commiss decis april relat proceed pursuant articl ec treati articl eea agreement case iv amp club iga iv amp club pool agreement notifi document number english text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area regard council regul februari regul implement articl treati amend act access austria finland sweden articl thereof regard formal notif neg clearanc exempt submit pursuant articl regul intern group agreement june juli request februari renew exempt grant decemb formal notif exempt intern group pool agreement juli intern group agreement octob regard public pursuant articl regul notic intern group pool agreement august similar notic intern group agreement publish octob consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit fact introduct case concern compat competit rule ec treati eea agreement arrang conclud intern group amp club hereinaft refer quot ig quot intern group pool agreement hereinaft quot pool agreement quot intern group agreement hereinaft quot iga quot iga origin notifi commiss commiss grant formal exempt year expir februari ig request renew exempt june commiss address statement object ig pool agreement iga breach competit rule ec treati statement object preced complaint pool agreement submit greek ship cooper committe quot gscc quot ship organis establish london deal matter affect ship ultim own greek interest adopt statement object ig decid amend arrang order compli ec eea competit rule notifi amend version pool agreement juli iga octob enter forc februari parti protect amp indemn club amp club mutual profit make associ provid protect amp indemn amp insur member shipown amp club govern board repres member dai dai manag hand profession manag appoint board intern group ig amp club worldwid associ amp club amp club member ig uk bermuda luxembourg norwai unit state america japan sweden market amp insur direct marin insur divid broad area cover risk damag vessel hull machineri suchlik offer commerci insur call protect amp indemn amp insur cover contractu parti liabil tradition insur shipown mutual associ amp club protect amp indemn gener concept includ insur type risk injuri death crew passeng collis damag vessel damag parti properti harbour equip pollut cargo expens wreck remov amp insur provid type cover singl contract worldwid tonnag european eu efta tonnag insur amp club member ig present offer cover eur billion usd billion worldwid market share individu ig amp club rang uk mutual american club breakdown figur amp club polici year gt tabl gt remain tonnag insur small independ amp mutual associ maritim commerci insur insur amp liabil independ amp mutual associ focu specif type vessel dry cargo coastal fish vessel offer low level amp cover largest insur ocean marin mutual associ amp club member ig independ offer insur specif type vessel instanc shipown mutual protect smp remov fish vessel ig arrang cover usd million commerci insur lloyd syndic southern sea chubb insur terra nova hih provid direct amp insur market share present insignific agreement pool agreement pool agreement essenc claim share agreement mutual associ purpos share proportion amp club claim made club excess amount sign time amp club incorpor unit kingdom modifi time club adher amp club parti pool agreement remain member ig smp luxembourg indirectli particip reinsur club claim share arrang claim share arrang layer insur coverag eur million usd million claim born club member incur liabil club quot retent quot claim face club fall layer number period excess claim eur million usd million eur million usd million share club pool agreement claim year fallen layer excess claim eur million usd million eur billion usd billion cover group gener excess loss reinsur contract agre collect club commerci insur claim year reach layer excess claim amount excess reinsur eur billion usd billion share club pool agreement quot overspil quot claim reach layer qualif quot quot eur billion usd billion ceil set overspil explain ceil fix figur overspil claim aris member contribut maximum liabil face articl intern convent limit liabil maritim claim claus pool agreement articl set seri maximum amount face ship owner singl catastroph base tonnag ship concern eur billion usd billion figur arriv ad maximum liabil figur ship insur amp club particip pool agreement retent layer total claim born club member incur liabil layer claim share club rule eur million usd million eur million usd million claim share percentag club claim tonnag total call factor account final percentag method call formula qualif formula loss ratio adjust take account past club question receiv contribut effect contribut member eur million usd million eur million usd million club incur claim receiv penalti claus appendix vi pool agreement cost group gener excess loss reinsur contract share club tonnag insur club rate paid tonn depend type vessel vessel past produc claim reach level higher rate ton fact tanker produc claim reach level rate ton higher overspil claim apport club proport club limit club bear aggreg club limit calcul method explain recit note event case quot overspil quot claim club entitl deduct contribut amount quot econom recover quot member claus pool agreement panel expert determin amount quot