commiss decis novemb declar concentr incompat common market case iv kesko tuko council regul eec english text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak amend act access austria finland sweden articl thereof regard commiss decis juli initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss regard opinion advisori committe concentr procedur consider concern request finnish offic free competit pursuant articl regul eec merger regul examin acquisit tuko oy kesko oy request receiv commiss june oper made offic free competit mean press releas kesko oy request pursuant articl made month period provid articl examin abovement request commiss conclud request admiss mean articl merger regul concentr rais doubt compat common market decis juli commiss initi proceed pursuant articl merger regul parti kesko oy kesko limit compani incorpor finland share capit kesko divid exclus share ordinari share ordinari share quot helsinki stock exchang holder ordinari share entitl vote hold share addit vote subsequ share holder ordinari share control kesko share capit vote exclus share principl held kesko retail retail pension fund organ close retail total number exclus share make kesko total capit carri vote share held addit vote subsequ share collect retail effect control major vote kesko arrang whilst confer retail joint control mean articl merger regul effect preclud parti acquir control kesko compani charter kesko member supervisori board retail supervisori board nomin decis make execut organ kesko kesko retail legal independ entrepreneur commonli refer block retail contractu bound kesko activ retail sale daili consum good special good kesko activ field daili consum good special good provis numer servic relat activ tuko oy tuko finnish limit compani activ wholesal retail daili consum good special good addit wholli own retail outlet tuko contractu agreement larg number legal independ retail tuko retail commonli refer block ii oper kesko acquir tuko share capit obtain vote right direct control tuko iii concentr oper constitut concentr mean articl merger regul iv commun dimens basi figur provid offic free competit combin world wide turnov kesko tuko exce ecu billion kesko tuko achiev third respect commun wide turnov finland concentr commun dimens mean articl effect trade member state kesko argu commiss compet assess acquisit tuko kesko view commiss exclud assess concentr request pursuant articl undertak concern realiz third commun wide turnov member state kesko argument stem misinterpret interpret note adopt time merger regul deal intent commiss appli residu power pursuant articl treati rome quantit criteria fulfil articl merger regul requir effect trade member state shown acquisit tuko kesko creat foreclosur effect entrant includ potenti entrant member state finnish market daili consum good addit larg amount product sold kesko tuko origin finland transact affect trade member state supplier member state effect requir access kesko distribut channel secur suffici market product finland compani member intern purchas organ similar compani member state spring kesko expand oper open retail outlet sweden chang structur finnish retail wholesal market daili consum good appreci influenc directli indirectli potenti pattern trade member state vi assess pursuant articl merger regul relev market kesko argu current oper assess wholesal retail level reason retail retail independ kesko tuko compani central unit assert base ground kesko tuko basic provid purchas market informat support servic retail retain larg freedom choic suppli sourc price polici commerci matter compet retail kesko argument accept assess competit impact concentr base structur element relat concentr parti thereto market concern respect analys intern relationship kesko group light major reorgan group implement analysi paragraph lead conclus oper assess retail level kesko includ retail central plan structur featur finnish retail market addit assess retail level assess wholesal level cash carri sale procur market daili consum good investig concentr primarili impact market retail market daili consum good market cash carri sale daili consum good market procur daili consum good retail market daili consum good relev product market rang good concern includ princip food drink tobacco food household consum clean product toiletri dispos paper product healthcar product common characterist product form part basket daili consum good consum expect find supermarket environ finnish groceri retail sector develop small special store butcher baker larger supermarket store consum behaviour develop competit finland todai take place supermarket store provid kind wide select enabl consum purchas household necess stop shop attend conveni park facil trollei previou commiss decis sector basket good suppli supermarket vari consider physic size smaller type outlet includ special store uncommon finland kiosk petrol station offer servic direct competit basket good concept petrol station sell area smaller smallest kesko tuko outlet sale daili consum good petrol station heavili focus dry good total sale tradit daili consum good outlet achiev sale fresh produc conclus relev market consist provis basket fresh dry food stuff food household consum sold supermarket environ market includ sale special store kiosk petrol station outlet provid servic complementari supermarket ii relev geograph market retail profession catchment area supermarket delimit boundari supermarket reach car minut consum viewpoint minut car journei offer choic supermarket smaller outlet offer basket good depend locat impractic defin combin permut function densiti distribut popul consum network supermarket degre overlap occur supermarket catchment area distribut consum popul determin competit interact geograph proxim supermarket extent knock chain reaction effect distant supermarket import paramet competit rang product sourc product qualiti servic level open hour advertis promot price campaign product decid local level region nation level decis gener implement number retail outlet region view aggreg viewpoint singl consum local market aggreg sale figur made principl indefinit number level finland concern widest geograph market nation reason languag differ consum purchas prefer kesko tuko main