commiss decis juli declar compat common market concentr case iv tetra pak alfa laval council regul eec english text authent eec commiss european commun regard treati establish european econom commun regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak articl thereof regard commiss decis march initi proceed case consult advisori committe concentr natur proceed proceed concern concentr notifi commiss pursuant articl council regul eec notif effect februari concentr consist propos acquisit tetra pak intern sa share capit alfa laval ab public bid ii parti financi year figur tetra pak switzerland world wide turnov ecu million ecu million gener commun tetra pak activ limit system packag liquid food product main categori liquid packag machin produc tetra pak packag liquid asept steril condit packag liquid pasteur milk freshli squeez fruit juic alfa laval ab swedish compani quot stockholm stock exchang year figur world wide turnov ecu million ecu million gener commun alfa laval world lead manufactur process equip activ divid separ area industri alfa laval produc main type industri process equip autom dose analys flow equip separ thermal equip food alfa laval produc type machin food process industri product manufactur storag pasteur dairi product fruit juic oil fat wine beer fish meat wide rang food agricultur equip alfa laval lead produc process control equip sector iii concentr commun dimens implement tetra pak public bid purchas entir share capit alfa laval constitut concentr mean articl regul eec hereinaft refer regul threshold set articl regul met parti achiev third aggreg commun wide turnov member state notifi oper commun dimens iv analysi introduct commiss examin horizont vertic relationship product rang alfa laval tetra pak limit horizont effect result concentr relat packag liquid soup compani process capabl oper vertic term alfa laval sell technic engin servic machin industri stainless steel pipe valv clamp heat exchang product tetra pak manufactur packag machin due limit overlap compani respect limit market posit sector identifi commiss consid relat horizont vertic overlap product rang compani oper rais problem regard compat common market technic speak vertic relationship tetra pak alfa laval limit set compani produc equip complementar point view consum alfa laval produc equip process milk juic packag tetra pak produc machin packag milk juic merg undertak offer fuller product rang cover machin dairi juic produc fulli determin natur extent potenti effect flow vertic complementar reason lead commiss open proceed case pursuant articl regul march decis open proceed commiss identifi matter requir depth investig abil offer fuller product rang actual potenti competitor constitut signific advantag tetra pak futur sale packag machin creat strenghten domin posit market machin respect carton question consid merit care scrutini tetra pak exist high market share market packag carton ii sale milk juic process equip merg compani acquir possibl offer fuller product rang includ process packag equip constitut signific advantag sell process equip oper creat strengthen domin posit market type process machin effect concentr tetra pak oper introduct commiss examin effect concentr market tetra pak activ commiss consid market constitut relev product market purpos analys concentr pursuant regul market machin packag liquid food carton asept condit market carton machin market machin packag liquid food carton asept condit market carton machin definit relev market asept packag machin carton technic advanc machin packag asept liquid semi liquid carton box whilst ensur micro organ introduc liquid question machin present larg extent packag milk treat uht ultra high temperatur process asept treat juic substitut machin examin commiss asept packag machin packag medium glass plastic asept packag machin carton glass plastic closest substitut market defin product form part relev market purpos examin notif unnecessari examin perfect substitut product metal can order assess mention substitut asept carton packag machin fact constitut reason altern commiss undertaken widespread inquiri involv send detail questionnair larg number dairi situat commun princip competitor alfa laval tetra pak alfa laval tetra pak asept packag machin reason substitut asept packag machin element show demand elast categori low repres reason substitut natur end product shelf life liquid packag asept longer shelf life packag asept typic asept milk month whilst asept treat milk month ii distribut method differ shelf life stabil asept asept packag product signific repercuss distribut method asept packag juic milk time refriger asept packag product requir care reason difficult purchas end product switch order asept packag product asept short medium term respons small signific price rise undertak substitut invest addit refriger distribut sale facil iii tast asept packag liquid expens asept packag due larg higher distribut storag wastag displai cost indic natur finish product tast term natur packag process princip import purchas final product iv packag process account final product price milk juic rise total cost packag machin carton result price increas final product price explain final custom retail view asept asept end product partial extent substitut inter alia reason connect price larg price rise packag cost asept system signific shift demand retail asept liquid asept liquid due asept packag machin nonasept machin part investig commiss ask larg number dairi asept asept packag machin supplier state expect respons increas price asept packag machin sector gener repli price elast demand asept asept packag machin low respond consid price increas greater lead chang futur purchas plan asept asept packag system light commiss conclud asept packag machin repres realist reason substitut asept packag machin asept packag machin packag medium carton reason substitut carton base system asept liquid packag carton repres total asept packag liquid packag asept liquid plastic glass commiss examin extent packag method repres reason substitut carton asept packag inform commiss product form part relev product market market purpos case repres imperfect substitut carton packag