commiss decis march declar concentr incompat common market function eea agreement case comp volvo scania notifi document number english text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak amend regul ec articl thereof regard commiss decis octob initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss regard opinion advisori committe concentr septemb commiss receiv notif propos concentr pursuant articl council regul eec quot merger regul quot ab volvo quot volvo quot propos acquir control scania ab quot scania quot purchas share mean articl merger regul examin notif commiss conclud notifi oper fall scope merger regul rais doubt compat common market creat strengthen domin posit result effect competit significantli imped common market substanti part territori cover eea agreement octob commiss decid initi proceed pursuant articl merger regul decemb commiss adopt decis pursuant articl merger regul volvo scania fail repli period fix request inform relat competit posit market heavi truck buse ask suppli inform decemb parti suppli request inform decemb pursuant articl commiss regul ec march notif time limit hear provid council regul eec control concentr undertak time period refer articl merger regul suspend total dai parti volvo regist sweden sharehold compani volvo group volvo primarili activ manufactur sale truck buse construct equip marin industri engin aerospac compon volvo princip busi unit includ truck manufactur heavi truck weigh tonn medium heavi truck tonn rang relat servic financ buse manufactur buse bu chassi citi interc tourist purpos marin industri engin volvo penta corpor wholli own subsidiari volvo develop manufactur market drive system marin industri applic construct equip manufactur sale varieti construct equip aero develop product mainten militari aircraft primarili swedish air forc product compon scania swedish compani sharehold compani scania group activ manufactur sale heavi truck buse marin industri engin scania hold svenska volkswagen ab import market distribut passeng car light commerci vehicl sweden scania own swedish passeng car dealer din bil account svenska volkswagen deliveri march ford motor sign agreement acquir volvo automobil busi account volvo total turnov volvo decis sell automobil divis reflect volvo determin concentr truck buse engin busi volvo propos acquisit import volvo effort compet larg emerg market heavi truck buse asia central europ soviet republ south america result sale automobil busi volvo truck busi repres volvo turnov bu busi approxim marin industri engin sector approxim scania truck repres total sale revenu buse industri marin engin volvo explain rational propos concentr support volvo effort compet larg emerg market heavi truck buse asia central europ soviet republ south america volvo substanti invest requir advantag opportun region volvo abil expand emerg market state critic requir oper effici remain competit world lead truck bu manufactur daimlerchrysl larg north american engin produc ii oper concentr propos concentr involv acquisit volvo control stake scania august volvo reach agreement acquir investor ab share scania concurr volvo board director decid make public offer remain share scania agreement volvo investor ab receiv payment sole cash combin cash newli issu volvo share investor ab own seri share seri share scania investor ab receiv cash payment sek share hold remain investor ab receiv discret sek cash share newli issu share volvo proport volvo share scania share investor ab choos receiv sole cash payment state intent acquir volvo share market amount payment receiv volvo own seri share seri share scania acquisit investor ab share scania volvo seri share seri share scania correspond vote right share capit basi forego commiss conclud propos acquisit volvo acquir sole control scania constitut concentr mean articl merger regul iii commun dimens volvo scania combin aggreg worldwid turnov excess eur million volvo eur billion scania eur billion commun wide turnov excess eur million volvo eur billion scania eur billion achiev third aggreg commun wide turnov member state oper constitut cooper case efta surveil author articl eea agreement conjunct articl protocol agreement iv compat common market propos oper affect main area truck heavi truck buse citi buse interc buse tour coach investig confirm propos concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit field diesel engin industri marin market diesel engin discuss decis truck relev product market propos concentr creat europ largest produc heavi truck tonn notifi parti reli previou commiss decis case iv renault volvo identifi market segment truck gross vehicl weight light duti segment tonn medium duti segment tonn heavi duti segment tonn heavi duti truck versu medium duti light duti truck market investig carri commiss respect broadli confirm submiss notifi parti competitor custom distinct paragraph correct correspond industri standard addit number element suggest distinct technic configur truck tonnag lower tonn truck tonn upper rang kei compon type engin number axl technic aspect upper rang sophist requir durabl length life oper cost greater rang truck tonn vehicl transport consider weight type transport region long distanc addit market truck influenc technic differ great import buyer technic boundari product group correspond commerci distinct make differenti group custom upper rang truck consid custom interchang substitut truck belong intermedi lower rang categori truck constitut separ relev product market distinct appear reflect fact product line produc truck belong categori manufactur concentr product rang presenc weaker presenc rang volvo scania concern volvo presenc segment truck tonn scania product truck fall segment parti produc truck tonn parti activ respect truck tonn heavi duti truck tonn inform provid volvo notif propos transact specif concern market segment truck tonn heavi truck present assess focu segment market notif volvo gener model categori heavi truck long haul region local volvo chassi truck tonn essenti model differenti occur respect cab bodi configur specif applic cement mix citi deliveri long haul transport addit categori volvo note sweden finland longer truck metr higher maximum load capac tonn commonli special type truck allow member state notifi parti claim major truck manufactur posit easili modifi standard model specif applic longer truck sweden finland basi forego volvo conclud truck tonn belong relev product market result market investig extens market investig carri case shown realiti custom point view complex market investig reveal custom point view number criteria relev choic type heavi truck main distinct categori quot heavi duti truck quot drawn quot rigid truck quot hand quot tractor heavi truck quot rigid truck integr truck sens constitut singl bodi semi trailer detach quot tractor heavi truck quot hand quot detach quot sens semi trailer ad top back cabin basi transport person prefer custom choos tractor rigid truck matter fact geograph locat custom strongli influenc choic tractor type rigid type truck recit custom northern part europ typic purchas rigid heavi truck indic point view demand rigid tractor fulli substitut question left open materi eaffect assess notifi concentr basic distinct market investig reveal main criteria custom choos purchas heavi truck applic rigid tractor criterion relat engin power hp power engin import view weight transport topographi geograph area intend criterion number axl truck compos investig standard combin axl common combin europ combin consist higher number axl customis meet specif custom prefer turn partial link topographi weather consider criterion relat cabin truck low high high depend level comfort requir substanti number option chosen custom relat specif type transport involv gener heavi truck manufactur offer truck includ kei element decis custom point view manufactur point view decid offer price truck compar offer compet manufactur view specif custom requir specif nation regul applic custom posit sweden finland purchas longer truck metr higher maximum load capac tonn point view suppli major european truck manufactur posit offer complet rang type heavi truck offer specif truck european area repres supplementari cost manufactur cost compar attract market consider specif refer question product market definit consid cost relat switch form product type heavi truck se consid substanti consid type heavi truck constitut separ product market basi forego conclud categori heavi truck tonn consid singl relev product market purpos assess relev geograph market previou case commiss quot determin geograph market truck commun market compos nation market quot question essenti purpos specif case investig case focus northern europ nordic countri denmark finland norwai sweden ireland nation market definit oper lead domin posit part commun determin exact scope geograph market nordic countri ireland investig shown countri relev geograph market heavi truck nation scope reason reach conclus explain start point argument put forward volvo notif argument put forward notifi parti notif volvo reli commiss find renault iveco case decis commiss conclud relev market tour buse european econom area eea basic high level import export commiss recognis purchas tour buse privat oper price sensit regard consider brand loyalti nation manufactur notif volvo submit analysi appli tour coach equal applic heavi truck addit parti refer element claim conclus determin relev geograph market price level volvo quot price differ member state substanti except franc member state price level variat volvo heavi truck rang quot page notif manufactur activ eea wide import eea increas volvo quot largest heavi truck manufactur daimlerchrysl volvo scania man rvi iveco daf paccar account approxim european market present member state make substanti export sale volvo scania sale sweden account total turnov import repres sale heavi truck nordic countri manufactur continu maintain larg market share home countri larg histor phenomenon import continu increas quot page notif emerg larg privat tran border purchas volvo deregul truck industri led quot signific chang custom profil purchas habit result emerg larg multin fleet oper gpe lyonnais geodi montreuil franc netherland fleet number truck past volvo custom small medium size fleet owner major volvo custom larg owner fleet truck larg oper present member state competit bid tender purchas truck central locat advantag knowledg price competit condit member state negoti distributor quot page notif emerg dual sourc volvo argu trend larg multin custom contribut increas dual multipl sourc quot ensur independ singl manufactur negoti purchas fleet owner truck typic carri make fleet quot page notif product standardis volvo quot past weight length restrict present barrier develop ec wide truck model process harmonis began council direct eec recent includ council direct ec led situat basic truck term weight dimens sold europ quot page notif absenc entri barrier domest produc volvo quot past establish dealer aftersal network consid barrier entri longer prevent domest truck manufactur compet member state quot page notif repli commiss statement object pursuant articl merger regul hereinaft quot repli quot volvo submit commiss base assess relev geograph market price factor set volvo notif relev definit relev geograph market volvo submit decis factor defin relev geograph market supplier price discrimin market volvo submit report lexecon neven report view show price compar heavi truck band commun except sweden signific price differ member state repli volvo submit evid relat parallel trade heavi truck factor relat deregul downstream transport industri volvo view provid support content eea minu sweden market heavi truck argument assess commiss assess relev geograph market repli volvo submit number argument support content scope relev geograph market repli compani longer consid price factor notif definit geograph market factor nonetheless assess constitut element market definit assess main chang approach volvo believ primari focu assess supplier abil price discrimin market contrari assert repli evid commiss show volvo supplier heavi truck appli significantli price margin compar product member state relev price evid show condit competit heavi truck market differ member state consid paragraph price level differ significantli member state purchas heavi truck larg nation level number reason reflect fact signific price variat observ neighbour countri volvo argu notif repli price differ member state substanti conclud exist eea market heavi truck notif volvo consid insignific price differ shown inform page except franc member state price level variat volvo heavi truck rang inform relat commonli sold volvo model show exist nation price variat high notif volvo price model approxim higher finland denmark approxim higher sweden franc higher germani netherland higher germani denmark higher unit kingdom franc comparison made refer commonli sold model nordic countri volvo price approxim lower denmark sweden lower denmark germani lower denmark finland notif provid price indic norwai ireland proceed commiss collect list price commonli sold model heavi truck manufactur member state data larg confirm price variat show volvo price significantli lower ireland neighbour unit kingdom price commonli sold rigid tractor truck higher unit kingdom ireland whilst transact price differ list price differ support volvo content market nation mere fact price list differ significantli countri countri indic condit competit differ effect make price comparison difficult purchas heavi truck gener price figur provid competitor confirm substanti nation price differ direct volvo competitor higher price denmark germani contrari appear price higher germani consist tabl contain volvo notif prepar intern purpos prior transact actual dealer net price adjust specif averag price lower denmark germani volvo argu price comparison base figur provid notif meaning definit geograph market case reason price differ volvo view due variat equip suppli heavi truck custom structur purchas power countri repli volvo state price discrimin defin earn margin sale good consum repli volvo submit support argument report lexecon neven suggest except sweden price diverg member state limit methodolog studi compar sale volvo heavi truck model commonli sold model tractor commonli sold model rigid eu countri norwai start point comparison averag net price charg dealer countri report averag net price adjust specif adjust report conclud volvo price tractor model fall band countri sweden franc norwai rigid model report conclud adjust price fall band countri sweden denmark report attempt adjust custom mix claim lead reduct spread order closer examin commiss agre lexecon neven report constitut reliabl sourc evid support exist eea wide market heavi truck report reli averag net price charg dealer volvo investig question valid type data adjust data year question weight propos conclus report factor point nation market definit commiss examin data report data report base data provid volvo commiss made calcul truck type analys lexecon neven report take averag engin type report commiss made direct comparison price exact engin type countri methodolog report correct differ specif comparison commonli sold model model data provid frequent sold engin countri belgium finland franc netherland portug sweden unit kingdom adjust price higher unit kingdom franc higher belgium franc adjust price sweden higher denmark higher norwai higher finland adjust price finland higher norwai higher denmark larg differ adjust price methodolog suggest report support find eea wide geograph market region geograph market nordic region commiss examin correct custom mix made report note calcul base limit data franc countri volvo claim larg fleet present price high instanc netherland includ calcul bia result find narrow spread report favour hypothesi fleet discount high franc contradict report reput market research compani volvo date januari state quot analysi sampl unit kingdom show averag price specif truck type larg custom fleet own truck compar small fleet truck figur truck sale germani franc lower quot commiss view correct custom mix appli report shortcom case offer insight limit number countri instanc norwai ireland unit kingdom includ conclus lexecon neven report commiss accept exist price differ band disregard purpos market definit suggest hypothet monopolist area impos price increas case larg restrict form condit competit neighbour area importantli propos conclus report incompat sourc inform includ price comparison submit volvo notif price inform subsequ submit commiss investig includ nation price list transact price truck model show price variat import contain notif price comparison contain intern volvo document provid commiss request tabl call quot transact price comparison quot price truck deal specif truck model volvo scania daimlerchrysl clear volvo intern data price comparison made take detail specif account volvo tabl includ commonli sold model tractor show