commiss decis juli relat proceed articl eec treati iv tetra pak btg licenc english french text authent eec commiss european commun regard treati establish european econom commun regard council regul februari regul implement articl treati amend act access spain portug articl thereof regard commiss regul eec juli applic articl treati categori patent licens agreement amend act access spain portug articl thereof regard applic date septemb june made commiss pursuant articl regul elopak group find tetra pak group infring articl regard commiss decis februari initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss accord articl regul commiss regul eec juli hear provid articl council regul consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit fact parti tetra pak group compani tetra pak group compani tetra world leader field carton liquid food milk equip technolog fill carton worldwid turnov million ecu half eec tetra make carton pack fresh asept liquid technolog fresh asept fill machin manufactur addit distribut machin fresh fill machin manufactur posit uht machin strong compani develop technolog field asept pack liquid produc sell product tetra fact suppli asept packag equip asept brick system tetra origin swedish worldwid interest group polici coordin tetra pak raus sa pulli switzerland eec tetra extens manufactur distribut subsidiari member state greec luxembourg tetra acquir liquipak group compani consent british technolog group assign licenc nation research develop council liquipak intern bv elopak group compani elopak group compani elopak norwegian origin engag primarili europ africa middl east manufactur sale carton packag distribut dairi food industri suppli instal system fill packag handl carton worldwid turnov million ecu recent elopak manufactur fill machin act distributor fill machin manufactur includ liquipak recent acquir purepak packag machin divis cello usa act distributor fresh fill machin purepak develop asept packag machin elopak suppli primarili carton fresh milk enter distribut agreement liquipak machin capabl asept fill uht treat milk british technolog group btg btg financ public undertak main task relev current proceed licens commerci exploit result public research industri unit kingdom respect function activ nation research develop council nrdc licensor licenc object present case btg oper commerci basi liquipak group compani liquipak group special develop manufactur fill equip liquid food product own control directli indirectli allpak group canada privat individu activ packag gener tetra acquir liquipak intern st paul minnesota usa carri manufactur market machin fill carton transact tetra acquir liquipak intern bv netherland branch switzerland england deal research develop fill equip liquid food product assign licenc question pak center limit unit kingdom princip concern technic servic liquipak group tetra acquir novu corp nv netherland antil part liquipak group origin holder licenc nrdc object current proceed novu corp assign licenc compani tetra subsequ acquir licenc assign effect august nrdc grant licenc novu corp member liquipak group patent relev fill process licenc valid countri patent obtain durat patent base patent due expir grant ireland spain belgium eec australia canada india japan unit state america patent applic pend itali patent sought denmark luxembourg portug greec applic file european patent convent treati unit kingdom australia franc west germani netherland switzerland sweden patent opposit patent offic heard case japanes applic examin grant btg consid prospect uphold european patent applic good licenc nrdc exclus august agre licensor regard sympathet request continu period exclus provid license made endeavour meet demand extens infring articl nrdc retain review term licenc event license oper public interest licenc gave grant licenc royalti paid licens product sold fix minimum payabl year lower fix minimum payabl exclus period minimum paid licensor termin licenc letter octob btg successor nrdc rais object transfer licenc tetra acquisit liquipak intern result letter tetra final letter announc discuss place inter alia continu exclus licenc expiri letter novemb commun statement object commiss march hear juli tetra announc commiss decid abandon claim exclus licenc consider btg exclus negoti august letter april btg announc enter negoti elopak tetra view grant exclus licenc tetra btg state willing renounc exclus licenc prefer action prefer exclus licenc made clear chang result posit commiss statement object addit tetra consid hold domin posit commit abus articl infring articl benefit articl exempt accord regul eec legal analysi technolog background nrdc patent technolog concern steril process point term licenc tetra effect licens exclus basi exploit develop technolog purpos make fill seal sell dispos paper base paper board base lamin asept pack hereinaft carton milk fruit juic foodstuff drink milk account major part liquid foodstuff pack carton carton milk product descript product market technolog involv concentr