econom recover quot case disagr club claus pool agreement claus limit exposur club claim prevent club pai sum collect full minimum common level cover explain point member amp club particip pool agreement oblig share claim mound eur billion usd billion februari figur set eur billion usd billion maximum liabil intern convent limit liabil maritim claim statement object commiss consid high minimum level cover contrari articl imped club compet offer level cover lower eur billion usd billion substanti demand exist consid agreement high common level cover abus pursuant articl collect domin posit held amp club consist limit rang insur cover market prejudic consum reaction statement object ig club agre lower minimum common level cover eur billion usd billion eur billion usd billion ig notifi amend pool agreement make clear amp club free pool agreement offer higher level cover minimum common level compet provid level amend claus appendix iii pool agreement free pool agreement offer lower level individu club rule approv pool agreement includ claus concern method share claim amp club directli relat insur polici condit quot rule quot club subject approv member pool agreement claus pool agreement present quarter amp club decid withhold benefit pool amp club rule account practic approv insur provis pool agreement includ provis club provid insur insur mutual insur commerci origin includ object condit fulfil mutual insur amp club provid insur condit includ commerci insur allow ig discrimin commerci insur provid insur addit pool agreement includ procedur rule ensur amp club compli object condit set mutual insur statement object commiss consid lack object criteria procedur pool agreement govern possibl club provid insur insur constitut infring articl treati ig notifi amend relev provis amend appendix pool agreement amend provid club provid insur insur submit applic ig parti pool agreement decid insur satisfi condit condit gener appli mutual commerci insur gener insur financi sound amp cover offer similar offer ig club make equit contribut pool claim excess loss contract premium addit insur mutual favcur law countri restrict freedom choic insur owner vessel countri oper genuin mutual profit make basi experi polici regard claimshandl compat amp club abid term iga commerci insur favour law countri restrict freedom choic insur owner vessel countri insur club respons claimshandl rate mutual basi shipown behalf insur procedur subcommitte ig make recommend applic dai receipt relev inform period extend dai renew period club vote basi recommend decis neg insur refus insur written notic effect dai vote notic state reason refus insur appeal refus appeal consid arbitr decid club appli condit list reason manner parti design arbitr dai request arbitr submit design dai appoint senior lawyer experienc commerci insur matter arbitr determin procedur act due expedit give decis write state reason decis bind charact intern group agreement iga origin iga gentlemen agreement reach club establish rule method offer amp cover shipown member club begin written agreement member intern group establish rule parti pool agreement main featur point quotat procedur iga limit freedom amp club quot rate shipown vessel insur club order attract rate contribut vessel make element cost claim born amp club insur cost claim face club retent level cost claim share club pool agreement cost insur case specif charg club administr cost contribut estim begin polici year paid instal begin polici year shipown pai vessel initi share advanc call shipown pai contribut supplementari call stage typic year club total liabil administr cost invest incom year iga prescrib quot insur vessel februari polici year start februari movement club effect date club quot lower rate quot club present insur vessel question quot hold club quot expert committe conven club consid hold club rate unreason high committe compos member club directli concern independ expert appoint ig procedur introduc commiss request club quot club quot quot lower rate offer quot hold club quot reach bind agreement shipown septemb club notifi hold club dai hold club consid club rate unreason low appeal expert committe statement object issu june maintain procedur contrari articl treati prevent amp club compet relat rate quot indispens proper function pool agreement appear procedur introduc increas competit satisfactorili earli year request quotat vessel made septemb case procedur effect move club recent year procedur complet abandon ig notifi amend quotat procedur reduc scope februari quotat procedur polici year longer appli element cost born amp club present limit cost claim insur mean club intern administr cost quotat procedur amend quotat procedur club remain free charg specif administr cost includ distinct cost element rate quot begin year financ invest incom case club administr cost account supplementari call set case iga quotat procedur appli rate exclus element intern administr cost case amend quotat procedur enabl club lower administr cost offer lower rate effect level advanc call payabl shipown case club includ rate specif element administr cost amend auotat procedur benefit shipown chang club benefit decreas administr cost expect club enjoi respect polici