competitor oper retail outlet nation chain concept joint market price decis custom loyalti scheme advantag card applic finland factor wide geograph market assess oper decid final exact scope relev geograph market combin market share kesko tuko order assess nation region local level paragraph market cash carri sale daili consum good relev product market product handl wholesal daili consum good natur reflect sale product retail level product industri household commiss investig shown finnish market signific differ classic wholesal sale cash carri sale kesko argu classic wholesal market subdivid market negoti supplier central invoic logist kesko activ classic wholes vi vi extern custom minor import concentr rais competit problem field make assess kesko argument respect kesko tuko achiev signific turnov sale cash carri outlet term impli cash carri mean wholes classic wholes custom provid transport pai good cash credit cash carri advantag custom predict long term demand physic facil hold larg stock period time financi resourc guarante credit requir larg bulk purchas prefer bui smaller quantiti frequent basi custom gener smaller compani larger custom tend wholes kesko confirm repli commiss statement object distinct function cash carri outlet reflect number item hand cash carri outlet stock item classic wholesal unit smaller number item stock central warehous helsinki kesko tuko inex partner reflect fact kesko organ cash carri activ subsidiari main custom group cash carri outlet consist industri household hotel restaur hospit major custom small medium size compani reason mention paragraph larg unabl switch classic wholes tuko annual report total sale cash carri equal classic wholesal ratio number cash carri custom wholesal custom approxim show averag cash carri custom purchas quarter amount purchas averag classic wholesal custom main product group purchas custom dry food product account total sale kesko tuko market remain part made fresh food food product distinct characterist cash carri servic substanti major cash carri custom practic captiv custom event rise price good sold limit financi storag capac custom make uneconom switch classic wholes kesko state number custom classic wholes cash carri servic parallel draw conclus rise cash carri price custom switch classic wholes practic render price rise unprofit argument fallaci confus complementar substitut distinct differ classic wholes cash carri outlin clear limit number custom type servic regard complementari substitut custom find classic wholes suppli requir altern cash carri servic meet rest requir type good storag facil fulli util urgent top requir meet sudden surg demand exist limit number dual usag custom price rise cash carri custom switch classic wholes extent render cash carri price rise unprofit shield captiv custom cash carri reason sale cash carri outlet constitut relev product market separ wholes activ ii relev geograph market custom cash carri outlet profession custom industri household lesser extent retail purchas wide area cater transport good evid show custom cash carri bui region skew popul finland cash carri custom northern finland gener travel suppli custom south western finland hand region larger northern finland consid assess impact oper region level market procur daili consum good relev product market market involv sale daili consum good produc good custom wholesal retail enterpris produc suppli full rang daili consum good special individu product product group fresh product dry food food product demand side corpor custom larg supermarket chain attempt obtain condit purchas individu product meat can food product product product group constitut individu product market imperfectli substitut product product group point view demand side finland pattern demand product group broadli similar concentr paragraph assess impact concentr individu product group product suffici assess impact increas bui power brought demand structur rang daili consum good acknowledg produc food item distribut channel supermarket pharmaci unimport relat supermarket cash carri channel paragraph affect assess case ii relev geograph market product sold kesko tuko consist domest produc good manufactur product achiev turnov finland view supplier state regard finland relev geograph market import product sold kesko tuko small part percentag point import compani remain part purchas finnish subsidiari intern produc compani special trade import good good present concentr affect demand side market defin geograph market refer abil supplier switch mean channel good final consum manufactur question good special adapt sale finnish market packag languag access demand side retail cash carri custom gain finnish retail cash carri distribut channel intern manufactur switch finnish distribut channel conclud relev geograph market finland effect concentr daili consum good market vertic inter connect posit kesko tuko retail market daili consum good creat basi posit procur market vi vi supplier daili consum good convers posit procur level significantli affect posit retail level market cash carri sale connect posit procur market kesko tuko bui signific amount retail oper competit advantag smaller local cash carri oper retail daili consum good structur suppli voluntari retail chain finland tradition finnish retail market character exist import role plai voluntari retail chain field daili consum good chain finland block main object chain make bui promot larger scale individu retail common characterist retail chain benefit cooper secur contract contract principl horizont natur retail block reason simplic surveil conclud individu retail central organ group contract individu retail central organ focu standard behaviour individu retail limit independ area purchas identif promot sale polici kei import achiev purpos group level individu behaviour standard system successfulli implement depend competit relationship inter depend individu unit chain consist tuko kesko reorgan standard behaviour individu retail greater extent intern joint purchas organ similar organ extent involv compani absenc cooper direct competit achiev group purpos depend individu retail adhes joint polici set contract kesko entrust intern power mechan ensur individu retail adher common object intern power