commiss decis august relat proceed pursuant articl ec treati comp gvg fs notif document number italian text authent ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard council regul februari regul implement articl treati amend regul ec articl thereof regard council regul eec juli appli rule competit transport rail road inland waterwai regard complaint lodg octob limit compani georg verkehrsorganis gmbh act articl regul eec alleg articl ec treati infring regard commiss decis june initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss pursuant articl regul articl regul eec read conjunct commiss regul ec decemb hear parti proceed articl ec treati consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit advisori committe restrict practic monopoli transport industri regard final report hear offic case introduct case initi complaint german railwai undertak georg verkehrsorganis gmbh hereinaft quot gvg quot ferrovi dello stato spa hereinaft quot fs quot italian nation railwai carrier gvg complain fs refus provid access italian infrastructur enter negoti format intern group provid traction prevent gvg provid intern rail passeng servic point germani basl milan commiss conclus deni gvg access servic question carri busi fs abus domin posit mean articl ec treati articl regul eec initi commiss investig fs undertak commiss abus termin repeat parti gvg german railwai undertak oper intern rail passeng servic basi nation authoris march march obtain transport ministri land hessen licenc compat council direct ec june licens railwai undertak oper passeng rail transport servic gvg form intern group swedish state railwai provid servic malmö pragu malmö berlin oper train year intern passeng long distanc market germani european countri austria franc sweden eastern europ fs major italian railwai oper state own enterpris fs restructur process decemb compani establish public limit compani quot ferrovi dello stato società di trasporti servizi azioni quot fs spa supervis ministri treasuri march fs establish separ busi unit network roll stock traction passeng activ juli busi unit transform free stand divis infrastructur divis fs infrastruttura divis passeng transport fs passeggeri divis freight transport fs cargo juli fs accomplish restructur process creat fs hold spa fs hold control compani rete ferroviaria italiana spa rfi oper network infrastructur basi year manag contract grant transport minist octob decre trenitalia spa trenitalia carri transport busi basi licenc provid rail servic grant transport minist accord presidenti decre juli march servic concern decis intern rail passeng transport servic germani milan gvg provid intern passeng servic germani milan back intent feed passeng origin citi germani karlsruh koblenz mannheim basl propos stop quot sprinter quot rail link oper dai basl milan domodossola passeng continu journei milan similarli train milan basl local passeng passeng fed milan exist fs train gvg wish cater busi custom offer basl milan connect hour faster exist link unlik gvg stop servic oper stop basl milan gvg envisag provid addit servic train attract servic depend consider time schedul arriv departur time basl connect deutsch bahn ag hereinaft quot db quot interc train provid feeder servic traffic similar interconnect ensur traffic milan train depart suffici time differ train path envisag gvg train depart time differ hour addit order ensur shortest travel time good connect domodossola train path request gvg illustr servic set tabl minut stop basl bad catch interc germani gt tabl gt gt tabl gt fs swiss railwai undertak schweizer bundesbahn hereinaft quot sbb quot provid cooper rail passeng transport servic basl milan oper train daili chiasso train dai domodossola italian swiss undertak cisalpino fs hold half share sbb swiss bl lötschbergbahn hereinaft quot bl quot oper daili servic domodossola servic provid basi public servic oblig public servic contract requir servic licenc order provid cross border rail transport servic railwai undertak licenc condit grant licenc railwai undertak european union harmonis direct ec transpos itali decre year delai juli intern group present stage eu rail liberalis railwai undertak member state obtain access rail passeng transport market member state provis intern passeng transport servic enter quot intern group quot intern group defin council direct eec juli develop commun railwai associ railwai undertak establish member state purpos provid intern transport servic member state articl direct eec intern group grant access transit right member state constitu railwai undertak transit right member state shown recit commiss view articl direct eec direct effect direct eec implement itali year delai decre enter forc juli transposit direct eec legal obstacl italian law fs enter intern group railwai undertak eu member state purpos provid intern rail servic access infrastructur railwai undertak provid infrastructur capac time slot track railwai network wish provid cross border servic access infrastructur includ number servic action place point time element import inform avail train path relat price handl request capac permiss track capac train control includ signal regul provis inform train movement access refuel facil access passeng station access marshal yard access storag side access mainten technic facil servic made railwai undertak take formal decis start servic hold provis relev technic inform alloc train path reserv train path inform infrastructur tariff basi inform reserv train path potenti entrant establish busi plan base potenti entrant take entri decis posit lead start negoti potenti partner contrast infrastructur servic instanc access refuel facil passeng station negoti partner finalis oper plan servic begin council direct ec june alloc railwai infrastructur capac charg infrastructur fee defin principl procedur appli regard transpos itali decre year delai juli articl direct member state design alloc bodi ensur railwai infrastructur capac alloc fair discriminatori basi ensur alloc procedur effect infrastructur articl decre railwai infrastructur regul presidenti decre grant condit railwai undertak prove possess licenc safeti certif conclud administr technic financi agreement regard alloc capac infrastructur manag issu safeti certif pursuant decre fs rfi assign task infrastructur manag role alloc bodi articl decre infrastructur manag respons monitor circul roll stock mainten railwai infrastructur entri forc decre fs exclus concess oper italian railwai infrastructur provid rail transport servic basi articl read conjunct articl decre novemb basi cooper ministri transport fs respons defin condit access railwai infrastructur direct ec ec transpos italian law infrastructur manag fs entitl basi articl decre grant access network directli intern group issu safeti certif railwai compani access intern train path provis intern rail transport servic requir coordin train path nation railwai network coordin carri european railwai compani work group forum train europ hereinaft quot fte quot meet railwai compani discuss time schedul servic ensur roll stock infrastructur capac meet year organis regular basi railwai compani wish provid intern servic make request train path respect alloc bodi train path reserv temporari basi