system reason physic characterist packag carton packag asept product produc brick rectangular form mean transport displai store smaller area glass plastic bottl carton packag lighter glass bottl take space glass plastic bottl transport cost lower carton glass plastic packag ii environment concern glass bottl consid benefit environment profil carton commiss examin expect carton packag system replac glass bottl system forese futur environment reason conclud case repli commiss questionnair purchas lesse produc packag machin expect substitut futur iii explain packag cost repres small part total retail cost asept packag liquid decis retail purchas liquid packag medium affect limit extent small signific price increas carton asept packag system iv dairi packag machin manufactur ask number question determin extent signific price rise asept carton packag system result signific demand shift carton asept packag system repli demand price elast product categori low respond consid price increas greater lead chang futur purchas plan asept carton asept glass plastic packag system light commiss conclud asept plastic glass packag machin constitut part product market asept carton packag machin purpos examin notif geograph refer market asept packag machin tetra pak princip competitor pkl verpackungssystem gmbh sold commun commiss awar signific differ type natur machin tetra pak pkl suppli part commun similar distribut system compani machin commun commiss conclud condit competit commun product question suffici homogen assum geograph refer market purpos examin concentr commun domin posit introduct determin tetra pak hold domin posit relev product market defin commiss examin number factor set articl regul pertin analysi market share tetra pak present market share exceed market leas sale asept carton packag machin tetra pak held market share consider period time size import exist competitor market share high strong indic exist domin posit rare circumst high market share necessarili result domin suffici activ competitor present market compani larg market share prevent act appreci extent independ pressur typic competit market commiss identifi actual competitor tetra pak relev market pkl pkl small compani limit financi materi asset pkl consid effect competitor tetra pak unabl meet order short term signific part market inabl act quickli chang demand limit pkl role real restraint tetra pak commerci freedom machin tetra pak pkl significantli technic term tetra pak continu roll machin offer increas conveni handl carton blank packag liquid unabl packag liquid particul suppli side substitut barrier entri commiss examin potenti entrant relev product geograph refer market determin threat entri suffici intens depriv tetra pak abil act appreci extent independ market pressur characterist domin commiss identifi potenti entrant consid barrier entri suffici high prevent potenti entrant significantli limit tetra pak freedom action short term reason view tetra pak own patent product asept carton packag machin valuabl patent potenti entrant repli commiss questionnair factor foremost mind potenti purchas carton asept packag machin decid machin purchas manufactur question proven track record breakdown packag machin steril lead product unsal milk involv consider financi loss fault appar machin manufactur abil demonstr proven track record steril end product import repli questionnair dairi tetra pak proven track record make difficult short term manufactur enter market carton asept packag machin complex piec machineri consider special resourc invest enter market matur market inbuilt conserv natur potenti entrant face consider risk invest outlai exce return factor expect diminish likelihood entri futur commiss knowledg except elopak shikoku manufactur asept carton packag machin trade activ commun enter commun market futur light commiss consid occurr entri market mean respect tetra pak constrain act appreci extent independ competitor custom ultim consum conclus commiss conclud tetra pak hold domin posit market asept carton packag machin commun strengthen exist domin posit tetra pak hold posit great market power commiss examin carefulli oper strengthen posit face high degre domin commiss vigil circumst small increas market power disproportion larg neg effect competit condit market place commiss examin oper give tetra pak market advantag integr asept carton packag machin supplier limit growth exist competitor rais barrier entri potenti competitor concern case barrier entri technic commerci market asept carton packag machin high creation addit entri barrier foreclos market potenti competitor signific concern detail investig undertaken commiss lead conclus fact creation full line process packag machin capabl singl undertak fact confer tetra pak advantag real signific increas difficulti entri penetr actual potenti competitor underli reason categori machin distinct separ technic commerci term factor explain reason conclus process packag machin purchas simultan abil offer machin potenti signific commun market process line matur figur commiss total packag machin purchas occur simultan process machin purchas year inevit reduc insignific potenti advantag tetra pak result concentr purchas asept carton packag machin ask put order import factor relev brand asept carton packag machin purchas price reliabl speed invari abil offer packag process machin singl undertak consid import choic ask make similar classif circumst packag process machin purchas simultan abil offer process packag machin consid import suggest factor number larg strong actual potenti competitor present market process machin actual potenti competitor tetra pak perceiv advantag flow offer packag process machin real possibl exist pertin note actual potenti competitor tetra pak asept carton packag market consid expans entri prospect disadvantag concentr interfac asept packag machin asept process machin complic technic engin term simpl oper chang tetra pak machin manufactur ensur interfac effici exist process machin process machin manufactur alfa laval respect import note technolog asept process machin basic real risk alfa laval asept process machin made difficult interfac packag machin tetra pak dairi