model sold price higher unit kingdom franc largest price differ volvo model higher price belgium franc tabl show select compar scania daimlerchrysl truck follow price pattern countri volvo model type evid nation price differ order notif order accept find lexecon neven report overlook shortcom identifi conclud price comparison provid volvo commiss price comparison intern volvo equal flaw volvo suggest repli definit relev geograph market base price discrimin defin heavi truck produc earn margin sale good consum countri interest note figur margin develop submit volvo proceed price discrimin place exampl volvo net profit margin commonli sold model rigid sweden versu denmark measur level gross profit margin sweden denmark commonli sold model rigid margin finland versu norwai measur level gross profit margin finland norwai inform provid volvo similar differ margin countri denmark ireland belgium commonli sold model tractor conclus volvo suggest repli main question definit relev geograph market price margin discrimin area volvo provid numer exampl indic uphold substanti price differ neighbour countri appli significantli margin conclud evid price margin incompat volvo content nordic countri sweden denmark finland norwai unit kingdom ireland regard separ geograph market market wider nation reason assum buyer heavi truck advantag exist price differ bui vehicl neighbour countri arbitrageur advantag opportun creat differ bui vehicl volvo countri margin lowest sell custom countri margin high reason absenc custom behaviour arbitrag paragraph context price evid includ notif volvo statement repli materi definit relev market custom prefer clear market investig truck manufactur posit suppli rang model heavi truck adapt specif regul exist member state repres supplementari cost constitut disincent penetr market custom requir model technic configur heavi truck sold member state present consider variat conclus substanti regard commonli sold truck model major truck manufactur member state observ major differ exist basic characterist heavi truck sold member state model manufactur compar differ significantli mark compar commonli sold model truck manufactur singl member state point refer tabl summaris detail volvo sell model countri percentag total sale volum repres model pictur larg regard truck manufactur gt tabl gt form tabl recit type basic characterist consid kei element heavi duti truck tend chang member state truck sold custom finland greec norwai sweden stronger prefer rigid truck custom countri time custom austria finland greec norwai requir larger power engin custom unit kingdom tend requir smaller engin similar differ prefer axl configur final cabin comfort level lesser import finland franc unit kingdom itali norwai portug sweden refer nordic countri evid basic specif requir vari substanti compar requir member state nordic countri danish custom prefer tractor type vehicl custom countri gener prefer rigid truck lower requir cabin comfort custom norwai finland requir engin higher horsepow sweden denmark addit differ basic characterist appear custom requir vari number option appli heavi truck model gearbox number cylind engin appear custom nordic countri norwai finland sweden gener purchas heavi truck rigid type integr engin higher power engin sold member state higher number axl purchas habit link topographi climat condit prevail countri specif regul applic term allow tonnag condit truck oper truck provid servic requir technic requir vari member state market investig reveal degre harmonis achiev european level council direct eec harmonis weight requir dimens intern traffic union number technic requir heavi truck vari countri countri conclus valid unit kingdom ireland nordic countri unit kingdom ireland concern fact vehicl adapt hand drive sever restrict possibl import vehicl intend continent europ commiss attent drawn fact specif vehicl model ireland unit kingdom scania volvo iveco oper heavier specif term run gear drivelin suspens tyre spring irish market ow advers road condit countri nordic countri note vehicl type approv complet harmonis technic regul heavi truck sector expect place year regul appli sweden finland concern permit total transport tonnag maximum length truck higher tonnag longer truck allow countri tonn metr rest europ gener volvo scania advantag truck tradition produc meet requir engin axl configur longer heavier vehicl sweden specif regulatori barrier entri swedish law specif homolog quot cab crash test quot requir competitor effect test commiss quot technic barrier enter swedish market mention swedish cab test effect stop competitor sell top rang model import model light line rang model homolog sale europ fact sold high quantiti cost pass test outweigh revenu deriv addit sale current network quot oral hear volvo admit cab crash test constitut barrier entri swedish produc heavi truck volvo estim daimlerchrysl germani addit dm custom swedish safeti cab purchas nation basi view specif truck market relat custom prefer technic requir price differ dealer support surpris market investig shown purchas heavi truck rare turn dealer establish countri oper purchas quot fleet custom quot intern transport activ oper locat countri appear market investig truck bought nation bui decis basi dealer support price countri fortiori true custom small medium size transport compani matter fact major heavi truck purchas nordic countri small medium size compani bui nation take advantag price differ view sale servic support risk reduc secondhand privat import truck type technic characterist prevail member state brought commiss attent dealer sale truck sourc futur incom servic spare part sale dealer typic significantli higher margin sale truck data submit volvo confirm major part dealer revenu servic sale spare part dealer sale truck specif custom gener sale incom inclin offer attract price custom custom import truck privat member state instanc danish truck custom wish bui germani find pai higher price local base custom brought commiss attent problem servic guarante involv import privat neighbour countri price differ bui truck neighbour countri profit custom bui number truck issu influenc truck custom fin attract import truck privat bui parallel import possibl partli fulli reimburs problem truck warranti period expir decis give reimburs typic made import incent give reimburs truck import offici import distribut servic network market investig reveal point account determin geograph dimens relev market market oper refer heavi truck market quot european market quot invari kei factor decis relat purchas truck sale network mainten ordinari extraordinari suppli spare part offer truck manufactur repli truck custom invari effect spread sale mainten servic essenti truck oper matter fact market investig made clear decis truck oper purchas type truck depend number variabl essenti purchas decis import element price sale servic secondhand warranti condit element reflect brand choic truck oper relat purchas brand truck heavili depend possibl specif truck manufactur offer effect sale assist connect desir heavi truck supplier sale servic network explain custom volvo term quot profession buyer quot advantag exist price differ reason arbitrageur find difficult convinc truck custom countri bui parallel import vehicl note warranti offer manufactur typic valid europ cover manufactur defect normal mainten servic vehicl cover warranti typic local basi servic contract dealer sold vehicl assess nordic countri situat european truck compani significantli smaller spread sale network exist altern network primarili intend cater partli intern heavi truck compani requir emerg repair servic europ partli servic car van market investig adapt competitor network level volvo scania order meet requir custom widespread oper nordic countri requir substanti invest compar econom attract market market investig competitor decis relat establish develop servic network link quot critic mass quot vehicl sold countri suggest order depend number factor link cost opportun offer market question nordic countri small market size addit cost relat technic requir state market share minimum justifi decis incur supplementari cost brought commiss attent small size nordic countri provid suffici incent penetr market case price increas purpos definit relev geograph market suffic note import distribut servic network main element restrict custom bui countri establish limit abil arbitrageur advantag exist price discrimin member state market share variat volvo content eea wide market heavi truck support fact sale area notif volvo market share eea market share significantli higher number individu member state sweden finland denmark norwai ireland belgium netherland portug greec time market share number countri significantli eea averag austria germani spain itali luxembourg tabl similar nation deviat averag eea market share observ scania heavi truck manufactur neighbour member state similar topographi denmark germani larg variat market share main manufactur form vagu refer histor reason volvo provid explan view differ market share member state compat content heavi truck market eea wide gt tabl gt sourc notif base offici registr figur conclus relev geograph market heavi truck sweden commiss consid sweden constitut separ relev geograph market heavi truck market investig shown purchas heavi truck nation basi distribut servic network constitut barrier import penetr manufactur develop local network appli man iveco market share heavi truck sweden nation purchas pattern confirm investig conduct swedish competit author show truck custom overwhelmingli tend purchas heavi truck nation level local price sweden neighbour countri instanc adjust price sweden commonli sold model higher denmark higher norwai higher finland thirdli volvo profit margin sweden nordic countri volvo net profit margin commonli sold model sweden versu denmark finland norwai fourthli technic specif sweden rest europ higher tonnag longer truck allow sweden swedish cab crash test identifi specif regulatori barrier entri meant truck model present sale sweden final rvi market share sweden neighbour finland quot nation quot brand rvi sisu reason condit competit market heavi truck sweden neighbour countri sweden constitut separ relev geograph market denmark commiss consid strong indic denmark constitut separ relev geograph market heavi truck market investig shown purchas heavi truck nation basi distribut servic network constitut barrier import penetr manufactur develop local network price denmark neighbour countri instanc adjust price commonli sold model higher sweden denmark dealer net price adjust specif commonli sold model notif averag price lower denmark germani thirdli volvo profit margin denmark neighbour countri volvo net profit margin commonli sold model denmark versu sweden finland norwai fourthli sold volvo heavi truck model denmark specif prefer model nordic countri final fact volvo market share denmark germani scania denmark germani daimlerchrysl germani denmark man germani denmark confirm denmark germani belong relev geograph market reason constitut strong indic condit competit market heavi truck denmark neighbour countri denmark constitut separ relev geograph market shown denmark consid separ geograph market oper lead creation domin posit market fact explain notifi transact event incompat common market creat domin posit danish heavi truck market question settl context present proceed norwai commiss consid norwai constitut separ relev geograph market heavi truck market investig shown purchas heavi truck nation basi distribut servic network constitut barrier import penetr manufactur develop local network price norwai neighbour countri instanc adjust price commonli sold model higher sweden norwai higher finland norwai thirdli volvo profit margin norwai nordic countri volvo net profit margin commonli sold model norwai versu sweden denmark finland fourthli sold volvo heavi truck model norwai specif prefer model denmark final market share differ norwai sweden man norwai sweden volvo scania norwai sweden rvi market share norwai finland quot nation quot brand rvi sisu denmark daimlerchrysl norwai reason condit competit market heavi truck norwai neighbour countri norwai constitut separ relev geograph market finland commiss consid finland constitut separ relev geograph market heavi truck market investig shown purchas heavi truck nation basi distribut servic network constitut barrier import penetr manufactur develop local network price finland neighbour countri adjust price commonli sold model higher finland norwai higher sweden finland thirdli volvo profit margin finland nordic countri volvo net profit margin commonli sold model finland versu sweden denmark norwai fourthli higher tonnag longer truck allow finland rest europ sweden final quot nation quot brand rvi sisu market share finland share sweden norwai denmark reason condit competit market heavi truck finland neighbour countri finland constitut separ relev geograph market ireland commiss consid ireland constitut separ relev geograph market heavi truck market investig shown purchas heavi truck nation basi distribut servic network constitut barrier import penetr manufactur develop local network list price data provid volvo sold rigid tractor truck consider lower unit kingdom ireland thirdli technic requir ireland member state hand drive sever restrict possibl import vehicl intend continent europ specif vehicl model heavier ireland unit kingdom due advers road condit ireland final market share main manufactur ireland differ significantli rest europ differ unit kingdom pronounc combin market share volvo scania ireland unit kingdom reason condit competit market heavi truck ireland form neighbour countri ireland constitut separ relev geograph market assess articl merger regul requir assess propos concentr view establish compat common market kei question make assess propos oper lead creation strengthen domin posit kei paramet involv assess relat market posit undertak concern econom financi power econom viewpoint effect merger market condit measur number wai tradition market power merg parti measur proxi criteria market share merg parti relev market remain competitor analysi supplement assess purchas power custom likelihood entri commiss conduct type analysi case conclus propos concentr incompat common market commiss request econometr studi professor ivaldi verboven order attempt measur directli effect merger price charg heavi truck produc nation market result econometr studi valuabl supplement commiss tradition measur market power case custom base product fragment reach satisfi segment custom survei base method difficult thousand truck owner countri truck studi case studi base quot nest logit model quot paramet relat price decis firm bui decis custom estim price market share variabl case model appli data year type truck major truck manufactur member state norwai result estim simul effect merger price combin entiti quot volvo quot competitor result studi point competit problem nordic countri ireland present decis find merger lead creation domin posit commiss recognis type studi develop european merger control repli volvo contest valid studi claim analysi flaw result reli professor ivaldi verboven provid answer critic volvo contest fundament element studi novelti approach level disagr commiss base assess result studi current structur european heavi truck market tabl report european rank produc heavi duti truck provid volvo notif daimlerchrysl european leader eea market scania rank volvo produc man daf paccar rvi iveco eea level market share implement propos oper european heavi truck market characteris presenc produc strongest produc europ view worldwid market presenc daimlerchrysl volvo scania addit regard respect market posit eea manufactur appear daimlerchrysl volvo scania signific presenc europ manufactur tend geograph specialis daimlerchrysl volvo scania stronger quot home quot quot natur quot market compani repres europ daimlerchrysl market share rang northern europ nordic countri ireland form rest europ volvo scania profil similar posit strong northern europ nordic countri ireland equal distribut rest europ market share rang form germani netherland european truck manufactur strong posit quot home quot quot natur quot market rvi franc iveco itali daf paccar netherland man germani austria weak virtual present area europ propos transact volvo scania appear closest competitor pursu similar market strategi volvo scania swedish make gener perceiv express qualiti product offer global reliabl servic examin volvo scania respect market share show essenti parallel posit europ figur gt tabl gt figur relat exist variat market share observ respect previou year impress signific extent symmetri market posit compani consist observ parti scania volvo direct competitor addit examin situat nordic countri clear long period time averag market posit volvo scania remain stabl addit variat market share compani volvo correspond variat opposit direct scania sweden gt pic file quot en ep quot gt denmark gt pic