council regul ec decemb amend withdraw authoris antibiot direct eec addit feedingstuff council european union regard treati establish european commun regard act access articl conjunct annex xv titl vii thereof regard council direct eec novemb addit feedingstuff articl thereof regard propos commiss kingdom sweden authoris annex xv act access maintain legisl forc access decemb regard prohibit feedingstuff addit belong group antibiot februari sweden submit applic adjust accompani detail scientif ground antibiot avilamycin bacitracin zinc flavophospholipol ardacin avoparcin spiramycin tylosin phosphat virginiamycin commiss requir decis adjust applic submit sweden decemb articl direct eec member state result inform reassess exist inform made provis question adopt detail ground establish addit list direct constitut danger anim human health environ temporarili suspend authoris addit republ finland expiri derog grant act access prohibit territori tylosin phosphat spiramycin feedingstuff januari basi detail ground submit march oblig laid act access januari kingdom denmark prohibit territori virginiamycin feedingstuff commun detail ground decis member state commiss march april virtu articl direct eec authoris addit reason human anim health restrict medic veterinari purpos authoris glycopeptid avoparcin withdrawn januari interim protect measur precaut prohibit review commiss decemb basi result investig develop resist antibiot glycopeptid programm surveil antimicrobi resist anim receiv antibiot carri person respons put addit concern circul commiss receiv inform date reason prohibit review decid precaut januari renew authoris glycopeptid ardacin result research carri avoparcin commiss consult scientif committe anim nutrit scan tylosin phosphat spiramycin reason anim human health restrict veterinari medicin examin finnish ground prohibit macrolid feed addit committe state opinion februari data present provid suffici evid macrolid feed addit present signific risk human anim health absenc suffici research data epidemiolog spread macrolid resist reason ban substanc question addit scan acknowledg wider macrolid feed addit long run contribut select pressur resist bacteria significantli larger extent result macrolid veterinari therapi scan acknowledg probabl resist enterococci erm resist gene transfer anim human higher higher preval resist enterococci anim scan opinion possibl increas resist pool anim level pose risk human proven disprov risk expect demonstr scan note tylosin resist enterococci isol pig simultan resist erythromycin import macrolid antibiot human medicin notabl treatment respiratori infect find cross resist lincosamid streptogramin test finland macrolid resist enterococci literatur encod erm gene confer resist lincosamid streptogramin clinic problem human medicin enterococci resist macrolid includ major resist streptogramin lincosamid clinic human medicin lincomycin clindamycin streptogramin clinic import human medicin treatment resort vancomycin resist enterococci pristinamycin combin dalfopristin quinupristin scan note experi mice shown vivo transfer erythromycin resist enterococci bacteria specifi erythromycin resist anim enterococci colonis human longer shorter time period transfer macrolid resist gene resid bacteri flora human notabl human bacteria staphylococci group streptococci constitut clinic problem human medicin directli ingest gene exchang environ frequenc transfer estim light abovement factor commiss part take view suffici ground ban risk reduc effect human medicin product erythromycin possibl lincomycin clindamycin pristinamycin combin dalfopristin quinupristin due authoris human medicin product shortli result select cross resist caus tylosin phosphat spiramycin avoid spiramycin human medicin resist select spiramycin addit increas pool spiramycin resist transfer anim human make spiramycin effect human medicin commiss consult scan streptogramin resist faecium staphylococci select virginiamycin growth promot constitut public health risk present constitut risk streptogramin pivot role treatment human infect futur examin ground put forward committe conclud opinion juli virginiamycin growth promot constitut real risk public health denmark denmark provid evid substanti transfer streptogramin resist organ anim origin resid human digest tract compromis futur human medicin product stress streptogramin denmark exist therapeut treatment treat enterococci staphylococci infect effect scan acknowledg reservoir resist gene anim popul pose potenti risk human contrari commiss opinion full risk assess made quantit evid extent transfer antimicrobi resist livestock sourc obtain scan concern develop vancomycin resist enterococci methicillin resist strain staphylococcu aureu increasingli respons nosocomi infect unit state southern europ make streptogramin therapeut agent resort treat germ develop resist antibiot scan note