mechan includ incent creat scheme payment bonus provis servic relat busi retail di incent scheme remov benefit exclus threat thereof di incent scheme effect case kesko individu member made signific invest organ larg extent depend central organ busi oper natur structur block compani law perspect retail independ legal entiti entrepreneur carri econom risk busi reason state decis criterion assess kesko acquisit affect retail market common interest paragraph retail hold major vote kesko member kesko supervisori board nomin decis make execut organ kesko retail arrang reflect strong common interest retail agreement kesko retail retail agreement specifi gener right oblig retail chain agreement defin right oblig relat membership kesko chain paragraph retail agreement retail undertak carri main area activ retail profit attempt full advantag benefit joint purchas group privat label product retail justif treat kesko favour supplier chain agreement state retail chain agreement constitut basi cooper retail kesko main purpos agreement promot trade good parti retail kesko chain agreement retail bound decis chain board director market product enter basic select retail price campaign product result retail chain obtain total purchas kesko paragraph retail oblig includ kesko logotyp retail pai consider logotyp slogan intellectu properti right own kesko pai consider support servic provid kesko market assist retail pai indirect consider servic margin ad good transfer kesko chain control unit retail retail wish purchas market assist parti kesko practic pai servic conclud retail intend kesko provid support servic retail receiv bonus rebat kesko base volum purchas kesko fact rebat increas amount purchas typic incent retail remain loyal group strategi organ kesko kesko central organ group respons corpor plan group activ major reorgan programm implement group organiz structur main focu reorgan remodel exist retail nation kesko chain consist retail outlet common characterist term identif logotyp size sale area basic product assort cooper joint advertis campaign paragraph detail descript chain support retail reform match chain control unit creat kesko foodstuff divis chain control unit form board director made retail chain nationwid manag chain correspond respons chain control unit total oper kesko employe includ coordin activ retail chain purchas market sale polici joint campaign chain control unit serv kesko profit centr calcul kesko profit margin jointli purchas good chain resal retail chain control unit part kesko foodstuff divis share common manag structur report manag kesko execut vice presid import integr part reorgan store chain equip date inform system suitabl kesko network comput system retail store continu own kesko complet project possibl rapidli transmit inform group significantli improv fact kesko publicli state commit increas inform technolog line develop retail group europ instal check scanner connect central comput basi increas coordin stock control product rang select flow price inform retail decis sourc kesko argu retail decis sourc independ kesko support view kesko averag store chain retail total suppli purchas kesko wholesal function suppli directli produc retail invoic kesko commiss investig strongli produc suppli product perceiv kesko retail integr entiti irrespect fact actual contact point entiti differ circumst irrespect sale channel emploi classic wholes central invoic support fact purchas retail invoic kesko base invoic agreement conclud kesko supplier retail sale channel activ involv kesko relat invoic transact kesko legal possess good question resold retail order good transact includ kesko annual incom statement sale separ kesko classic wholesal sale invoic agreement conclud kesko supplier gener market support fee rebat base sale volum grant supplier kesko fee rebat main method supplier differenti custom base purchas group includ sale kesko capac wholesal purchas made directli retail base invoic agreement supplier agre pai support kesko posit ascertain fulfil agreement achiev set volum target carri agre promot campaign store level kesko state routin work kesko personnel handl invoic pai attent individu product price invoic conclud kesko handl million invoic transact year concern transact involv retail possibl gain enorm amount inform price commerci term appli individu supplier kesko ascertain market fee bonus receiv agreement supplier total amount view commiss accept total retail suppli invoic physic deliv kesko regard sourc independ kesko contrari clear kesko central role relat conclud suppli pass kesko warehous facil classic wholesal deliv directli retail basic logist question depend type good involv size order retail decis market price kesko argu independ retail vi vi kesko demonstr retail freedom individu commerci behaviour market advertis price support alleg kesko suppli studi price dispers advertis behaviour commiss identifi weak methodolog emploi studi present data base lack clariti select criteria term store product geograph distribut period studi methodolog problem vital import studi common featur alleg individu freedom demonstr compar price advertis behaviour kesko chain individu behaviour chain kesko chain creat kesko join store present similar characterist defin chain polici chain expect result price advertis behaviour differ chain studi view respect individu kesko chain high degre concert behaviour found advertis studi show amount spent joint advertis chain studi continu state retail chain compet gener place joint advertis advertis separ similarli studi purpos show differ advertis price dai period confirm retail chain show high degre conform view kesko role organ retail chain conclud differ term advertis price behaviour exist chain part central plan strategi kesko group ownership busi premis state kesko respons develop mainten network outlet block area strateg import kesko ownership busi premis retail activ conduct kesko balanc sheet properti invest amount third total fix asset strateg import kesko attribut owner retail busi premis demonstr fact retail outlet plan built kesko continu own kesko leas retail kesko interest maintain ownership busi premis clear larger outlet specif kesko own busi premis citymarket rimi store supermarket market neighbourhood store