file quot en ep quot gt finland gt pic file quot en ep quot gt norwai gt pic file quot en ep quot gt graph show volvo scania similar market posit indic fact closest substitut addit sale presenc truck produc area measur number sale servic point area figur provid volvo heavi truck dealer total turnov servic sale spare part remain sale vehicl tabl total number sale servic point relev market main heavi truck supplier note dealer sale point tabl intend give idea capillar manufactur network total number sale point tabl indic merg entiti advantag compet supplier relev market volvo scania sale servic point larg dedic heavi truck competitor sale servic point medium light truck car van heavi truck whilst servic point intend servic medium truck servic heavi truck note investig medium truck larg urban area competitor heavi truck servic point countri purchas heavi truck persuad bui truck competitor presenc main citi heavi truck market tabl overst extent qualiti network volvo competitor gt tabl gt structur market member state level current structur effect propos oper repli volvo make gener comment analysi competit effect merger individu member state argu custom displai undu level concern propos concentr argu price discrimin larg small custom heavi truck market commiss consid gener remark carefulli conclus conclus support fact prior analys result individu member state reason conclus set custom concern assess volvo argument custom concern mind truck industri extrem fragment custom structur give illustr volvo figur owner heavi truck sweden oper fleet truck situat larg similar member state bu market tourist coach market fragment demand structur unreason expect major custom posit provid sophist legal analysi propos merger mean volvo suggest custom unknown reason particip activ proceed unconcern respons competit author carefulli effect merger market strong commiss accept volvo view question signific concern exist market answer refer respons limit sampl largest buyer countri approach rais question repres view buyer effect merger smaller custom evid form volvo document price discrimin take place market basi limit sampl commiss find strong concern countri context stress relev question claim volvo number quot complaint quot submit qualit analysi made answer provid context clear competit author strong ground concern case insignific proport largest custom inter alia parti domin scania altern volvo brand unabl fulfil technic requir insuffici servic network accept price increas admit number custom express concern propos concentr commiss unabl accept volvo argument concern exist argument appli survei conduct gfk behalf volvo repli hereinaft refer quot gfk survei quot survei conduct telephon sampl quot larg quot custom nordic countri unit kingdom ireland belgium portug nordic countri addit survei made quot small quot custom commiss agre volvo content gfk survei demonstr absenc concern reason twofold form methodolog viewpoint number question question formul respond ware ask react volvo scania rais price merger methodolog question mark inevit reduc evidenti attribut gfk survei assum methodolog question mark answer satisfactorili difficult follow volvo argument gfk survei demonstr propos merger lead competit concern question ask survei respond switch supplier respons price increas volvo scania result survei show respond switch half respond survei volvo adopt strategi impos board price increas inform provid volvo show appli strategi individu price transact larg price differ appli custom strong evid volvo price discrimin small larg custom worthi note survei show respond common answer compani switch volvo scania appear state likelihood switch respons price increas respond allow assum pre merger abil switch volvo scania vice versa unchang implement propos merger low proport custom switch respons price increas lower instruct assum post merger abil switch form volvo scania vice versa decid volvo market strategi brand price discrimin repli volvo argu extrem difficult engag success price discrimin heavi truck market risk lose sale custom prepar pai higher price outweigh potenti gain form behaviour addit oral hear volvo present result analysi sale swedish danish custom made adjust specif vehicl fleet size analysi conclud price differenti small lower price larg custom defin bui truck constitut signific price discrimin note analysi volvo sale swedish danish custom refer margin sale custom group recal section relev geograph market volvo submit price discrimin defin earn margin sale product consum note volvo content absenc price discrimin sharp contrast intern document suppli commiss proceed commiss request volvo submit inform indic price profit margin sale small medium larg buyer commonli sold model truck engin size commonli sold engin size inform show small custom pai price higher larg custom higher medium size custom significantli appar volvo profit margin sale model small custom profit margin sale larg medium size custom modest price differ differ small medium size custom translat differ profit margin achiev time profit margin achiev small custom time high achiev larg custom margin sale medium size custom time achiev larg custom view forego conclud pre exist intern volvo document constitut strong indic compani price discrimin sale custom group evid preced abovement argument develop purpos repli oral hear assess member state level promin market posit volvo scania nordic countri ireland assess separ sweden current structur market market share current structur swedish market heavi truck repres summaris tabl gt tabl gt tabl recit show volvo scania signific competitor swedish market volvo scania market posit time higher competitor daimlerchrysl manufactur present swedish market total insignific presenc addit substanti graph shown recit volvo scania direct competit shown fact market share variat compani close correl opposit market share variat brand volvo scania swedish high brand strength respect brand li percept high qualiti product effect spread sale network support document submit volvo parti present hand vehicl part brand imag element make brand quot brand quot nordic countri sweden market investig demand heavi truck market inelast sens purchas price element determin choic type heavi truck reason purchas heavi truck typic regard life cost vehicl mean regard initi purchas price financ sale network warranti secondhand includ quot trade quot truck demonstr market share volvo scania offer suffici good packag includ good balanc element confirm fact price inform possess commiss show parti price heavi truck sweden invari higher compar model price appli potenti competitor proof typic truck purchas sweden regard initi price paid purchas heavi truck number element qualiti product sale network secondhand offset higher price paid initi purchas view volvo scania time built loyalti nordic countri sweden vi vi respect brand market brand loyalti mean market particip volvo scania long period provid high qualiti product good servic custom high secondhand reput make custom inclin continu bui brand loyalti express level level final purchas truck oper level dealer brand loyalti servic network market investig provid indic heavi truck market spread effect sale network crucial truck manufactur penetr market volvo scania extens dealer sale network sweden exclus strength network repres densiti technic capabl dealer servic point serv truck oper contact exist dealer servic point truck oper element translat number year relationship trust dealer servic point truck oper relationship trust part reput brand accumul signific reflect fact substanti proport price volvo offer pai scania relat goodwil investig shown dealer servic point sweden tend loyal volvo scania show resist chang supplier ow larg instal base volvo scania vehicl compani posit ensur secur return invest dealer servic point brand loyalti final custom market investig provid indic final purchas heavi truck tend loyal nation brand volvo scania case essenti reason mention manufactur posit offer custom packag term life cost addit northern europ nordic countri concern volvo scania perceiv provid product satisfi custom specif transport context factor suitabl climat road condit satisfi technic requir includ nation legisl mention underlin factor elabor vast major swedish truck purchas claim volvo fleet custom larg number truck oper truck type custom typic sensit brand loyalti consider custom larg number truck fleet repli volvo disput conclus road climat condit nordic countri amount substanti barrier entri support view volvo refer specialis truck magazin unit kingdom chose man truck vehicl ahead volvo scania test truck manufactur arctic condit notic test organis scandinavian magazin volvo submit assess made magazin particip test note custom purchas behaviour prefer base perceiv qualiti product effect propos oper swedish heavi truck market market share market structur propos acquisit scania volvo result volvo combin market share sweden equal market figur competitor volvo daimerchrysl market share european truck manufactur virtual absent market daf paccar rvi iveco man sale propos oper result signific overlap parti activ propos concentr significantli increas gap market share held volvo closest competitor nordic countri sweden prior concentr closest remain competitor sweden daimlerchrysl market share time smaller market leader implement concentr competitor market share time smaller entiti inform provid volvo corrobor graph recit commiss investig support find prior propos concentr volvo scania main competitor result propos concentr competit lost advantag volvo hold remain competitor increas significantli situat aggrav fact strong market posit parti concentr recent phenomenon result strong market share variat truck manufactur exercis signific competit pressur parti evalu respect market share parti sweden illustr graph recit show respect market posit volvo scania remain stabl long period time year market investig corrobor view dealer custom loyalti volvo posit act market heavi truck market sweden benefit specif strength place benefit tradit dealer custom loyalti market investig explain competitor volvo scania face signific difficulti find effici reliabl dealer servic point area essenti dealer servic point tradition link nation supplier offer highest volum busi return dealer invest custom structur custom structur heavi truck purchas sweden entiti posit profit loyalti posit rais price addit volvo major custom heavi truck sweden repres volvo total sale countri situat similar scania proport sale largest custom merg entiti lower corrobor volvo estim page submiss date novemb sale specif model heavi truck commonli sold model sweden inform show truck sold sweden sold singl unit sale volvo proxi fleet size addit tabl provid volvo fax decemb total swedish fleet popul heavi truck own person compani own truck total swedish heavi truck fleet own person compani truck fleet mean larg major swedish heavi truck popul own small oper sourc total swedish heavi truck owner fleet consist truck truck custom structur dual sourc volvo argu truck custom nordic countri sophist profession buyer polici dual sourc volvo custom pursu polici doubl sourc multi sourc order depend singl truck manufactur inform provid volvo tabl mention recit amp gt truck mix fleet sweden amp gt volvo truck mean swedish heavi truck mix fleet half volvo note volvo definit mix fleet includ proport mix fleet volvo scania mix fleet definit doubt base definit heavi truck durabl good preval mix fleet signific insight futur devolp market reaction custom polici dual sourc hand total owner heavi truck sweden amp lt mix fleet mean swedish heavi truck owner brand fleet circumst argument relat dual sourc overst addit market investig reveal concern smaller truck oper strong econom interest concentr fleet brand due possibl type strategi offer term reduc cost mainten train personnel primarili driver custom structur shrinkag effect merger horizont overlap industri market dual sourc merg parti present calcul loss market share result custom switch supplier calcul motiv part fact manag cautiou vi vi sharehold calcul worst case scenario actual predict commiss evalu carefulli assumpt calcul likelihood loss materialis evalu result find merger safe predict lead market share loss significantli chang competit situat loss account competit assess case volvo reason set suffici substanti claim merg entiti suffer loss sale support chang competit situat relev market volvo propos oper inevit result shrinkag effect current volvo scania heavi truck custom switch make support view volvo provid commiss final result studi carri jp morgan behalf volvo result propos oper result loss custom percentag market share sweden finland denmark norwai content note volvo sourc evalu likelihood post merger reduct market share financi report prepar stock market analyst purpos assess propos concentr approach report degre caution obviou report produc evalu propos concentr effect competit aim report evalu share compani involv concentr approv fact analyst overli cautiou optimist present order fit long short term recommand make exclud submiss octob volvo state quot valuat acquisit overli optimist total gain exagger loss underestim volvo suffer serou neg consequ form capit market sell volvo share reduc total capit compani quot analyst present recommend follow specif systemat approach impos merger regul relev market assess separ thirdli volvo made financi report refer base inform provid volvo volvo number analyst jp morgan express view combin market share loss number confirm view jp morgan note predict made moment announc oper event date notif commiss exclud earli report base materi provid jp morgan volvo market share loss mention report estim proper sens word scenario quantifi downsid risk share price volvo acquisit repli volvo reli estim market share loss high refer volvo shrinkag effect instanc volvo report handelsbanken market project long term volvo scania market share sweden impli market share loss equival entir market share addit volvo den dansk bank august enskilda secur august estim long term market share loss figur high refer volvo call shrinkag effect recent predict shrinkag effect made analyst salomon smith barnei london octob alfr berg abn amro octob made consid predict earli report report conserv loss market share express earlier analyst alfr berg research abn amro report octob quot short term doubt eu clearanc scania deal synergi hold back stock convinc volvo good chanc deliv synergi defend market share quot quot base research talk custom market share risk western europ limit fear quot alfr berg scenario market share loss western europ global loss view weak order assess likelihood propos quot shrinkag effect quot commiss contact number import custom assess impact propos concentr futur purchas decis addit swedish competit author commiss behalf made similar enquiri smaller custom sweden investig volvo consist announc market commun intend volvo scania organis brand separ success strategi import number heavi truck custom refer fact unit remain separ propos concentr necessarili import impact futur purchas decis order evalu impact volvo decis brand market organis separ alfr berg report comparison previou merger similar decis oper consid iveco pegaso freightlin ford sterl cite past case volvo reli experi freightlin case order assess likelihood loss market share iveco pegaso iveco acquir pegaso combin market share fallen year report quot kei differ present oper strength brand compar volvo scania merg weak brand pegaso iveco necessarili creat strong player quot comparison appear inappropri freightlin ford sterl alfr berg report quot freightlin announc acquisit ford heavi truck oper januari ford market share declin trend year ford product drop sterl product introduc year market share fell start recov year sterl product reach market ah limit compar volvo scania volvo scania name strong brand drop quot final worth mention commiss conclus reach inter alia light market investig custom substanti research carri context econometr studi alfr berg quot decis factor parallel brand strategi success custom interview number largest european haulier initi thought propos merger judg interview purchas manag small medium larg fleet haulier suggest market share drop drastic short medium term organis maintain separ channel manag intact quot main factor relev conclus separ distribut channel credibl offer quot haulier opinion long dealer network separ continu view volvo scania separ offer truck tender quot servic network reduc short term risk quot import servic network reduc risk massiv fall combin market share short term competitor network nordic countri weak quot signific push competitor quot competitor natur aim move posit forward expens volvo scania haulier talk point notic increas market activ competitor quot repli volvo claim result gfk survei support volvo analysi shrinkag effect instanc repli state sweden top custom volvo scania switch competitor respons merger quot event quot figur small custom survei reason custom elimin volvo scania complet