situat milk product technolog liquid notabl fruit juic foodstuff materi mention made milk carton sold wai pasteur fresh uht treat asept descript type understand technolog question definit relev market carton case made paper base board weight thick depend specif requir note carton retail price milk carton liquid pack carton gener higher milk pasteur fresh milk case carton line polyethylen pasteur milk carton sold gabl top carton easili open process produc pour spout pasteur milk sold brick contain descript fill machin form individu flatten carton blank fill pasteur milk seal carton tetra brick contain suppli continu roll individu carton blank tetra develop rex rang gabl top carton deliv continu roll tetrabrik whilst cleanli import degre asept condit pre steril carton requir uht milk pasteur milk fill shelf life dai oj oj oj elopak grant licenc novu order permit patent process liquipak machin elopak distribut disput tetra elopak licenc termin distribut agreement liquipak elopak aspect relev case point effect tetra exclus licenc cover btg technolog manufactur machin mean technolog nrdc licens technolog steril materi develop date technolog princip steril paper base carton liquid foodstuff pasteuris milk heat second cool destroi harm bacteria leav tast cream line unaffect uht treat asept packag milk case carton line addition aluminium foil milk uht treat involv rapid heat high temperatur rapid cool kill harm bacteria milk immedi fill special machin strict asept condit carton steril machin immedi prior fill seal uht milk packag shelf life month failur maintain strictli asept condit steril effect carton prior fill result spoilt danger product result bacteri growth technolog licens btg develop commerci machin achiev steril carton milk combin concentr hydrogen peroxid heat concentr hydrogen peroxid steril carton heat dry carton peroxid residu maintain asept condit tetra pkl subsidiari german group rheinmetal ag develop technic accept machin commerci scale eec pack milk liquid foodstuff asept carton compani develop machin asept pack milk carton base similar steril technolog machin prototyp requir technolog develop suitabl milk reason commerci eec uht milk distribut brick style carton cut open easi gabl top tetrapak brick style carton tetrabrik suppli continu roll carton form seal side time fill milk patent process mean steril carton take place carton compos flat surfac make dry residu hydrogen peroxid easi pkl brick combibloc carton gabl top carton pasteur milk suppli individu flatten preform blank requir seal fill steril place blank form basic shape top open enclos carton form rise greater difficulti dry hydrogen peroxid case open flatten tetrabrik roll eec long life fruit juic uht treat pack asept higher natur acid fact fruit juic natur bacteria raw state milk easier achiev degre steril carton requir packag asept uht treat fruit juic milk give shelf life month steril technolog carton packag machin capabl produc long shelf life fruit juic adequ long shelf life milk tetra pkl steril techniqu machin suitabl milk fruit juic packag machin uht liquid develop suitabl milk adequ fruit juic btg technolog technolog object licenc btg novu subsequ assign tetra acquisit liquipak group base synergi ultra violet light uvl hydrogen peroxid process patent expiri uvl enhanc greatli steril properti hydrogen peroxid patent claim peroxid achiev steril effect concentr hydrogen peroxid fact weak solut hydrogen peroxid make btg technolog ideal suit steril preform carton elopak gabl top pkl combiblock dry process crucial concentr hydrogen peroxid technolog basic steril process carton acquir concentr hydrogen peroxid weak hydrogen peroxid uvl develop fill machin carton order produc reliabl machin exploit technolog fill seal specif carton satisfactori result condit encount dairi develop machin carton involv consider give rise intellectu properti right machin carton fill case liquipak asept machin gabl top carton patent exist basic steril process licens btg liquipak obtain patent machin carton tetra owner patent machin carton time licenc nrdc liquipak success produc machin fill carton pasteur milk capabl immedi produc accept asept packag machin incorpor technolog liquipak fact spent consider sum monei year develop accept machin elopak exclus distributor liquipak eec machin pasteur milk machin develop uht milk contribut consider period time develop asept machin uht milk support form put fill machin dispos dairi reduc charg carton support servic liquipak fact instal asept packag machin eec elopak distributor elopak appar satisfi btg steril technolog consid capabl allow milk sold unchil distribut channel whilst achiev reason shelf life elopak maintain btg steril technolog offer viabl altern pkl combibloc system term asept perform futhermor elopak consid btg technolog low concentr hydrogen peroxid ideal suit pre form gabl top carton concentr develop effort risk residu hydrogen peroxid reason elopak assist develop accept asept liquipak fill machin elopak satisfi steril achiev btg technolog