chain oper premis own kesko major gt total turnov retail realiz oper kesko own busi premis retail oper premis own kesko enter collabor agreement kesko set principl kesko busi premis oper fee calcul turnov profit margin retail kesko receiv rent retail approv kesko transfer sell leas busi concern retail oper busi premis own kesko limit possibl transfer busi retail exclus territori retail fact retail agreement kesko oblig accept retail outlet set area collabor agreement termin kesko valid reason relat develop network financi commit oblig retail includ own minimum exclus share kesko greater share repres equival week purchas kesko includ amount invoic kesko averag number share held retail repres stock market ecu share pawn vähittäiskaupan takau oy vt collater retail purchas kesko vt own directli kesko own retail associ individu retail remain share held organ close partli own kesko organ import sharehold kesko finnish law kesko allow accept share collater sharehold structur vt clear retail point view share effect pawn kesko conclus kesko central organ kesko group respons plan execut group structur recent reorgan organ retail nation kesko chain specif characterist control unit kesko compani conclud horizont cooper lack competit kesko chain constitut structur featur kesko group finnish retail market true competit exist chain main element competit fact central plan kesko retail bear financi risk busi oper agreement conclud kesko accept adher principl plan kesko group fact retail make major invest kesko acquisit share compani receiv number support servic kesko exclus territori mean kesko time outlet set area creat strong combin incent di incent retail rent busi premis kesko remain loyal kesko kesko chain retail analysi relationship kesko retail applic relationship tuko retail assess final posit retail prior concentr fact kesko control tuko confer abil organ retail similar organ retail chain kesko stronger posit vi vi retail tuko oper effect make imposs retail join compet voluntari chain transact increas depend retail kesko view abovement element agreement group organiz characterist ownership busi premis financi commit kesko includ retail central plan structur featur finnish retail market kesko assert competit impact oper assess retail level accept similarli retail integr part kesko group oper nation chain oper kesko tuko kesko smallest kesko shop includ neighbourhood store chain shop shop finland averag sale area averag number item sold shop averag annual turnov shop ecu kesko basic rang product decid chain board director cover sale sale result joint campaign kesko supermarket kk shop finland averag sale area sell item averag annual turnov kk shop ecu kesko basic rang product decid chain board director cover sale sale result joint campaign kesko superstor kkk shop finland averag sell item shop averag turnov ecu kesko basic rang product decid chain board director cover sale sale result joint campaign largest shop kesko citymarket kkkk shop finland addit daili consum good special good section oper kesko daili consum good section citymarket averag sell item averag turnov ecu kesko basic rang product decid chain board director cover sale sale result joint campaign final discount rimi store averag sale area sell item averag turnov ecu rimi store product includ basic rang product decid chain board director sale result joint campaign kesko annual report store base cost effici uniformli inexpens price noteworthi agreement rimi retail kesko basic oblig kesko agreement retail sourc suppli similar chain purchas independ kesko remain purchas kesko kesko classic wholesal invoic kesko kesko involv invoic transact analys paragraph kesko suppli exact figur clear kesko wholesal unit repres major sourc chain dry food nonfood articl invoic relat fresh produc tuko recent reorgan retail organ major group import group spar chain consist sparstor sparmarket superspar store sparstor averag sell item turnov ecu figur sparmarket item ecu superspar store item ecu tuko own oper anttila depart store daili consum good section averag sale area sell item turnov ecu smallest outlet tuko group tarmo store group consist store retail agreement unsuit convers spar concept relat tuko base tarmo promis tuko free charg grant shop tarmo concept develop tuko return store inter alia stock basic product rang particip joint market advertis materi decid tuko total tarmo store finland averag size sell item averag turnov ecu ii cooper organ finnish daili consum good market cooper retail group suomen osuuskauppojen keskuskunta sok tradeka oy tradeka osuusliik elanto elanto cooper retail group base cooper societi own principl member consum cooper societi oper chain retail outlet fulli own manag retail outlet group employe group sok sok oper nation chain outlet prisma market citysoko sale alepa outlet cooper nation region region cooper region board director includ repres sok decid market price polici chain price differ region due transport cost mean price higher northern finland rare conflict aris region cooper board sok settl disput sok respons plan build outlet outlet set sok remain part consist smaller older store prisma chain consist larg outlet averag sell area number item sold outlet smaller kesko citymarket averag turnov order citymarket market chain consist outlet outlet categori kk shop term sell area number item averag turnov chain oper sok discount sale alepa store outlet smaller kesko rimi store categori addit activ retail daili consum good sok own inex partner oy remain compani activ wholesal daili consum good own tradeka sok activ hotel restaur sector tradeka elanto tradeka elanto cooper organ tradeka activ basic finland elanto activ concentr greater helsinki area group due financi difficulti undergo reorgan accord finnish act reorgan compani affect compani end partli result reorgan programm tradeka elanto enter reach cooper cover coordin outlet purchas select custom loyalti scheme personnel administr inform technolog due cooper assess compani part group tradeka oper chain daili consum good outlet largest outlet euromarket finland outlet slightli smaller kesko super store kkk term sale area number item sold averag turnov valintatalo market oper elanto smaller unit basic rang tuko sparmarket siwa store oper elanto