commiss decis juli draft nation provis notifi kingdom belgium limit market organostann compound notifi document number french dutch text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun articl thereof fact commun legisl direct ec council direct eec juli approxim law regul administr provis member state relat restrict market danger substanc prepar amend commiss direct ec juli prohibit restrict danger substanc prepar direct eec regularli amend includ annex addit substanc danger man environ council direct eec decemb amend eighth time direct eec harmonis place market organostann compound provis organostann compound modifi commiss direct ec adapt technic progress time annex direct eec direct ec prohibit market organostann compound substanc constitu prepar act biocid free associ antifoul paint direct prohibit organostann compound substanc constitu prepar act biocid prevent foul mircroorgan plant anim hull boat length defin iso metr vessel length predominantli inland waterwai lake cage float net applianc equip fish shellfish farm total partli submerg applianc equip substanc prepar market packag capac equal greater litr sold gener public profession user prejudic applic commun provis classif packag label danger substanc prepar packag prepar legibl indel mark quot boat length metr vessel length predominantli inland waterwai lake applianc equip fish shellfish farm restrict profession user quot provis point special label provis applic sweden austria januari review commiss cooper member state stakehold date organostann compound substanc constitu prepar intend treatment industri water direct establish organostann compound antifoul product provid control releas activ ingredi ship length predomin inland waterwai lake austria sweden authoris maintain exist stricter legisl view specif protect sensit environ baltic sea inland waterwai direct establish remain allow review januari claus specif refer made develop intern maritim organis imo recognis risk pose organostann compound marin environ protect committe imp call global prohibit applic organostann compound act biocid antifoul system ship januari nation provis belgium intend transpos provis direct ec organostann compound modifi royal decre februari place restrict market danger substanc prepar exist articl replac text provis adopt commun direct belgium intend implement direct replac januari articl royal decre februari provis quot organostann compound market substanc constitu prepar act biocid antifoul paint quot comparison draft nation provis direct ec compar current commun legisl draft nation provis belgium intend appli januari emerg nation measur restrict amount total ban market organostann compound antifoul product ii procedur direct ec adopt member state bring forc nation provis compli direct februari appli septemb letter februari belgian perman repres inform commiss belgium correctli transpos provis direct ec accord articl ec treati intend appli stricter measur januari belgium consid introduc nation measur protect environ harm effect antifoul paint base organostann compound basi scientif evid letter receiv februari letter march commiss inform belgian author receiv notif articl month period examin articl start februari dai notif receiv iii assess consider admiss notif submit belgian author februari intend obtain approv introduc nation provis incompat direct ec constitut harmonis measur adopt basi articl ec treati articl treati read quot adopt council commiss harmonis measur member state deem introduc nation provis base scientif evid relat protect environ work environ ground problem specif member state aris adopt harmonis measur notifi commiss envisag provis ground introduc quot requir articl ec treati belgium notifi commiss actual word provis intend introduc januari accompani request explan reason opinion justifi introduct provis commiss opinion notif submit belgium februari order obtain approv introduct nation provis derog provis direct ec admiss articl ec treati assess merit accord provis articl ec treati commiss ensur condit enabl member state avail possibl derog provid articl fulfil commiss assess condit provid articl ec treati met requir quot scientif evid regard protect environ work environ quot applic member state introduct nation provis quot ground problem specif member state quot problem concern aros quot adopt harmonis measur quot addit pursuant articl ec treati feel introduct nation provis justifi commiss check nation provis mean arbitrari discrimin disguis restrict trade member state constitut obstacl function intern market organostann compound gener inform organostann compound group substanc compos tin variabl number organ group directli bound tin atom organostann compound effect antifoul agent ship import effect compound tributyltin tbt bi tributyltin oxid tbto tributyltin compound classifi council direct eec june relat classif packag label danger substanc amend direct ec harm contact skin toxic swallow irrit ey skin toxic danger damag health prolong exposur inhal swallow toxic aquat organ long term advers effect aquat environ antifoul effect activ substanc bioavail constantli releas surround environ result releas aquat environ high acut chronic toxic organostann compound damag result expos ecosystem tbto strongli absorb sediment princip degrad pathwai tbt biodegrad dibutyltin monobutyltin eventu tin oxid speed degrad strongli influenc surround matrix half live water week biota month sediment year tbt show bioaccumul environ tbt interf metabol expos organ inhibit enzym denatur protein endocrin system snail impos develop male sexual characterist femal phenomenon call imposex risk aquat environ tbt recognis commun measur direct eec reduc risk organostann compound antifoul paint restrict profession user ship length metr evalu carri commiss cooper member state led adopt direct ec strengthen protect measur consider direct ban complet type antifoul paint liabl higher uncontrol releas organostann compound boat size predominantli emploi inland waterwai lake review process commiss mandat studi matter extern consult base studi request opinion scientif committe toxic ecotox environ sctee adopt novemb posit belgium belgian author view propos measur design protect health human anim environ fact support number fact add underli reason direct ec shown time prepar direct ec concentr tbt antifoul paint treat hull boat busi ship lane port area reach level harm oyster dogwhelk shell thicken imposex organ effect illustr endocrin destruct capac tbt anim speci low concentr belgian author acknowledg econom consider consequ unilater european tbt ban european shipyard reloc activ circumvent ban impos european commun european level option restrict ban tbt paint total ban tbt concern refer made imo decis prospect januari request belgian author state recent studi show exposur tbt flatfish reduc resist infect fish live seab