period time reserv cancel request made fte meet train path servic alloc bodi verifi technic safeti requir roll stock fulfil nation railwai undertak permit particip fte meet result privat railwai undertak gvg prevent particip directli slot alloc process intern train path member fte april make request train path eu member state german nation railwai undertak db safeti certif pursuant articl direct ec railwai undertak intern group safeti certif ensur safe servic rout concern order obtain safeti certif undertak compli relev regul nation law itali articl decre ministri transport determin relev standard regul basi propos made infrastructur manag infrastructur manag fs rfi grant safeti certif railwai undertak intern group traction order provid rail transport servic railwai undertak traction locomot driver move train network stage process liberalis rail transport sector eu number technic legal econom barrier provis traction intern rail transport servic centuri half european railwai develop nation boundari nation railwai adopt technic administr standard nation requir result nation signal system system electr suppli voltag nation system differ oper procedur length pass track safeti system driver train rout knowledg fact technic standard continu exist prevent interoper european market rail servic equip multipl technolog locomot chang border similar barrier exist driver rout knowledg nation licenc languag skill provid traction intern servic railwai undertak set separ locomot driver pool member state wish oper background italian legisl transposit relev commun legisl prevent fs grant access railwai infrastructur set intern group provid traction servic railwai undertak establish member state contrari provis italian law impli fs proactiv provis access infrastructur instanc articl decre infrastructur manag fs rfi offer rail transport undertak access network view capac maximum januari gvg wrote fs request inform cost access italian rail network purpos provid passeng transport servic infrastructur access cost traction cost commiss confirm repli fs letter gvg submit bid fs train path domodossola milan relat inform format intern group db fte similarli gvg request sbb offer train path basl domodossola june sbb offer gvg request train path swiss territori comparison januari db inform gvg write quot spite concert attempt made sbb quot respons obtain fs db geschaeftsbereich netz db netz confirm staff discuss fs sbb fte session gvg project db confirm discuss fs inform fs gvg intend carri train servic basi direct eec set intern group basi direct gvg join fte april make request date gvg contact fs request fte meet decemb gvg request fs provid traction plan rail passeng servic novemb fs repli time write point provid inform timet infrastructur charg gvg present document show enter intern group possess safeti certif itali licenc conform direct ec minut fte meet august gvg fs sbb bl met discuss gvg project note gvg made bid train path ask format intern group fs gvg basi direct eec request repeat gvg subsequ fte meet octob gvg lodg complaint commiss argu fs abus domin posit provid request inform access network enter intern group gvg continu make request fs traction format intern group continu request train path relat inform meet fte decemb gvg wrote fs complain fte meet past year ask fs enter intern group order oper train basl milan receiv repli fs gvg reiter request inform train path fs infrastruttura octob fs publish network inform manual set criteria procedur condit fee access italian railwai network decemb fs offer train path gvg price paid gvg refus path allow provid servic envisag permit connect train path offer sbb fte meet footnot januari fs provid gvg inform time includ price train path domodossola milan fact point fs offer train path price estim indic defenc fs argu oblig respond gvg request unclear relat train path occasion traction establish intern group note gvg written fs inform interest oper intern passeng transport servic request relat inform fs assert conflict db confirm commiss staff discuss fs sbb fte session gvg project inform fs gvg want carri train servic basi direct eec gvg request enter intern group db report fte meet la rochel remark gvg request train path sbb bl fs sncf sbb bl sncf repli request report note regard gvg project train basl milan rout sbb respons coordin fs spite repeat request made sbb repli forthcom fs railwai compani gvg made request fs react addit fs view share sbb basi gvg bid enter negoti gvg provid train path relat inform onward note period august august fs acknowledg awar gvg request enter negoti conclus traction intern group contract conclud septemb fs knew gvg firm intent provid intern passeng servic basl milan basi direct eec august inform gvg request enter intern group fs gvg repeat request write fs complaint commiss fte meet fs awar decemb gvg want provid traction servic fte meet fs rfi undertook provid gvg repli request train path juli fs rfi offer specif train path gvg domodossola milan time sbb withdrawn offer train path basl domodossola rail transport servic fte meet januari fs rfi gvg sbb db discuss gvg project gvg enter request train path rout fs rfi sbb make suitabl offer august fs trenitalia express willing enter intern group gvg provid traction june fs trenitalia gvg sign intern group agreement agre term traction contract complaint subsequ procedur octob gvg lodg complaint fs argu abus domin posit refus grant gvg access italian railwai market june commiss statement object fs preliminari stage commiss conclus fs abus domin posit upstream market prevent gvg gain access infrastructur refus provid inform gvg refus provid traction final fs abus domin posit refus enter intern group gvg fs elimin competit downstream market passeng transport rail fs written repli statement object octob hear place recognis principl provid technic inform gvg fs argu due intern reorganis readi direct eec start process gradual liberalis applic competit rule sector temporarili suspend process restructur nation railwai compani complet fs argu gvg depend fs provis traction oblig exist fs enter intern group hear commiss undertook fact find order verifi assert made parti hear decemb fs offer commit attach decis fs trenitalia offer enter intern group agreement eu railwai compani condit licenc accord direct ec present reason project oper rail transport servic itali discuss detail recit offer provid traction servic italian network railwai compani provid intern passeng servic relev market relev upstream market upstream market identifi market access infrastructur traction market market access infrastructur product market court instanc consid quot market access manag railwai infrastructur quot addit eu direct transpos italian law establish condit infrastructur capac sold direct eec establish access infrastructur intern group itali fs rfi sell network capac transport servic provid fs trenitalia cisalpino rail traction compani hereinaft quot rtc quot ferrovi nord milano spa hereinaft quot fnme quot provid access railwai infrastructur discret market capabl separ delin geograph market order provid rail passeng servic german citi mention milan basl gvg access italian network domodossola milan demand side relev geograph market interc railwai path itali