basic rang tarmo store tradeka outlet oper busi premis own tuko addit oper valintatalo siwa outlet helsinki area elanto oper hypermarket maxi outlet marketta outlet smaller shop iii stockmann wihuri sentra largest privat compani field retail daili consum good oy stockmann ab stockmann depart store sesto discount store southern finland total turnov sale daili consum good ecu million stockmann carri kesko logo enter retail agreement kesko kesko main supplier stockmann sell privat label product kesko tuko agreement kesko stockmann cross ownership wihuri oy privat own compani oper larg eurospar outlet smaller ruokavarasto outlet south western finland total sale amount ecu million wihuri compani origin found tuko own larg block share compani part concentr present assess sold kesko wihuri activ wholesal tuko wihuri main supplier daili consum good wihuri conclud long term suppli contract tuko sentra oy run larg eurospar outlet smaller prima rabatti daili consum outlet area uusimaa southern finland total turnov ecu million wihuri sentra larg sharehold tuko tuko sentra main supplier daili consum good includ privat label product sentra conclud long term suppli contract tuko addit sentra leas half busi premis tuko leas contract connect abovement suppli contract sentra wihuri tuko oy hallman compani outlet part spar chain oper tuko eurospar oy franchisor eurospar trademark finland investig reveal stockmann commonli refer part kesko group wihuri sentra similarli refer part tuko group paragraph iv compani market nielsen finland newslett privat daili consum good shop finland shop categori tuko extent kesko main supplier combin market share group repres decreas unit ii market share nation level acquisit tuko kesko finnish retail daili consum good concentr european union netherland denmark sweden singl group daili consum good retail nation market median figur member state order concentr block account paragraph sale daili consum good finland nation sale daili consum good illustr tabl gt tabl gt tabl combin nation sale kesko tuko time larger largest competitor sok nielsen regist market share compani tabl kesko stabl year main group report actual sale daili consum good commiss figur total size market smaller report nielsen turn figur report nielsen includ sale product group report lower actual figur commiss figur alter rel posit kesko tuko vi vi sok tradeka elanto kesko argument market share repli commiss statement pursuant articl kesko argu combin market share kesko tuko retail level kesko claim find support recent figur nielsen relat retail sale week deduct market share retail organ stockmann sentra wihuri tarmo includ nielsen figur kesko tuko weaker link ii refer period nielsen data kesko base alleg appli methodolog includ kiosk nielsen data previous suppli commiss kesko explain reason figur repres select week presum degre reliabl figur repres full year fulli account exist season variat addit period chosen kesko reflect abnorm period kesko undergo major reorganiz measur period tuko period chosen kesko show abnorm result repres period kesko process take ownership tuko view assess effect exclud abovement retail organ point departur abovement figur iii inclus stockmann wihuri sentra nielsen data collect mean telephon interview outlet ask identifi belong main group includ group clear group includ nielsen regist due statement effect kesko tuko consult committe nielsen regist retail daili consum good clear kesko tuko consid includ retail organ respect figur exist link kesko tuko retail group stockmann retail agreement cross share hold kesko paragraph tuko ownership busi premis sentra paragraph tuko activ role oper tarmo chain paragraph commiss continu opinion kesko post merger signific influenc retail group choic wholesal supplier consist kesko tuko effect remov oper final decid question sale figur suppli stockmann wihuri sentra exclud compani market share kesko tuko combin market share exce nation basi compani exclud kesko post merger market share time high closest competitor sok similarli effect exclud group limit effect region level paragraph region level sale broken statist area nielsen monitor retail sale finland combin kesko tuko share vari area overlap kesko tuko signific tuko share sale vari time sok sale repres area combin sale tradeka elanto vari share group vari region statist provid annex major group suppli actual sale figur area nielsen actual figur lower nielsen result similar commiss inform actual sale group exclus group increas combin kesko tuko share vi vi sok tradeka elanto explain paragraph kesko argu sale stockmann sentra wihuri tarmo exclud retail market share commiss continu opinion kesko post merger signific influenc compani question left open exclus significantli affect assess region level mention retail organ activ region finland exclus impact region region combin market share kesko tuko organ exclud region kesko post merger market share time higher largest competitor effect exclud tarmo chain similarli minor effect chain kesko nation market share spread outlet finland local level nielsen statist local level finland divid area sok area small repres catchment area larger outlet commiss access relev turnov figur level stockmann wihuri sentra includ figur kesko tuko limit activ compani explain paragraph conclud significantli affect reliabl figur present nielsen statist show combin kesko tuko share sale area combin sale exce area statist area kesko tuko achiev sale area kesko tuko achiev singli sale area final statist show area kesko tuko achiev sale view widespread natur oper presum area overlap kesko tuko cover minor part finnish popul function local statist uusimaa area region surround helsinki broken statist area clear area small repres catchment area region inter alia fail account major part popul uusimaa work central region helsinki good opportun shop close vicin place work drive home work case local area provid indic combin strength kesko tuko local level statist figur uusimaa present uusimaa area underst posit kesko tuko helsinki area dens popul area number competitor greatest elanto activ uusimaa area combin kesko tuko share sale local area area final area share area iii factor combin market share kesko tuko assess local region nation level creat presumpt domin