commiss decis januari declar concentr incompat common market function eea agreement case comp sca metsä tissu notifi document number english text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak amend regul ec articl thereof regard commiss decis septemb initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss regard opinion advisori committe concentr august commiss receiv notif pursuant articl regul eec merger regul propos concentr sca mölnlyck hold bv sca acquir sole control metsä tissu corpor mt examin notif commiss conclud notifi oper fall scope merger regul rais doubt compat common market creat strengthen domin posit result effect competit significantli imped common market substanti part territori cover eea agreement septemb commiss decid initi proceed pursuant articl merger regul articl eea agreement parti sca wholli own subsidiari svenska cellulosa ab forest industri compani specialis manufactur hygien product transport packag graphic paper sca manufactur distribut varieti tissu base hygien product eea mt activ product tissu product bake cook paper major own metsä serla corp finnish forest industri compani mt product site sweden germani finland poland canari isl ii oper concentr sca propos acquir sole control mt oper form part extens exchang asset svenska cellulosa metsä serla involv notifi transact case comp metsä serla modo case comp sca packag metsä corrug present oper propos transact sca acquir sole control mt constitut concentr mean articl merger regul iii commun dimens combin aggreg worldwid turnov undertak concern exce eur million sca eur million mt eur million aggreg commun wide turnov undertak concern exce eur million sca eur million mt eur million undertak concern achiev third aggreg commun wide turnov member state notifi oper commun dimens mean articl merger regul notifi transact constitut cooper case pursuant articl eea agreement articl protocol agreement case fall assess commiss cooper efta surveil author accord articl eea agreement iv compat common market parti manufactur rang tissu paper product toilet tissu kitchen towel handkerchief napkin product process essenti involv stage process stock prepar wood paper pulp wast paper treat make suitabl run paper machin product parent reel base paper treat pulp wast paper convers parent reel end product packag larg manufactur gener vertic integr product stage whilst smaller oper activ convers stage parent reel raw materi tissu product product scale intens activ gener requir product equip run continu capac convert stage parent reel unwound cut decor emboss fold perfor packag final product stage scale intens base paper product specialis equip requir number product relev product market parti activ overlap suppli parent reel convert product tissu parent reel line definit kimberli clark scott case sca submit tissu parent reel singl relev product market tissu parent reel made pulp wast paper combin parti produc parent reel intern consumpt sell excess product parti convert time inadequ intern product parti purchas parent reel tissu produc relev product market consid suppli parent reel parti convert product final convert product suppli retail consum product home afh distributor group includ suppli hotel restaur cater firm corpor custom toilet tissu napkin sold consum product afh product consum product afh product constitut separ product market sold distribut channel custom substitut consist commiss conclus kimberli clark scott decis confirm commiss inquiri consum product notif sca submit data base separ product market consum product toilet tissu kitchen towel handkerchief facial tissu napkin consid separ product market differ price physic characterist end market investig confirm product consid distinct relev product market brand privat label consum product market brand privat label product parti strong nordic brand activ suppli privat label product sweden norwai finland parti sale predominantli made privat label sca consid brand privat label product product market kimberli clark scott issu extent final consum consid brand privat label tissu product market discuss extens commiss found retail store unit kingdom privat label product price rel lead brand product consum switch brand privat label product respons promot campaign parti parti present econometr studi base nielsen supermarket scanner data directli assess price brand product constrain price privat label product commiss acknowledg base studi submit exclud privat label compet brand product retail level respond commiss investig present case opinion brand product privat label product market retail level kimberli clark scott commiss consid true competit signific oper impact brand tissu product market entiti import brand relev geograph market unit kingdom ireland commiss continu presenc brand import major retail privat label sale increasingli import brand product attract shopper provid adequ rang choic offer consum refer point merit store brand evalu larg retail question commiss consid major brand entiti essenti brand commiss conclud retail depend entiti essenti brand suppli privat label product commiss focus adequ suppli capac meet requir retail market investig present case confirm merg parti custom substanti differ brand product privat label product procur supermarket main buyer type product clear distinct purchas brand product supermarket choos stock brand depend combin factor influenc brand downstream market posit consum loyalti price promot activ supermarket realist choos brand present market manufactur countri retail locat countri parti activ number potenti supplier limit privat label product supermarket determin qualiti quantiti product supplier produc order market left retail decid issu packag promot effort compar brand product process supermarket readili switch privat label volum tissu manufactur spare capac custom typic ask bid number produc custom specif qualiti product term contract respect privat label contract view toll manufactur arrang contract award bid process termin period short bid process repeat month number potenti supplier determin element qualiti transport cost spare capac reliabl deliveri respond underlin import time deliveri choic supplier produc present sale distribut channel area order consid realist potenti supplier differ function market brand privat reflect produc margin typic higher brand product privat label product technic switch product brand privat label product manufactur produc brand privat label product prefer capac product brand product result owner strongli posit tissu brand kimberli clark procter amp gambl lesser extent fort jame clear focu brand product produc privat label extent utilis spare product capac gain economi scale larg number italian manufactur hand clear focu product privat label product manufactur cost build brand awar creat import barrier enter brand market sca player balanc presenc brand privat label market respect share brand privat label vari significantli countri sca activ suppli brand privat label tissu product characteris set competitor limit econom incent financi capabl challeng product market repli commiss statement object pursuant articl merger regul hereinaft quot repli quot sca claim commiss decis regard privat label brand product separ market wholesal level ignor fact product competit retail level commiss accept competit product retail level commiss consid rel price wholesal level necessarili transmit fulli retail level retail instanc choos reduc margin rais retail price fulli line increas wholesal price possibl mention retail respons increas suppli price privat label product commiss consid brand privat label consum tissu product compet retail level separ market wholesal level basi commiss consid purpos present case brand privat label consum product separ relev product market event commiss consid market investig support sca product market definit examin competit impact notifi oper brand privat label product constitut singl relev product market competit assess notifi oper lead result matter product market definit adopt afh product sca provid data product market afh sector toilet tissu hand wipe dry hand wipe gener wipe health care examin couch cover patient washcloth napkin sca consid afh toilet tissu distinct relev product market afh product group sca argu tissu product compet product made materi hand wipe compet product includ textil product hot air dryer gener wipe sca includ textil wipe relev product market afh health care product essenti tissu couch cover wash cloth sector afh napkin sca argu textil product compet tissu product includ relev product market market investig carri commiss shown major respond tissu product substitut easili product made materi repli sca reiter argument textil product compet directli tissu hand wipe gener wipe market sca state respond commiss market investig consid textil product competit tissu product respond commiss market investig confirm altern product exist specif applic custom choic tissu textil product applic blow dryer take place predominantli base specif applic criteria rel price tissu product gener exclud reason hygien health care restaur contrast blow dryer prefer avoid paper wast prioriti direct price comparison product difficult substitut switch materi complic fact afh tissu wholesal carri altern product commiss recognis exist textil product provid competit restraint tissu product commiss market investig shown price tissu product restrain suffici substitut product made materi includ product market sca provid evid notif sca argu brand privat label afh product product market major afh sale brand sca main brand tork mt brand includ katrin saga brand nordic region part europ market investig confirm sca view brand product exist distinct privat label brand afh product signific consum product afh custom choos product base qualiti price influenc supplier brand imag brand privat label afh product consid product market afh product