connect swiss railwai network gvg run train basl milan domodossola milan segment train origin basl pass chiasso franc rout offer altern gvg longer travel time case fs rfi oper long distanc rail network itali connect basl milan impli gvg rent network capac fs rfi traction market product market traction defin provis locomot driver includ ancillari servic locomot driver back principl traction provid hous gvg partner intern group personnel locomot traction rent railwai compani provis traction link specif rail transport servic downstream market case passeng rail transport servic basl milan domodossola traction provid view carri transport servic requir fulfil traction supplier traction supplier provid locomot locat milan domodossola point time departur train time period specif transport servic termin case schedul train servic gvg plan servic basl milan traction provid regular basi daili locomot meet qualiti requir minimum speed fulli oper case gvg requir electr locomot capabl speed km hour contract traction meaning includ back ensur reason certainti term punctual reliabl continu servic back includ mainten repair locomot provis replac locomot regard driver traction supplier ensur driver licenc rout knowledg specif servic case locomot driver provid locat point time durat back requir exist driver market traction market rent purchas locomot traction servic provid railwai compani licenc locomot rent purchas railwai compani manufactur rent purchas locomot substitut traction concern provis roll stock traction includ provis driver mainten repair servic back addit element ensur continu schedul passeng transport servic recent year readili identifi traction market develop member state uk instanc british freight train oper ew freightlin gb railfreight dr provid network rail traction infrastructur train germani db privat railwai oper provid traction commerci basi quot privat wagon owner quot passeng transport db provid traction gvg sj intern group basi bilater agreement intern union railwai uic rule nation railwai compani provid traction cross border quot penetr quot servic sncf traction servic french railwai network intern passeng charter servic foreign railwai compani privat wagon owner db quot autoreisezug quot rout germani avignon fréju narbonn bordeaux société national de chemin de fer belg sncb traction belgian railwai network passeng night train oper pari amsterdam sncf nederlands spoorwegen ns similarli base uic rule fs trenitalia regularli traction servic foreign railwai compani traction instanc sncf passeng transport milan turin lyon rout germani itali db regularli oper train servic quot autoreisezug quot fs trenitalia traction ancillari servic db italian network price wagon contract parti servic compris volum year fs trenitalia provid traction overnight express oper night week amsterdam milan overnight express combin passeng freight train consist approxim passeng wagon freight wagon fs trenitalia traction servic privat wagon owner itali intercontain european rail shuttl intern contain transport servic milan fs trenitalia provid traction gvg passeng transport servic chiasso mont carlo geograph market eu member state locomot compli nation technic standard crew driver special qualif train permit drive nation railwai network servic locomot crew railwai undertak member state provid traction itali result gvg rent traction undertak oper itali locomot driver fulfil italian technic criteria order provid back traction provid call pool locomot short notic event technic failur mean pool suffici close domodossola milan rout time cost incur provid replac locomot disproportion relev geograph market confin region milan intern rail passeng transport market product market air transport decis support case law commiss develop point origin point destin amp pair approach passeng transport servic principl appli irrespect transport mode chosen individu passeng gvg propos provid rail passeng servic german citi karlsruh koblenz mannheim milan basl rout consid relev market transport condit passeng air travel high speed rail travel coach car travel interchang mode transport depend concret characterist servic instanc travel time case transport mode car coach air transport offer altern custom point view plan rail transport servic reason set recit gvg propos quot sprinter quot servic german citi milan basl direct busi custom germani main advantag aris shorter travel time gvg point point servic aim hour faster exist train gvg plan provid addit servic busi custom train custom car coach transport offer valid altern traffic karlsruh koblenz mannheim milan schedul coach servic written repli statement object fs argu journei time gvg plan servic ident servic oper cisalpino shorter tradit servic inter alia line speed km exceed gvg plan train offer servic custom assert correct gvg servic address passeng fed basl germani comparison travel time group passeng gvg train exist connect import element element travel time basl milan element interconnect feeder train place germani gvg schedul set recit requir train oper higher speed km shorter travel time gvg servic comparison tradit servic result fact gvg plan train stop servic exist train oper stop basl milan gvg plan schedul save time comparison exist connect due shorter stop domodossola exchang locomot comparison cisalpino passeng place germani main advantag plan gvg train interconnect basl cisalpino oper basl quot basl sbb quot railwai station train germani arriv basl bad railwai station cisalpino passeng transfer railwai station take minut contrast gvg train oper directli basl bad set recit passeng connect interc train germani minut importantli cisalpino departur time basl earli passeng start journei citi koblenz karlsruh mannheim passeng basl dai catch cisalpino morn similarli cisalpino milan arriv basl connect region train basl bad slower interc train result passeng take cisalpino travel time germani hour longer plan gvg train gvg train offer transport servic compar car transport servic provid chauffeur car travel consid transport servic passeng drive car qualiti transport differ consider transport mode train enabl congest problem road avoid work train difficult car driver addit estim travel cost significantli higher car hand car offer flexibl train departur time mobil arriv regard present rout car rail transport offer substanti qualiti element consid close substitut market similarli consider qualiti differ travel train aircraft gvg aim feed passeng basl citi germani airport nearbi direct flight milan fly passeng place origin travel airport aircraft chang bu train travel malpensa airport citi centr milan frequent bu plane check pass control airport numer disrupt prevent travel work travel case point point traffic basl milan price comparison demonstr transport air rail belong market return ticket cisalpino class cost eur eur dai price busi class economi class ticket direct flight offer swiss amount eur eur air transport time expens exist train connect hand case estim travel time air transport significantli shorter travel time train case basl milan cisalpino take hour minut comparison take account time need travel airport check air travel citi hour standpoint passeng case train air transport servic regard substitut due characterist price