incorpor liquipak consid refin mechan function machin order improv reliabl normal oper condit updat version design iron mechan weak develop shown pari dairi exhibit readi commerci distribut updat version extens dairi condit aforesaid dairi exhibit tetra announc takeov liquipak circumst elopak unwil sell give technic logist support machin belong main competitor tetra tetra hand maintain research applic btg technolog order improv steril properti make capabl product long shelf life milk free harm bacteria develop basic technolog tetra state requir consider financi invest part addit steril technolog tetra pkl develop btg method steril produc long shelf life uht food drink product varieti contain plastic pouch cup bottl method steril technic reason unsuit impract paper base carton method steril technic possibl adapt paper base carton develop prototyp remain mere theoret possibl technic accept asept carton packag machin commerci eec uht treat milk tetra pkl machin base similar steril method machin develop liquipak incorpor btg steril method develop stage elopak consid commerci exploit machin capabl pack asept uht milk eec prototyp effect commerci exploit case machin base steril method tetra pkl elopak consid adequ carton suppli continu roll tetra brick suit gabl top carton elopak expertis posit parti market tetrapak pkl effect asept milk carton packag machin commerci exploit extent eec btg technolog liquipak tetra adapt gabl top carton tetra rex fresh fill asept fill uht treat liquid advantag possess competitor tetra market posit strengthen estim tetra market share machin carton tabl annex comparison freshli pack milk note tetrapak market share machin carton asept pack liquid high eec strong member state simpl market share figur underestim strength technic advantag tetrapak process suppli carton continu roll give rise eas dry hydrogen peroxid pkl sale gener confin home market germani limit special pack fruit juic small pack cl pack content cost packag small commiss awar tetra suppli carton machin compani eec suppli carton tetra asept packag machin similarli pkl license suppli carton asept packag machin note main revenu profit earn suppli carton machin suppli packag machin packag machin excpect life year time process ten million carton main technic barrier entri market product mainten asept packag machin requir adequ steril technolog carton consider expertis technolog produc reliabl machin capabl oper continu maintain asept environ dairi condit machin produc packag liquid qualiti shelf life basic steril technolog tetra pkl longer patent difficult milk packag machin produc produc commerci accept asept packag machin liquipak wide experi fresh packag machin busi oblig devot consider financi resourc year develop mechan accept asept packag machin incorpor btg steril technolog compani eec develop asept packag machin addit technic barrier develop difficult compani avoid infring patent held tetra pkl eec field brick style carton technic barrier produc carton asept pack liquid produc asept packag machin fact need main barrier entri market creat fact asept machin produc believ tie sale machin carton addit effect patent protect eec carton fill asept machin suppli tetra pkl final mention dairi total free choic prefer packag machin distributor suppli carton breakdown malfunct extrem costli term spoilt product give rise disput respons machin carton produc conclud kei enter market suppli carton long shelf life food product li abil suppli asept packag machin carton technic barrier entri higher machin carton machin produc adequ steril techniqu carton incorpor techniqu reliabl fill machin capabl work continu reliabl high speed maintain asept steril environ dairi condit circumst packag product requir shelf life free harm bacteria legal assess summari legal scope decis decis concern licenc nrdc btg novu corp assign liquipak intern bv result agreement btg tetra licenc transfer tetra transfer permit tetra final takeov liquipak group includ liquipak intern bv consid tetrapak group abus mean articl domin posit market machin technolog fill board carton asept condit uht treat liquid includ milk acquisit liquipak allow benefit exclus technolog licens btg turn prevent substanti delai elopak enter asept packag market time tetra strengthen posit market exclus btg technolog tetra acquir altern suitabl carton steril techniqu tetra steril techniqu vital suffici element product asept packag machin abus last time tetra acquir exclus licenc date renounc exclusivitii consid time takeov tetra liquipak group transfer exclus licenc tetra renounc exclus exclus licenc fell scope articl licenc question period restrict articl exempt automat provid regul appli period consid condit articl fulfil exclus licenc tetra renounc exclus commiss withdrawn exempt declar exclus licenc question infring articl ii relev market definit relev market appreci articl analys exclus licenc respect articl condit articl fulfil relev market tetra compet firstli suppli machin incorpor technolog steril carton fill carton