commiss decis juli relat proceed articl eec treati iv iftra rule produc virgin aluminium english french german dutch text authent eec commiss european commun regard treati establish european econom commun articl thereof regard council regul februari articl thereof regard notif submit april conform articl regul intern fair trade practic rule administr iftra vaduz liechtenstein undertak signatori agreement date april quot iftra rule produc virgin aluminium quot heard undertak concern pursuant articl regul accord commiss regul juli regard opinion advisori committe restrict practic domin posit obtain pursuant articl regul april fact iftra rule quot iftra rule produc virgin aluminium quot hereinaft refer iftra rule applic market primari aluminium adopt produc primari aluminium eec major produc situat western europ eec iftra rule divid part quot anti dump agreement quot document quot fair trade practic rule quot document quot contract commit legal protect quot document quot anti dump agreement quot oblig refrain dump term claus group quot fair trade practic rule quot parti document relat quot anti dump agreement quot sign text materi part quot fair trade practic rule quot extract summari provis quot contract commit legal protect quot oj oj quot document iftra fair trade practic rule produc virgin aluminium european market introduct protect promot true competit make imper refrain fight unfair trade practic falsif competit undersign express group rule opinion constitut unfair trade practic intend refrain contract commit advic conform rule foreseen contract legal protect fight request iftra procedur fact find judgement foreseen contract legal protect practic case violat rule group form commit advic individu autonom decis principl price distribut mass produc good promot true competit avoid falsif competit observ illicit result unfair trade practic case supplementari fact examin procedur contract legal protect fair trade practic rule aim agreement price contrari base free individu autonom decis price signatori group rule group embrac unfair trade practic consid violat exist law principl establish suprem court decis destruct sale cost sale cost unfair unintent sale cost influenc commit advic intent sale cost unfair trade practic made illicit motiv method intent individu case instanc exercis design intent undu advantag differ financi strength multilevel tax favour activ possibl compens loss profit field order jeopard unduli destroi competitor exist intent obtain abus domin posit market restrain competit consid unfair trade practic integr produc produc virgin aluminium wrought aluminium sell wrought aluminium cost price design intent jeopard unduli destroi exist integr produc wrought aluminium dump dump condemn articl vi gatt unfair trade practic valid direct sale circumv sale person legal construct deliveri crap wrought aluminium compens advantag extra misrepresent discrimin produc declar price polici treat equal compar case busi basi price list price rebat condit deviat defenc provabl competit offer order simplifi ration custom bui sell give custom equal chanc competit sale declar normal discrimin price polici treat differ forc provabl competit offer revok declar openli time discrimin custom act unfairli regard competitor practic capabl mislead appli produc creat impress method mean announc price list price rebat condit talk custom interest equal treatment reason sale competit talk ask confid equal treatment custom mislead omiss promis enlighten produc commit explicitli unilater declar conclus enlighten verif price inform custom agent pretend favour competit quotat act unfairli omit prevent enlighten verif mislead competit pretend instanc forc deviat normal price competit quotat realiti check verifi prevent competitor enlighten give promis inform price mislead collus unfair trade practic agre custom secret deviat normal price produc prevent enlighten contrari commit enlighten produc custom group group form commit advic individu autonom decis principl price distribut mass produc good promot true competit avoid falsif competit observ illicit result unfair trade practic case supplementari fact examin procedur contract legal protect basi price reason price depend calcul adequ determin cost order guarante fulfil oblig exist respect countri personnel creditor contract partner cost comparison enterpris find fault expenditur cost calcul promot true competit case progress supran market integr advis make comparison nation calcul scheme work harmon calcul scheme fix amount offer individu autonom decis applic order avoid falsif competit due differ nation system determin cost alloc type good market statist analys market influenc price past enabl market analys futur price price reason price follow principl verac clariti price establish price list help realiz principl promot true competit market transpar price list correspond cost condit industri mass product ill afford daili chang price simplifi ration produc distribut custom bui price list clear descript good technic natur avoid mislead price produc mislead price inform competit offer custom clear descript import intern commerc case differ nation type standard produc price list chang deviat price gener limit unlimit period time result principl verac clariti price avoid mislead practic sell organ mislead price inform custom competitor produc made declar normal price polici creat impress compar advis chang gener price list price rebat condit deviat secretli favour custom decept remain secret custom regard sign price instabl price inform compet produc order advantag result mislead practic sell organ purpos intern commerc individu produc express price currenc countri destin order avoid mislead convers sale organ custom price inform competitor free follow price practis countri destin interest obtain return avoid falsif competit consequ currenc exchang rate fix govern foster deter export quantiti rebat rebat discount part price follow principl verac clariti price fix rebat schedul match cost condit mass product daili chang rebat avoid mislead