimburs firth outstand disput discount fulfil order cartridg version event confirm hilti letter septemb commiss commiss letter septemb octob hilti hilti letter octob firth sandel perkin plant hire compani bauco major custom experienc difficulti firth discount reduc unilater hilti purchas bauco nail reduct quantiti purchas hilti applic polici unsupport plant hire compani discuss hilti servic commiss respect undertak gener hilti initi reinstat sandel perkin higher discount level letter hilti decemb behaviour subsequ undertak case firth subsequ undertak hilti implement polici limit number cartridg order nail quantiti line previou requir compani bauco eurofix custom low previou purchas requir hilti polici ty reduc discount hilti practic undertak attempt limit flag hire cartridg month order discuss hilti servic commiss respect undertak gener polici revers hilti letter commiss januari hilti appear gener suppli cartridg strip nail hilti appar continu case give lower quantiti discount cartridg order polici discourag order hilti letter commiss januari concern custom offer discount normal quantiti discount order cartridg fact hilti appar appli secret unilater polici differenti discount support unsupport plant hire compani criteria brand loyalti gener purchas hilti consum econom consequ hilti behaviour hilti import produc supplier consum common market limit market penetr independ nail cartridg strip produc sell consum hilti nail gun extent independ produc suppli small proport consum hilti nail gun hilti charg price market member state basi figur provid hilti commiss consid underestim differ exclud member state price differ member state hilti distribut larg gun cartridg strip nail account member state hilti oper independ distributor differ great gun cartridg strip nail addit hilti make larg mark up product member state hilti distribut mark great gun cartridg strip nail fact account transfer price hilti ag subsidiari mark up greater mark up light fact distribut cost hilti subisidiari approxim revenu minu cost purchas vi proof justif commiss obtain consider amount evid establish commerci behaviour complain felt effect polici market client object hilti polici hilti letter intern memo fact hilti polici gener inform client write polici reason therefor intern hilti note march true subsequ complaint commiss investig statement object practic admit whilst admit practic hilti maintain motiv concern safeti necess ensur adequ train exclud standard consum argumenht dealt legal assess legal asess articl articl eec treati abus undertak domin posit common market substanti part thereof prohibit incompat common market affect trade member state undertak decis address hilti ag liechtenstein control directli indirectli action subsidiari form part hilti group commerci polici carri hilti subsidiari notabl hilti gb origin complaint lodg doubt documentari evid gener commerci polici individu detail applic polici carri direct knowledg hilti ag strategi attempt prevent independ nail maker suppli nail hilti gun hilti ag polici hilti ag respons action subsidiari compani undertaken pursuit group polici role matter object hilti ag subsidiari consid singl undertak mean articl proceed comptrol patent hilti orign request royalti rate penc strip amount royalti hilti list price price discount proceed contest figur propos eurofix system cover product addit paf paf support dealer discount unsupport dealer discount hilti intern memo septemb sandel perkin identifi bauco custom intern hilti document memo letter hilti ag hilti gb june relev market commiss view cartridg strip nail lesser extent brand nail gun specif adapt brand nail gun order function properli user hilti nail gun suppli cartridg strip nail specif produc gun result relev product market case separ market hilti compat cartridg strip hilti compat nail separ market suppli side nail cartridg strip produc total technolog firm demand side true user equal complement nail cartridg necessarili purchas ident quantiti explain partli fact type nail cartridg strip nail fix manual nail gun note produc manufactur nail cartridg strip brand nail gun barrier entri product product brand nail gun low absenc artifici institut barrier addit nail gun constitut separ relev market consid case whilst hilti potenti compet separ relev market cartridg strip nail gener compet directli market cartridg strip nail gun hilti patent protect cartridg strip commun greec germani patent expir uk patent subject licenc addit uk hilti claim copyright protect cartridg strip prevent independ produc cartridg strip produc sell strip relat nail institut barrier exist absenc hilti polici ty sale nail patent cartridg strip measur tend effect signific barrier entri market hilti compat nail nail maker relev geograph market nail gun hilti compat consum eec absenc