presumpt strengthen kesko tuko posit larg retail outlet control signific part busi premis suit retail outlet finland custom loyalti scheme privat label product distribut system posit central organ buyer daili consum good factor contribut rais signific barrier entri finnish market retail wholesal daili consum good examin larg retail outlet largest unit outlet hypermarket locat centr locat provid free park space custom hypermarket gener consid significantli greater catchment area smaller outlet hypermarket import activ hypermarket competit impact larger number outlet smaller outlet clear trend finnish retail market daili consum good hypermarket gain sale expens smaller retail outlet sale hypermarket grew ecu million kehittyvä kauppa magazin publish retail associ notabl kesko tuko account third total increas hypermarket time sale outlet fell greatest fall term minu ecu million experienc outlet sell area kehittyvä kauppa magazin hypermarket defin outlet sell area exceed studi conduct kpmg manag consult finnish market retail daili consum good hypermarket finland defin outlet sell area exceed kesko argu definit larg retail outlet sale area exceed date figur kesko inconsist respect figur divid store size studi price dispers attach kesko written repli commiss statement object kesko refer oral hear held case octob kesko present materi sale area daili consum good hypermarket annual report page kesko consid superstor citymarket larg retail unit commiss receiv inform averag sell area outlet chain oper kesko tuko competitor inform retail chain oper finland averag sell area excess kesko citymarket chain closest averag sell area reason mention finnish popul small dispers unreason assess advantag result strong posit larg retail outlet basi sell area account outlet sell area exceed clear posit kesko tuko strong illustr tabl gt tabl gt fact averag sell area outlet tabl outlet share common characterist averag number item sold gt averag yearli turnov gt ecu million main group chain closest qualifi criteria tuko spar anttila outlet averag sell area criteria largest sok outlet market finland criteria outlet categori kesko market largest tradeka elanto outlet valintatalo chain smaller view trend finland grow import larger outlet stronger posit kesko tuko outlet increas domin creat combin market share ii control busi premis suitabl retail outlet possibl acquir leas busi premis suitabl oper retail daili consum good vital import profit oper kesko tuko long period built extens experi area busi premis manag explain kesko tuko signific share busi premis respect group addit tuko own busi premis oper competitor note percentag busi premis own kesko tuko high larger retail outlet kei import group ownership busi premis guarante locat remain group retail present oper termin busi oper set retail outlet daili consum good requir number permit local author import approv alter citi plan competitor kesko tuko approv difficult acquir larger outlet area citi plan case locat suitabl hypermarket compani want set outlet start process local author draw citi plan procedur year finland administr procedur involv citi plan parti appeal set retail outlet competitor kesko occas possibl delai set retail outlet appeal lodg process year kesko tuko control signific number busi premis suit retail daili consum good extens experi manag premis serv maintain increas strength domin posit held kesko tuko retail market iii custom loyalti scheme kesko oper success advantag card exist charg credit card total close advantag card issu tuko activ area tuko issu sparcard advantag card total shop finland includ shop supermarket special good outlet addit creat incent custom loyalti card serv import market tool kesko inform receiv custom purchas habit market time direct target group kesko argu block number fewer cardhold competitor person household card argument irrelev commiss assess kesko posit market loyalti card kei issu relat card potenti flow inform custom purchas habit take consider high market share kesko acquisit tuko possibl kesko inform improv level competitor match kesko state repli commiss statement object inform consum purchas habit divers comput system retail annual report kesko declar decis provid store date inform system suitabl network make larg invest retail inform system leas equip retail annual report kesko announc compani tietokesko oy linkki oy organ subsidiari respons kesko store inform technolog start oper septemb function linkki oy provid group retail store inform technolog servic chain oper addit abovement chain agreement kesko retail state competit advantag chain strengthen compat inform system central decis make chain retail effect basi inform receiv therefrom agreement state retail inform system accord chain group inform system architectur compat system chain retail chain common product group updat code inform system date time collabor agreement kesko retail kesko offer retail servic includ plan inform system solut give train advic clear develop compat retail kesko inform system common inform plai import role kesko recent reorgan acquisit tuko coverag advantag card expand cover tuko outlet tuko issu sparcard custom shop tuko outlet expect acquir card potenti increas number issu advantag card realiz give kesko signific advantag term knowledg custom purchas habit market effort increas loyalti custom iv privat brand kesko state sale chain sale privat label product pirkka account sale addit kesko sell jointli ica sweden hakon gruppen norwai product privat label diva menu inform receiv commiss kesko privat label account total sale product group tuko spar chain total sale account eldorado product unclear product sold spar smart brand includ figur tuko addit mention earlier privat brand product kesko tuko sold stockmann possibl competitor kesko tuko manag establish success privat brand product annual report spar organ privat label product vital element product mix continu account continu proport total sale sourc privat label product encourag consum make repeat visit retail stock premium brand product product group privat label product offer advantag kesko tuko retail oper advantag product sold retail perceiv competitor privat label product gener sold lower retail price brand product margin product fact set higher level compar