fleet larg custom introduc supplier correspond market share loss larg custom instanc custom switch competitor substitut half volvo scania truck previous fleet market share loss larg custom similarli small custom market share loss illustr gfk survei shrinkag effect sweden realist take consider rel number small larg custom similar calcul made nordic countri unit kingdom type survei made conclus gfk survei support volvo claim shrinkag effect sweden norwai tot denmark finland volvo claim evid merced benz kässbohrer merger support volvo calcul larg shrinkag effect nordic countri oral hear volvo present data show shrinkag effect year merced benz kässbohrer merger inter citi buse tour coach figur support volvo claim magnitud shrinkag effect heavi truck market nordic countri doubt effect materialis year cna defin quot quot volvo contend case evid shrinkag effect analys light specif circumst market question context note merced benz kässbohrer merger concern german market significantli larger potenti attract entrant nordic market merced benz kässbohrer merger remain independ german bu coach supplier man neoplan case nordic countri final volvo present repli figur call quot effect merger activ daf amp leyland uk impact heavi duti market share home market quot claim show post merger shrinkag daf acquisit leyland clear evolut market share long period time interpret relat shrinkag effect detail market situat time merger includ level dual sourc previou evolut market share analys conclus drawn volvo provid inform repli final surpris volvo chosen provid detail evolut market shar unit kingdom irish bu market acquir leyland buse time daf acquisit leyland truck divis detail inform relev shrinkag effect result oper volvo conclus volvo substanti claim larg market share loss effect merger shrinkag effect commiss consid smaller size claim volvo event volvo shown effect chang competit assess barrier entri absenc potenti competit appar forego sweden virtual competitor volvo scania except daimlerchrysl weak posit approxim market market structur broadli similar larg number year reason commiss consid truck manufactur exert competit pressur volvo sweden base assumpt oper volvo increas price small signific amount price increas suffici compani present limit presenc sweden significantli penetr market expand presenc market consider result market investig cab crash test section geograph market constitut signific barrier entri swedish market heavi truck strongli strong presenc servic network level essenti truck manufactur competit volvo scania addit advantag base spread servic network sweden notion network essenti transport compani truck brand purchas market investig difficulti establish geograph spread sale network main reason limit market entri domest produc small medium size truck oper high risk breakdown repair immedi result direct loss revenu oper replac vehicl dispos addit appear market investig number truck entrant exce number cost establish adapt servic network financi reward initi period establish suffici instal base achiev entrant run servic network loss establish suffici instal base signific entri cost reason essenti paramet entrant absolut attract market number truck expect sell reason period countri inform possess commiss term time entrant market year establish suffici larg network cost establish network sweden state approxim eur million calcul base hypothesi total network sweden dealer branch servic point constitut minimum target sweden cost incur entrant effect penetr market refer establish servic network bear mind achiev minimum market share nordic countri import invest includ train salesmen workshop technician eur demonstr demo vehicl demo driver eur quot seed vehicl quot trial import custom eur local advertis eur absolut term cost extrem high competitor state make properli amortis context econom size market question submit highli truck manufactur decid penetr nordic heavi truck market swedish market challeng posit volvo volvo argu potenti sourc competit daimlerchrysl compani virtual absent heavi truck market medium duti truck market sweden approxim market share volvo daimlerchrysl posit easili adapt network dedic medium duti truck order servic heavi duti truck argument note place fact daimlerchrysl posit gain signific market share long period time strong indic market penetr easili achiev compani enjoi strong posit medium duti truck consider enhanc regard high margin achiev volvo sale heavi truck sweden addit market investig reveal market penetr heavi truck market truck manufactur presenc medium duti segment easier penetr event involv cost constitut suffici deterr market expans inform collect market extend capabl light medium truck network requir year addit compani question bear cost equal cost eur cost compar total size market small nordic countri view time cost establish comprehens dealer servic network nordic countri smaller competitor countri short medium term match current establish scania compens loss actual competit result propos concentr conclus signific barrier entri expans exist nordic market heavi truck strengthen fact countri larg spars popul area nordic market prime target futur invest daimlerchrysl supplier made limit inroad nordic market concentr dens popul area competitor focu invest eastern europ market growth prospect volvo intend presum sophist custom increas purchas altern supplier necessarili find altern supplier provid type servic scania provid competit volvo prior concentr conclus basi forego conclud highli actual potenti competit purchas power custom suffici restrict volvo exercis increas market power result acquisit signific competitor result market share addit volvo margin sweden volvo chosen vehicl model high absolut term rel term compar margin obtain member state nordic area consid propos oper result creation domin posit sweden denmark current structur market market share current structur danish market heavi truck repres summaris tabl gt tabl gt tabl recit show volvo scania enjoi promin market posit denmark truck manufactur repres denmark nordic countri presenc remain limit analysi market share truck manufactur year show respect market presenc relev truck manufactur larg remain stabl time note sweden fact true nordic countri graph provid volvo relat evolut market share volvo scania long term period year show direct correl respect market posit compani strong indic volvo scania closest competitor long time factual element relat import brand brand loyalti analys regard sweden appli denmark distinguish featur danish market similar share continent countri geograph locat custom prefer tractor type heavi truck higher proport fleet custom extent consequ element denmark appear higher proport intern traffic nordic countri volvo price data show price denmark significantli lower neighbour germani mean potenti danish custom resort import germani limit price increas implement propos concentr stress number fleet custom denmark limit compar member state netherland franc lesser extent unit kingdom stress market investig reveal type custom appear sensit volvo announc intent brand market organis separ impli larger custom heavi truck nordic countri volvo scania brand quot brand quot closest competitor custom decis brand separ detriment competit note danish fleet custom fact truck oper rental compani activ rent singl truck number truck gener small truck oper type custom fact depend demand heavi truck concern requir final custom gener small oper sensit brand consider market investig submit market merced truck rebat price prove difficult volvo provid inform relat percentag type truck model commonli sold model sold singl unit sale member state inform show half sale made singl unit sale signific proport danish market repres sale small oper effect propos oper danish heavi truck market market share market structur propos acquisit scania volvo result volvo combin market share approxim danish heavi truck market competitor daimlerchrysl market share man rvi iveco daf paccar implement propos oper gap largest remain competitor increas ratio propos oper result main competitor danish market join forc relat sweden propos oper result elimin volvo closest competitor danish heavi truck market brand loyalti denmark volvo scania enjoi reput strong brand ensur truck custom packag term life cost dealer larg instal base dealer chanc make good return invest argument put forward decis effect propos oper sweden larg applic denmark sweden denmark volvo specif strength relat reput brand suitabl truck secondhand servic network argument alleg shrinkag effect result implement propos oper appli danish market price discrimin mention vast major swedish demand heavi truck compos small small truck oper volvo suggest compar larger part danish market compos quot fleet custom quot custom sensit consider link sole brand loyalti posit negoti favour condit vi vi number truck manufactur appear notif volvo major custom heavi truck denmark repres volvo total sale heavi truck countri import largest buyer proport merg entiti sale decreas danish truck custom strong posit vi vi volvo potenti impact fleet owner merg entiti behaviour exagger addit indic categori custom includ rental compani volvo posit rais price restrict truck manufactur strength volvo term inter alia product suitabl secondhand aftersal servic state volvo decis retain dual brand polici appear intend effect custom assum volvo posit rais price vi vi largest custom evid price discrimin smaller custom larger custom rais price smaller custom switch truck manufactur appli favour condit larger custom matter fact market investig made clear rang discount grant truck manufactur custom vari enorm depend specif size custom order stake barrier entri potenti competit argument set barrier entri entri expans market truck manufactur true denmark bigger market nordic countri remain absolut term small market compar larger member state specif cost incur truck manufactur penetr market market investig reveal cost amount eur million establish network eur connect expens train demo vehicl quot seed vehicl quot local advertis adapt exist network requir sum absolut term cost extrem high competitor state make properli amortis cost light econom size market question conclus basi forego conclud highli actual potenti competit purchas power custom suffici restrict volvo exercis increas market power result acquisit signific competitor result market share consid danish heavi truck market consid constitut separ geograph market propos oper result creation domin posit denmark norwai current structur market market share current structur norwegian market heavi truck repres summaris tabl gt tabl gt tabl recit show volvo scania enjoi strong market posit norwai competitor volvo scania norwai man market share enjoi individu volvo scania man truck manufactur market share case analysi market share truck manufactur year show respect market presenc relev truck manufactur larg remain stabl time note sweden denmark fact true nordic countri graph provid volvo relat evolut market share long term period year show direct correl respect market posit compani strong indic volvo scania closest competitor long time factual element relat extrem import brand brand loyalti analys regard sweden denmark appli norwai effect propos oper norwegian heavi truck market market share market structur propos acquisit scania volvo result volvo combin market share approxim volvo scania norwegian heavi truck market competitor man market share daimlerchrysl rvi iveco daf paccar implement propos oper gap largest remain competitor increas ratio propos oper result main competitor norwegian market join forc except man competitor market share note sweden denmark propos oper result elimin closest competitor norwegian heavi truck market brand loyalti norwai volvo scania enjoi reput strong brand ensur truck custom packag term life cost dealer larg instal base dealer chanc make good return invest argument put forward decis effect propos oper sweden equal applic norwai case sweden norwai volvo specif strength compar truck manufactur regard reput brand suitabl truck secondhand servic network argument alleg shrinkag effect result implement propos appli norwegian market brought commiss attent truck sold norwai meet specif technic requir specif condit due inter alia temperatur ic snow topographi context import note volvo scania experi reput sell truck reliabl manner satisfi final custom condit final notif price volvo commonli sold model norwai substanti higher countri figur compani manag price product norwai higher level appli sweden denmark price discrimin volvo suggest compar larger part norwegian market compos fleet custom proport custom norwai lower denmark potenti impact behaviour larg custom norwai regard insignific assum volvo posit rais price limit number norwegian fleet custom price discrimin smaller custom larger custom rais price smaller custom switch truck manufactur appli favour condit larger custom matter fact market investig made clear rang discount grant truck manufactur custom vari enorm depend specif size custom order stake barrier entri potenti competit argument set barrier entri entri expans market truck manufactur true norwai smaller market sweden small market compar larger member state specif cost incur truck manufactur penetr market market investig reveal cost amount eur million establish network eur connect expens train demo vehicl quot seed vehicl quot local advertis adapt exist network requir sum absolut term cost extrem high competitor state make properli amortis cost light econom size market question conclus basi forego commiss conclud highli actual potenti competit purchas power custom suffici restrict volvo exercis increas market power result acquisit signific competitor result market share commiss consid propos oper result creation domin posit norwai finland current structur market market share current structur finnish market heavi truck repres summaris tabl gt tabl gt tabl recit show present volvo scania lead competitor finnish market heavi truck volvo scania market share approxim closest competitor renault extens cooper finnish compani sisu appear sisu truck sold finland assembl compon produc renault reason appear assess combin activ renault sisu daimlerchrysl clear market leader market heavi truck eea market share volvo scania finland iveco man daf paccard present finnish market heavi truck limit extent shown graph recit volvo scania retain high stabl market share year period graph direct competit true year period graph show strong neg correl make sens increas market share compani correspond loss market share note distinct neg correl volvo scania period sisu lost singnific market share brand volvo scania perceiv high brand adapt nordic weather road condit strength respect brand base high qualiti truck manufactur effect spread aftersal network finland high secondhand vehicl element make brand favour brand finland market investig confirm inelast demand heavi truck market purchas heavi truck typic regard life cost vehicl includ initi purchas price aftersal network warranti secondhand price element determin choic heavi truck finland volvo scania extent renault sisu offer packag includ good balanc element repli volvo sisu late market share close half lost year price inform possess commiss show parti price heavi truck finland consist higher compar model price appli potenti competitor conclud initi price paid purchas heavi truck presenc number element aftersal network secondhand offset higher price paid initi purchas plai import role purchas decis volvo scania build time loyalti vi vi respect brand finland explain loyalti express level level dealer level final purchas truck oper brand loyalti servic network market investig provid indic heavi truck market spread effect aftersal network crucial truck manufactur penetr market volvo scania extens aftersal network finland strength servic network repres densiti technic capabl dealer servic point serv truck oper contact exist dealer servic point truck oper market investig level truck popul order ensur dealer servic point adequ return invest basi instal base vehicl finland volvo scania posit attract dealer servic point turn advantag term spread effect aftersal network finland number year good contact dealer servic point truck oper turn relationship trust dealer servic point truck oper relationship trust part reput brand brand loyalti final custom market investig provid indic finland final purchas heavi truck tend loyal volvo scania brand volvo scania manufactur possibl addit renault sisu significantli smaller decreas market share posit offer custom finland packag term life cost truck truck custom contract volvo scania gener regard manufactur provid truck purchas truck suitabl climat condit finland satisfi technic requir includ nation legisl inform obtain finnish truck associ member repartit number truck own truck compani follow gt tabl gt figur recit includ light medium heavi heavi truck figur vast major finnish truck compani oper truck compar data result market investig suggest repartit heavi truck consider gener