price inform custom competit quotat promot true competit simplifi ration produc sell custom bui market statist analys foreseen make easier make schedul produc practis system consum price rebat deduct consum price correspond advantag quantiti entail product exagger consum price rebat tend replac true competit mislead rebat competit decreas transpar market foster mislead price inform custom clear quantiti rebat extra charg lesser quantiti promot true competit turn correspond addit product cost extra charg deter custom place small order contribut ration product lot grant quantiti rebat turnov bonus advantag advanc turnov reach secur allow deduct claim differ obviou quantiti reach lead decept custom competitor reli condit gener appli produc function rebat produc examin true qualif custom grant rebat deduct advantag connect function mere design function wholesal dealer prove admiss trade produc entitl stipul condit grant function rebat qualif requir us produc competit rebat rebat grant openli competit reason connect quantiti function unfair easili lead chain reaction boomerang instig bring mislead price inform custom true competit charact rebat conceal intern commerc competit rebat customari equal competit advantag home market produc caus instanc complic difficulti import competit rebat exceed equal lead counteract chain reaction end origin foster mislead price inform custom quot quot document iftra contract commit legal protect produc virgin aluminium commit undersign produc agre signatur opinion express attach fair trade practic rule anti dump agreement undertak commit abstain trade practic declar unfair rule commit valid direct sale virgin aluminium higher puriti cct head alloi shape ingot sow billet slab circumv sale person legal construct deliveri scrap wrought aluminium compens advantag extra legal protect iftra task legal protect advic advis fair trade practic rule anti dump agreement order respect limit impos nation supran anti cartel legisl advic take place quarterli half yearli meet procedur fact find establish contravent fair trade practic rule anti dump agreement assess oblig stop contravent contractu penalti possibl appli decis ordinari court protect government measur exclud quot claus ii contractu penalti contravent iftra rule iii quot procedur quot contravent establish claus iv appeal quot court arbitr quot claus vi quot fair practic rule anti dump agreement condit rule agreement form unit contract commit legal protect requir previou written approv iftra quot claus vi provid payment fee durat iftra agreement procedur constitut court arbitr refer contain appendix contract commit legal protect part paragraph requir separ signatur structur market primari level product market aluminium character mark concentr suppli eec member state belgium luxembourg denmark ireland product remain member franc produc itali major produc minor netherland unit kingdom germani except pattern produc remain countri western europ defin purpos includ eec austria greec iceland norwai portug spain sweden switzerland countri norwai number produc emphas produc major minor share hold undertak major produc canada usa interest import group oper western europ pechinei ugin kuhlmann alusuiss vereinigt aluminium werk alcan signatori iftra rule repres product capac western europ defin metric ton eec approxim product capac primari aluminium metric ton held undertak parti iftra rule undertak parti iftra rule control interest franc germani practic entir product capac held netherland unit kingdom product capac held undertak adopt iftra rule remain countri western europ concern undertak parti iftra rule undertak control interest account norwai product capac metric ton entir product capac austria greec iceland spain sweden metric ton product capac switzerland metric ton signatori rule member vertic integr group produc primari aluminium semi manufactur finish product western europ primari aluminium consum proport motor vehicl construct industri approxim packag take whilst aircraft shipbuild industri account approxim consumpt ii origin applic iftra rule parti maintain year begin product primari aluminium exceed consumpt fact caus difficulti sector led risk lead undertak impel dispos product engag practic violat alleg principl rule law fair competit dump argu consequ felt parti agre induc parti agre number rule collect reaffirm rule consid exist jointli issu number principl recommend ensur unfavour circumst prevail trade market behaviour parti remain bound reason fair competit parti maintain reason prepar iftra rule subject decis adopt european produc primari aluminium shortli rule notifi commiss econom situat revers appreci growth demand primari aluminium end pressur figur quot strain industri maintain result iftra rule practic role plai applic rule offer econom climat advers mutual guarante recours unfair pernici competit action iftra rule parti quot safeti net quot spite alleg lack practic commiss inform matter constru act unfair competit parti competitor time preced adopt notif iftra rule respect alleg dump countri parti insist occur inform commiss insuffici establish act dump place inadequ justifi open proceed council regul eec dump countri consider action commiss determin notion rule appli step regard exist rule influenc parti discourag action contrari letter spirit rule born mind articl prohibit agreement restrict competit object proven appli examin object iftra rule object prove restrict competit refer articl prohibit rule restrict effect aris exist rule readili gener applic parti attend hear admit iii examin claus iftra rule object restrict competit iftra rule constitut agreement mean articl undertak signatori rule sign iftra rule undertak accept oblig signatori creat expect conduct commerci polici mere label agreement undertak rule unfair competit suffic remov agreement ambit articl eec treati present case agreement question claus fact discourag competit directli give parti opportun mean joint action prevent normal method competit establish object claus agreement regard reason construct