year move ig expect case situat practic effect chang quotat procedur club futur choos quot rate includ specif element administr cost amend quotat procedur supplement provis aim increas transpar level administr cost amp club club calcul yearli year averag expens ratio express percentag administr cost repres premium incom invest incom ratio includ publish account club provid club quot rate vessel insur club club hold club calcul averag expens ratio administr cost invest incom defin accord applic commun account direct council direct eec decemb annual account consolid account insur undertak administr cost mean expenditur incur oper club expenditur incur deal claim potenti claim includ commiss brokerag acquisit expens depreci invest incom mean capit currenc gain loss realis earn financi year relat expenditur quotat tanker iga includ special rule quotat tanker ig recommend annual reason minimum provis respect claim tanker share pool agreement iga prescrib explicitli quotat tanker make fair adequ provis relev element cost claus set procedur enabl club refer expert committe accept insur tanker club case committe entitl decid club insur tanker made fair adequ provis element cost claus referr expert committe place ig notifi amend ensur consist rule amend propos earlier quotat procedur begin busi year iga prescrib quotat tanker make fair adequ provis relev element cost intern administr cost releas call shipown leav club oblig cover share liabil incur club year member moment leav liabil undetermin iga allow shipown choos option provid bank guarante pai releas call fix club consid call unreason high appeal expert committe compos explain recit procedur ig amp club submit notif arrang commiss june iga agreement ancillari pool agreement insur agreement includ appendix pool agreement recit cover pool agreement formal notifi preliminari examin commiss conclud iga contain number claus exempt pursuant articl februari open proceed applic statement object prior decis pursuant articl regul withdraw benefit exempt fine decemb union greek shipown greek ship cooper committe gscc enter procedur lodg formal complaint iga juli commiss issu statement object substanc case hold provis iga infring articl satisfi condit exempt contain articl substanti modif instanc introduct septemb procedur iga adopt forc februari agreement notifi exempt year grant commiss decis eec ig amp club request renew exempt februari investig case notic publish offici journal european commun juli invit interest parti submit observ concern rais gscc decemb decid transform comment formal complaint date comment receiv union greek shipown ug ocean marin independ amp mutual june commiss address statement object ig rule pool agreement iga contrari commun competit rule ig repli septemb oral hear held april addit ig gscc ug ocean marin interven juli ig formal notifi pool agreement amend result negoti commiss august commiss publish notic pursuant articl regul intend adopt favour posit notifi pool agreement septemb ig formal advis commiss intend notifi number amend introduc intern group agreement view octob commiss publish notic pursuant articl regul amend iga date ig notifi amend iga note european parliament shown consider interest present case januari mep bryan cassidi introduc written question mep karl von wogau ask oral question session march final resolut adopt march state usd billion catastroph quot put risk amp club quot urg commiss quot studi solut problem fulli respect pollut pai principl quot quot question articl exempt light conclus studi quot final mep cassidi introduc written question januari oral question ask session mep floru wijsenbeek legal assess articl articl treati agreement undertak object effect restrict competit common market prohibit affect trade member state agreement exempt satisfi condit set articl agreement undertak pool agreement iga agreement amp club consid profit make undertak perform econom activ fact compet mutual profit make insur segment amp insur busi court justic held fedetab judgment octob profit make entiti engag econom activ consid undertak mean articl join case van landewyck commiss paragraph market definit restrict competit mean articl treati assess context relev market relev market assess case product geograph point view defin product market demand side analysi demand side direct marin insur divid product market hull amp insur cover tradition consid separ shipown obtain hull insur commerci insur creat mutual associ order share amp risk maritim hull insur consid separ market commiss decis eec lloyd underwrit associ institut london underwrit amp insur demand side theoret divid specif segment type vessel insur tanker fish vessel dry cargo type cover properti damag pollut crew injuri level cover unlimit limit level fact standardis insur tailor made product adapt characterist insur direct hull amp insur distinguish marin insur demand type insur case demand shipown profession insur marin insur provid specialist insur case provid amp insur fact amp club offer insur small independ amp mutual suppli side analysi suppli side analys condit amp insur offer similar type insur insur start provid amp insur short notic case product market widen includ type insur regulatori barrier enter amp