small custom sensit brand loyalti consider discuss custom larg number truck fleet effect propos oper finnish heavi truck market market share propos acquisit volvo scania result volvo combin market share finland equal market figur competitor entiti renault sisu current market share note renault involv sisu signific impact compani market posit volvo figur sisu lost signific part sale competitor daimlerchrysl market share european truck manufactur continu consider smaller share market iveco man daf paccar amp lt propos oper result signific overlap parti activ finland propos concentr significantli increas market share gap volvo closest competitor prior concentr closest remain competitor renault sisu market share approxim half market leader implement concentr renault sisu market share time smaller entiti similarli prior concentr daimlerchrysl european market leader heavi truck hold market share market leader finland propos acquisit market share time smaller volvo inform provid volvo corrobor graph recit commiss investig support find prior propos concentr volvo scania main competitor propos concentr result loss competit advantag volvo remain competitor increas significantli finland final situat aggrav fact sweden strong market posit volvo scania finland recent phenomenon result strong variat market share truck manufactur maintain consider competit pressur parti evalu respect market share parti finland illustr graph recit respect market posit volvo scania remain stabl long period time confirm market investig dealer custom loyalti volvo posit oper heavi truck market finland basi volvo scania combin specif strength continu benefit tradit dealer custom loyalti brand market investig shown competitor volvo scania face signific difficulti establish suffici dens network dealer servic point finland compar volvo scania essenti network necessarili reli suffici return invest base suffici larg popul truck circul finland custom structur market structur demand side larg number small truck compani finland entiti posit profit custom loyalti brand posit rais price basi inform provid volvo notif appear volvo largest eea custom fleet size activ finland addit volvo major custom heavi truck finland repres volvo total sale countri scania sale major custom total sale finland supplementari inform provid volvo request commiss conclus corrobor element volvo estim page submiss date novemb sale specif model heavi truck commonli sold model finland show total number truck sold finland sold singl unit sale multi unit sale custom structur dual sourc volvo maintain truck custom nordic countri sophist profession buyer polici dual sourc volvo custom pursu polici doubl sourc multi sourc order depend singl truck manufactur finnish truck custom submit brand volvo scania truck fleet order exert competit pressur brand smaller truck oper recit repres vast major finnish truck compani strong interest limit fleet make advantag relat strategi lower cost mainten train personnel relat sweden equal applic finland custom structur shrinkag effect finland volvo propos oper inevit result shrinkag effect current volvo scania heavi truck custom switch make propos oper volvo view result loss custom percentag market share finland commiss reason place faith volvo theori present section sweden barrier entri absenc potenti competit conclud forego volvo scania main competitor finnish heavi truck market renault sisu daimlerchrysl weaker posit approxim market market structur remain constant respect decad view commiss truck manufactur exert signific competit pressur volvo finland conclus base reason base assumpt oper volvo increas price heavi truck small signific amount price increas suffici enabl compani present limit presenc finland suffici penetr market expand presenc state market investig cost establish adapt servic network financi reward number truck entrant exce level establish network year requir consider invest manufactur carri calcul essenti paramet entrant absolut attract market number truck sold countri adapt servic network compris train salesmen workshop technician demo vehicl demo driver quot seed vehicl quot local advertis result market investig strong presenc servic network level essenti truck manufactur competit volvo scania establish spread servic network finland extent servic network essenti factor truck compani truck brand purchas market investig difficulti instanc daimlerchrysl establish compar geograph spread aftersal network volvo scania heavi truck finland indic limit presenc daimlerchrysl european truck manufactur finland manufactur inabl repair truck immedi small oper result direct loss revenu regard limit size finnish market time cost establish comprehens dealer servic network weaker posit competitor volvo scania finland appear propos concentr manufactur includ daimlerchrysl posit significantli extend servic network regard entrant effici penetr heavi truck market finland smaller competitor short medium term match current posit scania finnish market compens loss actual competit result propos concentr loss actual competit consid custom result signific deterior competit heavi truck market finland discuss section swedish heavi truck market nordic market includ finland prime target futur invest daimlerchrysl european manufactur presenc finland signific barrier entri small size market market eastern europ offer growth prospect manufactur daimlerchrysl sophist custom face difficulti find altern supplier provid type vehicl servic volvo scania provid prior concentr finland conclus basi forego commiss conclud highli actual potenti competit purchas power custom suffici restrict volvo exercis increas market power result acquisit signific competitor result market share reason commiss consid propos oper result creation domin posit finland ireland current structur market market share current structur irish market heavi truck repres summaris tabl gt tabl gt tabl recit show scania market leader ireland market share closest substanti competitor volvo market share truck manufactur enjoi weaker market posit except paccar daf market share approxim truck manufactur weak market share basi figur recit propos oper volvo scania repres irish heavi truck market main competitor countri effect propos oper irish heavi truck market market share market structur propos acquisit scania volvo result volvo combin market share approxim irish heavi truck market competitor daf paccar market share daimlerchrysl iveco man rvi implement propos oper volvo obtain market share ireland lead presumpt exist domin posit compound fact parti enjoi high stabl market share ireland year notif volvo market share market share scania period daf paccar daimler chrysler man increas market share remain except daf paccar rvi iveco lost market share year appear gain daf paccar daimlerchrysl man correspond loss market share rvi iveco propos oper result combin lead supplier market largest competitor smaller market share quarter volvo market share develop year high stabl combin market share volvo scania unaffect market share variat group smaller competitor brand loyalti exist evid propos concentr strongest brand combin forc volvo scania develop loyalti ireland year offer competit packag truck oper includ price truck excel term warranti aftersal servic respect market posit consolid market share volvo scania subject signific fluctuat year barrier entri potenti competit argument set barrier entri entri expans market truck manufactur nordic countri appli relat ireland ireland similar featur nordic market dispers custom structur largest volvo custom account total volvo sale largest scania custom account scania sale small market size market unattract invest fact irish market heavi truck extrem small annual volum approxim half danish heavi truck market event price increas heavi truck manufactur find attract target expans entri conclus reason commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit ireland conclus market heavi truck basi forego conclud propos concentr creat domin posit market heavi truck sweden norwai finland ireland strong indic case denmark question settl context current proceed ii buse coach relev product market propos oper produc major impact bu market oper creat largest european bu manufactur daimlerchrysl commiss examin bu coach market occas recent decis commiss conclud boundari main segment buse coach rigid categori bu separ product market categori citi buse interc buse tour coach gener buse typic design specif type travel servic citi buse design type travel peopl typic spend minut rate short time bu easi entri exit import tour coach hand design transport peopl long distanc peopl spend hour dai vehicl design tour coach emphasis comfort storag space eas entri exit requir type transport servic buse heterogen product broadli speak market extrem low floor citi buse wider door public transport servic urban area extrem luxuri doubl decker tour coach long distanc tourist travel larg number type bu exist type bu size demand divers bu oper demand bu design specif transport servic expect provid notif relev market defin bu market volvo note suppli side factor lead assess segment singl product market applic case volvo scania recent submit figur achiev respect eea sale sell chassi chassi type bu ii major european bu produc present segment larg occupi rel posit term sale share iii develop eea wide market citi interc buse significantli diminish earlier distinct citi interc buse hand coach iv boundari citi interc buse hand interc buse tour coach fluid notif notifi parti conclud true nordic countri larg citi exclus urban traffic oral hear volvo maintain posit repeat distinct boundari segment citi interc buse tour coach volvo low floor citi buse interc oper whilst low floor standard floor height interc buse citi oper likewis coach interc oper interc buse coach oper notifi parti contend finland unit kingdom quot midi buse quot smaller size weight type travel servic larg buse chassi compon engin gearbox volvo maintain great overlap bu segment shown section fact boundari segment fluid extent decis element establish exist singl product market buse heterogen product low demand side substitut line reason put forward volvo notif oral hear exist singl relev market buse accept demand side substitut low floor citi bu room larg number stand passeng doubl decker tour coach toilet video kitchen exist extrem rang type bu basi design equip suit larg number purpos gener requir term technic specif equip determin ride travel comfort passeng increas distanc bu primarili intend requir increas proport extent type bu intend tour schedul servic contrari view notifi parti notif oral hear deduc gradual transit greater comfort luxuri equip result heterogen buse market buse consist singl relev market difficulti determin precis demarc market broad highli differenti product rang accept basi dispens market definit altogeth obviou lack substitut product commiss view decis french market market buse oper public transport tour coach distinguish commiss adopt decis german market decis relat italian french spanish market whilst volvo scania activ eea market posit significantli stronger northern europ commiss market investig present case focus nordic area europ denmark finland norwai sweden unit kingdom ireland differ technic characterist commiss market investig case show clear distinct citi interc buse hand tour coach hand appli suppli demand side market suppli side data submit volvo scania data obtain supplier confirm import differ term chassi characterist type bu parti sell chassi model citi bu countri low floor low entri axl bu low horsepow engin typic hp parti sell coach chassi hand high floor bu engin hp countri sell coach axl vehicl typic interc bu gener high floor weaker engin tour coach interc buse longer citi buse coach articul buse primarili interc servic form demand side point view differ technic characterist necessit decis primari intend vehicl result import price differ chassi citi buse interc buse coach remind main featur type bu summaris citi buse citi buse design public transport urban area tend low floor low entri step wider door type bu citi buse design room stand passeng main featur citi buse construct primarili view facilit frequent entri exit main custom municip local author countri public transport privatis privat oper won tender provid bu transport servic behalf municip local author interc buse interc buse design public transport rural district public interc travel common citi buse buse luxuri equip technic point view part low floor buse gener power engin citi buse tour coach due natur servic featur facilit entri exit import citi buse main custom region public bu oper privat compani oper schedul servic buyer interc buse custom citi buse tour coach tour coach primarili intend serv leisur market long distanc tourist travel interc buse featur facilit frequent entri exit prioritis tour coach tour coach equip manual gearbox type bu automat gearbox tour coach tend higher interc buse equip compar luxuri manner equip luggag space air condit toilet televis screen make buse suitabl long trip main custom privat oper leisur charter trip market investig show oper season period tour coach purpos interc servic fact tour coach secondari field applic impli signific substitut product interc buse commiss note divis bu market segment gener reflect sale literatur supplier wide accept supplier custom market distinct buyer group distinct drawn basi type custom citi interc buse bought public privat oper charg schedul public transport servic respect brought commiss attent public author charg public transport continu influenc demand condit countri privatis servic place detail requir vehicl specif request competit tender oper schedul bu servic respect note privatis tender procedur longer appli purchas vehicl purchas longer made public author sale tour coach hand influenc public author tour coach bought privat oper leisur transport whilst import competit paramet leisur travel oper offer luxuri equip tour coach case compani oper public citi interc transport servic specif vehicl set public author organis servic tender procedur market investig reveal import distinct custom side prior privatis liberalis bu transport sector bu compani activ local region basi decad liberalis public schedul citi interc bu servic led creation number larg nation case intern bu fleet oper notifi parti emphasis procedur rapid pace consolid process place part bu oper past decad bu custom fleet size increas consider bui power vi vi bu manufactur market investig shown bu manufactur discrimin price condit grant small larg custom purchas prefer group vari significantli assess bu manufactur price discrimin small larg custom suppli side substitut effect suppli side substitut market investig confirm volvo content major bu manufactur europ present segment contrari volvo content rel posit manufactur term sale differ substanti compar hand sale type bu hand supplier market share member state group member state europ element examin geograph dimens market conclus relev product market state signific differ typic citi bu interc bu tour coach buyer bu purchas situat definit idea type servic vehicl primarili intend substitut type bu necessarili low merg entiti advantag futur achiev increas market power vehicl type result notifi transact reason commiss consid assess competit impact notifi transact basi separ market citi buse interc buse tour coach relev geograph market notif volvo submit relev geograph market tour coach citi buse interc buse eea claim conclus support evid relat price level state gener except rang eea volvo consid nation barrier entri confirm presenc lead produc eea repli oral hear volvo maintain price discrimin import penetr gener constitut focu geograph market definit price factor custom prefer technic requir purchas habit market share refer commiss decis merced benz kässbohrer case volvo claim price comparison buse coach render difficult differ type bu equip determin transact price repli submit element support content price level remain rang eea submit evid relat market penetr rate citi buse interc buse tour coach notifi parti base definit relev geograph market approach adopt commiss decis renault iveco case price factor commiss agre abil manufactur price discrimin geograph area central element defin relev geograph market indic volvo charg substanti price member state element custom prefer technic requir purchas habit market share import penetr relev definit relev market extent give indic abil manufactor price discrimin commiss investig shown element support find nation geograph market northern european area impact concentr strongest notifi parti point notif repli decis renaul iveco case focus exist level import penetr defin relev geograph market tour coach eea wide scope case commiss approv open phase investig commiss consid level import penetr nation manufactur tour coach franc itali high market tour coach inform submit volvo level import penetr unit kingdom finland relev member state present case significantli lower take account element analys detail recit figur strong indic