identifi consid constitut separ distinct relev product market relev geograph market tissu parent reel sca argu relev geograph market parent reel eea wide commiss investig confirm view transport cost significantli lower convert product ow compact natur product parent reel suppli european basi convert product sca submit import economi scale increas rel transport cost investig kimberli clark scott case sca argu busi todai organis basi economi scale deriv specialis mill product outweigh transport cost incur distribut product mill locat europ sca argu consum market increasingli characteris cross border pan european merger allianc retail afh contract similarli subject cross border pan european competit facilit commerc sca sustain emerg eea wide market number factor high appar market share calcul nation basi reliabl indic exist market power industri notif sca present econom analysi prof jerri hausman lexecon cambridg econom base analysi sca profit margin studi make quot strong conclus quot finland denmark geograph market sweden norwai germani belgium luxembourg netherland geograph market sweden norwai studi quot clear quot finland denmark market market germani belgium luxembourg netherland countri quot similar quot norwai sweden differ respect gross margin exist repli sca argu studi relat brand consum product conclus relev geograph market privat label consum tissu product afh tissu product commiss note interpret present notif studi inconsist sca view brand privat label tissu product relev product market commiss investig shown tier manufactur activ european level number smaller competitor achiev signific market share limit geograph area tier group includ sca kimberli clark fort jame product market procter gambl mt number italian manufactur annunziata cartiera lucches cartoinvest carrara delicarta linder tronchetti largest tier firm establish limit market posit respect home market sale privat label product local manufactur margin sale respect home market sweden norwai munksjö skjaerdal local player market posit tier manufactur mean uniform europ individu countri market significantli concentr eea share suggest manufactur typic achiev high market share countri oper local product plant neighbour countri ident rel strength main competitor differ significantli member state level tier manufactur kimberli clark scott case commiss found relev geograph market includ britain ireland due countri geograph locat rel contin common languag similar media exposur similar consum prefer emphasi high qualiti tissu product remain part europ geograph market definit left open oper primarili concern unit kingdom ireland present case signific addit market share occur nordic region norwai sweden finland denmark number central european countri germani austria belgium luxembourg netherland franc competit concern aris nordic region section definit relev geograph market focu defin market relev assess impact transact region logist transport cost constitut signific obstacl suppli convert product larg distanc due fact tissu product characteris high volum ratio transport cost kilometr primarili determin quantiti product load truck product densiti rel sale price profit pallet higher fold product handkerchief napkin roll product toilet tissu kitchen towel econom deliveri distanc tend larger fold product similarli premium product suppli longer distanc lower qualiti varieti unit higher cite restructur programm sca argu economi scale gain import rel transport cost kimberli clark scott investig sca claim activ reorganis european basi competitor custom kimberli clark scott distanc appli major repli tend upper end kimberli clark scott rang maximum distanc approxim km full truckload competitor consid viabl distanc deliv nordic region averag maximum distanc km import custom reliabl time deliveri stress repeatedli respect note long transport distanc increas lead time order finnish consult firm jaakko poyri import time deliveri quot market produc deliv determin transport cost tonn tissu product custom ey kei bui factor quick reliabl time deliveri replenish retail distribut centr hour grow distanc produc reliabl time time deliveri retail distribut centr difficult guarante addit wareh rais servic cost produc quot suppli custom nordic region complic larg distanc low popul densiti countri number competitor geograph factor addit strong incumb manufactur increas barrier entri nordic countri lead lower distanc custom econom suppli italian manufactur constitut except rule maximum distanc approxim km decad consider expans capac italian tissu product number manufactur base close lucca tuscani suppli signific amount privat label tissu product german french retail custom compani state viabl transport distanc km toilet tissu handkerchief km napkin km kitchen towel success italian produc recent establish process establish product facil franc serv northern european custom proxim market competit factor success italian manufactur account establish foothold export market scope geograph price discrimin relev geograph market compris area undertak concern involv suppli demand product servic condit competit suffici homogen distinguish neighbour area condit competit appreci area custom bui price custom locat area area includ geograph market definit custom bui supplier locat area necessarili bui price custom locat area area necessarili includ geograph market definit word situat fact custom suppli plant area custom prevail quot market quot price area instanc case supplier deliv product premis custom arbitrag custom supplier charg price custom area prospect analysi carri investig concentr possibl futur price discrimin undertak concentr achiev strong posit supplier suppli area crucial factor delin relev geograph market consider extent geograph market affect exist custom area subject price discrimin firm control suppli area case condit met identifi area individu custom belong moment sell relev product trade custom arbitrag parti feasibl arbitrag difficult product sold deliv basi transport cost signific percentag final cost assess competit impact propos concentr area consider supplier econom viabl suppli area matter locat supplier product facil buyer nordic countri gener organis purchas nation basi true nation supermarket chain smaller retail organis purchas nation purchas group group signific share retail market nordic countri ica sweden hakon norwai ownership sca ica swedish hakon norwegian retail market repli sca refer exampl buyer sca adopt region pan european purchas strategi relev nordic region aldi sca danish retail market present nordic countri market investig shown bui tissu product cross border purchas group am naf emd develop sca notif repli stress import intern retail allianc commiss investig shown allianc directli purchas tissu product member activ coordin negoti framework basi cover item bonus gener condit trade privat label product activ allianc area tissu product chang commiss market investig provid indic forese futur lead commiss modifi definit relev geograph market tissu product deliv custom warehous identifi countri individu custom belong moment sell tissu product mean produc control suppli nordic countri target price increas custom countri affect price countri arbitrag tissu product high transport cost rel total cost custom time deliveri time week achiev arbitrag bui custom countri counter price increas arbitrag custom countri price increas appli commiss note cross border purchas retail chain allianc account signific proport sale nordic region necessarili impli price uniform region abil allianc negoti successfulli uniform price depend avail altern supplier repli sca claim retail respond commiss market investig share view market europ wide case scandinavian respond major retail take narrow view consid market nation scandinavian view market wider scandinavian sourc scandinavian countri outlin specif circumst present case geograph locat supplier determin scope relev geograph market brand consum product brand product choic supermarket restrict product present market produc countri brand name countri brand europ kimberli clark kleenex brand typic pictur countri mixtur nation region brand brand countri brand recognit gener built nation basi due fact media coverag predominantli nation languag differ advertis campaign brand packag adapt nation market result consum awar region brand differ markedli neighbour countri survei data submit sca spontan awar sca lilla edet brand march vari approxim sweden norwai denmark close geograph proxim cultur linguist similar scandinavian countri result increas market activ spontan awar edet brand norwegian consum increas significantli decemb march stabl sweden declin slightli denmark similar awar variat time occur mt lambi brand consum tissu brand brand build activ nordic countri effect recognit neighbour countri support hypothesi market brand consum product nation brand countri indic nordic countri separ geograph market consider differ market share competitor countri detail distribut market share market assess section largest consum product market toilet tissu kitchen towel major player kimberli clark signific presenc denmark major competitor parti fort jame strong finland solid presenc denmark smaller posit norwai sweden small region produc munksjö signific posit norwai sweden posit denmark finland parti vari posit nordic countri sca small market share finland strong posit countri mt high share sweden finland norwai moder share denmark cost build consum tissu brand scratch consid market particip prohibit largest manufactur firm specialis privat label product expect enter geograph market brand product respect tradit stronghold forese futur tier competitor state cost enter market domin strong incumb prohibit incumb local manufactur base establish supplier contact enabl retali small scale entri instanc place import addit barrier larg scale entri local product capac high entri happen matur