brand product compet retail produc brand product privat label product kesko tuko negoti tool vi vi supplier conclus strong posit privat label product kesko tuko provid advantag term custom loyalti possibl abil price greater proport sale account reaction competitor brand product distribut system kesko subsidiari kesp oy activ inter alia transport daili consum good tuko transport activ carri finnfrost oy joint ventur tuko inex partner inform receiv commiss system offer distribut system frozen food finland acquisit tuko increas kesko possibl influenc condit daili consum good transport finland increas depend vi vi kesko compet parti retail industri household small medium size produc frozen food transport servic compani frozen product constitut import integr part basket daili consum good kesko control distribut system constitut signific barrier entri retail market vi advantag result increas bui power posit kesko acquisit tuko agreement kesko supplier guarante shelf space retail outlet repres finnish market creat uniqu purchas power hand kesko strengthen posit cash carri market paragraph strength creat gate keeper effect increas combin success kesko tuko privat label product negoti tool vi vi supplier achiev addit concess inter alia reduc price increas market support post merger kesko obtain lower price produc extent competitor match act di incent kesko competitor activ compet price kesko make entri market difficult act signific barrier entri market kesko purchas power abil act signific extent independ competitor retail market vii conclus acquisit tuko kesko hold market share finnish market retail daili consum good assess local region nation level posit strengthen special factor explain rais barrier entri make difficult exist competitor compet activ market strength kesko make extrem sok tradeka elanto smaller privat competitor kesko restrict kesko behaviour market signific increas consum price commiss investig show kesko competitor fulli awar domin posit held kesko acquisit wai kesko posit reason commiss conclus concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit finnish market retail daili consum good effect competit significantli imped cash carri market structur suppli cash carri market finnish market cash carri sale daili consum good concentr respect note larg major cash carri custom captiv form distribut paragraph kesko tuko oper outlet finland inex partner sister compani meira nova activ cash carri busi outlet oper kesko tuko cash carri outlet finland oper wihuri oper heinon tukku veljekset halonen oy halonen geograph dispers cash carri outlet oper compani illustr tabl gt tabl gt note local cash carri compani link tuko tuko invoic part sale custom addit tuko main supplier wihuri retail oper ii market share total cash carri sale kesko finland ecu million made sale industri household period tuko achiev total sale ecu million made sale industri household combin sale kesko tuko market ecu million time combin sale compani activ cash carri market measur nation level combin market share kesko tuko reach cash carri custom transport purchas good nation market share kesko tuko provid indic combin strength field region level statist area tabl combin market share kesko tuko exce area fact combin market share exce area uusimaa heinon tukku strong posit region kesko cash carri oper concentr area posit creat acquisit tuko iii conclus acquisit tuko kesko creat domin suppli structur finnish market cash carri sale daili consum good combin market share region addit posit strengthen kesko bui power explain retail market paragraph extrem wihuri heinon tukku halonen link tuko restrict kesko action increas price investig shown local cash carri compani limit possibl restrict kesko abus strong posit concentr reason commiss conclus concentr lead creation strengthen domin posit finnish market cash carri daili consum good effect competit significantli imped market procur daili consum good import distribut channel daili consum good retail supermarket state paragraph combin nation share kesko tuko retail market daili consum good import channel sale cash carri outlet market combin nation market share kesko tuko kesko tuko total sale cash carri market equal retail sale guarante kesko extrem power negoti posit vi vi produc daili consum good distribut channel supermarket pharmaci produc food sector clear distribut channel domin kesko tuko viabl altern distribut channel major produc kesko state central invoic concern term price product negoti directli supplier retail commiss investig strongli negoti produc kesko involv personnel emploi kesko compani retail appli negoti product price market support fee import finland mean produc grant concess import custom event commiss maintain content paragraph produc perceiv kesko integr entiti irrespect contact point sale channel produc feel weaker negoti posit convinc negoti stanc block wider sens econom rational block increas purchas power fact proclaim kesko annual report state aim recent reorgan increas kesko purchas power indic magnitud bui power kesko tuko major supplier includ major multin repli commiss investig depend kesko tuko approxim total sale finland depend supplier differ natur size busi consum percept product larg produc highli regard brand product countervail power vi vi kesko vital import small medium size produc maintain sale kesko present level kesko depend individu supplier extent kesko provid seri statist purport show depend produc term percentag individu product purchas individu produc percentag high exceed supplier product group cite event product group kesko switch supplier altern larg produc adequ capac meet increas short term demand produc hand similar possibl switch kesko post merger kesko retail competitor capac market addit retail capac brought stream medium long term recent develop retail enhanc bui power merg entiti privat label develop kei element power wield retail vi vi brand daili consum good produc enabl retail inevit privi commerci sensit detail brand good produc product launch promot strategi act competitor kei custom produc privileg posit increas leverag enjoi retail brand good produc kesko tuko market success privat label product dimens retail control inform emerg increas store payment card loyalti card enabl retail make