asept condit uht treat liquid suppli carton machin reason set section fact market suppli machin higher barrier entri kei entri market carton bulk carton asept fresh liquid milk milk base product question asept milk carton fresh milk carton pack machin substitut form milk packag machin glass plastic bottl import replac examin order verifi relev market correctli defin tetra start market brick carton pull tab avoid cut open fruit juic shelf life month packag carton aluminium line hot fill process juic heat temperatur lower uht milk fill directli carton complet steril carton shelf life month obtain combin hot fill process natur acid preserv qualiti fruit juic process requir asept fill machin make hot fill machin machin maker make asept milk packag machin milk long shelf life obtain hot fill process machin develop seal gabl top carton seal brick carton gabl top machin brick machin carton adapt fit machin machin carton process infring tetra patent eec process tetra pkl machin fold brick style carton form top bottom patent tetra pkl process top appear ident tetra pkl agreement tetra pkl decemb pkl license bowat account tabl true basic steril method emploi tetra pkl longer patent substitut form packag pack machin liquid milk pack carton princip wine water fruit juic examin verifi relev market correctli defin milk packag glass bottl plastic bottl plastic bag asept milk carton fresh milk carton part wide milk packag market form packag pack machin distinct technolog form separ market suppli demand condit market asept milk packag machin carton machin relev point view competit polici analysi articl shown produc product short term provid effect competit produc asept milk packag machin carton brake market power demand substitut consum switch indiffer uht asept pack milk form milk suppli substitut produc milk packag machin readili enter market asept pack machin carton shown lack demand suppli substitut reflect fact small signific rise price asept packag machin bring larg reduct demand packag machin increas demand packag machin encourag entri produc lack price sensit demand side suppli side asept carton machin produc product act independ consum produc packag materi machin circumst produc asept carton machin possibl provid effect brake substanti econom power individu produc enjoi test price elast synthesis factor determin extent relev market physic technic substitut product consum prefer eas firm product enter market produc group produc domin relev market defin toenjoi econom power unfett threat real effect competit court stress degre econom freedom enjoi determin domin test price elast circumst case pertin rule competit close logic link determin domin exist reason lead conclus domin exist summar type milk packag machin account small proport cost retail price milk type packag milk gener characterist lead consum regard perfect substitut suppli condit type packag packag machineri real possibl supplier type packag packag machineri switch easili product type packag packag machineri expens equip dairi distribut system chang type milk carton lack demand substitut packag machin repres small proport price milk type milk packag return glass bottl asept milk carton fresh milk cartonsl plastic bottl small proport cost retail price milk appli return glass bottl amort larg number time expect reus signific rel price milk packag appreci differ retail price custom consum packag content perfectli substitut case signific price packag appreci chang final demand precis figur made reason assum cost packag machin constitut smaller proport retail price milk carton due life expect condit suppli user larg price machin short medium term discern impact price milk consum type milk packag regard consum perfect substitut wai treat milk pasteur fresh milk uht steril asept pack milk type milk tast preserv qualiti fresh milk expens type milk store lenght time rapid regular distribut system risk wast gener regard consum halv superior tast preserv milk uht steril produc season milk cheaper greater quantiti consumpt fresh milk raw materi expens steril milk store longer uht cheaper uht milk gener regard inferior tast whilst type milk technic adequ accept substitut type lit liquid nutrit properti consum regard perfectli interchang tast preserv qualiti consum prefer type milk prefer chang result chang habit signific shift rel retail price type milk type milk compet extent consid relev market packag relev market small signific rel price packag suffici trigger shift type milk substitut milk perfect type milk type packag glass bottl gabl top carton lesser extent brick style carton fresh milk brick style carton uht milk plastic bottl lesser extent glass bottl steril milk perfect substitut type milk substitut type milk packag perfect glass bottl return econom special distribut system doorstep deliveri packag gabl top carton princip reserv shop distribut fresh milk compet directli glass bottl small rel price bottl milk milk carton huge type special regular servic doorstep deliveri carton bottl small part rel