market firm provid life insur signific type barrier relev amp insur requir featur insur compani develop short period time featur basic technic knowledg amp risk larg network repres import world harbour solv effici amp claim sophist claim handl unit importantli larg economi scale provis high level amp insur gener insur matter scale order provid insur specif type risk insur cover minimum number unit minimum number unit spread risk larg reduc volatil claim ensur claim follow regular pattern establish observ past word insur minimum number unit high probabl face unforeseen claim frequenc intens claim receiv reproduc past pattern minimum dimens higher catastroph risk risk larg intens low frequenc normal field amp insur minimum scale requir offer cover high relat market dimens word economi scale repres import barrier entri reach minimum scale insur face import cost recov entri fail sunk cost enter market insur oblig satisfi claim deriv polici underwritten sunk cost equal differ premium receiv calcul past pattern claim satisfi minimum scale reach entri fail differ signific claim volatil estim pattern reproduc gener proposit economi scale amp insur remain valid economi decreas level cover offer diminish combin barrier restrain life insur compani specialist insur oper amp insur market marin hull insur develop expertis claim facil order cover amp risk easili type insur lower level amp cover economi scale small oper market fact explain minor provid amp insur eur million usd million regard market insur amp direct insur economi scale main barrier entri regulatori technic barrier plai signific role consequ amp club provid insur amp insur marin insur reach mirimum dimens provid practic marin insur provid insur low level cover independ amp mutual insur amp club eur billion usd billion insur higher level cover provid present amp club geograph market market contractu parti maritim damag insur worldwid scope shipown gener ensur fleet term offer amp club matter club locat present intern group amp club small amp independ insur cover vessel regist world market amp insur worldwid scope conclus conclud amp insur repres singl worldwid product market substitut marin insur product demand suppli point view weak limit degre suppli side substitut marin hull insur relat low level amp insur eur million usd million independ amp mutual commerci insur oper regard amp insur distinct made level cover offer usd billion amp insur consid part wider worldwid market marin insur higher level marin insur reach present minimum dimens offer amp insur consequ amp insur level higher eur billion usd billion consid distinct market restrict competit pool agreement claim share agreement pool agreement entail agreement parti number aspect insur activ inher claim share agreement member decid common polici condit level cover offer agreement prevent offer insur product claim share agreement agreement consid anti competit claim share member provid type insur provid restrict competit member pool actual potenti competitor unabl insur risk cover pool claim share strengthen competit insur provid cover put resourc common creat player extent claim share violat articl restrict impos parti claim share agreement indispens proper function claim share cover articl consid ancillari inher claim share instanc judgment court decemb case gøttrup klim dansk landbrug grovvareselskab restrict proper function cooper consid cover articl indispens claim share ig amp club analys claim share ig amp club cover worldwid vessel tonnag amp club provid amp insur eur billion usd billion present conclus ig claim share arrang offer present level cover minimum dimens requir offer cover attain insur worldwid tonnag room viabl supplier cover explain recit insur present economi scale minimum number unit insur offer insur specif type risk minimum number unit reach singl insur insur agre insur type risk common case insur reinsur pool commerci insur claim share agreement mutual issu case minimum dimens provid specif type insur directli estim analys market share held insur effect provid type insur amp insur market explain recit insur take part ig independ insur ocean marin market share market largest provid low level amp cover eur million usd million constitut element comparison determin minimum dimens provid amp cover eur billion usd billion case minimum dimens provid specif level insur directli estim insur offer insur independ indirect method minimum dimens indirectli estim analys avail insur insur hold market share maximum level insur amp club determin maximum level cover club offer independ regard maximum level insur independ amp insur inform request lead london maritim broker main ig insur repli coincid indic worldwid tonnag obtain insur eur billion usd billion eur billion usd billion requir amount higher eur billion usd billion room market player offer cover present claim share amp club pro competit theoret argu insur higher level cover relat vessel bear lower risk connect broker insur request determin maximum insur hypothet club insur tanker passeng vessel type vessel produc larger claim past repli receiv limit insur hypothet club valid club includ type vessel view evid recit conclud ig claim share arrang altern provid cover eur billion