commiss decis octob declar concentr compat common market function eea agreement case comp oracl peoplesoft notifi document number english text authent text eea relev ec octob commiss adopt decis merger case council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak articl regul confidenti version full decis found authent languag case work languag commiss websit director gener competit address http europa eu int comm competit index en html octob commiss receiv notif pursuant articl regul eec merger regul propos concentr undertak oracl corpor oracl unit state acquir mean articl merger regul sole control undertak peoplesoft peoplesoft unit state public bid novemb commiss initi proceed accord articl merger regul investig concentr impact relev market custom competitor player march commiss object oracl articl merger regul object transact deem creat domin posit result effect competit common market area cover eea agreement significantli imped oral hear held brussel march april april oral hear commiss issu request inform articl merger regul invit oracl submit inform order enabl commiss decis quot broader factual basi quot absenc repli oracl commiss adopt decis articl merger regul april period laid articl merger regul suspend date oracl submiss respons commiss request inform timet procedur resum octob oper review author parallel commiss procedur trial held front district court northern district california san francisco hereinaft refer district court northern california trial trial commenc june district court northern california refus grant injunct transact judgement septemb trial numer document enterpris transact public partli put websit depart justic transcript statement made wit trial public commiss includ part evid trial decis parti oracl publicli list compani common stock trade nasdaq activ design develop manufactur distribut enterpris applic softwar databas applic server softwar relat servic peoplesoft publicli list compani share trade nasdaq activ design develop manufactur distribut enterpris applic softwar relat servic juli peoplesoft acquir control edward jd edward compani activ applic softwar busi ii transact notifi oper consist public bid outstand share peoplesoft oracl launch public bid june expir date offer extend oracl offer includ outstand share issu peoplesoft contribut acquisit jd edward bid contest peoplesoft support board director peoplesoft iii relev market high function hr fm solut softwar oracl peoplesoft vendor enterpris applic softwar ea ea softwar support major busi function need manag busi effect corpor branch level manag corpor financ autom sale market function compani manag resourc involv corpor project ea commerci quot shelf quot refer quot packag quot softwar order distinguish customis softwar fulfil function packag applic develop hous consult industri gener group ea categori function broadli similar purpos relev categori present transact financi manag system fm human resourc hr call enterpris resourc plan erp fm suit typic includ softwar account account receiv account payabl gener ledger plan budget report time expens manag financi suppli chain hr suit combin softwar personnel data payrol manag benefit ea pillar custom relationship manag crm suppli chain manag scm commiss found relev product market assess present transact market high function fm hr softwar applic hr fm applic substitut buyer commiss consid distinct market high function fm hr softwar applic intend serv larg complex enterpris lce requir softwar accompani servic high standard term inter alia scalabl configur sophist price reliabl qualiti softwar brand recognit vendor market investig show characterist high function hr fm softwar mid market product gener high function softwar solut complex offer greater function support user total concurr number expens time higher implement cost compar mid market softwar high function hr fm softwar greater breadth horizont function depth vertic function high function softwar support high volum user employe simultan onlin employe servic portal high volum transact high degre scalabl mid market product typic limit hundr user high function hr fm softwar cope larg compani complex organis design carri activ larg complex organis involv depart mid size small compani function carri person high function hr fm softwar offer complianc legal requir account rule main econom zone legal jurisdict gaap ia nation system context larg complex compani solut tend support multipl region currenc simultan real time minimum solut provid mechan larg enterpris manag differ minimum effort addit larg enterpris applic simultan support multipl languag singl locat includ japanes chines languag mid market solut typic optimis specif econom region result typic provid languag geograph support option high level product mainten support drive lce choic ea product inher characterist high function hr fm solut compar mid market solut support mid market custom complex enterpris system impact hour dai coverag requir challeng global compani mid market compani primari locat europ link smaller sale offic distributor oversea underli architectur high function solut fundament mid market product multi tier architectur achiev level throughput requir high function ea solut mid market solut simpler interfac simpler