opinion virginiamycin resist enterococci staphylococci isol poultri pig cross resist pristinamycin human medicin combin dalfopristin quinupristin due authoris human medicin product shortli scan transfer sat gene confer resist virginiamycin occur vitro isogen strain enterococcu faecium virginiamycin resist faecium detect food origin pig origin poultri genet factor virginiamycin resist exist human popul widespread strain faecium resist virginiamycin pristinamycin isol dutch farmer poultri genet fingerprint gener conclus transfer resist enterococci anim human drawn singl case commiss see indic confirm case futur scan opinion denmark produc major fresh evid august demonstr transfer vivo experiment condit gastro intestin tract rat sat gene plasmid isogen strain faecium light forego commiss part take view risk reduc effect human medicin product pristinamycin combin dalfopristin quinupristin due authoris shortli human medicin product result cross resist caus virginiamycin avoid bacitracin zinc cyclic polypeptid human medicin topic treatment infect skin mucos surfac public show possibl treatment vancomycin resist enterococci repres clinic problem human medicin select resist bacitracin zinc feed addit inevit increas reservoir resist bacitracin zinc percentag enterococcu faecium resist bacitracin zinc higher chicken receiv bacitracin zinc chicken receiv resist transfer anim human reduc effect bacitracin zinc human medicin product effect bacitracin zinc human medicin preserv conclus world health organis confer held berlin octob econom social committe european union intern offic epizoot confer antibiot resist held copenhagen septemb antibiot resist henceforth regard major complex problem intern dimens sens recommend aris confer desir set system gener surveil antimicrobi resist result antibiot phenomena resist encount hospit gener popul address medicin product belong class antibiot readi approv futur imper preserv effect human medicin product effect wai achiev aim relat human medicin product increas reservoir resist anim resist transfer human reduc effect human medicin product numer scientif data demonstr transfer organ respons zoonos commens wai prevent phenomenon origin livestock farm antibiot administ veterinari medicin product feed addit longer authoris antibiot authoris human medicin product select cross resist antibiot human medicin addit restrict substanc fundament reason human medicin sake protect human health authoris antibiot bacitracin zinc spiramycin virginiamycin tylosin phosphat withdrawn basi current scientif technic knowledg evid present kingdom sweden justifi withdraw authoris antibiot monensin sodium salinomycin sodium ionophor group ionophor date veterinari human medicin substanc current state knowledg select cross resist antibiot human veterinari medicin prohibit antibiot bacitracin zinc spiramycin virginiamycin tylosin phosphat perceiv interim protect measur precaut reconsid light investig carri establish surveil programm basi current scientif technic knowledg evid present kingdom sweden justifi ban antibiot flavophospholipol phosphoglycopeptid group substanc belong group date veterinari human medicin flavophospholipol current state knowledg select cross resist antibiot human veterinari medicin basi current scientif technic knowledg evid present kingdom sweden justifi ban antibiot avilamycin belong group orthosomycin substanc belong group date human medicin decis review light addit studi suppli person respons entri circul avilamycin mechan resist develop resist micro organ enterococcu faecium cross resist everninomycin develop view futur approv human medicin substanc human medicin site action avilamycin mainten authoris monensin sodium salinomycin sodium flavophospholipol avilamycin review light result work antimicrobi resist carri work group set scientif steer committe decemb kingdom sweden requir appli commun legisl feed addit entireti transit period compli provis regul member state addit refer articl authoris present absenc opinion stand committe feedingstuff commiss unabl adopt provis envisag procedur laid articl direct eec adopt regul articl entri annex direct eec antibiot delet bacitracin zinc spiramycin virginiamycin tylosin phosphat articl commiss reexamin provis regul decemb basi result investig induct resist antibiot concern surveil programm microbi resist anim receiv antibiot carri person respons put addit concern circul articl regul enter forc dai public offici journal european commun appli januari date regul enter forc member state ban accord commun law antibiot refer articl regul antibiot antibiot remain authoris member state june regul bind entireti directli applic member state brussel decemb council presid molter oj direct amend commiss direct ec oj commiss direct ec januari amend council direct eec addit feedingstuff oj commiss direct ec decemb amend council direct eec addit feedingstuff oj