price milk massiv rel price carton bottl bring signific price retail price milk bottl carton perfect substitut fresh milk pack plastic bottl plastic bag appreci extent packag gener regard consum member state accept fresh milk french german market distinguish special reason franc aboutl fresh milk distribut plastic bottl germani plastic bag whilst plastic bottl bag distribut alongsid carton supermarket small increas price carton rel plastic bottl bag consum member state switch milk carton bottl bag event franc germani fresh milk carton plastic bottl bag perfect substitut consum substitut limit countri accept consum fresh milk make carton plastic bottl bag form part relev market member state market share produc carton fresh milk chang appreci case chang tetra share market carton technolog uht milk uht milk packag brick style carton technolog milk packag develop initi tetrapak ideal suit uht milk gabl top carton uht milk tetrapak pkl make brick carton adapt respect uht packag machin gabl top elopak princip gabl top carton produc distribut agreement liquipak accept uht technolog develop market steril process take place packag glass plastic bottl rigid carton advers affect poerolong exposur heat treatment preclud type milk conclus demand substitut view conclud type milk perfect substitut perfectli substitut type milk technic consum accept reason type packag case uht milk form packag found type milk relev market small retail price type milk radic shift consumpt pattern packag small part retail price milk small signific rel price chang packag appreci alter retail price milk suffici trigger chang rel consumpt pattern milk true rel price milk packag machin cross elast demand type milk packag packag machin low demand side milk packag technolog constitut separ relev market price result demand packag machin highli depend price packag fact underli trend prefer type packag chang habit purchas supermarket favour packag handl store reason chang conveni long life milk grow convict superior tast quantiti fresh milk inconsist view packag type consid market matur market milk demand stabl demand form packag specif type milk increas declin type packag histor reason nation differ habit tast prefer structur trend demand type packag member state unit kingdom fresh milk tradition deliv glass bottl hous whilst form deliveri packag predomin suffer rel declin favour milk sold carton supermarket itali remain member state uht milk carton import share market growth fresh milk sale carton expens uht milk reason explain observ appreci extent result small signific rel price packag result underli structur trend market form packag substitut basi rel price type packag price larg independ price packag demand made result structur trend caus short term rel price show type packag part relev market lack suppli substitut suppli condit type packag machin type milk packag glass bottl plastic bag plastic bottl carton produc compani technolog produc acquir equip chang form packag true produc packag fill equip addit barrier entri technolog uht carton fill machin high produc carton fresh milk find easi produc carton uht milk fill machin convers true uht carton produc easili produc carton fresh milk similari uht machin produc signific technic barrier produc fresh milk fill machin technolog patent barrier fresh milk fill machin produc easili produc uht malchin coupl practic uht machin produc ty sale machin carton make difficult fro fresh carton produc enter uht carton market event independ produc carton tetra pkl asept machin asept machin commerci eec infring tetra pkl patent equip dairi chang type packag choic dairi type packag system import invest decis packag fill machineri specif type packag emploi expens milk treat packag handl store equip adapt choic packag glass bottl highli develop specif distribut system ensur bottl requir special clean equip dairi perceiv demand consum type milk choos equip packag design suit percept packag equip expect econom technic life year dairi type packag system form milk rel price form milk rel price packag dairi run result cheaper system intens expens result dearer system product milk short medium term demand led reason consum regard type milk packag perfect substitut chang demand result effect retail price milk small signific price packag machin unit brand unit brand commiss case ecr court recogn extent possibi substitut demand form fruit import determin relev market point view rule competit continent europemballag corpor continent compnai nv commiss case ecr court recogn extent possibl suppli substitut come captiv produc produc type import determin relev market point view rule competit unit brand commiss op cit note produc carton fro fresh milk technic point view easili produc carton uht milk vice versa explan implic steril milk involv treat milk temperatur inferior uht longer time minut result preserv qualiti milk longer uht gener recognis affect flavour uht treatment steril carri seal packag technic reason steril carri carton area itali glass bottl virtual unknown