artifici barrier product transport eec excess transport cost hilti view commiss accept view put forward hilti nail gun cartridg strip nail form integr system powder actuat fasten system fact exist independ nail cartridg strip maker produc nail gun show articl suppli condit nail gun manufactur reli independ nail cartridg strip produc suppli part consum hilti reli dynamit nobel cartoucheri de survilli fiocchi suppli independ subsidiari distributor direct cartridg strip independ nail maker suppli nail gun manufactur nail final demand side note purchas nail gun capit invest normal usag amort long period cartridg strip nail constitut current expenditur user purchas line current requir nail gun consum purchas decis depend set consider factor point hilti letter commiss march fact consid nail cartridg strip nail gun constitut separ market conclud nail gun cartridg strip nail inter relat set suppli demand condit constitut separ product market accept powder actuat fasten system paf consid singl market commiss accept hilti view system form part relev market constitut fasten system gener construct industri true type fix carri nail gun technic accept altern fix hand drill power drill case spot weld tap screw rivet bolt nut fix method constitut part relev market nail gun reason set suppli side type fix equip gener produc total separ technolog suppli condit gener firm nail gun spot weld equip demand side commiss consid paf fix method form part relev market small signific increas decreas price nail gun nail cartridg appreci shift demand altern method fix word fix method interchang basi small cost circumst imposs firm larg share sale fix method exercis signific econom power act independ custom competitor condit fulfil independ action exercis econom power produc fix method larg drop demand type fix increas fix method consider import defin relev market purpos rule competit product question rel demand type fix method price sensit result form part relev market fact shift observ hilti behaviour reason set factor enter choic fix method emplox job site technic possibl make fasten type materi fix reliabl equip account prevail site condit avail equip practic technic possibl job load bear capac requir durabl fasten made technic skill experi oper make fasten build law regul time constraint finish job contract cost fix includ cost materi nail cartridg case paf set time job time need accomplish fix oper wage includ set power sourc applic view paf characterist differ radic fix method relev choic fix method emploi job site hand paf versatil easili portabl carri wide rang type fix metal metal wood concret requir site power sourc set time requir make fix spot weld altern method make metal metal fix requir minut set time oper fatigu involv paf compar fix method time requir make individu fix paf substanti altern fix method exampl suppli hilti tap screw time longer paf fix fix drill anchor fix metal support bracket concret floor take time long paf hand nail cartridg make fix substanti expens materi fix method metal support bracket suppli hilti cost nail cartridg half time materi screw anchor altern method fix paf make fix materi fix method higher load bear capac paf load bear capac determin individu case concret destruct test altern fix method load bear capac readili calcul advanc technic reason unreli paf fix rise failur proport paf fix minimum number fix requir addit factor oblig oper make larger number fix fix system replac failur date type materi failur paf make adequ reliabl fix appar destruct test technic reason paf nail made stainless steel circumst doubt long term durabl abil resist rust zinc coat member state build regul forbid paf fix applic wide rang factor enter choic fix method characterist econom legal technic paf fix method part relev market choic fix method made basi specif fix applic specif site technic legal econom consider vari specif applic site view great factor enter choic fact fix element small part build cost indic price element fix method crucial element choic fix method emploi job conceiv small price nail gun nail cartridg larg shift altern fix method basi assumpt wage consum cost limit number specif fix total real cost make fix paf altern method similar fix legal technic factor discuss critic choic fix method limit circumst fix oper chang paf method fix basi rel shift price fix method major fix method small rel price element crucial factor determin method fix reason support materi present hilti show compar cost method fix specif job case present small signific chang price nail cartridg rel fix method screw anchor chang order cheapest method accomplish fix case cost consum element fix method constitut small part cost job case commiss consid exampl critic account econom consider enter full compar cost analysi base highli specif job