intend geograph market relev bundl rout germani itali karlsruh koblenz mannheim milan transport rail interchang custom point view result relev downstream market case rail passeng transport abovement german citi milan access market set recit particular european rail passeng market legal requir form intern group provis intern passeng rail servic articl direct eec establish access transit right intern group provid intern rail transport servic articl requir intern group conclud administr technic financi agreement infrastructur manag view regul traffic control safeti issu conclud intern group railwai undertak establish itali gvg provid servic germani milan access infrastructur conclus intern group agreement precondit enter market access infrastructur provid infrastructur manag intern group agreement conclud railwai undertak provid transport servic argu fs written repli statement object consid format intern group relat passeng rail transport market judgment court instanc en case specif mandatori form intern group intern group form tradit joint oper agreement railwai sector judgment unusu railwai undertak enter agreement sole aim confer contractu access railwai infrastructur railwai undertak member state necessarili enter commerci agreement joint oper servic agreement fall definit quot intern group quot constitut quot associ railwai undertak establish member state purpos provid intern transport servic member state quot concept intern group fulli fledg commerci agreement parti share risk equal agreement parti confer access right pursuant direct eec bear commerci risk domin fs undertak juli fs singl undertak respons oper railwai infrastructur provis transport servic juli fs accomplish restructur process hold compani hold compani legal independ subsidiari fs trenitalia respons transport servic roll stock traction fs rfi respons oper infrastructur clear continu behaviour part fs subsidiari separ entiti establish juli set recit decemb august fs subsidiari awar gvg request enter negoti traction intern group contract august restructur fs subsidiari trenitalia enter negoti similarli period septemb juli fs subsidiari rfi offer specif train path gvg fs hold compani fs subsidiari ident posit case statement object issu june address fs joint written respons provid fs subsidiari trenitalia rfi octob relat case fs trenitalia dealt issu relat traction intern group fs rfi respons issu relat access infrastructur fs argu respons action subsidiari regard case restructur fs consid undertak mean ec treati fs hold compani hold share subsidiari trenitalia rfi joint econom interest exist hold compani subsidiari undertak oper industri sector action subsidiari import effect perform subsidiari affect profit fs hold compani hand fs trenitalia import custom fs rfi hand infrastructur manag fs rfi plai import role decid extent potenti competitor fs trenitalia gain access infrastructur enter market hold compani subsidiari own sharehold interest ensur behaviour fs hold compani suffici coordin coordin ensur vertic fs hold compani own entir share capit rfi trenitalia posit exert decis influenc rfi trenitalia polici fs annual report fs hold compani respons set strateg polici manag direct subsidiari rfi trenitalia ultim respons sharehold group success consolid annual balanc sheet aggreg profit loss subsidiari hold compani respons definit implement undertak polici held liabl behaviour subsidiari rfi trenitalia state court justic stora quot occas court justic held fact subsidiari separ legal person suffici exclud possibl conduct imput parent compani subsidiari independ decid conduct market carri materi respect instruct parent compani quot fact rfi trenitalia belong hold structur common interest consequ quot legal administr structur quot unrel fs undertak mean articl rail transport servic commerci basi addit fs assign regulatori function role infrastructur manag alloc bodi due role fs rfi act supplier infrastructur capac market access infrastructur commerci activ infrastructur manag alloc bodi fs determin procedur condit supplier rail transport servic carri activ provis rail infrastructur facil fs contribut perform rang servic econom natur form part econom activ fs undertak mean articl ec treati exercis infrastructur manag alloc function conclud fs liabl behaviour subsidiari fs rfi fs trenitalia restructur domin relev upstream market domin market access infrastructur fs statutori monopoli oper italian railwai infrastructur addit role infrastructur manag alloc bodi fs rfi infrastruttura recit decis respons establish maintain italian railwai infrastructur assign train path railwai oper itali return fee view posit fs sell train path italian railwai network gvg order enabl oper domodossola milan rout court justic held articl appli undertak hold domin posit market posit due activ undertak fact reason provis laid law competit limit competit market altern infrastructur gvg provid plan rail passeng transport servic fs region railwai oper local network assign concess region railwai compani grant access local region network region railwai oper specif connect occasion section fs network connect track region network interc link gvg provid servic local region railwai network itali fs domin entir italian interc railwai infrastructur includ domodossola milan segment domin traction market case traction requir electr locomot oper speed km hour type approv oper italian network prerequisit safeti certif driver languag skill rout knowledg domodossola milan sector principl oper domodossola milan rout gvg obtain traction italian railwai undertak provid traction case set locomot driver pool itali shop element locomot driver back sourc traction provid railwai oper fs railwai compani offer long distanc servic itali restrict freight transport small entrant italian railwai market rtc fnme recit italian railwai compani basi locomot pool principl provid traction gvg commiss investig equip provid traction servic gvg plan servic extent suitabl locomot lack spare capac provid servic italian railwai undertak posit provid traction gvg sncf own bb locomot type approv oper itali locomot fulfil technic requir gvg servic authoris freight transport servic maximum speed km sncf driver oper italian railwai network rout knowledg contrast state recit fs provid traction servic sncf db gvg suffici spare capac provid traction gvg plan servic light forego conclud time fs provid sort traction gvg domodossola milan rout domin traction market traction provid gvg commiss investig gvg provid traction basi rent locomot driver back purchas locomot rent locomot driver back basi market investig conclud fnme rtc manufactur alstom bombardi finmeccanica siemen skoda equip provid suitabl locomot driver rent rent locomot feasibl altern gvg gvg wish rent locomot supplier addit rent driver italian railwai compani time driver italian licenc rout knowledg rent fs hire train staff feasibl plan intern rail servic due languag problem train requir gvg find difficult emploi german driver itali italian driver hand emploi itali gvg set pool italian driver set driver back servic itali domest long distanc passeng transport market cabotag liberalis gvg driver number servic train servic open competit itali highli uneconom set italian driver pool purpos