market nordic region fact custom competitor state strong posit merg sca mt nordic region creat power disincent potenti entrant commiss conclud relev geograph market brand consum product nordic countri nation commiss examin competit impact notifi oper sweden norwai constitut singl relev geograph market competit assess notifi oper lead result wider geograph market definit adopt nordic countri left open relev geograph market nation wider nation propos transact rais competit problem nordic countri countri consid narrowest geograph market definit privat label consum product brand product buyer privat label product typic organis purchas nation basi major differ brand product privat label product market promot activ carri custom retail custom wider choic supplier privat label product main paramet determin set potenti supplier custom transport cost locat product capac privat label product qualiti manufactur deliv manufactur suffici spare capac reliabl deliveri manufactur offer italian manufactur import privat label product routin suppli german retail appear due transport cost deliv northern germani substanti privat label capac lucca region exert signific competit pressur german market number european countri austria belgium luxembourg netherland franc similarli privat label trade flow eman number product cluster itali includ germani smaller extent benelux franc suppli nordic region larg extent swedish finnish plant except denmark substanti amount tissu paper product import nordic countri denmark local plant small local plant norwai sweden norwai suppli plant sweden norwai possibl suppli arriv finland finland primarili suppli mt mänttä plant fort jame plant nokia contrast nordic countri signific import arriv denmark nordic product facil main competitor parti privat label market denmark german compani wepa deliv nordic countri denmark limit wepa consid maximum transport distanc tissu product mt deliv substanti quantiti privat label tissu product german mill basic continu suppli relationship carri recent acquisit german tissu produc result market structur condit competit denmark substanti neighbour sweden norwai suppli origin nordic countri abil potenti supplier influenc competit condit denmark consid assess market competit condit denmark distinguish germani fact italian manufactur effect compet due transport cost trade flow underlin italian diminish competit area north germani allow market size germani import eur million toilet tissu itali figur denmark eur smaller percentag total domest market italian manufactur consid market particip major impact competit condit suppli privat label product germani substanti product capac suppli privat label product main altern supplier sca mt germani danish custom contrast depend northern european supplier competit condit finland differ nordic countri strong presenc american produc fort jame compar nordic countri small presenc sca sca practic privat label sale finland small swedish produc munksjö minor presenc privat label sale competit finland take place mt fort jame privat label sale competit condit norwai sweden differ sca present privat label sale norwai largest player main toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden commiss conclud custom nordic countri constitut distinct relev geograph market privat label consum product commiss examin competit impact notifi oper custom sweden norwai constitut singl distinct relev geograph market competit assess notifi oper lead result wider geograph market definit adopt nordic countri left open relev geograph market nation wider nation propos transact rais competit problem region countri consid nation geograph market definit afh product sca argu notif afh contract subject cross border pan european competit commiss market investig shown afh custom negoti contract wider nation basi main custom group afh product consist wholesal oper nation nation level tissu supplier provid packag solut includ instanc paper towel dispens system largest afh custom sca mt nordic region identifi notif predominantli wholesal averag significantli smaller retail chain annual turnov exceed doubl digit million euro figur wholesal suppli smaller servic compani clean servic compani deliv tissu product part servic packag custom dealer specialis specif custom group hospit market defin geograph term repli sca disput commiss preliminari find statement object geograph market afh product nordic region wider nation sca note presenc cross border bui multin enterpris transport cater group claim sca mt evid custom seek supplier countri commiss exampl cross border bui multin compani provid repli geograph market afh product wider nation nordic region sca repli exampl compani seek futur contract cover countri evid exist contract compani seek futur nordic cross border contract cater compani mention notif larg custom sca mt nordic region vast major custom nordic region cover market investig confirm market afh tissu product wider nation compani activ nordic countri transport cost constraint privat label product limit potenti scope geograph market afh segment maximum viabl transport distanc tend shorter consum product due product characterist lower averag order size minimum densiti custom geograph area cost expand geograph market higher privat label consum segment due low popul densiti larg geograph extent combin region consider distanc main continent tissu product cluster nordic countri constitut difficult market respect brand product market posit main player vari consider nordic countri larg afh market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe sca mt strong posit sweden norwai denmark sca small presenc finland mt fort jame strong denmark fort jame kimberli clark presenc weak norwai sweden smaller player munksjö limit posit norwai sweden minor posit finland norwai local compani skjaerdal present gener wipe napkin commiss conclud relev geograph market afh product nordic region nation commiss examin competit impact notifi oper sweden norwai constitut singl relev geograph market competit assess notifi oper lead result wider geograph market definit adopt nordic region left open relev geograph market nation wider nation propos transact rais competit problem region countri consid nation geograph market definit assess tissu parent reel integr tissu manufactur includ sca mt produc parent reel primarili intern consumpt sale purchas parti place case base paper convert capac match due manufactur econom prevail product level sca combin eea market share parti parent reel sale parti volum sca mt sca mt parti combin market share volum sale parent reel parti constitut core activ sca mt market investig confirm propos transact creat strengthen domin posit market tissu parent reel convert product sca product capac austria belgium franc germani netherland sweden portug poland russia spain unit kingdom mt plant germani finland sweden poland canari isl consum product consum product competit concern aris toilet tissu kitchen towel nordic region market handkerchief facial tissu napkin nordic countri commiss market investig shown competitor present signific market share sca limit sale product categori propos transact lead small addit market share napkin duni specialis swedish produc market leader northern europ strong posit nordic countri handkerchief facial tissu sweden handkerchief facial tissu kimberli clark kleenex strongest brand eea kimberli clark sale handkerchief facial tissu larger combin sale parti norwai denmark larger sca sale sweden sca kimberli clark neglig posit finland detail assess impact propos transact tissu market nordic countri concern toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden sca total sale consum tissu product sweden eur million approxim brand product privat label product brand consum product brand consum product toilet tissu biggest market approxim eur million kitchen towel market worth eur million handkerchief facial tissu eur million napkin eur million sca estim parti market share measur volum market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden set tabl tabl sca estim brand product sweden gt tabl gt market share estim sca similar figur base market share sca market structur commiss compar sale figur parti competitor market investig confirm merg entiti market leader main competitor toilet tissu kitchen towel munksjö volum base toilet tissu kitchen towel fort jame toilet tissu kitchen towel sca brand toilet tissu kitchen towel edet produc sca plant lilla edet sweden mt main brand premium brand lambi leni basic brand serla lambi higher sale serla toilet tissu kitchen towel sale serla time higher leni brand produc mt swedish plant katrinefor pauliström nyboholm fort jame sell toilet tissu kitchen towel lotu brand munksjö sell munksjö brand product produc plant jönköping sweden parti brand gener consid strongest brand sweden sca distinguish quot brand quot quot brand quot quot brand quot activ promot advertis manufactur brand quot brand quot sweden sca count leni lambi serla edet quot brand quot manufactur brand activ promot billigt amp bra vivett dax munksjö brand lotu sweden sca provid inform quot brand awar quot quot advertis awar quot brand sweden period march june march sca measur brand awar respond question quot brand toilet paper quot quot brand call edet quot brand awar research made order indic brand advertis awar measur type question actual advertis relev brand advertis awar research made order indic actual advertis brand inform edet lambi leni serla lotu munksjö brand includ inform show lotu parti brand respond appar awar brand lotu respond awar edet brand knew lambi serla leni brand parti lotu fort jame invest major promot effort order increas market share lotu sweden swedish custom confirm import brand parti suggest munksjö product low price product consid brand product product parti fort jame major custom express worri effect propos transact countervail buyer power