api applic program interfac make easier integr simpl mid market softwar smaller scale solut allow scope ad directli function softwar high function softwar complex proprietari api full complex integr larg scale softwar solut addit function ad customis solut support multipl popular program languag commiss investig show quot breed quot point solut softwar hr softwar outsourc servic system integr servic incumb softwar instal custom repres competit constraint vi vi small transitori increas price high function softwar product servic relev market larg complex enterpris custom high function hr fm solut softwar typic purchas complex organis compani high level function expect high standard product perform requir short time continu avail accompani servic commiss conclus distinct product market fm hr high function solut larg complex enterpris vendor high function hr fm softwar commiss establish vendor fm hr high function softwar supplier form competit constraint combin oracl peoplesoft market stake commiss establish supplier market bid made supplier custom larg complex enterpris need complex function field hr fm applic appear difficult draw clear cut line custom basi complex custom applic softwar cater larg complex enterpris applic adapt mid market custom order carri investig commiss proxi describ custom transact softwar applic suitabl proxi quot complex quot requir larg organis commiss consid net licenc eur million appear indic bid made high function solut purchas larg complex enterpris bid individu case involv high function fm hr solut licenc excess eur million safe assum win bid threshold applic field hr fm consid supplier high function fm hr solut commiss complement threshold delin larg complex enterpris custom market investig show threshold employe revenu exceed eur billion proxi rough qualif larg complex undertak commiss conclud complementari set proxi qualif bid assess bid high function softwar larg complex enterpris proxi commiss analys bid ea vendor particip bid submit oracl respons commiss inform request oral hear commiss analys document relat bid result trial order establish supplier softwar applic basi evid commiss conclud market high function fm hr larg complex enterpris oracl peoplesoft sap main player player identifi bid year period fall proxi high function softwar larg complex enterpris compani employe revenu exceed eur billion commiss data submiss oracl show occasion player win bid high function fm hr softwar serv larg complex enterpris vendor hr fm high function softwar lawson intentia if qad microsoft vendor won limit number bid runner up high function fm hr softwar particip bid licens exceed eur million larger number bid oracl dataset bid data dataset obtain trial proceed commiss undertook econometr analysi order investig data reveal differ oracl bid behaviour depend ident competitor final bid round find oracl provid aggress discount sap peoplesoft present final bid round compet competitor suggest indirect evid competit big softwar provid oracl sap peoplesoft vendor high function fm hr softwar serv larg complex enterpris main find signific distinct identifi behaviour oracl compet sap peoplesoft compar behaviour bidder true restrict attent larg deal commiss analys capabl reach fm hr softwar vendor lawson intentia if qad microsoft basi evid trial san francisco commiss conclud limit product offer vendor oppos oracl peoplesoft sap hr fm high function softwar custom field hr fm qualifi larg complex enterpris vendor serv vertic respect vendor special relev product market high function fm hr solut larg complex enterpris main player market sap oracl peoplesoft commiss conclus vendor repres competit constraint vi vi oracl peoplesoft sap vertic activ exclud vendor market high function fm hr applic purpos present transact lawson intentia if microsoft treat vendor fm hr high function applic qad treat vendor fm high function solut mid market hr fm solut softwar commiss found indic market softwar applic mid size enterpris approxim annual revenu eur million eur billion separ market market high function fm hr solut possibl market applic small enterpris revenu eur million applic adapt mid size enterpris box solut provid limit scope function limit extent configur individu enterpris separ market fm hr solut distinguish mid market softwar fm hr function mid size compani substitut demand side perspect function relat pillar crm scm commiss found indic applic softwar small busi cover basic enterpris uniform organis structur case exact delin product market mid market hr fm solut small busi softwar left open transact lead competit concern basi market definit geograph scope relev market market investig gave clear indic geograph scope market high function hr fm solut larg complex enterpris world wide custom offer ea solut vendor locat eea unit state part world consider geograph region compani origin commiss bid data submit oracl oral hear investig oracl behaviour differ depend locat bid data suggest averag discount offer eea differ offer rest world commiss conclus market high function hr fm solut worldwid scope mid market fm hr solut geograph scope market wider eea wide exact delimit left open iv assess market share calcul market share proven difficult relev market publicli industri studi parti