provid intern rail servic basl milan impedi appli railwai undertak wish provid intern passeng transport servic itali irrespect size final rent back servic locomot need gvg domodossola milan rout conclud provid traction domodossola milan rout rent locomot driver back altern gvg obtain traction fs purchas locomot order provid traction basi locomot driver italian segment basl milan rout gvg make invest dedic locomot driver pool itali set lack interoper type approv procedur prevent gvg locomot approv member state italian network plan servic oper dai basl milan gvg italian locomot oper domodossola milan segment distanc km oper rout bind capac locomot final gvg locomot back oper basi locomot econom locomot capac bound back gener high fix cost bear mind consider variat reliabl locomot unreason envisag locomot pool compris unit case locomot provid back locomot oper mean locomot capac bound back order oper minimum effici scale gvg make locomot pool locomot envisag stage liberalis european rail sector undertak substanti own control nation member state gvg permit oper cabotag pure domest servic free competit itali current italian legisl gvg spare capac locomot oper domest rail servic itali situat acquir locomot plan servic gvg ninth italian locomot capac make invest italian locomot complet uneconom reason appli potenti entrant irrespect size order provid domest rail servic itali gvg set italian subsidiari driver locomot pool order obtain licenc safeti certif gvg italian subsidiari addit acquir roll stock wagon suitabl passeng transport result gvg main busi provis domest rail servic itali invest scale proportion entrant want oper intern rout itali present stage liberalis italian railwai market carri invest entrant make effici domest long distanc passeng market liberalis itali gvg italian subsidiari posit enter market wish provid traction basi locomot driver railwai undertak specialis provid intern rail passeng servic eu set multipl subsidiari member state basi current state european rail transport market disproportion requir railwai undertak make free movement servic econom viabl option final consid invest econom viabl market investig shown doubt gvg acquir suitabl locomot time market hand locomot itali possibl acquir hand locomot eastern europ fs admiss includ convers cost locomot cost eur million ad type approv cost bombardi hundr thousand euro eur million invest justifi signific difficulti obtain spare part repair servic short notic locomot principl purchas locomot suitabl oper gvg servic italian market commiss market investig shown number econom legal technic barrier rule option point union european railwai industri unif italian technic specif specif requir nation network locomot custom made price vari greatli depend size order deliveri time gvg purchas small number locomot face consider higher price nation flag railwai undertak make larg order uncertainti exist manufactur produc small quantiti tailor made locomot locomot gvg servic estim deliveri time month except manufactur posit provid back servic bombardi prepar hour price close price rent locomot econom viabl back bind locomot pool capac term yield gvg passeng train passeng dai cover entri cost decid acquir locomot oper train bui hand locomot requir passeng train achiev cost coverag traction feasibl basi exist passeng number cisalpino exist basl milan servic yield point point passeng train final econom viabl gvg acquir locomot oper back italian market gvg depend fs provis driver mainten repair servic conclud due lack interoper locomot absenc liberalis italian long distanc passeng rail market prohibit cabotag invest gvg railwai undertak locomot sole purpos oper domodossola milan rout prohibit expens make commerci sens due impedi market leas rental locomot hire driver infanc mean gvg depend fs provid traction plan transport servic basl milan conclus april fs de jure monopoli provis traction italian rail infrastructur fs de facto monopoli provis traction passeng servic domodossola milan rout present stage liberalis eu railwai sector gvg provid traction rout fs sourc traction domodossola milan rout provis intern passeng rail transport servic basl milan conclud fs domin relev traction market order oper plan servic indispens gvg obtain traction fs domin market rail passeng transport rout belong relev market defin fs present italian segment cooper sbb cisalpino fs domin market rail passeng transport domodossola milan consider entri barrier market obtain access infrastructur ancillari servic railwai undertak roll stock personnel compli nation technic administr standard system signal electr suppli safeti appli final order carri rail passeng transport servic germani milan rail oper enter intern group fs undertak licenc provid interc rail passeng transport itali italian ministri transport navig grant licenc railwai undertak compani oper long distanc passeng rail transport servic market liberalis itali order enter intern group gvg railwai compani safeti certif oper passeng transport servic domodossola milan rout order obtain safeti certif railwai undertak obtain suitabl roll stock certifi fs obtain safeti certif oper passeng rail transport servic domodossola milan fs italian railwai undertak enter intern group gvg servic provid domin substanti part common market member state grant statutori monopoli undertak part territori case law court justic territori constitut substanti part common market infrastructur decre novemb fs statutori monopoli market access italian infrastructur consid substanti part common market relev traction market downstream market passeng rail transport substanti part common market juli decre grant fs statutori monopoli regard traction provis rail passeng servic addit relev market substanti part common market relev geograph market includ member state case domodossola milan segment part relev downstream market intern rail passeng servic germani itali vital rout rail transport connect northern southern europ part tran european rail network tern abus domin posit fs commit abus domin posit relev upstream downstream market effect foreclos competit intern rail passeng transport number rout german citi milan basl recal italian law recit decis prevent fs provid inform enter intern group grant safeti certif grant access infrastructur provid traction licens railwai undertak establish member state abus relev upstream market refus grant access italian infrastructur fs hold monopoli alloc bodi design italian state decid request infrastructur capac italian railwai network capac fs respons assign train path railwai oper itali line court instanc aéroport de pari rule railwai infrastructur consid essenti facil fulfil main condit essenti facil establish cfi en decis indispens facil access grant elimin competit oper competitor unfeas duplic fs long distanc railwai network prohibit cost invest imposs restrict access railwai network constitut abus domin posit exclud potenti competitor market decis port rødby case commiss conclud undertak own manag essenti facil facil infrastructur competitor unabl offer servic custom refus access facil abus domin posit judgment télémarket case court rule quot abus mean articl ec treati commit object necess undertak hold domin posit market reserv undertak belong group