term fact agreement consid restrict competit real object restrict natur probabl consequ applic document group claus claus support claus group contract commit legal protect establish system enforc parti rule alleg repres exist law law member state matter concern claus uniform adopt uniform privat code undertak member state lead undertak appli countri countri export rule stringent oblig law observ assess object effect claus emphas provis design enforc iftra privat agenc creat parti activ subject perman control public author suppos tend protect collect interest member detriment parti interpret appli iftra rule manner ensur maximum restraint competit action member claus concern quot destruct sale cost quot alleg object quot protect promot true competit quot present case princip object claus quot protect promot true competit quot claus exce scope legisl member state unfair competit creat framework facilit encourag suppress commerci initi whilst inconveni parti agreement quot destruct quot reason sens term imperil exist competitor oj vagu text suppli mean parti protect measur price competit excess declar sale cost unfair quot undu advantag quot quot differ financi strength quot intent quot jeopard unduli quot quot competitor exist quot quot obtain domin posit quot opportun parti interpret eventu condemn mean contract commit legal protect measur price competit unfair prohibit ow difficulti accur assess real cost competitor apprehens sale cost made subject proceed contract legal protect discourag price competit signatori natur price competit offer made inconveni competitor constrain match offer contractu limit price competit agre competitor set claus prevent offer restrict object document group claus dump claus examin isol refer introduct document form integr part iftra rule appar light introduct signatori rule undertaken oblig refrain dump respect territori term impli simultan accept contract commit legal protect document fact claus territori limit applic parti maintain reli refer made articl vi gatt longer applic member state eec claus concern sale territori member state eec argument real substanc obviou refer made concept dump contain principl formul articl vi gatt refer made rule territori provis gatt applic claus natur sens requir parti refrain dump territori appli trade commun oblig undertaken refrain quot dump quot object effect prevent act fact compat rule competit eec eec subject transit provis applic member state rule dump contain articl eec treati ceas applic low price sale member state subject rule sale zone member state clear sole object effect iftra rule relat dump sale member state concern prevent type inconveni competit offer longer prevent commun legal provis sale common market countri sale transit period origin member eec member concern stress apprais act consid dump imposit defens measur exist rule relat dump matter undertaken compet author nation author commiss european commun method open risk abus author entiti entitl assess examin necessarili complic lengthi imposit anti dump measur interfer free movement good justifi difficult predict propos sale constitut unlaw dump consequ reciproc undertak refrain dump necessarili discourag parti sale inconveni parti nation market ultim found contrari rule dump threat institut quot procedur quot competitor imposit contractu penalti provid contract commit legal protect iftra establish consid dump induc disturb market competitor measur price competit agreement refrain dump adopt privat rule end regard object effect restrict competit mean articl conclus rebut effort parti present dump subject treati legisl regul entitl undertak requir abstain act dump caus damag alleg object undertak agre abid treati legisl regul provis public intern law reli articl vi gatt articl pari convent protect industri properti fact constitut sourc posit law directli applic undertak provis exist law subject concern nation legisl regul commun council regul eec entitl undertak suffer alleg suffer damag seek intervent compet author event apprais condemn act dump emphas assign left undertak privat organ arbitr document group claus claus discourag signatori sell price publish impli oblig disclos price inform custom exchang inform competitor consequ claus colour protect custom discrimin provid parti mean shelter competit extent price stabil increas parti enabl predict price polici reason degre certainti undertak agre limit freedom activ subject ecsc treati appli variat fit publish price discount inform competitor custom intend adher price discount subject articl eec treati sell publish price unfair order gain foothold market oper encourag promot econom integr commun price competit obstruct necess publish revis price list chang price made possibl provid claus produc make express quot declar normal discrimin price polici quot likelihood time econom difficulti industri pressur brought ensur declar made claus declar assum produc quot creat impress quot claus paragraph quot treat equal compar case busi basi price list price rebat condit quot claus paragraph consequ observ declar ensu quot impress quot creat unwittingli evid varieti circumst oper paragraph claus signatori deem bound implic depart price list fact signatori publish price list claus discourag signatori sell price appear price list respons competit offer exist prove addit clear refer paragraph claus produc awar impress creat custom competitor bring proceed proceed brought contract legal protect base impress receiv eventu predict certainti signatori apprehens proceed brought alleg made quot unfair quot practic commit deter appli price rebat differ made persuad behav quot declar normal discrimin price polici quot made claus form group oblig implement requir exchang price inform competitor reason requir claus produc quot check verifi quot allegedli competit quotat met produc possess price inform disclos competitor competit quotat origin claus deem unfair practic produc fail provid price inform competitor undertaken oblig refer claus produc quot declar quot price polici discriminatori