eea wide market reason set detail market investig nordic region sweden finland norwai denmark unit kingdom ireland concern volvo content geograph market citi buse interc buse tour coach accept market investig provid indic market question essenti nation scope finnish market view linguist cultur histor factor view present finnish bu coach associ oral hear remain member state geograph scope market left open definit adopt propos concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit elabor section deal competit analysi tour coach market share vari significantli member state volvo content exist eea wide market tour coach support fact sale area notif volvo market share eea market share significantli higher nordic countri unit kingdom ireland time market share number countri significantli eea averag austria belgium franc germani spain similar nation deviat averag eea market share observ scania tour coach manufactur vagu refer histor reason volvo provid explan view differ market share member state compat content tour coach market eea wide combin market share volvo scania set tabl gt tabl gt purchas habit similar member state signific variat member state concern purchas behaviour tour coach custom final user main possibl purchas tour coach bui complet tour coach bui chassi volvo tour coach bodi complet passeng compart quot bodi builder quot case involv contractu arrang volvo bodi builder measur eea level volvo achiev total sale sell complet vehicl figur scania figur vari significantli individu member state volvo tour coach sale sweden norwai finland complet vehicl major scania sale larg explain fact volvo scania vertic integr main bodi builder nordic region hand ireland greec sale limit chassi unit kingdom approxim sale compris chassi addit state notif featur demand structur unit kingdom ireland compar member state sale interc buse purchas nation basi nation characterist consist commiss find buyer tour coach rare turn dealer establish countri reason german manufactur establish sale distribut system nordic countri unit kingdom ireland achiev signific sale countri question tour coach import countri respect manufactur nation organis competit condit neighbour countri impact sell condit countri reason tour coach custom prefer make purchas countri establish provid reliabl access servic vehicl extent servic hous tour coach compani respect emphasis signific proport tour coach custom small medium size compani custom exist signific price differ necessarili justifi transport vehicl foreign dealer servic repair reason state custom bui vehicl countri time effort cost involv chang registr vehicl addit risk secondhand quot privat quot import vehicl lower difficult quot trade quot futur transact dealer countri contrari volvo state repli oral hear number custom refer perceiv qualiti vehicl avail spare part servic essenti criteria purchas decis criteria strongli volvo scania brand member state assess technic requir prefer vari member state addit market investig reveal degre harmonis achiev european level number technic requir prefer pertin tour coach bu type vari member state maximum permit length vehicl metr franc netherland itali austria denmark maximum length limit metr finland appli metr limit final belgium sweden norwai germani length metr concern unit kingdom ireland fact vehicl adapt hand drive door left hand side vehicl sever restrict possibl import vehicl intend continent europ offic fair trade conclud similar reason unit kingdom constitut relev geograph market separ rest europ final concern primarili sweden finland norwai number custom specif adapt need vehicl suitabl climat road condit meet specif collis protect requir front bu number custom model continent europ suit nordic countri repli notifi parti disput conclus road climat condit finland amount substanti barrier entri support view volvo refer specialis bu magazin rank merced setra brand daimlerchrysl ahead volvo scania test buse manufactur arctic condit note articl publish german magazin volvo submit evid author articl suggest articl test made year commiss attach inform notifi parti contest repli view commiss technic requir vari member state signific extent maintain manufactur posit adapt product differ leav technic capabl manufactur adapt product process cost relat adapt estim brought commiss attent amount eur million balanc attract size market question price level differ significantli member state fact purchas tour coach nation level reflect fact signific price variat exclud tax observ neighbour countri inform contain notif volvo price tour coach model commonli sold model higher norwai denmark higher finland sweden higher unit kingdom netherland similar differ found price inform submit scania tour coach manufactur market investig volvo acknowledg gener manufactur abil price discrimin custom member state essenti indic find market nation scope price differ neighbour countri gener incompat volvo content nordic countri sweden finland norwai denmark unit kingdom ireland regard separ geograph market market wider nation reason assum buyer tour coach advantag exist price differ bui vehicl neighbour countri conclus relev geograph market tour coach view forego commiss consid assess competit impact notifi transact market tour coach separ finland unit kingdom member state precis delin relev geograph market left open oper lead creation strengthen domin posit citi buse interc buse market investig shown nordic countri sweden finland norwai denmark unit kingdom ireland element relat tour coach appli citi buse interc buse market share differ significantli member state case tour coach volvo content eea wide market citi interc buse support fact sale area state notif volvo market share citi buse eea eea market share interc buse state volvo market share significantli higher nordic countri citi interc buse unit kingdom ireland citi buse time market share number countri significantli eea averag citi buse volvo market share austria belgium germani itali luxembourg interc buse compani market share germani greec luxembourg netherland mean instanc volvo share citi bu market denmark germani sweden ireland volvo citi bu market scania equival figur unit kingdom similar greater nation deviat averag eea market share observ scania manufactur volvo provid suffici explan view variat market share member state compat content citi interc bu market eea wide purchas nation purchas habit differ member state similar variat demand structur member state tour coach exist citi interc buse sens custom countri prefer bui complet vehicl custom countri prefer bui chassi bodi separ fact buyer tour coach rare turn dealer establish countri appli citi interc buse respect relev signific differ hand market tour coach market citi interc buse whilst tour coach sold manufactur dealer countri citi interc buse signific extent sold directli final custom manufactur nation import mean theori compar import quot foreign quot supplier citi interc buse establish nation network dealer reason expect higher penetr quot foreign quot supplier citi interc buse tabl recit quot foreign quot manufactur compar success penetr nordic countri unit kingdom ireland citi interc buse combin market share volvo scania countri indic theoret abil quot foreign quot manufactur sell citi interc buse directli final custom vehicl signific impact competit situat countri market investig carri commiss indic reason public author plai compar greater role market citi interc buse buyer bodi respons issu call tender market investig sale continu subject detail technic specif nation legal requir addit intang explan nation brand loyalti languag difficulti pure econom reason plai role econom reason fact transact cost higher contact establish supplier countri custom point vehicl gener sold warranti servic contract custom express concern necessarili provid level aftersal servic countri incorpor bought vehicl manufactur countri addit extent buyer oper servic repair shop routin servic repair cost relat keep stock spare part brand specif tool extent act disincent addit brand final reason tour coach purchas citi interc buse countri increas risk cost chang registr vehicl secur secondhand technic requir vari member state variat length restrict tour coach appli citi interc buse true specif relat hand drive unit kingdom ireland addit recal market interc buse countri market investig parti submit nordic market low entri low floor gener demand citi buse specif nordic demand ethanol power buse manufactur tradition focus sale nordic region face addit cost previous tour coach vehicl bought public privat oper charg public transport servic brought commiss attent public author charg public transport continu influenc demand condit privatis servic place detail requir vehicl specif request competit tender request ethanol power buse addit regulatori technic requir signific import bu servic oper wish particip tender procedur price level differ significantli member state case tour coach fact purchas citi interc buse nation level reflect signific price variat exclud tax includ neighbour countri inform submit volvo price similar citi interc bu model higher sweden norwai time price finland higher price denmark price citi bu unit kingdom higher norwai similar price differ found inform submit scania citi interc bu manufactur final intern document volvo submit commiss price differ neighbour member state inform market price axl low floor citi bu higher netherland belgium price articul low floor citi bu higher itali austria price differ neighbour countri gener incompat volvo content nordic countri sweden finland norwai denmark unit kingdom ireland regard separ geograph market market wider nation reason assum buyer citi interc buse advantag exist price differ bui vehicl neighbour countri conclus relev geograph market citi interc buse reason commiss consid assess competit impact notifi transact market citi interc buse separ nordic countri sweden finland norwai denmark ireland assess prior assess individu market citi interc buse tour coach abovement member state specif issu rais volvo repli oral hear address result commiss market investig issu shrinkag custom respons result commiss market investig market buse coach volvo argu repli oral hear custom displai undu level concern propos concentr commiss consid remark carefulli conclus support fact previous state market heavi truck assess volvo argument custom concern mind degre consolid occur past decad submit notifi parti notif repli bu industri fragment custom structur concern tour coach reason state relat heavi truck relev question impli volvo number quot complaint quot submit qualit analysi made inform includ comment provid parti case propos concentr lead extrem high market share combin entiti fact largest custom inter alia parti domin signific commiss unabl accept volvo argument concern exist gfk survei conduct behalf volvo repli note survei carri telephon sampl volvo scania bu coach custom nordic countri unit kingdom ireland custom list provid volvo survei give indic characterist reaction custom fail identifi coach interc citi bu custom draw detail conclus behaviour custom group shrinkag effect volvo put forward shrinkag effect relat custom quot multipl sourc quot polici market citi interc buse tour coach volvo establish market share loss significantli chang competit situat market volvo provid data support claim signific shrinkag effect market refer commiss decis merced benz kässbohrer case concern german market citi buse interc buse tour coach case commiss consid market nation scope assess account structur element alter condit competit justifi dynam interpret signific market share merg parti conclud structur factor includ abil actual competitor constrain action entiti expect signific increas potenti competit power competitor possibl quick market entri bui power import custom commiss consid issu expect substanti actual potenti competit effect public procur procedur commiss note case small number import german market past due intang barrier market entri includ custom supplier relationship brand loyalti fact foreign supplier product properli tailor german market commiss conclud potenti competit exist competit suffici limit merg entiti freedom manoeuvr german market tangibl entri barrier overcom intang barrier expect lose signific commiss note signific differ circumst case mean direct parallel drawn term market size germani import bu market europ bu manufactur strateg interest enter market concentr signific domest bu coach manufactur man neoplan remain market addit foreign manufactur bova situat present case accept possibl shrinkag effect plan merger volvo scania evid merced kässbohrer merger show market share loss year volvo submiss market share loss longer materialis expect time merger repli volvo assert experi swedish coach market market share drop drastic evid bu market contest volvo scania combin high market share concern volvo explain exact reason market share decreas swedish coach market explain reason experi expect transpos relev coach market recognis market seal competit subject chang commiss evid disregard extrem high stabl market share relev market commiss consid loss market share swedish coach market due specif factor chang ownership main swedish player market main player swedish tour coach market recent compani vivendi intern presenc bui foreign brand tour coach volvo scania signific presenc member state austria belgium franc germani luxembourg combin market share market purpos assess notifi oper market share volvo scania remain member state norwai set tabl gt tabl gt tabl recit merg entiti remain subject competit supplier similar greater market share itali netherland spain sweden risk propos concentr creat strengthen domin posit market denmark norwai portug parti combin market share countri combin entiti remain subject competit supplier market share exceed parti combin market share countri subject signific fluctuat year background inform commiss propos concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit denmark norwai portug figur provid volvo parti achiev larg market share greec ireland note market tour coach countri limit size total registr mean market share calcul countri sensit gener difficulti offici registr member state differenti citi buse interc buse coach commiss investig inform provid parti made revis market share inform greec ireland submit volvo take parti inform consider combin market share volvo scania significantli lower tabl recit fact member state combin sale volvo scania lower manufactur inform commiss support find propos concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit greec ireland countri propos concentr impact competit finland unit kingdom market analys detail domin posit creat finnish market tour coach market size market share finnish coach market small volum annual sale unit tabl parti combin share market combin share stabl high level measur year period combin share market share distribut volvo scania stabl period volvo gener market scania chang trend year volvo increas market share scania market share fell develop parti market share show gain scania result loss volvo vice versa figur confirm statement parti effect scania compet volvo custom supplier signific sale tour coach finland year notif volvo submit daimlerchrysl challeng volvo content accept sale daimlerchrysl remain stabl level repres market true manufactur demand characterist featur finnish market tour coach buse custom histor bought vehicl chassi bodi separ respect parti submit purchas chassi bodi separ main advantag bodi builder tradition activ nation basi produc bodi satisfi local requir tend relat bodi chassi type separ purchas tradition reduc chassi manufactur leverag negoti respect parti state volvo market posit strengthen acquisit largest finnish bodi builder carru finnish bu coach associ act parti oral hear state volvo share bodi build product term volum volvo own carru factori finland consist observ volvo market share increas significantli abil significantli strengthen market posit demonstr acquisit carru significantli reduc credibl volvo argument import structur chang market finnish tour coach custom quot support quot manufactur order maintain possibl dual sourc fact volvo increas market share suggest custom favour manufactur strateg strongest market posit custom side note finnish bu compani vehicl fleet buse fleet buse fleet buse number small custom high tour coach custom market investig confirm type small bu compani signific advantag concentr purchas singl supplier reduc cost complex maintain multipl contact supplier spare part logist stockhold train driver mechan market investig confirm custom limit extent posit bui tour coach supplier locat finland view present finnish bu coach associ oral hear enabl volvo scania maintain significantli higher price finland neighbour sweden barrier entri potenti competit degre common servic network tour coach type bu heavi truck import note volvo scania similarli high market share citi interc buse recit heavi truck finland fact tour coach custom small privat compani mean reli