usd billion doubt restrict indispens proper function claim share agreement inher restrict consid compat articl ec treati restrict inher pool agreement minimum common level cover gscc complaint statement object consid claus previou version pool agreement provid singl level cover offer club eur billion usd billion indispens proper function pool agreement restrict competit prevent club offer shipown level cover word prevent individu shipown negoti level cover want need natur risk fleet repres present pool agreement amend clarifi amp club free offer level cover higher level commonli agre eur billion usd billion amend version pool agreement longer singl level cover minimum level cover offer common parti agreement club imped longer offer higher level cover imped offer lower level cover individu claim share arrang function properli level cover offer agre member reason member share claim brought pool club higher amount bring pool happen commerci pool member pai pure premium pool vari level cover provid claim share agreement mutual charg premium workabl method forc member bring larger claim compens ig member club depriv possibl offer collect level cover member wish share claim higher level conclud addit special agreement offer higher cover addit agre lowest level cover provid claim share arrang statement object refer documentari evid show ig discuss feasibl system past addit evid repli request inform amp club acknowledg technic feasibl implement system conclud claus provid common level cover includ restrict competit mean articl club agre offer minimum level cover claim share agreement agreement function system remain free offer club level cover common approv rule account practic pool agreement includ claus provid rule applic insur polici club subject approv quarter member pool agreement claus imped amp club offer polici condit claim share agreement coinsur reinsur pool claim share agreement function properli member agre condit includ polici member forc contribut provis insur cover polici condit agre claus pool agreement stipul insur polici quot rule quot club subject approv member pool regard function ig claim share arrang joint purchas insur explain point excess claim eur million usd million eur billion usd billion cover group gener excess loss reinsur contract insur contract agre collect club commerci insur pursuant claus pool agreement repres agreement joint purchas insur common purchas suppli consid contrari articl decis eec nation sulphur acid associ commiss found joint bui pool purchas sulphur set associ group manufactur sulphur acid unit kingdom restrict competit case joint purchas agreement exempt inter alia ensur steadi suppli sulphur time shortag member pool oblig purchas full requir sulphur pool joint purchas insur inher function claim share agreement member agreement independ insur share claim case prove recit joint purchas amp club obtain insur level obtain present minimum dimens worldwid tonnag requir cover offer largest amp club present cover recit conclud joint purchas insur ig offer cover present condit fall prohibit articl intern group agreement rule relat releas call method calcul releas call state point decis eec quot give rise clear cut restrict reinforc restrict transfer club rule restrict abil oper avail opportun seek rate offer club level releas call claim hold club event withdraw fact constitut deterr transfer club quot event rule relat releas call inher proper function pool agreement need prevent shipown left club avoid pai sum ow club cover liabil incur membership settl time withdraw rule disproportion object requir bank guarante actual payment need liabil determin challeng amount releas call independ expert committe rule make quotat vessel procedur make quotat vessel restrict freedom amp club compet rate quot vessel join iga amend restrict club determin full extent rate amend introduc iga club free quot part rate cover administr cost restrict determin remain element rate februari procedur imped amp club offer lower quotat hold club element rate administr cost expert committe consid hold club quotat element rate unreason high element rate club quotat restrict reflect cost claim paid club quotat procedur appli cost claim share club claim eur million usd million eur million usd million insur cost support individu club claim eur million usd million call retent level inher restrict claim share agreement requir degre disciplin particip agreement rate cost share club readi share claim club offer lower rate cover claim custom remain club obtain club cover cover amp club lower rate case amp club share claim eur million usd million eur million usd million purchas insur face higher claim eur billion usd billion higher claim aris overspil claim share eur billion usd billion appear agre degre disciplin set rate correspond cost disciplin achiev quotat procedur tanker recommend cost claim share pool rule disproportion object achiev quotat procedur leav hold club task set rate aim ensur club quotat cost claim undercut club share claim tanker ig step recommend annual bind rate cost claim share pool agreement rule explain specif characterist tanker risk catastroph natur tend occur rare involv larg liabil occur amend quotat procedur appli cost share