produc quot creat impress quot treat custom equal claus applic circumst constitut measur tend ensur full exchang price inform competitor claus restrict competit object effect document group provis set form legal econom commentari type appar free autonom cooper desir individu behaviour provis group purport quot commit advic quot form integr part fair trade practic rule unreason suppos provis group effect adopt intent implement claus vi contract commit legal protect state quot rule form unit contract commit legal protect requir previou written approv iftra quot written approv signatori provis group form basi quot procedur quot institut parti iftra contract commit legal protect compel observ collect recommend contain group regard emphas contract commit legal protect selfsam quot procedur quot respect matter aris group doubt obligatori natur parti group iftra rule allegedli quot commit quot natur provis group beli measur provid ensur implement provis group amount recommend produc align sale polici competitor contractu organ sanction contract commit legal protect enabl competitor ensur recommend align polici act document group claus claus constru refer object iftra rule promot concert behaviour market light document expressli refer preambl document quot advic quot quot procedur quot administ person repres signatori rule commun juli cooper enterpris commiss ii agreement sole object joint prepar calcul model consid restrict competit provid rate calcul commun appli present case claus contain seri provis restrict price competit provis group gener claus contract commit legal protect provid framework give concret recommend induc parti agreement behav ident manner market object claus establish close cooper cost studi calcul cost price market analys framework approxim behaviour market price claus parti mean cost view structur relev market enabl predict price polici greater certainti price competit diminish elimin exchang competitor inform cost consid mean combat unfair competit enabl parti minim price competit claus regard restrict competit mean articl document group claus pretext ensur optimum knowledg market condit claus entireti constitut encourag compil price list adher strictli fix price currenc countri destin encourag pressur provis contract commit legal protect appli mutual encourag restrict competit produc complet discret establish polici matter risk accus violat spirit oj amend oj agreement contractu organ system requir adher exist price price stabil encourag recommend made parti adher price list system aggrav recommend adopt harmon quot calcul scheme quot provid claus constitut major restrict competit object effect mutual recognit claus quot follow price practis countri destin quot unjustifi assert made signatori quot avoid falsif competit quot impli oblig undercut price claus restrict competit result prevent econom integr common market deni consum benefit respect product question numer process aluminium product claus impli oblig undercut nation market price mean combat unfair competit whatsoev provis claus group establish framework undertak induc undercut price prevail member state devic price cost comparison restrict competit document group claus produc discret independ conduct busi principl compar set claus establish code conduct question rebat enforc quot procedur quot contract legal protect overrid object restrict competit discourag competit grant rebat lead ident similar behaviour parti area free decid polici claus paragraph acknowledg competit rebat grant export aluminium sold price prevail home market countri destin process term quot equal quot rule subsequ sentenc amount collect recommend grant competit rebat exceed quot equal quot undercut price prevail home market claus complementari claus restrict degre effect trade member state provis combin circumscrib commerci freedom produc export sale member state prevent restrict sale provis affect trade member state concern sale produc common market purchas member state relat sale common market countri product question manufactur larg number semi finish finish product import member state process resal member state restrict discuss effect trade member state product inapplic articl restrict provis refer contribut technic econom progress improv product distribut iftra rule reduc opportun competit common market tend insul nation market imped improv distribut structur market number import parti agreement afford possibl elimin competit respect substanti part product question question case appli articl iv letter receiv februari signatori inform commiss legal repres termin agreement februari ask proceed close step consider discuss accept argument agreement sign forc appli exist agreement restrict effect dissuad parti competit action object agreement restrict undertak involv larg econom sector concern import restrict competit form object iftra rule agre produc primari aluminium western europ fail aggrav rigid present market featur circumst suffici justifi bring decis commiss agreement question breach articl adopt decis articl provis claus group claus group fair trade practic rule document agreement quot iftra rule produc virgin aluminium quot constitut infring articl eec treati april februari articl decis address intern fair trade practic rule administr iftra vaduz liechtenstein undertak alusuiss deutschland gmbh konstanz feder republ germani gebrüder giulini gmbh ludwigshafen rhein feder republ germani kaiser preussag aluminium gmbh amp voerd niederrhein feder republ germani metallgesellschaft ag frankfurt main feder republ germani vaw vereinigt aluminium werk ag berlin péchinei ugin kuhlmann pari franc holland aluminium den haag netherland british aluminium compani limit london england empresa nacion del aluminio madrid spain årdal og sunndal verk åsv oslo norwai elkem spigerverket oslo norwai norsk hydro karmøi oslo norwai vereinigt metallwerk ranshofen berndorf braunau inn ranshofen austria schweizerisch aluminium ag zürich switzerland gränge essem ab västerå sweden brussel juli commiss presid françoi xavier ortoli