assumpt wage rate danger draw gener conclus exampl compar cost exampl assess adequ part technic econom legal consider list compar fix made weld stud paf hilti intern document conclus choic weld stud paf depend price paf consum factor unrel price consum determin choic hilti dump paf consum chang demand domin estim hilti share sale eec cartridg strip gener market nail gun market hilti compat cartridg strip eec relev purpos decis market share substanti higher failur independ cartridg strip produc penetr market fact eec hilti sell virtual cartridg consum gun hilti cartridg strip enjoi patent protect expir member state uk allegedli copyright protect made virtual imposs cartridg strip produc enter market hilti compat cartridg strip absenc patent alleg copyright protect barrier entri product plastic strip cartridg appar low individu brass cartridg difficult manufactur independ supplier exist cartridg strip estim hilti share sale nail gener market nail gun market hilti compat nail eec relev market purpos decis market share higher high enjoi market hilti compat consum independ nail maker albeit limit success independ cartridg strip maker penetr market hilti compat consum competitor princip complain small market share date sale limit uk technic barrier entri product nail nail gun fact independ nail produc manufactur nail gun make nail show barrier insurmount appar effect patent nail separ relev market hilti compat cartridg strip nail import estim commiss hilti market share approxim eec nail gun posit reflect member state data hilti market share nail gun greater nearest competitor spit impex competitor small market share addit strength deriv market share rel weak competitor hilti advantag reinforc maintain posit nail gun market biggest sell nail gun dx technic advantag featur protect patent hilti extrem strong research develop posit lead compani worldwid nail gun fasten technolog hilti strong organ distribut system eec subsidiari independ dealer integr sell network deal direct custom market nail gun matur discourag entrant sale market share obtain expens exist competitor market replac forego consider lead conclus hilti hold domin posit eec nail gun market hilti compat nail cartridg strip relev market purpos decis stress case relev market hilti compat nail cartridg strip import hilti larg share sale nail gun larg share independ manufactur nail cartridg strip manufactur nail cartridg strip hilti tool produc small segment market achiev economi scale competit profit hilti market power domin stem princip larg share sale nail gun coupl patent protect cartridg strip econom posit enjoi enabl prevent effect competit maintain relev market hilti compat nail cartridg strip fact hilti commerci behaviour analys wit abil act independ due regard competitor custom relev market question addit hilti price polici reflect abil determin appreci influenc condit competit develop behaviour econom consequ compani face real competit pressur commiss consid hilti hold domin posit separ relev market hilti compat nail cartridg strip correct hilti argu nail gun form part wider market compet fix method gener alter analysi relev market hilti compat nail cartridg strip concern hilti domin thereof independ produc consum relev market compet hilti compat consum compet potenti market consum gener hilti commerci behaviour object decis concern exclus hilti compat consum attempt extend power enjoi market hilti compat cartridg strip market hilti compat nail freedom action exercis market disregard competitor custom distributor evid domin behaviour power deriv posit cartridg strip market hilti severli limit effect competit independ produc hilti compat nail benefit invest hilti nail gun oper suppli hilti compat compat nail relev market independ produc hilti compat consum hilti compet domin commiss examin carefulli econometr studi submit hilti relat definit relev market studi conclud signific cross price elast fix made nail gun power drill compet relev market commiss accept conclus place relev market abus commit decis princip concern hilti compat cartridg strip nail date studi methodolog lead conclus fact case produc find accur reflect realiti marketplac find studi concord fact price nail gun consum fact vari wide member state demand paf price sensit studi suggest highli price differ member state subsist short term contrari price differ confirm domin hilti abil determin price nail gun consum unaffect influenc cross price elast relat market addit commiss report econometr result support unambigu posit conclus drawn studi final methodolog studi refin definit result establish abus domin posit hilti abus domin posit eec relev market nail gun importantli market hilti compat cartridg strip nail princip attempt prevent limit entri independ produc hilti compat consum market hilti