sca state notif exist demand structur buyer suffici strength resist attempt rais price competit level merger commiss accept argument reason sca largest custom sweden ica handlarna ab account retail market dagab ab account kf kategoriteam papper bergendahl grossist ab amp lt buyer power exercis effect buyer adequ choic altern supplier commiss view choic limit parti current sale market toilet tissu kitchen towel brand strongest brand recognit sweden easi price discrimin custom tissu product deliv custom custom counter price discrimin arbitrag tissu product high transport cost rel total cost custom time deliveri time week largest custom exercis countervail buyer power protect smaller custom entiti rais price pre merger level repli sca argu buyer switch small share purchas quot punish quot larg supplier smaller volum handl altern supplier sca claim current capac market mean supplier volum pass mill profit commiss note brand product switch volum supplier credibl threat compar brand case sweden compar brand competitor suffici spare capac threat switch volum credibl sweden rel size merg parti competitor limit switch occur sca argu intern retail member intern retail associ choos retali sca take action geograph market commiss accept argument intern retail present nordic region intern retail associ present engag detail cross border price negoti tissu product sca claim retail threaten action sca product babi diaper feminin protect product threat credibl sca strong posit brand area sca state notif sweden market share adult incontin care feminin protect product babi diaper commiss view quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri entri capac sweden fact entir nordic region nordic tissu paper market consid matur satur market high capita consumpt lower growth rate countri region europ consumpt tissu product tradition lower signific cost lead time involv establish product capac sca estim month set parent reel facil tonn plant instal cost eur million eur million depend technolog quot air dri quot expens de ink plant cost eur million instal convert facil similar size plant cost eur million eur million depend qualiti take month instal instal convers facil requir purchas site fort jame estim total project instal cost increas depend total scope oper reason commiss conclud entri capac sweden event year competitor enter capac exert effect competit restraint parti entri sweden manufactur deliv exist plant combin high transport cost high cost enter brand product stagnat market strong establish brand market particip larg scale produc strong brand kimberli clark procter amp gambl enter swedish market toilet tissu kitchen towel fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market difficulti enter sweden illustr fact fort jame product facil neighbour finland achiev moder market share sweden conclus propos oper combin lead brand singl compani result strong market posit custom choic brand attribut abil attract custom propos oper elimin main sourc competit swedish market toilet tissu kitchen towel leav entiti posit challeng competitor custom commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden privat label consum product sca toilet tissu largest privat label market sweden approxim eur million kitchen towel market worth eur million handkerchief facial tissu eur million napkin eur million sca estim parti market share measur volum privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel market sweden set tabl tabl sca estim privat label product sweden gt tabl gt kitchen towel market share parti sca similar figur toilet tissu market share sca similar mt commiss compar sale figur parti competitor commiss investig confirm parti larg combin share market main competitor toilet tissu kitchen towel fort jame toilet tissu kitchen towel munksjö market entiti time larg fort jame ten time larg munksjö market toilet tissu kitchen towel sca suppli swedish market product manufactur sca plant lilla edet sweden mt product manufactur mt swedish plant katrinefor pauliström nyboholm munksjö sell product produc plant jönköping sweden countervail buyer power sca state notif exist demand structur buyer suffici strength resist attempt rais price competit level merger commiss accept argument reason sca largest custom sweden ica handlarna ab account retail market dagab ab account kf kategoriteam papper bergendahl grossist ab amp lt buyer power exercis effect buyer adequ choic altern supplier commiss view choic limit parti current sale market privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden easi price discrimin custom tissu product deliv custom custom counter price discrimin arbitrag tissu product high transport cost rel total cost custom time deliveri time week largest custom exercis countervail buyer power protect smaller custom entiti rais price pre merger level repli sca argu buyer switch small share purchas quot punish quot larg supplier smaller volum handl altern supplier sca claim current capac market mean supplier volum pass mill profit commiss note switch volum supplier credibl threat competitor suffici spare capac sweden rel size merg parti competitor limit switch occur sca argu intern retail member intern retail associ choos retali sca take action geograph market commiss accept argument intern retail present nordic region intern retail associ present engag detail cross border price negoti tissu product sca claim retail threaten action sca product babi diaper feminin protect product threat credibl sca major supplier product brand sca state notif sweden share sale adult incontin care product feminin protect product babi diaper commiss view quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri section brand consum product explain entri capac sweden argument appli respect privat label product entri manufactur deliv exist plant manufactur quot local quot produc includ fort jame finland enter swedish market privat label sale toilet tissu kitchen towel commiss market investig shown produc privat label product italian smaller german produc enter swedish market small sporad deliveri signific transport cost conclus long term prospect sweden brand product entiti larger nation produc small local manufactur munksjö fort jame disadvantag situat market entiti propos oper elimin main sourc competit swedish privat label market toilet tissu kitchen towel leav entiti posit challeng competitor custom commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden altern product market compris brand privat label purpos present case commiss consid brand privat label consum product separ relev product market commiss consid parti posit relev product market compris brand privat label consum product sca estim parti market share measur volum combin brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel market sweden set tabl tabl sca estim brand privat label product sweden gt tabl gt commiss compar sale figur parti competitor commiss investig confirm merg entiti market leader main competitor toilet tissu kitchen towel munksjö volum base fort jame toilet tissu kitchen towel market posit indic domin strength parti brand lack countervail buyer power fact entri explain consider reinforc conclus merger lead creation domin posit market conclus propos oper elimin main sourc competit swedish market toilet tissu kitchen towel leav entiti posit challeng competitor custom basi wider market definit propos oper result creation domin posit combin market brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden norwai sca total sale consum tissu product norwai eur million approxim brand product privat label product brand consum product brand consum product toilet tissu largest market approxim eur million market kitchen towel worth eur million handkerchief facial tissu eur amp lt million napkin eur amp lt million sca estim parti market share measur volum market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel norwai set tabl tabl sca estim brand product norwai gt tabl gt market share provid sca similar figur base market share sca market structur commiss compar sale figur parti competitor commiss investig confirm parti clear market leader market merg entiti larg main competitor munksjö time larger fort jame market market toilet tissu munksjö volum base fort jame kitchen towel munksjö fort jame kimberli clark present norwai market sca brand toilet tissu kitchen towel edet produc sca plant lilla edet sweden mt main brand premium brand lambi leni basic brand serla toilet tissu serla achiev highest sale norwai higher sale lambi leni small sale kitchen towel lambi sell time serla leni sale brand produc mt swedish plant katrinefor pauliström nyboholm fort jame sell toilet tissu kitchen towel lotu brand munksjö sell brand product produc subsidiari sunland eker papirfabrikk drammen norwai brand quot classic quot consid strongli promot brand sca mt strongest brand norwai sca provid inform brand awar advertis awar sweden norwai inform edet lambi leni lotu serla munksjö brand includ respond survei awar brand lotu lambi brand respond awar edet leni brand sca mt lotu larg market share merg parti merger result creation domin posit conclus reinforc fact merg entiti brand countervail buyer power sca largest custom norwai norg gruppen account retail market hakan gruppen account nkl reitan section swedish market brand consum product commiss explain accept argument sca repli exist signific buyer power argument present commiss equal valid norwegian market sca brand norwai major supplier product claim retail retali norwai sca share sale adult incontin care product feminin protect product babi diaper commiss view quot buyer power quot exist reason explain swedish market prevent creation last domin posit norwegian market brand toilet tissu kitchen roll result merger market entri reason similar outlin assess swedish market entri capac norwai entri norwai manufactur deliv exist plant combin high transport