ancillari activ carri undertak part activ neighbour separ market possibl elimin competit undertak quot point commiss notic applic competit rule access agreement telecommun sector refus give access facil prohibit pursuant articl refus made undertak domin control facil undu inexplic unjustifi delai respond request access essenti infrastructur constitut abus fs made power alloc bodi deni gvg potenti competitor market rail passeng transport servic train path domodossola milan rout withheld gvg inform enabl gvg prepar adequ busi plan effect deni access gvg object justif prevent gvg enter market provis rail passeng transport servic rout decid retain market provis cross border rail passeng transport servic fs extend domin posit market access infrastructur neighbour separ market decis ec fag flughafen frankfurt case commiss conclud infring articl aros fag monopoli ramp handl servic market maintain refus part authoris handl parti handl fact fag held domin posit ramp handl market prior commit infring justifi fag decis reserv market deni ramp access potenti competitor circumst present case alloc bodi verifi independ railwai undertak activ consid mean term avail time slot practic technic issu grant gvg access infrastructur fair discriminatori term experi previou case suggest alloc bodi activ market provid servic infrastructur prefer arrang minimis inconveni relat oper user direct eec explicitli mention access technic inform access infrastructur railwai compani form intern group commiss reject fs argument inform provid train path reserv applic enter intern group direct eec prejudic applic competit rule ec treati alloc bodi requir establish intern group provid inform relat price train path avail effect prevent market entri inform enabl entrant establish busi plan judg plan servic econom viabl fs posit provid inform give advic relat issu access infrastructur entri forc decre fs infrastruttura entitl pursuant articl decre issu temporari safeti certif accord direct ec stage infrastructur manag refus provid request inform ground gvg safeti certif fs infrastruttura proactiv approach instanc line oblig infrastructur manag fs inform gvg fs infrastruttura grant safeti certif advis requir obtain certif addit commiss consid articl direct eec direct effect relev case law court justic provis direct effect oblig impos member state suffici clear precis uncondit leav margin discret implement articl direct eec provis intern group obtain access infrastructur provis requir implement member state consid suffici clear precis accord abovement case law railwai undertak gvg reli directli provis request fs inform enter meaning negoti railwai undertak establish itali view set intern group articl invok gvg entri forc direct eec januari gvg form intern group view provid intern rail passeng transport servic milan entitl request inform fs train path price view obtain access italian infrastructur conclud period septemb juli fs refus provid inform access italian railwai infrastructur gvg object justif prevent gvg enter market intern rail passeng transport breach articl ec treati refus provid traction recit state traction consist provis locomot driver ancillari servic back market traction servic servic provid commerci basi member state recit provid exampl show fs activ traction market instanc fs regular traction servic sncf milan turin lyon db intern quot autoreisezug quot rout germani itali occas provid traction servic gvg rail passeng transit servic rail transport servic compet transport servic provid fs set recit commiss extens examin gvg railwai undertak member state altern rent traction fs trenitalia italian segment plan passeng transport servic basl milan examin shown commerci viabl altern gvg italian railwai undertak order provid intern rail passeng servic germani milan indispens gvg obtain traction fs italian railwai network fs respond gvg request traction decemb effect refus provid traction servic gvg servic fs refus justifi object reason instanc fs lack spare capac traction servic safeti reason prevent fs provid traction gvg fs obtain adequ remuner provis servic oper public servic oblig prevent provid traction servic gvg lack spare capac hear fs trenitalia argu spare locomot capac provid traction servic gvg investig fs trenitalia final declar letter decemb quantifi spare capac suppli traction servic million km year safeti reason ensur traction form intern group gvg obtain safeti certif plan passeng transport servic itali separ consecut step safeti certif issu infrastructur manag respons fs trenitalia judg gvg fulfil safeti requir refus provid traction justifi ground safeti concern adequ remuner fs adequ remuner normal commerci term public servic oblig final fs explicit oblig provid public servic financi equilibrium jeopardis servic gvg intend provid recit gvg plan servic basl milan compet cisalpino joint ventur fs sbb confirm fs repli statement object fs consid gvg plan servic damag exist traffic basl milan rout fs refus provid traction potenti competitor neighbour market market traction fs domin upstream market downstream market rail passeng transport downstream market competit refus provid traction gvg fs prevent potenti competitor enter market preserv monopoli posit separ downstream market elimin potenti competit market court consist held extens monopoli market neighbour market object justif prohibit pursant articl télémarket court found abus articl commit undertak hold domin posit market reserv object necess ancillari activ carri undertak elimin competit undertak appli domin posit due activ undertak fact reason provis laid law competit limit competit market commiss found decis ec fag flughafen frankfurt case frankfurt airport abus domin posit breach articl ec treati deni object justif potenti competitor access market provis ramp handl servic frankfurt airport market consid separ market provis airport facil adopt decis frankfurt airport monopoli market provis airport facil provis ramp handl servic present case italian law appoint fs subsidiari rfi infrastructur manag confer exclus right fs provis intern passeng servic rout stake fs refus base commerci decis undertak state intervent final settl case law refus suppli constitut abus lead risk elimin competit part request undertak relev market hinder competitor develop object justifi fs refus provid traction activ routin perform justifi object reason protect monopoli posit downstream market intern passeng rail servic basl milan constitut abus domin posit fs refus provid traction gvg elimin potenti competitor hinder growth competit downstream market harm consum benefit altern exist rail passeng servic infring place decemb june decemb gvg request fs provid traction servic plan servic domodossola milan rout fs make offer provid traction august novemb fs trenitalia offer gvg draft contract provis traction includ back plan servic domodossola milan rout june gvg fs trenitalia conclud negoti agre traction price abus market rail passeng transport refus negoti format intern group present stage liberalis european rail passeng market railwai undertak provid cross border rail passeng servic form intern group licens railwai undertak establish member state exist european regulatori framework preclud applic articl ec treati situat railwai