attempt block limit entri mean legitim domin compani aspect hilti commerci behaviour design effect aim prevent hilti compat cartridg strip freeli avail hilti compat cartridg strip eec hilti recent enjoi protect afford patent independ produc hilti compat nail sever restrict penetr market custom oblig reli hilti cartridg nail hilti nail gun limit effect competit entrant hilti preserv domin posit abil carri illeg polici stem power market hilti compat cartridg strip nail gun market posit strongest barrier entri highest aim reinforc domin hilti compat nail market potenti vulner competit individu aspect polici hinder entrant market hilti compat nail prevent free avail cartridg strip set abus place centr uk constitut substanti part common market abus direct effect member state addit strategi hilti aim indirectli eec attempt stop entrant market start export prevent profit arbitrag ty reduc discount discriminatori polici cartridg order make sale patent cartridg strip condit take complement nail constitut abus domin posit reduc discount discriminatori polici cartridg order polici leav consum choic sourc nail abus exploit addit polici object effect exclud independ nail maker threaten domin posit hilti hold ty reduct discount isol incid gener appli polici ii induc independ distributor fulfil order export polici independ nail maker sell nail provid suppli hilti compat cartridg strip complain attempt import hilti cartridg strip netherland attempt reinforc ty polici uk attack independ nail maker hilti realis sourc induc dutch distributor stop suppli cartridg strip action foreclos sourc suppli custom effect partit common market hilti warn independ dealer fulfil order uk custom time suppli hilti aim prevent independ nail maker obtain suppli cartridg strip enter market view hilti abus behaviour iii refus fulfil complet order cartridg strip made establish custom dealer resel hilti refus suppli cartridg long stand custom object resal independ nail maker veto right purchas dispos product constitut abus domin posit design prevent free avail hilti compat cartridg strip aim block entri market hilti compat nail iv frustrat delai legitim licenc hilti patent view polici refus suppli hilti nail maker oblig obtain hilti cartridg strip necessit patent licenc uk licenc legal avail hilti prevent licenc come exist size royalti demand intern hilti document show royalti object justifi attempt block unreason delai licenc royalti eurofix fix comptrol patent level request demand eurofix effect hilti high royalti demand delai substanti time licenc effect hilti behaviour deliber demand unreason high level royalti sole object block grant licenc constitut abus domin posit hilti aim prevent compet suppli cartridg strip hold domin posit effect delai diminish negat effect legitim licenc case hilti posit cartridg strip prevent competit nail refus object reason honour guarante hilti polici attempt block sale independ nail made guarante nail gun honour hilti nail whilst legitim honour guarante faulti standard hilti nail malfunct prematur wear breakdown case gener polici circumst case amount abus domin posit indirect mean hinder custom access sourc suppli hilti present data show hilti nail damag prematur wear malfunct hilti gun excess expect result hilti nail vi oper select discriminatori polici direct busi competitor custom evid present show hilti polici design illeg limit entri market competitor produc hilti compat nail occas hilti singl main custom competitor offer favour condit order attract loyalti case give product free charg condit select discriminatori custom hilti bui similar equival quantiti dit benefit special condit custom hilti receiv special offer discrimin effect bear cost lower price custom special offer direct defens reaction competitor reflect hilti pre establish polici attempt limit entri market hilti compat nail domin undertak hilti carri strategi market power maintain price custom unaffect select discriminatori discount altern strategi devis hilti illeg limit competitor sale carefulli orchestr polici damag elimin competitor main custom intern hilti document fulli support firth view busi singl hand creat difficulti suppli firth reduc discount uneconom level hand appli favour select discrimin firth custom applic polici damag busi hilti competitor custom directli disciplinari anticompetit effect potenti custom independ nail threaten similar polici discourag bui hilti nail aggress price rivalri essenti competit instrument select discriminatori price polici domin firm design pure damag busi deter market entri competitor whilst maintain higher price bulk custom exploit custom destruct competit constitut abus conduct domin firm reinforc preponder market posit abus case hing price cost defin case product free depend fact domin hilti offer special discriminatori