target appeal individu consum base pattern past purchas socio demograph profil potenti combin expans kesko tuko card scheme enhanc negoti power vi vi produc enjoi access inform consum behaviour reason concentr lead domin posit retail cash carri market commiss opinion increas bui power kesko reinforc domin posit kesko retail cash carri market kesko bui power emploi strategi long term effect weaken posit competitor potenti competit foreign entri market discuss main reason kesko acquisit tuko enjoi strong bui posit import custom major produc daili consum good finland geograph posit reduc scope potenti entrant achiev economi scale scope expans busi oper finland acquisit tuko offer window opportun enter finnish market effect compani finland acquisit achiev similar result presum foreign compani wish enter finnish market prepar invest signific amount find develop retail outlet market brand invest larg extent recover entri show unsuccess kesko food retail undergo process internation demonstr fact western european compani expand oper countri origin view commiss contact compani mention kesko potenti entrant finnish market compani expand retail oper abroad compani import criteria assess enter market relat exist competit avail local partner supplier wholesal access competit price good access suffici number good store locat local spend power strengthen kesko posit market make doubt potenti entrant find abovement criteria fulfil prior concentr entrant establish cooper tuko wholesal concentr entrant find difficult find local wholesal supplier cooper secur suppli price compar kesko potenti entrant experi difficulti secur access store locat inter alia exist possibl finnish law appeal citi plan decis paragraph increas kesko bui power constitut signific barrier foreign entri kei question potenti entrant secur access daili consum good price entrant effect compet kesko appli market cash carri sale hypothet scenario foreign compani enter finnish market retail daili consum good entri impact posit kesko demonstr sweden market respect similar characterist finnish market norwegian compani rema state kesko entrant finnish market enter swedish market discount store concept compani market share sweden year oper theoret logic potenti entrant finnish market compani strong posit sweden norwai compani situat closest finnish market term geographi market structur kesko extens cooper swedish market leader ica norwegian market leader hakon gruppen cooper includ joint purchas cooper privat label product diva similarli tuko extens cooper swedish dagab danish dagrofa norwegian unil involv joint ownership eldorado privat label conclus past entri market kesko hold domin posit concentr kesko acquir tuko realiz acquisit tuko serv window opportun enter finnish market high risk conclud concentr increas barrier entri extrem entri complet acquisit vii undertak propos kesko letter octob kesko submit propos undertak order remov doubt rais compat concentr common market kesko propos contain undertak sell tuko previou activ relat wholes daili consum good tuko cash carri outlet sell retail outlet spar store own tuko kesko propos complet undertak end year kesko propos divestitur form basi creation block retail market newco addit retail store mention block consist retail group stockmann wihuri sentra tarmo paragraph combin market share newco kesko market posit newco newco consist retail organ nation market share organ previou tuko legal incorpor newco organ stockmann wihuri sentra tarmo heterogen group retail organ connect newco weaker kesko tuko concentr consist sale agreement newco region skew outlet south west finland newco competit disadvantag vi vi kesko weak larg size outlet joint privat label custom loyalti scheme newco competit disadvantag concern logist distribut outlet major spar store sold newco oper profit lastli newco competit disadvantag concern purchas conclud purchas agreement volum kesko neg impact newco cash carri activ view repres produc competitor custom contact commiss opinion newco act integr competitor medium long term compani contact repli interest acquir newco market posit kesko propos measur spite kesko propos concentr retail spar retail constitut essenti element concentr combin organ market share approach spar store divest repres tuko turnov retail level figur respect born mind prior concentr kesko highest nation market share retail daili consum good eu face competit tuko sok market share approxim kesko propos implement kesko market share time larger sok newco reason weaker competitor tuko past repres produc competitor custom contact commiss opinion concentr significantli increas kesko market share reduc competit strength retail market oper propos remedi result domin posit competitor due inher weak newco kesko regain market share seemingli transfer newco medium term comment main competit concern identifi commiss concern retail market main market term turnov direct impact finnish consum reason state kesko propos insuffici deal problem identifi market kesko offer undertak address problem identifi retail market problem identifi remain retail market doubt propos remov competit concern cash carri market newco possibl tuko compet kesko achiev advantag purchas condit conclud remedi propos kesko capabl remov domin posit retail market daili consum good finland concentr author basi propos made kesko viii conclus result concentr kesko oy acquir domin posit finnish market retail daili consum good cash carri sale daili consum good concentr implement commiss separ decis base articl regul eec adopt measur order restor condit effect competit adopt decis articl concentr kesko oy acquir sole control tuko oy purchas share declar incompat common market function eea agreement articl decis address kesko oy satamakatu fin helsinki brussel novemb commiss karel van miert member commiss oj correct version oj oj judgment court justic ec case société techniqu minièr maschinenbau ulm ecr case iv promod brmc rimi store chain agreement board fix price basic select publish version decis inform omit replac rang pursuant articl regul eec disclosur busi secret statist provid aim kesko nation market share tarmo store annex witheld public version confidenti reason päivittäistavarakaupan kansainvälinen tehokkuusvertailu helsinki octob