commiss recommend januari maximum permit blood alcohol content bac driver motoris vehicl text eea relev explanatori memorandum introduct background articl treati european union requir common transport polici eu includ measur improv transport safeti april commiss adopt programm measur improv road safeti programm includ specif refer page effect reduc inappropri drink drive accid casualti reduct measur follow commun adopt march reassess prioriti eu improv road safeti inappropri drink drive identifi kei road safeti prioriti inappropri drink drive defin driver impair term driver blood alcohol content bac prescrib legal limit punish crimin offenc driver bac prescrib limit punish form administr sanction fine driver bac prescrib limit driver judg impair mid substanti bodi research analys driver impair effect alcohol consumpt conclus demonstr direct correl bac risk accid involv polici reduc inappropri drink drive construct reduc bac limit consist regard motoris countri prioriti reduc accid consequ casual polici base mixtur bac limit polic enforc public rehabilit legal administr sanction mix vari member state commiss brought forward propos direct harmonis bac level aim set maximum bac limit mg ml commun propos adopt object member state ground subsidiar juli transport committe european parliament decid reconfirm read final request propos drawn reflect advanc assess measur requir reduc inappropri drink drive commiss consid nation european action reduc inappropri drink drive eu serv harmonis regim legal maximum bac limit provid clearer consist messag driver eu drink drive danger activ drive eu accept long stand nation polit object ground subsidiar measur intend renew origin propos direct line commit made commun road safeti prioriti commiss propos bring forward commiss recommend set commiss view number action relat bac limit random breath test harmonis measur standard breath test equip inform exchang practic support research develop support europ wide public campaign coordin alcohol relat road accid data record time commiss intend withdraw origin propos direct case member state reactiv consequ commun magnitud drink drive problem assess road safeti problem inappropri drink drive reduc member state estim driver traffic bac level respect maximum nation bac limit driver proportion involv road accid account fatal injuri driver fatal signific road safeti problem larg reduct drink drive road accid past twenti year commiss estim road user die annual road accid involv inappropri drink drive reason benchmark focu loss societi eu social lost life eur million rule formul eu road safeti programm amount eur billion annum justif maximum bac limit mg ml benefit harmonis bac limit eu main benefit uniform legal maximum bac limit eu provid clearer consist messag driver passeng freight vehicl limit drink drive danger activ driver perspect uniform limit provid standard refer nation enforc europ wide public campaign driver drive eu awar uniform limit caught commit drink drive offenc determin maximum bac limit eu european commiss view complet detach drink drive significantli reduc road accid fatal road accid statist live save annual drink drive elimin extent ideal state achiev depend critic level enforc roadsid test technolog driver restrict driver complianc law logic legal bac limit breath equival requir support goal impli practic bac measur mg ml mg ml depend toler level allow road safeti perspect complet elimin inappropri drink drive optimum goal accept public accept credibl enforc set bac limit low effect commiss view determin legal maximum bac limit regim limit eu issu account level risk accid involv fatal accid involv start increas significantli higher risk accid involv road user group inexperienc driver rider motoris wheel vehicl contribut driver train educ scheme younger driver potenti greater level death injuri damag disrupt congest delai accid larger vehicl commiss view gener consider made fact public attitud bac limit support lower limit eu basi accumul research evid analysi maximum bac limit mg ml propos decemb recommend maximum legal limit eu bac limit member state legal basi member state invok bac limit mg ml nation legisl legal limit driver deem commit crimin offenc bac limit administr fine addit sanction incur commiss recommend member state adopt maximum limit move lower limit interest increas road safeti commiss believ choic bac limit consequenti enforc penalti matter nation author reduct bac limit member state member state lower bac limit introduc legal limit gt tabl gt member state reduc bac limit introduc nation legisl gt tabl gt addit spain adopt lower bac limit mg ml inexperienc driver driver heavi good vehicl buse driver vehicl carri danger good austria adopt lower limit mg ml broad categori motorcyclist year ag netherland adopt lower bac limit mg ml inexperienc driver effect measur reduc inappropri drink drive evid research statist analys categori driver constitut core drink drive problem typic young inexperienc male driver driver habitu drive high bac level occasion drinker low bac level maximum allow limit toler alcohol difficult assess effect reduct bac limit specif effect obscur simultan enforc penalti public ampl evid australia japan unit state america eu member state gener reduct bac limit support effect enforc penalti public significantli reduc drink drive high risk offend role rehabilit signific tackl high risk offend evid show reduct bac level support enforc public significantli reduc drink drive impli unrealist degre complianc law summari evid set annex balanc evid bac reduct mg ml member state mg ml reduc casualti young male drinker hard core problem driver habitu drive drink excess long reduct accompani effect target random enforc support legal maximum bac limit effect enforc member state unit kingdom ireland itali luxembourg retain maximum