provid segment vendor revenu segment market upmarket mid market vendor classifi custom volum revenu number employe commiss sought establish strength vendor basi total revenu report industri report independ achiev upmarket mid market share tabl sourc gartner erp market experi declin market statist publish total licenc revenu worldwid fm hr oracl peoplesoft jd edward oracl peoplesoft jd edward combin sap lawson intentia if qad microsoft mb limit mean market stake commiss share indic rel strength vendor market share show oracl peoplesoft includ jd edward sap main player fm hr market share player estim sap lead market combin oracl peoplesoft fm combin oracl peoplesoft lead hr creation domin posit result effect competit significantli imped high function hr fm solut softwar coordin effect statement object commiss base concern part find signific group custom essenti supplier left transact concern base definit market merger consist oracl sap group limit choic merger consist inter alia custom find product suitabl custom prefer run softwar oracl databas custom termin relationship custom order avoid depend supplier prefer purchas fm hr softwar supplier custom prefer licens softwar databas supplier light conclus market definit commiss uphold preliminari conclus group custom confront de facto absenc choic merger order assess notifi concentr lead coordin effect commiss ran number regress dataset data set peoplesoft oracl data set compil european commiss oracl dataset court proceed purpos investig extent competit situat bid measur number final round bidder impact discount offer seller question peoplesoft peoplesoft dataset oracl oracl dataset commiss gener found strong relationship size deal discount offer deal tend produc high list price attract larg discount commiss found number regress relationship deal size discount properli account appear effect competitor discount behaviour initi find mention statement object base regress size deal account number final bidder longer lead effect find case number ident competitor bid effect firm behaviour prove harm effect merger custom varieti reason effect absent bid data base inform reach final conclus reason pertin commiss reach conclus issu clear absenc appreci effect competit oracl behaviour make bid data unsuit reli determin proof anticompetit effect merger coordin effect statement object commiss base concern find addit coordin effect remain player posit soften competit coordin competit behaviour theori coordin base definit market merger consist oracl sap reli symmetr market share combin oracl peoplesoft sap align incent due fact sap largest resel oracl databas paramet adopt common polici commiss identifi alloc custom duopoli reduct price competit common understand slow addit function improv product light conclus market definit commiss conclud merger lead collect domin posit combin oracl peoplesoft sap basi coordin effect market addit oracl peoplesoft sap lawson intentia if qad microsoft present vendor high function fm hr applic appear difficult argu player reach common understand paramet outlin alloc custom due larger group vendor softwar larger number vendor reduc transpar market make retaliatori action difficult player market share symmetr vendor oracl peoplesoft sap significantli smaller relev market similar structur link sap oracl area databas lawson resal oracl databas appear margin compar sale oracl databas sap microsoft case databas erp product commiss conclud merger lead coordin combin oracl peoplesoft sap vendor mention section market definit lawson intentia if qad microsoft suitabl altern commiss data dataset submit oracl oral hear ultim septemb show vendor won bid softwar relev market coordin competit behaviour combin oracl peoplesoft sap successfulli sustain mid market hr fm solut softwar hr fm mid market softwar market significantli player activ market high function hr fm solut supplier mid size compani includ oracl peoplesoft sap lawson intentia if qad microsoft mb sage ssa baan unit agresso fm hr hyperion system union quot sun system quot fm krono ultim midland meta rebu hr specif market share mid market applic revenu achiev basi analyst report show worldwid basi sap remain strongest player fm market combin oracl peoplesoft signific player includ sage microsoft mb hyperion system union lawson hr mid market solut combin oracl peoplesoft strongest player close sap signific player hr includ krono lawson sage microsoft mb european level impact transact give reason concern basi revenu report analyst europ sap posit stronger europ worldwid basi fm hr posit combin oracl peoplesoft weaker numer vendor repres competit constraint merg parti europ wide market hr fm mid market softwar limit strength combin oracl peoplesoft market hr fm applic adapt typic purchas mid size compani numer player activ market exclud transact lead competit concern market mid market hr fm applic irrespect exact delin market conclus commiss conclud propos concentr creat strengthen singl collect domin posit market hr fm high function solut mid market hr fm softwar commiss declar concentr compat common market eea agreement accord articl merger regul articl eea agreement oj regul amend regul ec oj oracl ea softwar run oracl databas peoplesoft sap softwar run databas oracl