price competitor custom view damag busi whilst maintain higher price equival custom vii oper unilater secretli polici differenti discount support unsupport plant hire compani dealer uk uk hilti appli discount system support unsupport plant hire compani normal quantiti discount support dealer fact unsupport plant hire compani enjoi higher rate discount reserv support plant hire compani polici support unsupport dealer appli unilater explan hilti unsupport plant hire compani simpli inform reduct rate discount attempt explain criteria decis base whilst object criteria involv select support dealer justifi higher discount carri train higher volum purchas decis dealer bui competitor consum constitut impermiss element select process view hilti polici fact decis distributor bui hilti consum criterion decis grant higher lower discount commiss take view polici part hilti gener systemat organ attempt discrimin prevent competit independ nail maker object reduct discount order cartridg strip nail polici lower discount unsupport dealer base consider quantiti uniformli appli object justifi constitut abus domin posit criteria select secret polici appli unilater hilti explan viii behaviour subsequ undertak undertak commiss hilti attempt continu limit custom order cartridg strip nail amount previou order cartridg cartridg figur previous hilti monitor process identifi custom independ nail polici constitut attempt continu ty practic applic measur equival effect hilti behaviour respect appar chang discuss hilti commiss commiss awar hilti continu appli secretli give reason lower discount system unsupport dealer criteria hilti nail effect trade member state hilti abus behaviour appreci direct effect trade member state affect structur competit common market present case competit hilti compat consum impact fragil competit structur signific potenti impact trade member state hilti pressur independ dealer attempt block export made potenti profit larg price differ exist common market hilti abus behaviour bound affect structur competit common market substanti part thereof polici design prevent penetr market independ nail maker polici design elimin nail maker altogeth market flow trade develop potenti line absenc abus restrict penetr independ nail maker market object justif hilti express concern aspect reliabl oper safeti paf summar oper nail gun properli train nail gun consum safeti procedur accid oper avoid reliabl secur fasten made substandard cartridg give rise mi multi fire deposit excess carbon overrid safeti mechan nail gun substandard nail give rise ricochet break splinter danger oper lead unreli fasten manufactur paf ensur compat safeti reliabl system compris nail gun nail cartridg unifi system independ consum produc product individu item system guarante integr hilti maintain nail made independ nail maker made complain eurofix bauco substandard fit purpos intend alleg danger capabl penetr base materi suffici reliabl secur fix made base materi hilti alleg cartridg strip made fiocchi signific eec produc link hilti defici danger hilti accept concern relat safeti reliabl oper paf suffici justifi commerci behaviour object decis constitut restrict action attain object safeti hilti consid propos distribut system restrict maintain action motiv desir ensur safe reliabl oper product commerci advantag deriv action hilti claim behaviour restrict attain object motiv pure safeti consider commiss make point abus alleg safeti problem back hilti approach commiss year inform verbal propos distribut system design overcom safeti problem complaint lodg commiss commun hilti hilti told commiss offici view appar domin select system accept object justifi ground safeti quantit restrict accept meantim subsequ evid show hilti continu extend abus practic warn practic unaccept prove practic gave rise complaint bauco complaint commun hilti send commiss inform basi propos distribut system month inform approach commiss draft system notifi commiss statement object propos interim measur hilti warn practic eurofix bauco complain prove constitut abus domin posit period question onward hilti action legal expect compani pure motiv consider safeti reliabl confront alleg substandard potenti danger nail complain hilti rare put write custom alleg danger unfit complain nail hilti document show express polici warn verbal put write critic complain product creat situat doubt complain product made difficult challeng normal legal valid alleg effici hilti warn custom maintain commiss danger product hilti wrote commun complain express concern realiabl fit safeti nail commiss awar hilti normal action report complain unit kingdom trade standard depart basi argument constitut fals advertis misrepresent unit kingdom trade standard depart action trade descript act infring crimin offenc altern