juic processor typic larg undertak signific bui power light factor commiss conclud concentr reinforc tetra pak exist domin posit market arriv conclus commiss overlook decis eec tetra pak btg juli upheld court instanc judgment juli case case found tetra pak abus domin posit asept carton packag market acquir compani hold licenc packag process prevent competitor gain access technolog commiss consid merger creat structur facilit abus tetra pak activ relat asept machin carton blank market asept carton packag machin tetra pak high market share lower market asept carton packag machin connect asept packag machin process line simpler asept packag machin process line reason concentr reinforc tetra pak domin posit asept market appli greater extent asept market light commiss consid oper creat strengthen domin posit tetra pak asept carton packag market market carton blank constitut separ relev product market purpos commiss assess case good reason conclud tetra pak domin market carton blank asept packag machin exist domin posit direct result tetra pak strength packag machin market present tetra pak carton blank asept packag machin manufactur hold gener market carton blank asept packag machin benefit exist product distribut market infrastructur size unavail competitor overrid import steril mainten purchas benefit consider advantag sell carton machin due consequ steril failur custom tendenc purchas carton machin produc oper creat strengthen domin posit market asept packag machin strengthen domin posit carton market result concentr effect concentr alfa laval oper relev product market alfa laval produc wide rang process equip number industri concern commiss case relat effect result vertic complementar tetra pak asept packag machin machin produc alfa laval preced tetra pak machin process line examin milk process machin sector commiss identifi number stage milk pass process asept packag stage involv machin fall product categori substitut machin categori stage type machin repres separ remov fat milk cream standard equip ensur standard fat content milk cream plate heat exchang destroi pathogen bacteria danger human result product packag pasteuris milk asept packag machin asept process unit unit destroi micro organ respons rapid decai milk uht unit heat milk cool quickli milk packag asept shelf life month commiss awar altern classif process machin make milk line put forward machin pump valv storag tank control system includ inform commiss possess alfa laval posit market appreci abovement market exhibit similar technic market characterist defin light commiss consid inclus exclus product addit relev product market affect transact affect analysi figur purpos analysi notifi concentr commiss consid relev product market alfa laval milk process machin activ machin categori mention similar reason classif equal applic analys effect concentr juic process sector geograph refer market machin sold abovement categori materi ident commun similar distribut system compani machin commun commiss conclud condit competit commun product question suffici homogen assum geograph refer market purpos examin notif commun domin posit market share inform commiss market share product categori question separ westfalia alfa laval standard equip alfa laval apv heat exchang alfa laval apv asept process system alfa laval finnah apv stork size import competitor number larg import effect competitor oper relev market list competitor apv larg compani substanti resourc note relat separ standard equip asept process system alfa laval hold larg market share suppli side substitut neighbour market high degre suppli side substitut suppli separ standard equip plate heat exchang milk process suppli similar equip purpos includ brew food process pharmaceut machin industri requir modif dairi sector compani produc machin high percentag relev turnov dairi juic industri potenti market entrant technic knowledg manufactur separ standard equip plate heat exchang asept process machin difficult acquir market capit consider technic regulatori entri barrier relev decis potenti entrant enter abovement market conclus light conclud relat relev product market set whilst alfa laval hold lead posit relev market present hold degre market power act appreci extent independ competitor custom ultim consum prior concentr alfa laval hold domin posit strenghten present oper creation domin posit alfa laval commiss undertaken widespread detail inquiri determin abil offer packag process machin singl undertak give merg compani advantag competitor liquid food process machin period time expect acquir domin posit market identifi result inquiri lead conclus fact domin posit creat reason abil offer process packag machin confer alfa laval advantag competitor domin posit expect develop parallel explain relat tetra pak asept packag oper true relat factor sale full line instal turn kei instal repres total sale process equip technolog packag process machin significantli interfac connect packag process machin complic dairi juic processor signific bui power due low tech natur process machin easi substitut machin separ standard equip plate heat exchang asept process unit manufactur milk line made machin supplier real advantag purchas line singl purchas purchas type process machin ask put order import factor relev question brand asept carton packag machin purchas price reliabl speed invari abil offer packag process machin consid import choic ask make similar classif circumst packag process machin purchas simultan abil offer process packag machin singl undertak consid import suggest factor light factor commiss consid concentr creat domin posit market liquid food process equip identifi result effect competit significantli imped common market conclus commiss conclud notifi concentr compat common market mean articl regul adopt decis articl notifi concentr tetra pak alfa laval declar compat common market articl decis address tetra pak intern sa avenu général guisan po box ch pulli lausann switzerland alfa laval ab po box stockholm sweden brussel juli commiss leon brittan vice presid oj rectifi version oj oj oj ecr ii publish version decis inform hereinaft omit pursuant provis articl regul eec disclosur busi secret