cost high cost enter brand product stagnat market strong establish brand market particip larg scale produc strong brand kimberli clark procter amp gambl enter norwegian market toilet tissu kitchen towel fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market conclus propos oper combin brand result strong market posit custom choic brand attribut abil attract consum propos oper elimin main sourc competit norwegian market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel leav entiti strong posit challeng competitor custom commiss reach conclus propos oper result creation domin posit market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel norwai altern product market compris brand privat label sca estim parti market share measur volum combin brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel market norwai set tabl tabl sca estim brand privat label product norwai gt tabl gt commiss compar sale figur provid sca mt competitor commiss investig confirm merg entiti market leader main competitor toilet tissu kitchen towel munksjö volum base toilet tissu kitchen towel fort jame toilet tissu kitchen towel strength parti brand lack countervail buyer power fact entri explain conclus propos oper elimin main sourc competit norwegian market toilet tissu kitchen towel leav entiti posit challeng competitor custom basi wider market definit propos oper result creation domin posit combin market brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel norwai altern wider swedish norwegian geograph market sca present notif econometr studi denmark finland geograph market sweden norwai section geograph market definit commiss consid argument point conclus geograph market nation sweden norwai consid geograph market propos oper lead creation domin posit market consum toilet tissu kitchen towel geograph market market characterist strength parti brand compar competitor fact entri larg capac parti rel competitor transport cost advantag rel larg scale competitor fort jame assess swedish norwegian market market characterist equal valid combin swedish norwegian geograph market brand consum product commiss market investig shown posit parti brand consum product combin swedish norwegian market strong parti combin market share market toilet tissu kitchen towel main competitor munksjö market fort jame market parti time larg largest competitor munksjö small local player fort jame disadvantag product facil sweden norwai parti market share basi wider market definit propos oper result creation domin posit market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel privat label consum product posit parti combin swedish norwegian market privat label consum product strong parti combin market share market toilet tissu kitchen towel competitor fort jame munksjö product market parti time larg largest competitor basi wider market definit propos oper result creation domin posit market privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel altern product market compris brand privat label posit parti combin swedish norwegian market brand privat label consum product strong parti combin market share market toilet tissu kitchen towel competitor munksjö fort jame product market parti time larg largest competitor basi wider market definit propos oper result creation domin posit swedish norwegian market brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel finland sca total sale consum tissu product finland eur million approxim brand product privat label product brand consum product brand consum product toilet tissu biggest market approxim eur million kitchen towel market worth eur million handkerchief facial tissu eur amp lt million napkin eur amp lt million sca estim parti market share measur volum market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel finland set tabl tabl sca estim brand product finland gt tabl gt market finland characteris strong posit domest produc mt fort jame sca admiss produc achiev sale market commiss compar sale figur parti competitor commiss investig confirm pictur larg evenli size competitor market share mt fj equal balanc suggest parti pictur similar size competitor emerg base market share data previou year consid sca compani challeng strong posit domest produc prevent duopolist domin posit fact commiss consid propos transact lead loss realist competitor mt fort jame creation duopolist domin posit mt fort jame product market repli sca contest special posit competit restraint finland virtu small market share finland sca claim commiss argu entri barrier high entri capac suppli exist plant sca consid question repres constrain influenc current finnish suppli commiss consid sca uniqu posit act competit restraint mt fort jame finland compar produc small posit sca strong presenc tissu product neighbour sweden strong posit consum product market finland establish distribut network knowledg finnish retail market relationship major retail sca market share adult incontin care feminin protect product babi diaper brand market market tissu product possess characterist consid make market conduc collect domin market demand product gener consid inelast nordic tissu market finnish market matur market low growth prospect tissu product market technic innov moder take time strong influenc market partli due long life tissu machin finnish market transpar merger produc present lost contract produc market tissu product characteris frequent contact produc buyer formal long term contract rare relationship quot fluid quot continu order buyer price negoti parti quot circumst quot encourag buyer state expect explan price rise ask increas pulp price mention explan recent price rise market constant feedback custom larg long term contract competitor market accept standard pass cost increas custom mt fort jame find difficult form precis idea condit offer custom main factor prevent easili infer gain market share exist smaller competitor competitor exert restrain influenc sca sca plai restrain role past sca activ gain posit finnish market advertis expenditur proport sale time larger finland sweden sca provid data commiss show ebitda margin consum tissu product finland ebitda margin sweden sca explain ebitda margin finland due small volum sca sale combin advertis promot activ lead margin sca advertis promot expenditur total sale sca enter finnish market consum product recent fact sca neglig sale year sale sca brand toilet tissu increas eur eur kitchen towel eur eur sca ebitda margin context sca brand build effort advertis promot mt fort jame offer rang tissu product finland import technolog differ product offer custom merger lead creation collect domin posit held merg entiti fort jame countervail buyer power sca state notif exist demand structur buyer suffici strength resist attempt rais price competit level merger commiss accept argument reason sca largest custom finland kesko oyj account retail market inex partner account tuko tarjoustalo oy jukka saastamoinen oyj amp lt buyer power exercis effect buyer adequ choic altern supplier commiss view choic limit parti fort jame hold current sale market toilet tissu kitchen towel finland easi firm domin posit price discrimin custom tissu product deliv custom custom counter price discrimin arbitrag tissu product high transport cost rel total cost custom time deliveri time week largest custom exercis countervail buyer power protect smaller custom parti rais price pre merger level section swedish market brand consum product commiss explain accept argument sca repli exist signific buyer power argument present commiss valid finnish market sca brand finland major supplier product claim retail retali commiss view quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri similar reason sweden entri capac finland entri finland manufactur deliv exist plant combin high transport cost high cost enter brand product stagnat market strong establish brand market particip larg scale produc strong brand kimberli clark procter amp gambl enter finnish market toilet tissu kitchen towel fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market conclus commiss reach conclus propos transact lead creation duopolist domin posit sca mt fort jame finland market brand toilet tissu brand kitchen towel altern product market compris brand privat label sca estim parti market share measur volum combin brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel market finland set tabl tabl sca estim brand privat label product finland gt tabl gt market finland characteris strong posit domest produc mt fort jame sca admiss produc achiev sale market commiss compar sale figur parti competitor commiss investig confirm pictur larg evenli size competitor lack countervail buyer power fact entri explain likewis reason market tissu product possess characterist consid make market conduc collect domin explain conclus basi wider product market definit compris brand privat label product propos oper result duopolist domin posit sca mt fort jame finland market toilet tissu kitchen towel denmark sca total sale consum tissu product denmark eur million approxim brand product privat label product consider pictur nordic countri sale brand product account total sale consum tissu product denmark napkin brand product sale larger privat label product brand consum product brand consum product toilet tissu biggest market approxim eur million kitchen towel market worth eur million handkerchief facial tissu eur amp lt million napkin eur amp lt million sca estim parti market share measur volum market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel denmark set tabl tabl sca estim brand product denmark gt tabl gt market share sca parti similar figur measur sca estim parti toilet tissu kitchen towel commiss compar sale figur parti competitor commissioninvestig shown parti market leader market main competitor kimberli clark volum base toilet tissu kitchen towel fort jame toilet tissu kitchen