supplier complex repair mainten vehicl explain custom tour coach finland gener find difficult sourc tour coach daimlerchrysl manufactur servic network compar parti number custom manufactur price servic spare part substanti higher volvo scania manufactur develop logist system lead longer deliveri time spare part view reflect import establish servic network respect tour coach volvo scania servic point finland volvo suitabl servic heavi truck type bu repli notifi parti submit inform number competitor servic point inform number servic point competitor significantli lower merg entiti renault servic point daimlerchrysl man conclud merg entiti competitor dens servic network finland repli volvo contest import dens servic network citi interc bu coach custom refer high proport hous servic bu coach custom mention göteborg citi bu compani volvo claim custom servic network competitor independ servic point sourc servic repair whilst true number custom servic repair vehicl hous view small size tour coach compani complex repair effect aftersal servic underestim relat small compani mention servic offer manufactur element perceiv custom close relat brand imag amount invest requir dens servic network report commiss establish competit servic network finland nordic countri expens part eea ow combin high wage larg area small total vehicl popul exist posit volvo scania forego prior concentr scania real sourc competit pressur volvo face finnish market sourc competit remov propos concentr market investig volvo implement concentr rais price significantli small bu compani main group buyer tour coach restrain merg entiti behaviour market notifi transact creat domin posit finnish market tour coach volvo suggest barrier entri subject effect potenti competit form european manufactur obtain improv opportun increas presenc market concentr note number technic characterist make tour coach intend continent europ suitabl finnish market adapt climat road condit length vehicl parti submit cost involv adapt exist coach model finnish market signific order signific competit forc market manufactur invest reinforc establish servic network compar volvo scania market investig shown supplier regard limit size finnish market barrier effect entri sens difficult recoup invest reason time frame conclud volvo suffici shown implement propos concentr subject potenti competit significantli restrain exercis increas market power gain acquisit scania conclus finnish market tour coach reason notifi transact creat domin posit finnish market tour coach domin posit creat unit kingdom market tour coach market size market share term volum coach market unit kingdom largest europ germani tour coach sold unit kingdom parti combin share market volvo scania combin market share parti measur year period combin share case finland volvo period competitor stronger posit market share scania stabl approxim appear main reason volvo consist strong posit unit kingdom acquisit unit kingdom compani leyland buse market investig lower market share scania main sourc competit volvo compani gener compet custom scania vehicl consid custom prefer substitut volvo tour coach intern volvo data confirm volvo scania consid unit kingdom coach custom close substitut term qualiti safeti environment impact volvo scania suppli side tour coach market fragment unit kingdom manufactur daimlerchrysl man daf bu van hool denni market share demand characterist case finnish market tour coach custom unit kingdom bui vehicl chassi bodi separ volvo sale state involv chassi respect parti submit volvo market posit strengthen indirect ownership import bodi builder unit kingdom plaxton parti project type vertic integr gain import come year submit scania sell complet tour coach unit kingdom trend custom side volvo cite unit kingdom complet privatis market sophist power privat bu oper submit largest bu oper account demand degre custom dispers higher coach market citi bu market consist fact economi scale found oper signific number schedul public bu servic evid excurs tourism sector main field tour coach number small custom higher user tour coach type small bu compani advantag appli concentr purchas singl supplier finland reduc cost complex maintain multipl contact supplier spare part logist stockhold train driver mechan market investig confirm custom realist posit bui tour coach supplier locat unit kingdom enabl volvo scania maintain significantli higher price unit kingdom neighbour netherland actual potenti competit volvo scania high market share citi buse recit market leader heavi truck unit kingdom explain relat finland exist common servic network vehicl fact tour coach custom depend supplier repair mainten creat lock effect consist find tour coach custom gener displai high degre brand loyalti volvo servic point scania unit kingdom present main competitor similar network servic point iveco servic point daimlerchrysl propos concentr volvo consider stronger posit advantag brand loyalti attempt rais price pre merger situat balanc potenti gain risk number custom switch manufactur market percept scania close substitut volvo exercis high risk custom switch scania implement propos concentr custom respons revenu viewpoint neutral volvo propos oper direct result reduc risk volvo exercis market power addit effect neutralis potenti custom respons scania concern price increas concentr effect strengthen volvo market leadership propos transact increas volvo share unit kingdom tour coach market result supplier market share increasingli accept volvo price leadership transact reduc risk aggress respons smaller supplier volvo increas tour coach price forego prior concentr scania main sourc competit pressur volvo unit kingdom market sourc competit remov propos concentr significantli strengthen volvo abil exercis market power small bu compani main buyer tour coach restrain merg entiti behaviour market conclus unit kingdom market tour coach reason conclud notifi transact creat domin posit unit kingdom market tour coach citi interc buse volvo scania signific activ market member state citi buse combin market share austria belgium franc germani itali luxembourg spain interc buse parti market share member state netherland market purpos assess notifi oper market share volvo scania remain member state norwai set tabl gt tabl gt tabl recit merg entiti product market remain subject competit supplier similar greater market share netherland portug risk propos concentr wold creat strengthen domin posit market situat relat unit kingdom greec figur provid volvo parti achiev signific combin market share volvo submit parti combin market share citi buse unit kingdom decreas dramat volvo market share drop inform commiss support find propos concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit unit kingdom situat greec requir specif attent total size greek market citi interc buse small approxim vehicl public transport oper athen thessaloniki main buyer vehicl greec oper purchas citi interc buse public tender effect market share greec extrem volatil period volvo market share citi buse greec scania market share year market share largest competitor daimlerchrysl period circumst commiss opinion propos concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit greek market citi interc buse countri propos concentr impact competit sweden finland norwai denmark ireland market citi interc buse countri number similar assess provid detail descript market countri sweden assess nordic countri made larg refer assess focu exist nation differ final irish market assess common featur nordic countri volvo scania tradit supplier area tradition enjoi strong market posit citi interc buse market investig strongli support find volvo scania main competitor nordic countri number year propos oper lead elimin volvo main competitor market domin posit creat swedish market citi interc buse market size market share volum swedish market citi buse interc buse citi buse parti combin market share volvo scania figur interc buse combin volvo contribut scania citi buse volvo market share figur scania interc buse volvo market share figur scania variat parti market share year figur provid volvo fluctuat market share parti measur year period combin share citi buse interc buse evid volvo scania maintain consist high market share main sourc competit market market investig custom sweden gener volvo scania closest substitut market citi interc buse confirm intern data submit volvo high combin market share volvo scania supplier daimlerchrysl neoplan bova weak market posit rang merg entiti market share time higher closest competitor signific differ pre merger situat volvo face competit compani scania compar market share citi buse signific sale interc buse addit sweden core market scania evid case manufactur import custom tend attribut signific import track record commit manufactur quot quot market merg entiti market leader sweden significantli posit spread cost relat specif nation measur develop servic network maintain contact custom public author promot campaign remain weaker competitor demand characterist swedish citi interc bu oper complet privatis volvo submit oper swebu linjebuss busslink account total swedish demand citi interc buse compani exercis signific bui power volvo number exampl consid quot signific contract loss quot year larger buyer commiss recognis privatis consolid swedish bu oper provid larger entiti compar bargain posit previous held smaller publicli own local oper constitut evid signific overlap creat propos concentr increas volvo market power relev question swedish custom abil significantli restrain combin entiti futur market behaviour common characterist volvo bu custom bui high proport total requir form volvo scania custom significantli depend volvo vice versa base purchas insuffici evid swedish custom suffici bui power restrain volvo market behaviour note swedish citi interc bu oper privatis consider period time year market share volvo scania fact retain high stabl market share year background conclud modest market share increas daimlerchrysl neoplan bova period liberalis swedish bu market support volvo content relat quot signific contract loss quot shown fluctuat market share primarili parti appear larg swedish buyer citi interc buse strong prefer volvo scania product market investig custom price sensit consist custom survei citi buse conduct volvo conclud purchas price import factor local servic network reliabl lifetim cost volvo content likelihood volvo custom reduc purchas volvo respons merger analys relat shrinkag effect note swedish bu oper market concentr signific number small size bu oper smaller custom number aspect similar posit tour coach custom mean prefer concentr purchas singl supplier reason reduc cost complex maintain multipl contact supplier spare part logist stockhold train driver mechan addit smaller citi interc bu custom depend supplier aftersal servic reason smaller custom abil withstand attempt merg entiti increas market power concentr conclus volvo demonstr exist level bui power citi interc bu oper sweden suffici negat merg entiti abil advantag increas market power gain propos concentr barrier entri potenti competit sweden volvo scania high market share heavi truck lesser extent tour coach tabl recit extent citi interc bu custom requir aftersal servic manufactur exist common servic network vehicl creat lock effect exist custom expect displai signific degre brand loyalti widespread natur volvo scania servic network sweden act addit barrier entri manufactur citi interc buse reason relat finnish market tour coach market investig compar high cost establish concern sale aftersal organis combin limit size attract swedish market import barrier signific entri volvo scania servic point sweden competitor significantli fewer servic point sweden largest compet servic network point presenc merg entiti merg entiti competitor addit disadvantag term offer comprehens servic network final cost relat restraint increas capillar servic network finland appli sweden volvo submit custom gener dual sourc polici custom bought volvo scania altern supplier concentr view lead reduct merg entiti market share sweden benefit manufactur volvo suggest competit disadvantag compar manufactur volvo advanc provid type buse argument confirm market investig disregard volvo argument relat quot shrinkag quot analys note board document report reli volvo demonstr quot shrinkag quot effect larg focus heavi truck document specif analysi develop citi interc bu market addit commiss argument set relat heavi truck conclud volvo content likelihood signific quot shrinkag quot sale citi interc buse estim firm foundat remov concern combin main competitor market contrari conclud volvo propos concentr consider stronger posit utilis market power pre merger situat attempt rais price balanc potenti gain risk number custom switch manufactur establish posit scania combin market percept scania closest substitut volvo confirm intern volvo data high risk custom switch scania implement propos concentr custom respons revenu viewpoint neutral volvo propos oper direct result reduc volvo risk exercis market power addit effect neutralis potenti custom reaction scania concern price increas concentr effect creat strong posit market leadership volvo propos transact increas volvo share swedish citi bu market approxim effect supplier market share increasingli accept volvo price leadership appli interc bu market volvo market share increas signific competitor remov transact reduc risk aggress respons smaller supplier volvo increas price forego prior concentr scania signific sourc competit pressur face volvo swedish market sourc competit remov result propos concentr significantli strengthen volvo abil exercis market power market investig support find bui power merg entiti custom significantli restrain behaviour market conclus swedish market citi interc buse reason notifi transact creat domin posit swedish market citi interc buse domin posit creat finnish norwegian danish market citi interc buse structur finnish norwegian danish market citi interc buse signific extent similar relat sweden section focu exist differ whilst make refer previou section market size market share notif amp lt citi buse regist finland amp lt norwai amp lt denmark figur interc buse amp lt amp lt amp lt citi buse parti combin market share finland volvo scania norwai volvo scania denmark parti combin share volvo scania interc buse parti combin market share finland volvo scania norwai volvo scania denmark volvo scania market share figur relationship exist sweden volvo consist stronger parti appli finland norwai denmark main reason scania higher proport combin market share denmark appear relat recent acquisit dab signific bodi builder countri inform submit volvo market share largest competitor market rang approxim merg entiti similar sweden benefit market posit time stronger closest competitor relev market market investig support find volvo scania main competitor finland norwai denmark custom gener closest substitut note market share calcul nordic level combin citi bu sale volvo scania volvo scania interc buse nordic figur volvo scania conclus state individu countri remain valid market assess nordic level demand characterist finnish norwegian danish market reach degre privatis swedish market demand gener concentr sweden reason relat sweden conclud volvo demonstr exist level bui power citi interc bu oper finland norwai denmark suffici negat merg entiti abil advantag increas market power gain propos concentr barrier entri potenti competit barrier entri relat aftersal servic limit attract market relat sweden equal applic finland norwai denmark reason relat sweden volvo argument quot shrinkag quot accept nordic countri conclud reason sweden propos concentr remov scania effect sourc competit pressur market significantli strengthen volvo abil exercis market power merg entiti competit advantag finland relat significantli larger servic network section tour coach situat similar norwai volvo servic point scania denmark volvo scania servic point competitor significantli fewer servic point countri norwai largest compet servic network denmark half coverag combin volvo scania network conclud norwai denmark merg entiti competitor addit disadvantag term offer custom comprehens servic network final cost relat restraint increas capillar servic network appli countri conclus finnish norwegian danish market citi interc buse reason notifi transact creat domin posit finnish norwegian danish market citi interc buse domin posit creat irish market citi buse market size market share total volum irish market citi buse parti combin market share extrem high amount volvo scania volvo market share consist high ireland year share volvo tradition strong posit ireland stem acquisit british leyland late except daf denni market share subsequ supplier daimlerchrysl man manag reach market share exceed period fact scania sale irish citi bu market manag obtain market share scania abil penetr irish market signific scale produc manag year strong indic custom gener volvo scania closest substitut