undertak form intern group refus enter negoti view format group judgment en court instanc held servic regard quot quot entri relev market servic quot interchang quot reason special characterist prohibit cost time requir reproduc viabl altern potenti competitor exclud market refus provid servic present case format intern group fs indispens gvg undertak provid intern passeng transport servic domodossola milan rout quot interchang quot servic sens railwai undertak gvg enter intern group purpos oper rout set recit option exist stage gvg set subsidiari itali view form intern group subsidiari refus fs enter negoti gvg view format intern group justifi basi object reason constitut abus domin posit fs point gener oblig eu law form intern group enter intern group commerci interest provid concret reason enter negoti fs argu refus enter negoti gvg justifi gvg plan servic compet servic provid fs cisalpino basl milan rout preserv monopoli rout accept justif fs refus august fs awar gvg want enter intern group provid intern servic basl milan fs fail deal gvg request august june parti sign intern group agreement commiss conclud refus enter intern group gvg object justif period august june fs abus domin posit italian market passeng rail transport effect trade member state gvg aim provid intern transport servic germani itali point feed custom karlsruh koblenz mannheim basl rail passeng transport servic milan view characterist rout heavi traffic affect transport servic member state eu abus significantli affect trade member state articl treati fs reli derog provid articl treati justifi polici fs argu grant access gvg domodossola milan rout jeopardis perform fs condit econom equilibrium servic gener interest entrust cisalpino servic offer fs cooper sbb oper basi public servic oblig public servic contract appli relat train oper cooper sbb chiasso domodossola gener fs argu grant access gvg jeopardis public servic oblig relat transport servic main infrastructur network itali event commiss take view evid refus access gvg market intern passeng rail transport domodossola milan preserv financi equilibrium fs relat basic servic remedi termin infring regul appli abus relat market access infrastructur traction lie scope procedur rule specif transport sector fall regul applic articl ec treati concern regul eec lai competit rule appli transport road rail inland waterwai appli abus relat refus enter intern group market provis passeng rail transport articl regul commiss find infring articl treati requir undertak associ undertak concern bring infring end articl regul eec similar provis fs trenitalia enter intern group agreement agre term traction contract gvg fs rfi undertaken provid gvg suitabl train path domodossola milan segment train path made sbb swiss network basl domodossola segment commiss take note gvg entri market delai part settlement parti limit period time fs trenitalia fs rfi offer gvg special condit facilit market entri term consid specif case commiss consid undertak fs trenitalia fs rfi annex decis ensur infring brought end abus repeat commiss take note undertak aim solv problem gvg fs trenitalia addit undertaken enter intern group agreement railwai undertak possess licenc propos reason project intern rail servic period year fs undertaken provid traction servic discriminatori basi railwai undertak intend provid cross border passeng servic capac defin commit entrant oper intern railwai servic itali similar plan gvg traction price base fs trenitalia cost includ inter alia adequ return capit invest mainten cost roll stock concern gener undertak termin infring gvg commiss consid consider facilit entri market intern rail passeng servic itali commit elimin signific market access barrier start compani market entrant obtain time manner inform train path enter intern group obtain traction servic start servic undertak fs market entri startup phase contribut enhanc competit european rail sector articl regul articl regul eec articl regul inter alia commiss impos fine limit set articl undertak question intention neglig infring articl articl regul eec confer equival power commiss fs awar fact behaviour case refus provid inform access network prevent potenti entrant enter relev downstream market infring competit rule present penalis fine vari accord graviti durat infring case commiss refrain impos fine novelti case gvg entrant railwai undertak approach fs view form intern group fs propos undertak ensur fs repeat abus futur contribut significantli dismantl entri barrier intern rail passeng servic itali addresse set recit fs hold compani consid respons singl undertak decis address fs hold compani adopt decis articl refus enter intern group georg verkehrsorganis gmbh purpos provid intern rail passeng servic germani itali domodossola milan rout ferrovi dello stato spa abus domin posit italian market passeng rail transport breach articl ec treati infring last august june articl refus deal effect georg verkehrsorganis gmbh request access railwai network domodossola milan purpos ferrovi dello stato spa abus domin posit market access infrastructur prevent gvg enter market intern rail passeng transport breach articl ec treati infring last septemb juli articl refus provid traction georg verkehrsorganis gmbh form locomot qualifi driver rout knowledg back purpos ferrovi dello stato spa abus domin posit traction market prevent gvg enter market intern rail passeng transport breach articl ec treati infring last decemb june articl ferrovi dello stato spa immedi bring end infring refer articl decis futur refrain repeat similar act conduct articl notic commiss longer requir ferrovi dello stato spa report year commiss implement commit annex decis articl decis address ferrovi dello stato spa piazza della croce rossa rome decis enforc pursuant articl ec treati brussel august commiss mario monti member commiss oj regul repeal council regul ec decemb oj continu appli decis adopt prior oj oj regul amend regul ec appli oj oj oj schedul adapt time train path offer schweizer bundesbahn interc germani arriv basl northbound interc leav basl order chang train basl passeng minut travel time connect hour minut todai hour minut train arriv quot basl bad quot railwai station train domodossola arriv basl quot sbb quot railwai station passeng travel germani transfer quot basl bad quot railwai station train leav germani travel time train hour minut hour minut addit transfer time minut basl bad cisalpino arriv basl quot sbb quot station travel time cisalpino hour minut addit transfer time minut basl bad comparison travel time cisalpino gvg plan train section refer articl council regul eec june action member state oblig inher concept public servic transport rail road inland waterwai oj amend regul eec oj oj direct amend direct ec oj implement march instanc novemb fs set intern group swedish state railwai sj list servic provid annex ii direct ec european parliament council februari alloc railwai infrastructur capac levi charg railwai infrastructur safeti certif oj oj direct ec repeal effect march direct ec implement march italian offici gazett addit legisl decre region local govern licenc local region railwai compani oper network articl decre novemb italian offici gazett fte begin year railwai undertak commun need