hilti su privat advertis mispresent believ complain breach code advertis practic approach advertis standard author hilti alleg complain advertis represent product patent misrepres fals commiss awar hilti step make complaint nation govern bodi unit kingdom health safeti execut act health safeti work act trade standard depart act consum safeti act hilti alleg complain product unfit intend potenti danger commiss consid view behaviour hilti motiv sole concern safeti reliabl paf substandard consum hilti action abus decis reflect commerci interest stop penetr market hilti consumbl main profit paf origin sale consum sale nail gun prejudic possibl hilti genuin concern safeti reliabl hilti action expect concern compani face safeti worri resort behaviour abus articl explor legitim effici wai deal concern final note hand hilti shown mark reluct engag litig request action public author basi alleg safeti fit allow alleg properli evalu compet author hand hilti start numer court action protect patent contest stage complain applic licenc incid evok safeti argument hilti failur act normal channel safeti fit issu put unwilling engag litig case public author respons safeti misrepresent expect act autonom hilti present adequ evid infring law complain hilti purport decid unilater independ nail unsaf unfit basi hilti attempt justifi polici decis gener thrust object effect prevent entri market independ nail produc hilti domin compani attempt impos allegedli justifi safeti rquirement regard safeti product liabil requir exist member state commiss examin carefulli nation safeti requir standard recommend relat nail gun consum eec countri examin guidelin issu profession trade associ eec except spain provis oblig recommend user hilti nail hilti nail gun put onu independ produc nail guarante nail standard oblig user check fit commiss awar move alter significantli arrang final member state employ oblig gener ensur worker properli train equip safe properli maintain view appar adequ safeti control standard exist eec commiss hilti argument safeti object justif behaviour object present proceed subject safeti complain nail interest note eurofix worldwid unit sale nail hilti nail gun ten million bauco entrant hilti success limit expans sale amount million unit hilti show evid accid oper result million nail produc eurofix bauco health safeti execut uk record paf accid caus result consum manufactur nail gun produc nail maker report safeti abnorm reliabl problem claim product liabil insur addit complain independ nail maker eec sold million nail hilti nail gun abnorm safeti oper difficulti report independ hilti interest note manufactur nail gun reli independ manufactur suppli consum true usa phillip drill itt subsidiari eurofix contract suppli nail usa independ plai bigger role suppli consum appar unfavour effect safeti reliabl result situat final commiss understand hilti claim liabl crimin action object decis stop consum deem unsaf nail gun view exist nation safeti rule fact hilti warn user instruct manual deliv nail gun hilti consum commiss consid hilti consid liabl accid damag caus hilti consum nail gun claim liabil surpris view fact hilti step expect compani face problem claim danger unfit consum nail gun hilti recogn weak argument relat safeti consid justif suppli cartridg nail base safeti reason inevit accept commiss court justic temporari protect afford argument telex june hilti gb hilti ag conclus basi consider set commiss consid hilti infring articl eec treati materi time hilti occupi domin posit eec market nail gun hilti compat nail cartridg strip abus place centr uk constitut substanti part common market abus direct impact member state aim indirectli eec hilti abus domin posit princip effort limit prevent entri independ nail maker market attempt ensur patent cartridg freeli market wai ty sale nail sale cartridg strip reduc discount adopt discriminatori polici cartridg bought nail induc independ distributor fulfil order export refus fulfil complet order cartridg strip made establish custom dealer resel frustrat delai legitim licenc hilti patent refus object reason honour guarante oper select discriminatori polici direct busi competitor custom oper unilater secretli polici differenti discount support unsupport plant hire compani dealer uk carri limit extent abus commerci polici undertak commiss remedi fine articl regul infring articl sanction fine million ecu turnov undertak preced busi year whichev greater regard graviti durat infring present case commiss take view infring long last impos substanti fine hilti evid demonstr hilti abus domin posit import wai abus design effect prevent limit entri competitor market damag sever elimin exist competitor result hilti maintain reinforc domin posit effect exploit domin member state charg high differ price free