citi buse propos concentr remov newli introduc element competit irish market high combin market share volvo scania supplier extrem weak market posit merg entiti market share time higher closest competitor demand characterist ireland citi bu servic larg oper public author import dublin bu purchas citi buse ireland subject public tender procedur tabl recit volvo loss market share scania retain high stabl market share year background conclud evid permit conclus public procur procedur enabl citi bu supplier provid degre competit merg entiti scania recent demonstr abil conclus volvo demonstr exist level bui power citi bu oper ireland suffici negat merg entiti abil advantag increas market power gain propos concentr barrier entri potenti competit volvo strong posit ireland link acquisit british leyland bu divis percept provid combin price aftersal servic abil consist maintain high market share fact market driven public tender procedur supplier find difficult enter market signific scale reason relat nordic market limit size attract irish market appear import barrier signific entri scania year supplier significantli challeng volvo sale citi buse ireland conclud propos concentr improv volvo abil market power absenc concentr volvo consid rais price small signific amount balanc potenti gain risk number custom switch scania demonstr abil make signific inroad market implement propos concentr custom reaction revenu viewpoint neutral volvo supplier demonstr abil market share propos oper direct result reduc volvo risk exercis market power forego prior concentr scania signific sourc competit pressur face volvo irish market sourc competit remov propos concentr significantli strengthen volvo abil exercis market power market investig support find bui power merg entiti custom significantli restrain behaviour market conclud notifi transact creat domin posit irish market citi buse conclus irish market citi buse reason notifi transact creat domin posit irish market citi buse conclus bu market propos concentr creat domin posit market tour coach finland unit kingdom market citi interc buse sweden finland norwai denmark irish citi bu market undertak propos volvo order ensur adopt decis pursuant articl merger regul februari volvo submit undertak effect date adopt decis heavi truck open volvo scania dealer servic network sweden finland denmark norwai volvo network ireland divestitur volvo stake bilia ab distributor nordic countri effort ensur abolit swedish cab crash test year temporari suspens scania brand sweden finland norwai coach citi interc buse open sale servic network suspens scania brand heavi truck divestitur bu coach bodi build plant denmark sweden access bodi build capac finland volvo contact swedish govern request elimin specif swedish technic safeti standard applic cab heavi duti truck quot cab crash test quot practic event month adopt commiss decis adopt commiss decis volvo undertak effort ensur abolit cab crash test sweden commiss inform progress regard basi determin commiss volvo propos open scania sale servic network inform authoris dealer servic centr relev countri free establish contractu relat volvo competitor includ foreign swedish subsidiari sale leas competitor heavi truck citi buse interc buse perform mainten servic repair relat thereto provid ad hoc basi establish separ compani carri activ separ premis propos dealer servic station termin option effect month provid written notic volvo exist dealership agreement servic centr agreement volvo commit discrimin actual prospect dealer servic centr basi deal volvo competitor event combin share volvo scania heavi truck fall total heavi truck sale relev countri year volvo propos free enter exclus arrang exist dealer servic centr longer bound commit right provid dealership servic centr agreement volvo propos divest stake bilia ab bu coach bodi build plant volvo plant aabenraa denmark scania plant silkeborg denmark scania plant katrineholm sweden month commiss decis possibl extens month propos provis supervis sale truste undertak provid parti access volvo bu coach bodi build capac relat volvo subsidiari carru oy quot carru quot situat finland volvo carru practic suppli bu coach bodi unrel bu coach chassi supplier commerci term volvo commit oblig carru suppli bu coach bodi volvo compet european bu coach supplier sale buse coach finland term discriminatori compar suppli carru bu coach bodi volvo sale finland final propos scania trade mark heavi truck citi interc buse coach sold sweden finland norwai period year commenc date close transact contractu propos subject provis mean scania vehicl continu sold year period trade mark decid sole volvo propos subject fulfil exist contract order sale product exist prior close vi assess propos undertak undertak propos volvo properli implement benefici effect competit situat relev market commiss contact market particip conclus propos undertak insuffici resolv competit concern result elimin volvo main competitor scania heavi truck market test confirm volvo propos relat swedish cab crash test suspens scania brand sweden norwai finland impact competit situat cab crash test abolish swedish govern test remov month period refer volvo volvo undertak effort seek abolit conclud purpos assess test abolish equal propos suspens scania brand limit signific relat year period extend ireland impli withdraw scania product line propos continu sold brand volvo choic suspens appli exist contract bind order product stock conclus propos limit substanc competit impact market test reveal sceptic propos divestitur volvo stake bilia ab truck bu car distributor nordic countri remov vertic link market test event link remov bilia volvo dealer continu econom depend volvo sens larg major busi activ relat sale servic volvo vehicl suggest buyer ford own volvo car divis bilia distribut car nordic countri ford activ market heavi truck buse necessarili provid competit market addit volvo termin contract bilia ab compani acquir compet manufactur take compet brand measur propos open volvo scania dealer servic network market test confirm provid exist dealer strong incent addit brand switch complet brand propos basic leav exist structur volvo scania organis intact divestitur activ termin contract lead signific doubt effect propos order conclud propos signific impact market structur forese futur demonstr lack structur featur highli provid exist dealer strong incent chang behaviour structur impact market formal econom argument conclus respond propos signific effect reduc volvo market share year formal econom argument effect propos number respond question effect propos scania dealer servic network includ wholli own dealer nordic countri sweden scania sale made wholli own dealer figur norwai finland higher fact propos open scania network relat independ dealer norwai independ dealer finland reason respond suggest divestitur wholli own network greater market impact volvo scania dealer block exempt motor vehicl distribut compet brand requir separ busi premis fact volvo scania dealer past possibl take brand mention indic limit attract dual brand distribut viewpoint supplier distributor addit volvo relat propos bilia divestitur reserv termin distribut agreement bilia acquir competitor parti volvo indirect acknowledg unattract dual brand distribut thirdli servic station market test confirm volvo scania network past accept de facto work compet brand propos lead substanti chang fourthli number reason conclud propos provid exist volvo scania dealer servic station suffici strong econom incent brand pure econom viewpoint stress dealer continu econom depend revenu deriv sale servic volvo scania vehicl long period year mention reason continu depend truck buse durabl good main part quot roll stock quot vehicl continu volvo scania forese futur context recal dealer achiev revenu servic sale spare part sale vehicl disincent dealer brand risk volvo decid adopt polici direct sale head offic state repres volvo sale finland todai fact widespread belief volvo reduc size combin dealer network futur quot disloy dealer quot run higher risk exclud stage fifthli volvo propos undertak discrimin dealer brand criticis vagu imposs monitor effect similarli provis undertak longer effect combin volvo scania market share fall criticis make imposs dealer supplier long term invest relat build suffici instal base brand sixthli market test confirm propos enabl supplier creat suffici capillari network provid effect competit volvo ow limit incent dealer set respond limit number volvo scania dealer year period significantli reduc depend volvo take brand reason propos provid supplier access limit number dealer seventhli competitor risk involv enter expand market presenc exist volvo scania network high context explain sunk cost involv signific invest includ inter alia emploi full network specialis mechan dedic sale personnel train invest specialis tool stock spare part comput administr system addit signific commerci cost term sell product price volvo scania offer dealer significantli higher margin compens lower volum suffici instal base reach cost competitor express strong reserv entrust market vehicl dealer continu sell volvo scania signific period time tell custom option volvo scania vehicl conclus propos undertak open dealer servic network structur charact provid strong incent exist dealer chang behaviour structur impact market coach citi interc buse state volvo propos includ open dealer servic network heavi truck mean propos includ measur direct coach market unit kingdom volvo combin market share volvo dealer servic network limit interest citi interc bu market heavi truck vehicl sold directli manufactur head offic servic carri hous custom mean lack incent dealer servic station brand appli greater extent heavi truck propos expect signific impact competit situat relev bu coach market reason relat heavi truck propos limit suspens scania brand signific impact relev market coach citi buse interc buse market test confirm propos competitor access volvo bodi build capac finland carru oy provid chang exist situat respond continu unwil contract carru wholli own subsidiari volvo includ volvo confirm carru past practic suppli bu coach bodi unrel bu coach supplier commerci term addit behaviour discrimin undertak increas attract propos logic viewpoint effect carru discrimin parti past reason propos undertak relat carru signific impact relev market coach citi buse interc buse volvo propos divest bu coach bodi build plant volvo plant aabenraa denmark scania plant silkeborg denmark scania plant katrineholm sweden criticis improv market access competitor relev market gener insuffici remov identifi competit concern number respond propos effect limit propos divest result overcapac volvo point volvo scania recent invest modern bodi build capac poland effici nordic plant retain carru finland säffle sweden contact parti express interest acquir propos plant submit divestitur propos plant significantli facilit access nordic market competitor strong belief plant technic compat reason continu depend chassi suppli volvo forese futur depend sale servic complet vehicl continu perform volvo final volvo aabenraa plant produc citi interc bodi deliv denmark sweden norwai scania plant katrineholm deliv citi bu bodi swedish market part remain finland iceland scania silkeborg plant manufactur citi interc buse produc bodi dab trade mark unit regist northern sweden product destin danish market undertak propos volvo coach citi interc bu market partli structur charact market test significantli facilit access relev market competitor favour interpret insuffici scope elimin competit concern relev market conclus undertak propos volvo coach citi interc bu market favour interpret insuffici reach remov competit concern relev market propos volvo late stage procedur march volvo propos substanti modifi undertak propos differ undertak submit februari respect propos divest volvo sharehold bilia ab withdrawn propos suspend scania brand year period withdrawn propos introduc concern distribut network provis ad propos divest scania bodi build plant concern sale citi interc bu chassi articl regul ec commit intend parti form basi decis compat pursuant articl merger regul submit commiss month decis open proceed commiss except circumst extend period volvo put forward reason regard constitut except circumst dai submit propos commit case februari volvo propos submit march commiss view propos volvo includ undertak submit month time limit present decis propos account ad implement propos complex procedur viewpoint propos termin contract dealer divest sale point procedur interest parti part volvo scania distribut capac complex requir detail examin procedur complex inher submit late stage procedur increas difficulti assess propos potenti effect substant viewpoint conclud propos obviou clear cut remov identifi competit concern complex propos made imposs short time remain expiri deadlin articl merger regul commiss evalu effect investig call seek view interest parti pursuant relev provis merger regul conclus propos undertak reason commiss conclus undertak propos volvo februari insuffici remov competit concern result propos acquisit scania concern propos march firstli conclud volvo justifi submiss week expiri deadlin submiss undertak event propos obviou clear cut remov identifi competit concern vii conclus view commiss conclus notifi concentr incompat common market function eea agreement assum full complianc propos undertak creat domin posit market heavi truck sweden norwai finland ireland tour coach finland unit kingdom interc buse sweden finland norwai denmark citi buse sweden finland norwai denmark ireland result effect competit significantli imped common market mean articl merger regul articl eea agreement adopt decis articl concentr notifi commiss ab volvo septemb ab volvo acquir sole control scania ab declar incompat common market function eea agreement articl decis address ab volvo göteborg sweden brussel march commiss mario monti member commiss oj correct version oj oj oj oj case iv renault volvo decis novemb case iv renault iveco decis octob relev find affect bu market discuss section buse coach part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket studi greec omit ow low number vehicl sold luxembourg includ belgium ireland includ unit kingdom recal report purpos narrow differ adjust price exclud sweden franc norwai tractor sweden denmark rigid inform provid volvo margin popular model number countri popular model vari countri volvo provid data countri complet comparison made recal lexecon neven report consider effort adjust exist price data omit number countri larger price differ found conclud price vari repli volvo refer exist trade secondhand heavi truck evid nation market interrel context note buyer secondhand vehicl typic bui packag truck mainten contract possibl financ case truck notif volvo secondhand truck market truck provid inform sale secondhand vehicl thirdli volvo provid inform show parallel trade truck level trade secondhand vehicl figur highest sweden finland denmark norwai order volvo market share figur base registr volum heavi truck data submit larg correspond sale figur collect commiss investig includ broken rigid tractor heavi truck brought commiss attent cost extend capabl light medium truck network cover heavi truck cost heavi truck network recit explain commiss meaning provid statist base unrepres sampl worth note number respond express concern vari countri countri made comment recit volvo suppli inform relat sale franc state provid breakdown countri case iv merced benz kässbohrer decis februari oj scania volvo servic point sweden figur plausibl compani put posit equal attract swedish truck oper volvo scania propos concentr number dealership significantli lower volvo scania sourc quot kuorma autoliikenn suomessa quot suomen kuorma autoliitto quot truck transport finland quot finnish truck associ volvo highest highest volum model nordic countri account volvo heavi truck sale nordic region case iv merced benz kässbohrer decis februari oj case iv renault iveco decis octob case iv renault volvo decis novemb point case iv renault heuliez decis june point case iv merced benz kässbohrer decis februari oj case iv renault iveco decis octob volvo repli refer current discuss harmonis length width buse coach intern traffic volvo estim harmonis effect volvo provid evid market impact rule adopt time schedul envisag volvo context examin merger henli group plc denni group plc offic fair trade conclud context examin merger henli group plc denni group plc unit kingdom constitut relev geograph market separ rest europ includ ireland notif unit kingdom member state differenti registr class citi buse tour coach volvo submit daimlerchrysl market share citi buse norwai confirm investig repli volvo claim market share relat sale registr scania market share base citi buse leas bu éireann scania bu coach unit kingdom volvo propos relev market exclud leas vehicl provid figur base sale commiss regul ec june applic articl treati categori motor vehicl distribut servic agreeement oj