fresh milk distribut infrastructur exist franc milk consum fresh compar third commun germani milk fresh plastic bag germani account total fresh milk eec fresh milk sold carton figur french consumpt fresh milk plastic bottl tetra appar intend btg technolog liquipak machin gabl top carton tetra rex hitherto limit fresh liquid packag metal can steril concentr milk steril place conclus suppli substitutio view conclud market milk packag pack machin divid distinct relev market compet short medium term limit extent likewis market machin packag fresh milk uht milk carton regard separ hand access technolog build fresh milk machin permit entri uht machin packag market technolog difficult master cover partial patent fact barrier entri market asept packag machin high demonstr lengthi costli attempt liquipak attempt fresh packag machin produc develop accept product hand easi uht packag machin manufactur enter fresh packag machin market unsurmount technic barrier master liquid milk small proport carton packag liquid semi liquid milk fruit juic wine water liquid semi liquid packag predominantli form packag carton wine retail princip glass bottl retail lesser extent plastic bottl box barrel carton varieti liquid semi liquid differ preserv qualiti requir varieti packag fill machin distribut market condit relev market product make difficult gener degre substitut packag packag machin commiss see reason similar factor discuss milk packag appli liquid consequ liquid form packag fill machin compet milk product relev market view fact liquid milk carton form smaller part retail price product event contrari milk packag liquid milk fresh uht carton fill technolog readili substitut form pack appreci effect conclus milk account carton sale carton fill machin suppli demand situat market predomin market relev purpos applic rule competit demand differ member state relev geograph market demand milk vari consider member state term consumpt capita type milk pasteur uht steril packag glass plastic bottl carton variat result differ rel price packag due differ tradit tast unit kingdom pasteur milk consum tradit door step deliveri milk distribut glass bottl itali half milk pasteur pasteur uht milk distribut exclus carton normal food retail shown chang structur trend caus chang habit tradit member state govern demand small signific rel price form packag exist differ demand condit member state eec relev geograph market carton machin discuss place demand condit member state type milk type carton type carton machin found signific extent member state transport cost machin carton signific fact carton packag machineri suppli dairi eec produc world eec usa japan local distribut unit member state carri instal mainten repair carton packag machineri arrang directli specialist distributor local produc carton barrier entri machin produc uht machin technic geograph similarli transport cost carton blank roll preclud produc carton suppli area eec product centr ship consider distanc iii articl articl eec treati abus undertak domin posit common market substanti part thereof prohibit incompat common market affect trade member state undertak tetra undertak mean articl tetra acquir liquipak group negoti directli btg transfer licenc question exploit licenc domin posit tetra relev market situat condit found market question conclud tetra hold domin posit factor lead conclus tetrapak eec market machin capabl fill carton asept process uht treat liquid tetra pkl technolog eec capabl carri process pkl process autom tetra suppli carton continu roll pkl suppli individu flatten blank current tetra technolog superior competitor acquisit tetra exclus licenc btg competit technolog elimin total potenti competitor technolog enter highli concentr market tetra leader asept fill world scale eec develop technolog vast experi machin process carton asept fresh fill technolog machin partial protect patent acquir result barrier entri produc asept packag machin high sever limit entri competitor exclus licenc reduc possibl entrant market exclus btg technolog signific technic advantag current steril method dilut hydrogen peroxid tetra technic posit vi vi potenti competitor reinforc reduc possibl effect competit milk market matur room expans dairi equip packag machineri normal circumst econom technic life excess year make difficult newcom enter order sell product compet limit market renew equip persuad dairi replac exist equip circumst posit enjoi tetra fulfil test laid court domin establish abus tetra commit abus domin posit purchas liquipak group acquir exlus licenc btg specif circumst case acquisit exclus element licenc constitut abus domin posit acquisit strengthen tetra consider domin effect prevent consider delai entri competitor market competit found abus last tetra renounc exlus continent judgment court specif held articl aim practic behaviour damag consum directli detriment impact structur effect competit ground abus occur undertak domin posit strengthen posit degre domin reach substanti fetter competit ground strengthen