club retent cost mean cost claim eur million usd million cost quotat procedur strictli keep claim share arrang place share cost ensur club undercut club achiev reduct cost level competitor cost charg lower rate price competit retent cost compon rate liabl endang claim share arrang conclud quotat procedur extend element rate reflect claim fall retent inher claim share arrang appreci restrict take account fact amp club account worldwid market amp insur limit competit come system restrict rate competit club appreci impact world wide market amp insur amend iga price competit relat part rate administr cost restrict element rate reflect cost claim fall retent appreci impact competit club retent claim repres number claim support ig recit true restrict last year year shipown move club club offer lower rate oblig offer year infer fact restrict appreci moment shipown contempl move club club gain competit advantag quot lower rate incent year argu februari procedur appreci effect competit altern procedur septemb club quot lower rate rate hold club commiss believ septemb procedur adopt experi shown procedur expect effect successfulli chang club recit matter fact surpris septemb procedur reveal remedi reason month insur renew date simpli earli club make accur quotat earli account level insur premium prevail date hold club request independ expert committe investig rate quot unreason low committe consid low penalti club quot rate extrem sever lose insur club vessel question entir year rule minimum cost tanker ig recommend annual amount provis club includ quotat reflect cost claim tanker repres pool recit recommend bind iga enabl club refer committe quotat tanker club make adequ provis element cost claim committe consid case club lose benefit pool year sanction attach find committe quotat make adequ provis element cost claim restrain club diverg recommend recommend cover retent cost reason explain recit regard appreci restrict competit inher proper function pool agreement effect trade member state ig arrang appreci effect trade member state amp club member cf ig establish member state countri member ig provid insur vessel member state countri entir commun fleet insur ig conclus restrict competit amp insur market conclus quotat procedur recommend minimum cost tanker appli retent cost repres restrict competit restrict appreci neg impact competit world wide market amp insur substanti affect trade member state fall prohibit pursuant articl treati exempt pursuant articl applic insur block exempt argu pool agreement iga cover definit reinsur agreement mean articl commiss regul eec decemb applic articl treati categori agreement decis concert practic insur sector articl defin reinsur group group set insur undertak order reinsur mutual part liabil respect risk categori fact clear commun case law insur block exempt cover claim share arrang insur mutual resolv issu case ig arrang fulfil condit requir coverag block exempt market share member substanti higher requir individu exempt ig arrang cover definit reinsur group regul eec individu exempt grant provis arrang contrari articl quotat procedur rule minimum cost tanker appli retent cost promot econom progress explain recit provid amp insur eur billion usd billion present cost insur cover market share order confront excess volatil claim obtain suffici insur insur cover larg market share pool risk insur repres market share method industri present provid cover ig arrang contribut econom progress ensur amp insur cover eur billion usd billion market avail cover eur billion usd billion benefit shipown provid cover ig satisfi world wide demand amp insur maritim transport maritim activ continu adequ coverag contract parti liabil final custom shipown passeng good carrier benefit provis level insur absenc pool arrang insur high level gener claim amount aris custom obtain compens shipown appli person suffer extra contractu damag produc shipown marin pollut indispens restrict explain recit quotat rule rule minimum cost tanker appli cost share club retent cost cost claim eur million usd million inher claim share arrang case commiss acknowledg unwork event complex burdensom devis method ensur quotat rule rule minimum cost tanker effect appli cost share pool agreement retent cost club quot rate vessel make global assess risk vessel bear word assess frequenc intens claim vessel question bring club quotat procedur rule minimum cost tanker appli element rate reflect share cost club oblig artifici make separ assess possibl vessel question claim eur million usd million risk assess base subject paramet vessel safeti measur train crew easi club manipul assess decreas rel weight retent cost increas weight share cost retent cost remain quotat procedur club decreas weight retent cost reduc rate competit tool attract custom tanker weight share cost artifici increas club adher time recommend minimum cost polic system design avoid manipul monitor carefulli risk assess made club give weight possibl claim aris retent level amount unreason quotat exercis view subject involv risk assess complex time consum exce complex task present entrust independ expert committe requir check risk assess made club reason element independ retent remain quotat procedur