legal bac limit mg ml case unit kingdom legal limit remain unchang set signific reduct inappropri drink drive unit kingdom decad fatal accid reduc achiev background unchang bac legisl effect enforc public campaign modifi drink drive behaviour commiss believ member state unit kingdom success reduc fatal drink drive accid reduct move lower maximum legal limit mg ml extend measur signific reduct member state adopt aa legal maximum limit mg ml lower expand enforc activ adopt rigor penalti driver convict inappropri drink drive commiss endors view extens regular random breath test cost effect deterr combat drink drive lower maximum legal bac limit mg ml specif group road user inexperienc driver clear inexperienc young driver disproportion involv drink drive accid risk involv drink drive accid inexperienc driver high compar experienc driver commiss believ lower bac limit mg ml driver learn drive possess full drive licenc year recommend member state adopt lower limit vulner group driver state impos longer period possess full drive licenc permit bac limit greater mg ml rider wheel motor vehicl rider wheel motor vehicl risk kill injur road accid statist time higher car driver rider young inexperienc rider drink drive risk alcohol impair statist european level conclus nation fatal statist rider wheel motor vehicl mix drink drive extent car driver adopt respons attitud greater risk accid involv state young rider young allow drive low power wheel motor vehicl ag profil rider low eu lower limit reinforc good ride habit instil train commiss believ high risk road accid involv road user group reflect lower maximum bac limit mg ml rider recommend member state adopt lower limit driver good vehicl tonn gvw buse passeng seat statist risk larg bu involv fatal injuri road accid greater car vehicl kilometr reflect greater passeng occup buse oper characterist larg good vehicl risk car vehicl kilometr rel risk appli total casualti risk accid involv vehicl buse carri passeng car occup casualti risk occup kilometr lower eu statist show fatal accid involv larg good vehicl buse account fatal accid eu road accid statist comprehens make detail evalu rel risk eu factor risk consid relat determin bac limit driver larg vehicl involv road accid larg vehicl potenti sever properti damag disrupt delai traffic congest tunnel bridg main arteri road dens popul urban area commiss believ growth commun freight bu passeng traffic past decad uniform maximum bac limit mg ml driver larg good vehicl buse recommend member state adopt lower limit commiss note oper adopt alcohol polici profession driver driver vehicl carri danger good evid suggest vehicl carri danger good involv road accid vehicl carri danger good car accid involv vehicl carri danger good potenti commiss believ lower maximum limit mg ml driver vehicl carri danger good recommend limit shoud adopt vehicl carri danger good greater tonn gvw estim fatal reduct effect measur reduc inappropri drink drive evid estim magnitud fatal reduct effect reduct bac limit support nation enforc public extrem complex task estim europ unit state america japan australia degre accid casualti reduct lower bac limit combin parallel measur reduc inappropri drink drive vari wide action effect effect cumul heavili influenc driver attitud behaviour evid summaris annex suggest concert effort reduc inappropri drink drive eu base regim uniform eu wide bac limit support nation enforc public realist reduc fatal road accid involv inappropri drink drive scientif base calcul repres reason minimum target base intern evid recognis relationship maximum legal bac limit incid inappropri drink drive clear factor influenc drink drive behaviour proport driver kill found relev bac limit vari wide member state commiss estim approxim eu proport kill driver found nation bac limit report higher north america legal bac limit vari mg ml lower japan limit fix mg ml hand unit kingdom significantli reduc inappropri drink drive twenti year mixtur enforc penalti link regular public campaign coordin limit mg ml reduc set approach reduc inappropri drink drive respons nation circumst degre success commiss take view mix measur reduc inappropri drink drive decid member state context common transport polici arrang uniform regim bac limit distribut fatal reduct effect reduct eu fatal accid involv inappropri drink drive save live annual repres total fatal toll road accid eu evid third live save annual driver relev bac limit remain sober driver vehicl occup road user proport fatal save vari member state greater reduct depend level enforc member state current level enforc low extens breath test strategi driver perceiv signific chanc test cost effect deterr concomit requir increas fund activ recommend gener limit mg ml mg ml categori driver affect member state member state arrang nation drink drive polici bac maximum limit mg ml sweden adopt lower bac maximum limit mg ml member state invok lower limit special categori driver accid casualti reduct effect aris reduc maximum bac limit vari member state determin effect nation enforc driver complianc econom impact quot econom problem quot remot rural area member state maximum bac limit mg ml unit kingdom ireland argu reduct mg ml assumpt drink behaviour drive practic lead reduct alcohol sale econom loss aris retail pub remot rural area mean transport privat car driver reduc consumpt alcohol frequenc pub visit commiss view social accid reduct lower drink drive limit commun back effect nation enforc train public outweigh econom loss region reason drive habit drink habit chang adapt separ drive drink bac level proven detriment drive abil note commiss recommend total ban alcohol driver addit public transport car share nomin drink driver moder drink behaviour switch alcohol alcohol drink option maintain social drink inevit conflict interest rememb road death