expos high concentr tbt tbt damag immun system mammal sea otter feed shellfish live environ contamin tbt effect immun human consequ exposur tbt reason low admiss daili intak adi μg kg dai regard sctee data presenc organostann compound fish shellfish crustacean limit data show exceed adi tbt case peopl eat habit sizeabl proport fish shellfish contamin tbt mussel support argument belgian author make refer studi june state analysi dredg spoil belgian port show concentr tbt μg kg limit marin environ sampl june provid read doubl limit belgian author scientif inform week appli fresh coat paint tbt releas averag μg tbt cm dai peak μg tbt cm dai treatment antifoul paint carri belgian port increas contamin port area nearbi ship lane help explain high tbt level dredg spoil belgian author point imposex limit dogwhelk note world wide speci marin snail underlin meet june juli marin environ protect committe imo step enabl imo diplomat confer decis ban organostann compound antifoul paint sea vessel januari belgian author claim antifoul paint organostann compound equal durat effect cost price present consider higher price paint tbt expect drop product larger scale case year ago paint tbt abovement damag effect tbt contamin marin environ establish time tbt ban time boat metr belgian author assum measur total ban antifoul paint base organostann compound need order counter detriment effect environ close port busiest ship lane marin environ belgian coast expos consequ tbt product sea vessel abund sediment area form reservoir protect rapid degrad tbt pose threat aquat environ year tbt stop prevent dredg spoil contamin tbt damag environ special treat high cost commun cost increas longer paint base organostann compound continu view cost econom justif delai total ban tbt longer tenabl belgium belgian govern take view antifoul paint stop januari onward date propos marin environ protect committe imo evalu posit belgium materi data submit belgian author support request applic articl limit statement posit evalu light criteria establish articl burden proof note light time frame establish articl commiss examin draft nation measur notifi articl justifi basi quot ground quot put forward member state mean provis treati respons prove measur justifi lai request member state procedur framework establish articl includ strict month deadlin decis adopt commiss limit examin relev element submit request member state seek reason justif element submit request member state suffici enabl commiss assess condit articl fulfil commiss reject draft nation measur member state preclud notifi request substanti addit element establish condit articl fulfil scientif evid protect environ work environ problem specif member state aris adopt harmonis measur argument put forward belgian author relat protect environ belgian author acknowledg larg amount inform environment effect tbt organostann compound account prepar direct ec appli work imo specif mention recit direct ec fact stipul develop work decis imo fulli account revis direct made januari belgian author claim recent studi shown exposur tbt flatfish reduc resist infect inform provid text studi refer verifi inform occur adopt direct ec effect human health specif due exposur work environ assess studi mandat commiss opinion sctee prepar direct ec unclear inform provid belgian author base studi june refer made text provid constitut evid sens articl inform relat daili intak tbt food link protect human work environ belgian author claim sampl dredg spoil belgian port june show concentr tbt level μg kg detail provid data measur time direct ec adopt se constitut inform fact studi mandat commiss review commun legisl exampl port world hong kong franc zealand netherland date show tbt concentr harbour sediment μg kg show level tbt found sediment belgian port kind direct prepar uniqu belgium problem specif member state busi port locat belgian author point applic tbt paint dockyard belgian port specif high releas tbt fresh paint reason level tbt harbour sediment elev specif data belgium time data provid hand effect specif high releas biocid includ tbt fresh antifoul paint direct ec prepar specif document studi mandat commiss argument applic port world drydock work involv antifoul paint carri remain argument belgian author give rise comment studi mandat commiss acknowledg imposex limit dogwhelk occur number marin snail dogwhelk sensit speci object action marin environ protect committe imo meet june juli enabl imo diplomat confer ban organostann compound antifoul paint sea vessel januari time direct ec adopt specif mention recit fact altern paint organostann compound expens relev justif belgian request lastli belgian author state close port biggest ship lane marin environ belgian coast expos consequ tbt product sea vessel prevent damag environ sediment dredg decontamin entail high econom cost data actual contamin belgian coastlin econom cost decontamin provid studi mandat commiss awar fact coast line close major port busi ship lane environ high risk netherland coast line present detail data netherland contamin coast line due effluent dump dredg spoil busi port fact busi ship lane close data justif submit belgian author support request articl conclud draft nation measur base scientif evid relat protect environ work environ ground problem specif belgium aris adopt harmonis measur condit articl fulfil result analysi submit materi basi consult member state interest group request opinion sctee absenc arbitrari discrimin disguis restrict trade obstacl function intern market articl commiss approv reject draft nation provis notifi quot verifi mean arbitrari discrimin disguis restrict trade member state constitut obstacl function intern market quot request made belgium fulfil basic condit set articl point commiss oblig verifi draft nation provis mean arbitrari discrimin disguis restrict trade member state constitut obstacl function intern market iv conclus light consider commiss opinion request belgium introduc nation legisl derog provis direct ec organostann compound submit februari admiss fulfil condit establish articl commiss conclud reject request accord articl treati adopt decis articl draft nation provis organostann compound kingdom belgium notifi commiss letter date februari intend derog direct ec januari reject articl decis address kingdom belgium brussel juli commiss erkki liikanen member commiss oj oj oj oj foul denot effect wide rang organ suscept colonis ship hull construct water presenc foul organ surfac ship hull signific effect perform ship lead reduc handl increas fuel consumpt oj oj ws atkin intern assess risk health environ tin organ compound arsen biocid product effect restrict market final report april belfoid puperhart aries organotin level seafood relat toler daili intak tdi human institut environment studi vrije universiteit amsterdam june footnot footnot page