posit undertak abus prohibit articl treati mean procedur achiev effect mention ground present case condit fulfil abus object current decis consist acquisit exclus licenc acquir tetra liquipak case acquisit exclus licenc tangibl effect common market consid equival effect market acquisit strengthen tetra domin posit real effect prevent delai entri competitor market undertak competitor tetra liquipak fresh milk machin liquipak exclus licenc btg steril technolog acquisit led tetra strengthen previous preponder domin posit market asept machin extent competit remain substanti fetter practic render imposs technolog kei enter market asept milk packag machin technolog steril carton object btg patent vital element technolog produc asept milk packag machin acquisit strengthen tetra domin exist competit reinforc technic advantag vi vi minim competit remain btg technolog prove technic advantag emploi method steril base concentr hydrogen peroxid impact acquisit market hypothet real effect circumst case preclud possibl competit elopak verg enter market tetra rais consider insurmount barrier entri effect block delai entri competitor market present domin tetra entrant virtual present time tetra power market challeng acquisit exclus licenc strengthen tetra consider domin posit effect reduc possibl effect competit behaviour constitut abus domin posit abus continu long tetra exclus licenc question effect trade member state acquisit tetra exclus licenc exploit btg technolog eec substanti impact structur competit common market potenti competitor elopak exclud enter market preclud btg technolog tetra decid grant licenc flow trade develop appreci line absenc exclus provis potenti license prevent busi member state present case compet technolog tetra market effect trade structur competit note flow product member state substanti tetra suppli machin eec swedish product plant italian assembl plant carton produc unit germani franc unit kingdom itali netherland portug spain suppli eec pkl unit kingdom license suppli eec plant germani unit kingdom elopak fresh milk market distribut import machin eec suppli carton eec smaller number unit tetra elopak suppli italian market import member state fruit juic except carton form larg proport packag glass jar packag object justif circumst case consid exclus provis licenc question object justifi case protect encourag tetra bear technic commerci risk develop dissemin technolog suffici overcom extrem disadvantag creat loss competit entail exclus addit circumst case license domin exclus protect oblig license grant back improv technolog licensor license exclus improv modif tetra domin compani field activ object licenc barrier entri high suppli asept milk packag equip sell asept brik system consum market matur milk packag market tetra spread asept carton base packag special product food asept system gabl top tetra rex tetra commerci experi worldwid leader exclus licenc essenti bear limit commerci risk market machin incorpor btg technolog compani prababl commerci risk market product lack familiar field nrdc licens asept process liquipak group experi field machin packag fresh liquid carton consider amp support elopak produc machin capabl perform satisfactorili dairi work attend risk cost produc improv tetra made tetra maintain develop btg steril process acquir liquipak pasta develop work tetra give substanti advantag lead time futur license start develop work btg technolog licenc view substanti lead time fact develop work undertaken technic risk remain tetra justifi exclus licenc extrem neg impact competit addit tetra long vast experi make asept machin familiar experi type technic difficulti encount appli btg steril process case tetra protect licensor exploit patent technolog role limit dissemin technolog tetra protect potenti license license permit plk compani possess signific practic experi machin fill carton asept process context protect afford exclus encourag license bear commerci technic risk note elopak accept exclus licenc elopak maintain btg steril technolog adequ overcom difficulti problem incorpor technolog reliabl machin elopak consid liquipak improv readi limit commerci exploit iv articl withdraw exempt provid regul eec commiss consid reason set exclus licenc date acquisit tetra renounc tetra exclus fell scope articl exclus licenc restrict articl regul eec exempt automat provid regul subject provis articl thereof appli period exclusi viti commiss consid acquisit tetra condit articl longer fulfil exclus licenc reason explain intent withdraw exempt pursuant articl abovement regul exclus abandon tetra intervent commiss renounc exclus licenc question btg exclus licenc withdraw exempt effect date decis commiss sake understand case posit commiss regard thereto give reason exclus fell scope articl reason inapplic articl articl tetra btg undertak mean articl exclus provis licenc fell scope articl prevent btg exploit technolog offer licenc firm interest technolog threat competit highli concentr structur market fact abil build accept machin steril