towel combin market share parti larg fort jame toilet tissu larger kitchen towel time larg kimberli clark market parti submit italian produc delicarta presenc brand consum tissu product denmark confirm commiss market investig sca brand toilet tissu kitchen towel edet edet produc sca plant lilla edet sweden mt main brand premium brand lambi leni basic brand serla brand produc mt swedish plant katrinefor pauliström nyboholm denmark parti brand sca provid inform brand awar advertis awar sweden norwai denmark inform edet lambi leni lotu kleenex lambi brand awar fluctuat respond edet lotu kleenex rang leni denmark parti danish custom express concern consequ propos oper state problem find altern supplier expect competit higher price larg market share merg parti signific differ weight compar competitor combin fact merg entiti brand danish market merger result creation domin posit brand toilet tissu kitchen towel countervail buyer power sca largest custom denmark fdb account retail market supergro account aldi amp lt edeka amp lt købmændene amp lt section swedish market brand consum product commiss explain accept argument sca repli exist signific buyer power argument present commiss valid danish market sca brand denmark major supplier product claim retail retali denmark sca share sale adult incontin care product feminin protect product babi diaper commiss view quot buyer power quot exist reason explain swedish market prevent creation last domin posit danish market brand toilet tissu kitchen roll result merger market entri similar reason sweden entri capac denmark entri denmark manufactur deliv exist plant larg scale produc strong brand present denmark procter amp gambl market particip view procter amp gambl enter danish market procter amp gambl confirm plan enter supplier relationship countri activ fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market conclus propos oper combin brand result strong market posit custom choic brand attribut abil attract consum entiti benefit closer geograph posit market main competitor entiti strong posit easili challeng competitor custom commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market brand toilet tissu kitchen towel denmark privat label consum product sca toilet tissu biggest privat label market denmark approxim eur million kitchen towel market worth eur million handkerchief facial tissu eur amp lt million napkin eur amp lt million sca estim parti market share measur volum market privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel denmark set tabl tabl sca estim privat label product denmark gt tabl gt sca estim parti combin share base toilet tissu kitchen towel sca provid estim market share base competitor toilet tissu delicarta wepa munksjö fort jame figur confirm commiss market investig commiss compar sale figur parti competitor found parti approxim third volum base market toilet tissu kitchen towel fort jame sale delicarta munksjö insignific market presenc tissu suppli denmark origin sweden germani belgium netherland parti account danish privat label import origin sweden norwai joint product capac sca mt sweden tonn whilst largest produc munksjö plant sweden norwai capac tonn combin capac parti germani netherland tonn whilst competitor capac area excess tonn spare capac parti area larger combin spare capac major competitor line principl set recit commiss consid competit impact mill locat distanc danish market econom suppli larger exist competitor denmark wepa plant germani arnsberg giershagen situat km german danish border deliv major citi denmark entail travel km commiss market investig shown wepa capac term scale product rang expand significantli current presenc danish market wepa strength li privat label tissu product made recycl paper finnish consult firm jaakko poyri studi note segment quot highest share transport cost total product brand toilet paper base recov paper worth ship km wepa suppli amount northern european market repres remark except quot wepa compani km distanc tissu product econom suppli wepa locat km major citi denmark denmark limit wepa consid maxim transport distanc tissu product growth german tissu product demand period larger averag western europ partli due impact reunif demand structur länder adapt western consumpt pattern germani forese futur account larg part growth european tissu demand wepa find opportun capac home market close distanc plant ship tissu product denmark danish custom express concern strong concentr lead higher price market investig confirm competitor constrain entiti behaviour market propos oper elimin main sourc competit danish privat label market toilet tissu kitchen towel leav entiti posit challeng competitor custom countervail buyer power structur buyer side danish retail market section brand consum product reason similar section commiss conclud quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri similar reason sweden entri capac denmark entri denmark manufactur deliv exist plant repli sca argu commiss account danish market contest suppli privat label toilet tissu kitchen roll sca argu hit run entri suffici constrain merg entiti rais price commiss consid valid proposit manufactur spare capac privat label product requir qualiti close danish market logist arrang permit profit suppli market commiss carefulli examin potenti hit run entri exist manufactur locat northern germani netherland belgium conclud manufactur repres constrain influenc sca closest plant own competitor locat km german danish border procter amp gambl plant witzenhausen germani procter amp gambl plant neuss germani km border procter amp gambl sale tissu product denmark plan enter danish market futur fort jame plant close nijmegen netherland km german danish border plant area fort jame consid denmark substanti distanc viabli transport privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel kimberli clark plant germani düsseldorf koblenz mainz plant belgium duffel plant km german danish border kimberli clark state distanc exist mill europ scandinavian region limit type volum product profit export region kimberli clark activ sale privat label denmark sell premium brand toilet tissu manufactur duffel mill approxim km german danish border kimberli clark submit transport distanc manufactur sourc mill warehous coverag nordic area effect compet facial tissu categori except highest toilet tissu kimberli clark consid nordic swan qualif mean satisfi local environment requir entri barrier sweden denmark norwai kimberli clark scandinavian manufactur produc swan stamp repli sca ask commiss possibl italian produc suppli danish market product facil franc plant danish market maximum transport distanc market particip commiss hit run entri refer sca repli feasibl italian produc franc italian compani mention longer transport distanc respond commiss market investig achiev distanc logist network transport train extern warehous germani franc spain necess set network make hit run entri denmark italian produc mention denmark natur market danish custom tend tissu product base recycl paper commiss hit run entri italian produc effect competit restraint entiti danish market privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel conclus commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel denmark altern product market compris brand privat label sca estim parti market share measur volum combin brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel market denmark set tabl tabl sca estim brand privat label product denmark gt tabl gt commiss compar sale figur parti competitor commiss investig shown parti market leader market main competitor wepa volum base toilet tissu kitchen towel fort jame toilet tissu kitchen towel kimberli clark toilet tissu kitchen towel parti combin market share wepa time fort jame ten time kimberli clark market strength parti brand lack countervail buyer power fact entri detail separ section brand privat label appli combin product market conclus propos oper elimin main sourc competit danish market toilet tissu kitchen towel leav entiti posit challeng competitor custom basi wider market definit propos oper result creation domin posit combin market brand privat label toilet tissu kitchen towel denmark conclus consum product commiss reach conclus propos oper result creation domin posit market brand consum toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden norwai denmark creation duopolist domin posit market brand consum toilet tissu kitchen towel finland creation domin posit market privat label consum toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden denmark afh product gener sca mt activ afh market account nordic sale afh custom wholesal turn suppli smaller servic compani clean compani deliv tissu product part servic packag final institut custom access wholesal vital success afh market wholesal carri market supplier product catalogu network supplier support product suffici support includ product innov categori support direct contact supplier sale forc end user addit supplier suppli reliabl manner quot time quot mt warehous mariestad katrinefor plant sweden act distribut centr afh sale sweden norwai denmark distribut wholesal actual product deliv mariestad warehous wholesal mt warehous mänttä mill act distribut centr sale finland sca produc afh product plant includ sweden germani netherland parti offer packag solut offer dispens system side product rang dispens sold rent provid free loan final custom depend countri question transport cost involv move afh product consid import restrain factor supplier abil compet effect afh market distanc quot afh product supplier commiss market investig averag shorter brand consum product compani quot distanc econom transport afh product km rang whilst estim km sca mt distribut facil locat sweden close reach denmark norwai sweden sca largest afh market sweden hand wipe product worth eur million market toilet tissu