normal competit gener disciplin impos market forc infring design advers affect structur competit fact commiss issu statement object led hilti undertak competitor irrevers remov market commiss consid infring commit neglig abus commit deliber evid commiss alleg abus start back hilti action direct eurofix hilti action direct bauco date bauco start sell abus last undertak hilti evid abus continu undertak subsequ discuss hilti commiss hilti modifi aspect behaviour hand commiss take account cooper receiv hilti temporari undertak offer hilti respons proceed interim measur fact hilti initi complianc programm submit commiss perman undertak date septemb base declar intent attempt meet object concern commiss undertak annex decis admiss hilti behaviour commiss consid abus repli statement object transmiss hilti commiss complaint termin infring articl regul commiss find infring articl requir undertak concern bring infring end justifi requir hilti termin infring question restrict impos hilti framework propos distribut system appli secretli unilater hilti analys separ case involv notifi distribut system order requir hilti bring end infring prejudic decis made notifi distribut system adopt decis articl action hilti ag pursu independ produc nail hilti nail gun cours conduct intend hinder entri penetr market hilti compat nail damag directli indirectli busi constitut abus domin posit mean articl eec treati essenti featur infring ty sale nail sale cartridg strip reduc discount adopt discriminatori polici cartridg strip bought nail induc independ distributor fulfil order export refus fulfil complet order cartridg strip made establish custom dealer resel frustrat delai legitim licenc hilti patent refus object reason honour guarante oper select discriminatori polici direct busi competitor custom oper unilater secretli polici differenti discount support unsupport plant hire compani dealer uk articl infring articl fine million ecu impos hilti ag fine paid account commiss european commun payment ecu lloyd bank plc manag payment section oversea centr po box paradis street uk birmingham ab account commiss european commun payment pound sterl lloyd bank plc oversea depart po box eastcheap uk london ec ab month date notif decis month interest automat payabl rate charg european monetari cooper fund ecu oper work dai month decis adopt percentag point payment made pound sterl exchang rate applic prevail dai preced payment articl hilti ag forthwith bring end infring refer articl extent end hilti ag refrain repeat continu act behaviour articl refrain adopt measur equival effect articl decis address hilti ag fl schaan fuerstentum liechtenstein hilti gb trafford wharf road trafford park uk manchest decis enforc pursuant articl eec treati brussel decemb commiss peter sutherland member commiss arrang reflect licenc hilti bauco eurofix claus found relat qualiti control safeti licenc reason precaut ensur product cartridg strip sold licenc hilti dx fasten tool safe suitabl tool word agre hilti eurofix comptrol patent decid order protect public interest justif provis ensur qualiti control cartridg strip eurofix protect hilti reput prevent faulti cartridg strip suppli gun annex case iv undertak hilti ag behalf wholli own subsidiari compani eec undertak good faith implement perman basi undertak august case interim basi eec directli indirectli tie suppli direct fasten cartridg magazin suppli direct fasten nail conequ aggreg purchas cartridg strip purchas product purpos calcul discount implement direct fasten product manner consist undertak contain subject except list discount polici base precis organ transpar quantiti discount schedul appli uniformli discrimin except refer meet competit offer ii contract individu negoti custom customarili special requir circumst refus deal hilti basi contract iii special promot properli call consequ implement discount polici type discount eschew includ fidel discount loyalti rebat object valid reason refus supli direct fasten product exist custom fulfil order limit quantiti direct fasten product suppli continu report commiss quarterli basi refus suppli direct fasten product indic reason refus waiv present futur licenc uk cartridg strip patent right uk copyright cartridg strip extent exist eec design right strip provid warranti cover direct fasten tool origin hilti consum hilti consum match qualiti implement competit law complianc programm specif hilti group line approv commiss nation panason case inform commiss step implement programm hilti ag undertak endeavour encourag independ distributor eec direct fasten product adopt undertak refer part polici hilti ag undertak continu implement undertak paragraph time found domin circumst chang longer domin event undertak inform commiss write ceas implement undertak behalf hilti ag date septemb