number controversi quotat case brought attent committe increas dramat feasibl entrust exist independ expert committe bodi creat purpos task monitor larg number controversi larg subject quotat coher expediti manner elimin competit quotat procedur recommend minimum cost tanker elimin competit market amp insur fact ig cover world wide market amp insur competit amp club competit amp club element rate reflect cost claim element subject quotat procedur import paramet competit club remain free compet price paramet level claim handl servic part rate reflect administr cost scope reduct administr cost competit part rate reflect reduct achiev economi scale effici administr pressur manag reduc profit margin rememb club manag case independ compani work profit club decid charg specif part rate administr cost offset invest cost recit competit plai part reduct administr cost reflect lower supplementari call shipown addit incorpor transpar rule recit amend iga contribut increas competit relat administr cost oblig club publish year averag expens ratio express percentag administr cost repres premium incom invest incom enabl shipown compar effici club relat part rate club freeli set choos conclus explain forego paragraph conclud quotat procedur recommend minimum cost tanker appli retent cost contrari articl treati fulfil condit articl subject individu exempt consid achiev econom advantag benefit consum brought forward pool agreement elimin competit amp insur market quotat procedur recommend minimum cost tanker appli retent cost benefit exempt long pool agreement remain order amp club reach minimum scale enabl provid level cover provid recit commiss interven revok exempt grant decis pursuant articl regul member ig collect hold market share larger minimum scale econom requir provid level cover agre moment ig case market oper creat pool agreement longer consid achiev minimum scale made clear minimum scale correspond market share ensur cover provid cost claim ton similar cost claim ton incur member ig articl articl abus undertak domin posit common market substanti part thereof prohibit affect trade member state domin posit court justic judgment case hoffmann la roch commiss paragraph domin posit quot posit econom strength enjoi undertak enabl hinder mainten effect competit relev market allow behav appreci extent independ competitor custom ultim consum posit preclud competit enabl undertak profit determin appreci influenc condit competit develop case act larg disregard long conduct act detriment quot domin posit held singl compani group court instanc defin collect domin posit quot independ econom entiti specif market unit econom link virtu fact hold domin posit vi vi oper market quot judgment join case società italian vetro commiss recent repeat court judgment octob join case compagni maritim belg commiss upheld commiss decis eec cewal find exist collect domin posit case ship confer found decis eec french west african shipown committe amp club member ig independ entiti unit strong econom link virtu fact hold domin posit world market amp direct insur world market amp insur level higher eur billion usd billion recit descript relev market amp club member ig conclud claim share arrang creat strong econom link share claim brought member level follow specif common procedur offer insur member amp club purchas insur common agre insur condit provid member cooper aspect amp insur agre common insur condit offer singl level cover adopt uniform line action market collect posit held ig amp club domin court justic judgment case akzo chemi bv commiss paragraph hoffmann la roch paragraph quot import market share vari market view legitim larg market share save except circumst evid exist domin posit quot akzo case court ad quot market share amount quot strength market share figur ig amp club insur world fleet hold domin posit world wide market amp insur present judgment hoffmann la roch paragraph court justic held big dispar firm share largest competitor relev factor measur degre market power possess clear case differ ig market share competitor signific case factor identifi hoffmann la roch judgment paragraph give extra weight conclus ig hold signific amount market power capac offer level amp cover competitor acquir wide experi reput offer amp insur hundr year thirdli present world wide network correspond strength addit larg market share ig amp club hold clear domin posit behav larg extent independ competitor abus domin posit statement object maintain ig arrang led abus domin posit limit level cover offer provis insur discriminatori term explain recit view amend pool agreement longer argu ig arrang give rise abus domin posit exclud possibl ig member act indulg abus collect domin posit commerci behaviour object decis limit assess notifi arrang exploit abus limit product offer market agreement singl level cover ig exploit custom offer singl insur product left substanti share demand unsatisfi constitut abus mean articl treati recal commiss decid level cover provid ig commiss interven matter clear uncontroversi evid substanti share demand depriv servic manifestli ig exploit domin posit abus case explain recit pool agreement clarifi amp club free offer individu lower higher level cover conclud cooper