gener wipe product account eur million eur million health care tissu market eur amp lt million napkin market eur million sca estim parti market share measur volum afh product sweden set tabl tabl sca estim afh sweden gt tabl gt structur shown tabl remain larg unchang irrespect base data data studi commiss market investig confirm market structur parti strong combin posit toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe health care base sca market data equal strong posit largest competitor tissu market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe munksjö fort jame kimberli clark gain foothold afh market sweden health care parti market share estim sca lead presumpt domin sca munksjö largest competitor larg proport market attribut quot quot competitor parti identifi small compani segment commiss market investig confirm sizeabl competitor exist afh health care market restrain combin market power sca mt munksjö market share amount eighth sca mt versu sca data commiss conclud high afh health care market share provid notif significantli underst sca mt true market posit absenc credibl competitor notifi oper lead creation domin posit market afh health care product sweden sca produc major afh product swedish plant lilla edet mt produc afh product katrinefor mill sweden except munksjö competitor transport product product site sweden competit disadvantag afh custom kei factor supplier abil suppli time reliabl manner potenti entrant local presenc form warehous product plant high transport cost tissu product larg competitor potenti compet effect sweden fort jame gain signific part market afh custom competitor express concern propos concentr custom main concern creation monopoli situat higher price choic offer custom make increasingli difficult foreign competitor enter swedish market sweden afh product sold wholesal access wholesal vital import potenti entrant propos concentr give merg entiti stranglehold wholesal channel wholesal main supplier addit cost incur win wholesal confid switch supplier creat barrier entri make market entri growth difficult competitor propos concentr result creation singl firm market share excess afh market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe excess health care tissu market prospect real potenti competit present consum express concern propos concentr predict result higher price choic final consum countervail buyer power sca demand side afh market concentr consum product market due number varieti distribut channel afh market outlin section geograph market major afh custom wholesal averag smaller major retail chain consum segment lead significantli dispers custom base multin corpor buyer account minor purchas afh segment significantli alter distribut bargain power tissu manufactur afh custom oper creat strong domin market posit sca wide rang product sweden explain section swedish market brand consum product commiss find quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri entri swedish market reason outlin section consum tissu product entri sweden manufactur deliv exist plant combin high transport cost difficulti develop distribut network wholesal suppli parti product obstacl enter swedish afh market compound countri low popul densiti long transport distanc smaller order size typic afh custom market particip larg scale produc wide rang afh product enter swedish afh market fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market difficulti enter sweden illustr fact fort jame product facil neighbour finland achiev market share sweden conclus commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu health care tissu sweden norwai sca afh hand wipe market largest eur million toilet tissu market worth eur million gener wipe market eur million market health care napkin worth eur amp lt million eur million sca estim parti market share measur volum afh product norwai set tabl tabl sca estim afh norwai gt tabl gt gener structur remain irrespect base data data studi commiss market investig except health care broadli confirm parti rel market share parti figur strong combin posit market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe health care product sca estim combin market share parti sale distributor commiss contact manufactur sale tissu product norwai compani respond sale afh health care tissu product parti norwegian custom compani sale afh health care product sca approach commiss subsequ identifi tissu product manufactur confirm sale product market sca repli identifi manufactur base inform manufactur sale tissu product norwai parti afh custom norwai commiss market investig sca merger supplier afh health care market norwai small manufactur unknown commiss parti sale afh health care product norwai posit provid competit constraint parti afh health care product examin couch cover sold hospit afh tissu product toilet tissu hand wipe parti competitor market presenc health care sca domin major afh tissu product market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe result commiss investig lead conclud sca merger domin supplier afh tissu product health care sector market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe parti present largest competitor competitor market presenc munksjö skjaerdal small local player abil capac challeng parti fort jame kimberli clark bare present afh market norwai commiss market investig concern afh custom wholesal quot merger good competit develop tissu product scandinavia price increas consum choic todai quot quot long time competitor establish market access product capac scandinavia quot countervail buyer power sca demand side afh market concentr consum product market due number varieti distribut channel afh market outlin section geograph market major afh custom wholesal averag smaller major retail chain consum segment lead significantli dispers custom base multin corpor buyer account minor purchas afh segment significantli alter distribut bargain power tissu manufactur afh custom oper creat strong domin market posit sca mt wide rang product norwai explain section norwegian market brand consum product commiss find quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri entri norwegian market reason outlin section consum tissu product entri norwai manufactur deliv exist plant combin high transport cost difficulti develop distribut network wholesal suppli parti product obstacl enter norwegian afh market compound countri low popul densiti long transport distanc smaller order size typic afh custom market particip larg scale produc wide rang afh product enter norwegian afh market fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market difficulti enter norwai illustr fact fort jame product facil neighbour finland achiev market presenc norwai conclus propos concentr result creation singl firm market share excess afh market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe present competitor market unabl provid suffici competit restraint parti entrant emerg futur commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu health care tissu norwai altern swedish norwegian geograph market section geograph market definit commiss consid argument point conclus geograph market nation sweden norwai consid geograph market propos oper lead creation domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu health care tissu geograph market market characterist fact entri larg capac parti rel competitor transport cost advantag rel larg scale competitor fort jame kimberli clark assess swedish norwegian market market characterist equal valid combin swedish norwegian geograph market commiss market investig shown posit parti combin swedish norwegian market strong parti combin market share market toilet tissu market hand wipe gener wipe munksjö largest competitor toilet tissu gener wipe hand wipe skjaerdal gener wipe fort jame toilet tissu gener wipe hand wipe kimberli clark toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe parti time market share largest competitor product market munksjö skjaerdal small local manufactur fort jame kimberli clark disadvantag product facil sweden norwai parti afh health care commiss market investig shown parti largest supplier market share competitor explain assess norwegian afh market afh health care tissu product purchas afh tissu product sca domin major afh tissu product market toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe reinforc conclus sca merger domin supplier afh tissu product health care sector basi wider geograph market definit propos oper result creation domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu health care tissu finland sca hand wipe market eur million largest afh market toilet tissu market worth eur million gener wipe market eur million market health care napkin worth eur amp lt million eur amp lt million sca estim parti market share measur volum afh product finland set tabl tabl sca estim afh finland gt tabl gt finland sweden norwai market characteris strong posit domest produc mt fort jame sca minor player finnish afh tissu market largest posit hand wipe market account market volum base market share sca toilet tissu gener wipe similar hand wipe sca parti combin posit fort jame figur sca mt market share toilet tissu gener wipe commiss contact manufactur identifi parti sale tissu product finland parti fort jame manufactur confirm sale afh market finland manufactur total sale manufactur confirm sale finland remain sale divid parti fort jame mt gener wipe toilet tissu hand wipe sca market fort jame toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe commiss market investig mt hold domin market posit afh market addit sca market share strengthen posit fort jame sizeabl competitor market substanti market presenc mt fort jame restrain behaviour merg entiti fort jame mt present capac finnish plant except sca prospect signific scale entri finland similarli consum segment geograph proxim sca swedish