econom cost eur million failur reduc inappropri drink drive real econom impact purpos recommend improv road safeti support alcohol market region addit resourc enforc lower bac limit introduct lower maximum bac limit depend drink drive behaviour increas burden polic enforc offic level enforc resourc nation enforc effort critic forc number accid due inappropri drink drive recent report european work group alcohol drug medicin highlight import enforc level enforc commun vari significantli adopt lower drink drive bac limit inevit resourc requir effect enforc deterr member state enforc level low meaning increas polic resourc enforc activ lower drink drive limit counter product limit polic resourc process driver detect low bac level reduc detect rate offend accid sustain enforc essenti gener effect deterr effect enforc programm random breath test expens resourc note random breath test cost effect worth invest unreason expect cost increas enforc bring reduct fatal year eu regim harmonis bac limit conserv eur billion year valuat expect fatal save addit recognis increas liaison nation polic forc offer scope improv effect enforc exist enforc resourc requir road accid statist nation level report european work group alcohol drug medicin highlight shortcom current statist alcohol relat accid systemat alcohol test driver road accid record result statist analysi essenti monitor effect measur reduc inappropri drink drive member state polic enforc expand result alcohol test fulli record nation road accid databas complet aclohol test breath blood result provid mean compar incid inappropri drink drive group driver eu level test result provid european commun road accid databas care sampl size significantli increas analysi bac distribut breath equival road user group european level provid uniqu european data sourc inform monitor effect drink drive polici substanti analyt ad deriv pool breath blood alcohol test level result addit commun action programm injuri prevent field public health epidemiolog monitor injuri mean commun system collect data inform injuri promot euphin european union public health inform network core injuri indic base mutual accept standard provid nation repres inform includ indic relev polici area provid safeti work transport civil protect standard alcohol test equip mandatori eu standard european work group alcohol drug medicin report broad support member state set mandatori eu measur standard evidenti breath test equip result evid court law abil supplement blood test result breath test machin import mean expand polic enforc member state maximum bac limit mg ml breath equival measur brac microgramm alcohol millilitr breath breath test devic market oper vari degre accuraci mean member state measur error bac brac equival level test driver allow measur error vari member state context harmonis maximum bac limit eu recommend bac limit mg ml mg ml includ allow measur error set harmonis measur standard test equip simpler reinforc harmonis bac brac limit base technic capabl approv test equip allow statist limit measur error close harmonis develop standard test equip member state includ gener toler measur bac level encourag apprehend driver opt breath test expens time consum blood test sweden low bac level mg ml oper toler level allow test result driver drink mg ml circumst purpos increas toler level increas level enforc evidenti breath test blood test carri level polic resourc toler level inevit determin member state balanc deterr effect legal bac limit deterr effect slightli higher allow bac level higher level enforc draft propos measur instrument direct develop commiss adopt harmonis requir measur accuraci evidenti breath test equip eu guidelin intern standard set organis international métrologiqu légale oiml member countri base legisl standard driver impair combin effect alcohol drug problem illeg drug recent research effect marijuana drive perform conclud driver impair effect cannabi produc dose tetrahydrocannabinol thc ug kg impair effect attribut drug bac level mg ml found dose thc combin alcohol suffici produc bac mg ml produc sever driver impair effect evid high risk driver rider increas cannabi detect thc illeg drug driver involv accid grow concern road safeti eu illeg drug unclear interact alcohol impair drive abil eu action plan drug endors european council feira ask commiss member state undertak research effect drive influenc illicit drug pharmaceut possess illeg drug definit offenc punish context nation legisl possess illeg drug punish offenc question drive whilst influenc illeg drug treat offenc drink drive consid member state aspect address recommend problem legal drug legal drug medicin combin alcohol driver impair effect import issu context increas accid risk huge number legal drug driver impair effect mean comprehens research effect alcohol benzodiazepin wide group medicin combin alcohol driver impair low dose combin alcohol cannabi issu effect legal drug driver complex topic specif aspect alcohol combin legal drug part member state deal issu nation legisl european level obviou benefit deriv exchang inform research result practic promot road safeti eu programm final prioriti eu road safeti progress report rank action strateg road safeti plan european union etsc februari report work group alcohol drug medicin high level group octob nhtsa report vol spring summer final final reduc traffic injuri result alcohol impair etsc januari report work group alcohol drug medicin high level group octob sartr social attitud road traffic risk europ council decis ec decis ec european parliament council februari adopt programm commun action injuri prevent framework action field public health marijuana alcohol actual drive perform nhtsa juli literatur review relat drug impair drive traffic accid section european monitor centr drug drug addict februari