arrang find purpos ig adopt minimum common level cover eur billion usd billion substanti share demand remain unsatisfi shipown organis world submit view issu commiss complain level cover part greek control fleet account world wide tonnag remain dissatisfi level cover conclus reinforc fact object pint view level cover consid incap meet custom argu overspil claim aris larg share ship industri bankrupt meet call previou level cover eur billion usd billion explain rate charg amp club account cost overspil claim member amp club share cost claim materialis case lower limit cover eur billion usd billion evid expect ship industri face claim eur billion usd billion experi past larg claim infer full claim paid singl year period year depend pace settlement claim club hold import reserv satisfi part share overspil claim reserv februari amount eur billion reduc burden individu shipown thirdli case past occas oil crisi industri cope increas cost similar magnitud overspil claim final claim repres vessel minor share yearli oper cost lower forc bankruptci view consid rule minimum common level cover give rise infring articl treati exclusionari abus provis insur discriminatori term pool agreement independ amp insur obtain insur member ig condit fulfil statement object consid pool agreement includ object discriminatori condit decid commerci amp insur obtain insur member condit consid object relat independ mutual amp insur addit pool agreement includ procedur rule independ amp insur commerci mutual check ig rule insur properli appli oblig commun refus insur write reason appeal procedur absenc object condit procedur safeguard pool agreement consid abus domin posit mean articl treati explain present ig entiti market offer amp cover eur billion usd billion independ insur reach minimum dimens offer cover independ insur obtain insur larg amp cover ow limit market share view ig easili distort competit decid basi object condit independ insur provid insur explain recit ig includ object condit relat provis insur commerci insur establish adequ procedur independ amp insur request insur ig ensur time manner monitor complianc condit properli perform ig posit request dai receipt relev inform period extend dai renew period decis neg insur infus insur written notic state reason refus insur appeal refus view consid rule insur independ amp insur longer give rise infring articl treati articl agreement european econom area articl eea agreement agreement undertak object effect restrict competit territori cover agreement prohibit affect trade state parti agreement articl eea agreement commiss decid case articl agreement commerci agreement question affect trade member state turnov undertak concern territori efta state turnov eea territori case turnov obtain amp club efta territori turnov eea territori commiss assess ig infring articl eea agreement end argument develop decis relat articl appli case articl eea agreement articl eea agreement abus undertak domin posit territori cover agreement substanti part prohibit articl eea agreement commiss decid case articl agreement domin exist territori commun efta state turnov domin undertak territori efta state turnov eea territori case amp club hold world wide collect domin posit turnov efta state turnov eea area commiss decid infring articl eea agreement end argument set decis relat articl appli case articl eea agreement adopt decis articl basi fact possess commiss ground action pursuant articl treati pursuant articl eea agreement respect amend pool agreement intern group agreement quot iga quot except rule quotat procedur minimum cost tanker appli retent cost articl basi fact possess commiss ground action articl ec treati pursuant articl eea agreement respect pool agreement iga amend articl pursuant articl ec treati articl eea agreement provis articl ec treati articl eea agreement declar inapplic rule quotat procedur minimum cost tanker includ iga amend appli retent cost exempt valid februari date latest notifi amend pool agreement iga enter forc februari articl intern group amp club inform commiss year amend addit notifi agreement conclus agreement group ig send commiss annual report explain pool agreement remain amp cclub provid level cover agre moment report includ detail explan evolut market protect indemn quot amp quot direct insur insur regard amp direct insur report includ market share level cover provid ig member estim market share level cover provid parti provid regard amp insur report explain structur group gener excess loss reinsur contract layer insur premium paid insur take part share estim level cover provid amp oper ig provid annual detail statist inform function quotat procedur rule provid quotat tanker articl decis address intern group amp club fenchurch street london ec bt unit kingdom brussel april commiss karel van miert member commiss oj oj oj chart aggreg data standard london europ bermuda steamship mutual london europ bermuda skuld norwai bermuda articl establish tabl rang usd ship gross ton usd million ship gross ton septemb procedur request transfer request transfer request data request transfer request transfer request transfer request transfer request oj oj oj oj annex oj oj oj ecr oj ecr oj oj ecr ecr ii ecr ii oj oj ecr