oper place compani stronger posit compani effect compet finland parti argument repli kimberli clark procter amp gambl constitut equal entrant finnish market confirm addit kimberli clark procter amp gambl emphasis repli commiss market investig barrier entri nordic tissu market higher region countervail buyer power sca demand side afh market concentr consum product market due number varieti distribut channel afh market outlin section geograph market major afh custom wholesal averag smaller major retail chain consum segment lead significantli dispers custom base multin corpor buyer account minor purchas afh segment significantli alter distribut bargain power tissu manufactur afh custom oper creat strong domin market posit sca wide rang product finland explain section finnish market brand consum product commiss find quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri entri finnish market reason outlin section consum tissu product entri finland manufactur deliv exist plant combin high transport cost difficulti develop distribut network wholesal suppli mt fort jame product obstacl enter finnish afh market compound countri low popul densiti long transport distanc smaller order size typic afh custom market particip larg scale produc wide rang afh product enter finnish afh market fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market conclus commiss conclud propos oper result strengthen domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu product finland denmark sca market size afh product denmark hand wipe largest afh market worth eur million toilet tissu market worth eur million gener wipe market eur million market health care tissu product eur amp lt million napkin market eur million sca estim parti market share measur volum afh product denmark set tabl tabl sca estim afh denmark gt tabl gt gener pattern emerg remain unchang base data data studi note sca figur mt lose market share toilet tissu commiss market investig confirm parti strong combin posit toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe market entiti market share larg competitor fort jame sca consider overestim market share kimberli clark fact combin market share sca mt ten time kimberli clark market manufactur sale afh tissu product denmark sell combin sale sca mt denmark suppli afh product sca mt warehous sweden product origin german dutch plant kimberli clark fort jame suppli market afield reli provid suffici competit restraint merg entiti kimberli clark compet significantli afh market denmark denmark situat boundari distanc kimberli clark econom suppli tier compani locat germani netherland belgium similarli reli provid competit restraint danish afh market gain access wholesal ow inabl provid rang product level servic requir oper nich market product made recycl paper suppli smaller custom addit tier firm disadvantag high transport cost limit flexibl product limit scale scope product rang geograph coverag tier player attack tier firm core market met retaliatori action target price reduct ultim drive busi contrari view express parti repli smaller compani locat compet effect merg sca mt danish market commiss market investig reveal wholesal concern impact merger choic supplier extrem narrow oper sca mt combin afh hand wipe market import afh market denmark merger combin largest competitor control third market sca mt size closest competitor afh toilet tissu sca combin market share time size competitor market gener wipe sca size competitor countervail buyer power sca demand side afh market concentr consum product market due number varieti distribut channel afh market outlin section geograph market major afh custom wholesal averag smaller major retail chain consum segment lead significantli dispers custom base multin corpor buyer account minor purchas afh segment significantli alter distribut bargain power tissu manufactur afh custom oper creat strong domin market posit sca wide rang product denmark explain section danish market brand consum product commiss find quot buyer power quot exist prevent creation last domin posit result merger market entri entri danish market reason outlin section consum tissu product entri denmark manufactur deliv exist plant combin high transport cost difficulti develop distribut network wholesal suppli parti product market particip larg scale produc wide rang afh product enter danish afh market fact market particip propos transact rais barrier entri nordic market conclus propos transact bring largest afh supplier denmark set rest competitor substanti chang market structur denmark absenc strong competit restraint present incumb potenti entrant propos transact give rise domin posit sca commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu denmark conclus afh product commiss conclud propos oper result creation domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe sweden norwai denmark health care tissu market sweden norwai strengthen domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu product finland commit commit offer sca phase commiss investig pursuant articl merger regul form basi decis pursuant articl commit reject fulli address concern identifi commiss commit submit januari view obtain decis pursuant articl merger regul compris divestitur sca submit repli commiss statement object remedi suffici resolv concern rais commiss brand consum tissu product sweden norwai denmark privat label consum tissu product sweden afh tissu market sweden norwai denmark sca argu remedi privat label consum tissu product denmark finnish tissu product competit assess made section iv commiss consid propos commit insuffici address competit issu identifi consum afh tissu product finland privat label consum tissu product denmark market sca submit commit offer lead substanti reduct market share remedi problem identifi commiss consid divest product capac suffici buyer compet effect merg entiti histor market share divest brand reflect competit restraint buyer divest packag exert market mt swedish mill configur produc high qualiti virgin fibr base consum product major brand includ divest packag requir high qualiti virgin fibr base input includ divest packag capac figur provid parti suggest buyer divest packag reli capac produc high qualiti consum tissu product capac constrain satisfi current demand high qualiti consum tissu product mt swedish mill owner capac compet aggress market brand consum toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden norwai denmark spare capac meet addit demand reason capac enter finnish market high qualiti consum product compet high qualiti virgin fibr base privat label contract nordic region commiss consid buyer econom produc high qualiti virgin fibr base consum product product process product product process afh grade virgin fibr base tissu recycl fibr base tissu product produc sca inform commiss produc premium qualiti virgin fibr base consum product minimum involv chang configur paper machin adapt machineri convert line current convert machin optim produc small seri high qualiti product machin replac flexibl convert equip sca order produc substanti quantiti high qualiti virgin fibr base consum tissu mill owner find econom prefer replac current paper machin involv total invest approxim eur million oper mill optimis utilis fulli de ink capac order produc recycl fibr base tissu chang structur order produc high qualiti virgin fibr base tissu capac de ink plant energi plant fulli addit buyer divest asset compet finnish market consum afh product brand sca propos divest brand sweden norwai denmark buyer divest asset posit exert competit restraint sca exert todai main competitor finland mt fort jame reason commiss conclud commit offer suffici address competit problem identifi vi conclus reason commiss conclud notifi concentr incompat common market function eea agreement creat strengthen domin posit market brand consum toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden norwai denmark duopolist domin posit market brand consum toilet tissu kitchen towel finland domin posit market privat label consum toilet tissu kitchen towel sweden denmark afh toilet tissu hand wipe gener wipe sweden norwai denmark afh health care tissu market sweden norwai strengthen domin posit market afh toilet tissu hand wipe tissu gener wipe tissu product finland result effect competit significantli imped common market oper declar incompat common market pursuant articl merger regul function eea agreement pursuant articl thereof adopt decis articl oper notifi sca mölnlyck hold bv sca august sca acquir sole control metsä tissu corpor declar incompat common market function eea agreement articl decis address sca mölnlyck hold bv arnhems bovenweg ar zeist netherland brussel januari commiss mario monti member commiss oj corrigendum oj oj oj commiss decis august commiss decis august part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk commiss decis ec case kimberli clark scott oj purpos decis defin norwai sweden denmark finland respond kimberli clark scott market investig estim tissu product econom transport maximum distanc km depend product categori quot market structur competit paper tissu industri quot draft report octob decis april case iv ahold ica förbundet canica commiss found quot market wholesal procur daili consum good undergo introduct euro consid nation due number factor consum prefer nation product distribut channel european manufactur wholesal negoti custom nation level basic subsidiari branch quot recit quot market structur competit paper tissu industri quot footnot munksjö confirm sell basic brand low price engag advertis product sca mt present product capac tonn sweden found econometr studi made kimberli clark scott case quot ebitda quot margin acronym earn interest tax depreci amortis repres pure estim profit compani obtain compar sale word indic compani core profit quot market structur competit paper tissu industri quot footnot