techniqu essenti kei enter market barrier entri high fact acquisit liquipak licenc delai elopak attempt enter market circumst case compar involv hybrid maiz seed court rule open exclus licenc fall scope articl concern introduct protect technolog contract territori technolog case license previous produc product need protect experienc licensor undertak substanti technic commerci risk exploit licens product present case tetra domin compani inconceiv btg envisag exploit technolog question protect tetra claim bear technic commerci risk dissemin technolog suffici overcom disadvantag creat loss competit fact limit extent commerci technic risk born tetra addit maiz seed case import element court reason take open exclus licenc scope articl fact protect stimul inter intra brand competit circumst present case tetra domin compani barrier entri high effect exclus provis encourag prevent emerg inter intra brand competit inter brand competit damag competitor tetra elopak prevent technolog enter market intra brand competit damag licenc grant licensor produc product make parallel import imposs competit court sought encourag take open exclus licenc scope articl fact damag exclus provis case tendenc fact elimin competit market circumst exclus encourag competit exclus fall articl market circumst detriment competit fall scope articl final substanti effect trade member state point articl commiss withdraw benefit exempt provid regul eec condit articl fulfil licens product servic provid licens process expos effect competit licens territori ident product servic product servic consid user equival view characterist price intend case domin tetra market share asept milk pack machin carton tetra possibl elimin competit respect substanti part product question elimin competit respect substanti part product question difficult consum allow fair share result benefit possibl concentr market power tetra hand detriment improv product distribut hinder promot technic econom progress condit thrive competit environ addit circumst case difficult exclus licenc indispens attain object advantag final note point object justif exclus case conclus articl commiss consid time acquisit liquipak group assign licenc tetra occupi domin posit eec market product machin incorpor technolog steril carton fill asept condit board carton uht treat liquid includ milk tetra abus domin posit acquisit exclus licenc hqad effect strengthen domin posit weaken exist competit render difficult entri competit abus last tetra renounc claim exclus articl basi reason set commiss consid exclus provis effect common market contain licenc nrdc novu corp august fell scope articl date agreement assign licenc tetra tetra renounc claim exclus tetra renounc claim exclus commiss accord articl regul eec withdrawn benefit exempt provid regul condit exempt articl fulfil vi termin infring reserv action tetra renounc exclus licenc question btg announc negoti tetra elopak grant exclus licenc commiss consid reason set oblig decis case tetra commit abus articl conjunct btg infring articl exempt articl contravent rule competit termin tetra chang attitud intervent commiss offici investig fact contravent rule competit commiss sought impos fine tetra behaviour commiss feel formal decis clarifi posit topic formal warn tetra attitud firm undertak similar line conduct renounc exclus tetra deni hold domin posit commit abus infring articl exempt addit btg state prefer grant exclus licenc decis ensur exclus reinvok parti clear posit commiss similar behaviour commiss overlook legitim interest elopak made applic commiss pursuant articl regul potenti competitor interest legal secur result public declar commiss addit commiss reserv continu investig tetra wider commerc behaviour market milk carton fresh asept packag machin fresh asept order determin tetra commit infrig articl articl adopt decis articl acquisit behalf tetra pak raus sa exclus licenc nrdc novu corp august purchas liquipak group effect eec constitut infring articl date acquisit exclus effect end articl decis address tetra pak raus sa avenu général guisan po box ch pulli lausann tetra pak italiana spa delfini modena brussel juli commiss peter sutherland member commiss nungess commisson case ecr line reason consist court rule field select distribut saba ii metro commiss case ecr metro sg grossmaerkt gmbh amp kg case judgment octob publish offici journal market circumst select distribut fall scopo articl circumst select distribut fall scope articl gesellschaft zur verwertung von leistungsschutzrechten mbh gvl cec case ecr annex tabl carton sold million packag asept asept tetra tetra belgium luxembourg denmark franc feder republ germani greec ireland itali netherland portug spain unit kingdom total eec sourc tetra tabl packag machin leas sold oper end member state asept asept tetra tetra belgium luxembourg denmark franc feder republ germani greec ireland itali netherland portug spain unit kingdom total eec sourc tetra greec ireland itali netherland portug spain unit kingdom total eec sourc tetra