rail path slot meet railwai undertak develop draft plan studi find solut request fte take place request made schedul fix meet call fte take place decemb meet infrastructur manag harmonis schedul amend articl decre judgment court instanc case deutsch bahn ag commiss ecr ii fte minut distinguish offer train path quot réception annonc de sillon quot request train path quot command de sillon quot purpos inform infrastructur manag interest provid servic basi infrastructur manag investig avail request train path train path request letter gvg db septemb request made db fs septemb letter septemb db repeat request behalf gvg letter db gvg januari repli request inform februari letter gvg fs decemb letter fs gvg novemb note fs inform gvg fs respons grant safeti certif fte request gvg step bid train path order find complaint fs fax octob fs offer train path milan domodossola schedul opposit direct offer train path domodossola milan return train path offer oper train dai gvg oper addit earli departur time train basl late arriv time milan made servic unattract traffic final schedul offer fs request train path connect domodossola gvg claim sbb offer connect train path offer fs db netz intern report januari minut mention exact train path request gvg basl domodossola domodossola milan gvg connect train come germani basl state recit intern group form includ loos agreement confer traffic right group member join case european night servic en eurostar uk european passeng servic ep union international de chemin de fer uic nv nederlands spoorwegen ns société national de chemin de fer françai sncf commiss ecr ii quot en judgment quot paragraph uic fich specifi rule cross border traffic cfl db ns sncb sncf instanc conclud multilater agreement cross border servic price list annex multilater agreement detail price traction price personnel driver price vari locomot passeng freight transport servic quot autoreisezug quot transport simultan passeng car quot etr quot part text omit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket transport good focus express cargo good deliv short time time critic deliveri flower express mail spare part air cargo commiss decis ec juli austrian airlin lufthansa oj rail transport relev downstream market line case law commun court establish case deutsch bahn footnot paragraph judgment court point quot commiss justifi take consider materi definit market servic provid road haulier inland waterwai transport oper quot commiss decis ec case iv hov svz mcn oj rout discuss karlsruh koblenz mannheim milan drive km return trip estim travel time car journei consider longer train connect plan gvg instanc chauffeur basi gvg envisag price cost kilometr eur travel car travel koblenz milan back car cost travel train gvg propos servic cost differ increas significantli add chauffeur car journei passeng karlsruh koblenz mannheim conveni flight milan linat flight frankfurt increas travel time airport germani addit flight frankfurt milan linat depart earli morn even connect compar gvg propos time schedul case koblenz passeng leav case mannheim case karlsruh price applic flight time basl milan hour minut ferrovi dello stato spa trenitalia spa rete ferroviaria italiana spa observ submit pursuant articl regul proceed relat case comp gvg fs footnot paragraph judgment commun commiss quot integr european railwai area quot final annex ii en judgment footnot paragraph gvg form intern group sj swedish nation railwai carrier austrian graz köflacher eisenbahn group place year notifi respect nation author case agreement ensur parti obtain respect traffic right case oblig initi aros agreement case agreement gvg graz köflacher eisenbahn compani carri intern servic austria germani request partner compani provid addit assist ad hoc basi part intern group contract case agreement gvg sj initi group contract confer traffic right compani subsequ decid deepen cooper ferrovi dello stato spa quot jointli respons sharehold reorganis group quot case stora kopparberg bergslag ab commiss ecr paragraph case ici commiss ecr paragraph case geigi commiss ecr paragraph case europemballag continent commiss ecr paragraph commiss decis ec octob lack exhaust independ scrutini scale charg technic condit appli la post mail prepar firm access reserv servic oj point commiss decis ec sea contain stena sealink oj ec port rødby oj judgment court justic case gt link dsb ecr commiss court consid behaviour compani exploit infrastructur relat subsidiari activ provis servic infrastructur judgment court instanc case aéroport de pari commiss ecr ii paragraph case télémarket ecr repli request inform rtc fnme date februari march identifi fs letter commiss date decemb averag european nation railwai compani locomot reserv back locomot oper privat railwai compani manag oper consider lower back capac extent servic open tender gvg italian subsidiari provid region passeng transport servic itali market differ consider long distanc market requir locomot rout knowledg driver rail traction compani rtc ferrovi nord milano fnme assert principl foreign locomot itali ow month lead time type approv rtc chosen fnme import locomot skoda freight servic suitabl gvg plan passeng servic skoda offer locomot suitabl gvg servic view establish emploi locomot option gvg distinguish purchas leas locomot differ aris regard financ leas mean financ invest leas price base cost acquisit cost financ addit expens sale price locomot determin cost purchas cost leas leas market itali infanc base model fs trenitalia develop intern evalu econom viabil oper lexecon develop simul model fs verifi gvg provid plan servic basl milan acquir locomot assumpt gvg acquir locomot price eur million run train dai carri averag passeng train simul show discount net cash flow suffici cover initi entri cost juli fs statutori monopoli provid traction italian railwai network principl railwai compani provid traction itali provid licenc obtain safeti certif minist transport defin criteria grant safeti certif italian law definit criteria grant safeti certif undertak enter italian traction market fs de jure monopoli provid traction itali compani licens safeti certif issu april safeti certif grant rout freight passeng servic compani receiv railwai licenc itali compani possess safeti certif main privat railwai oper itali rail traction compani rtc ferrovi nord milano esercizio fnme rtc obtain licenc provid passeng freight servic itali safeti certif limit verona brenner verona mantua rout freight servic fnme obtain licenc provid passeng freight servic itali obtain safeti certif oper milan domodossola rout safeti certif limit freight transport case la crespel ecr paragraph case hoefner elser ecr judgment court justic case suiker uni ecr paragraph unit brand ecr paragraph fs enter intern group sj rail footnot paragraph judgment court instanc confirm commiss decis found airport facil pari airport consid essenti facil indispens provis servic ground handl similarli gain access infrastructur itali essenti gvg provis intern rail passeng servic german citi milan footnot paragraph judgment european night servic en court instanc cfi state infrastructur product servic essenti infrastructur product servic interchang reason special characterist prohibit cost time requir reproduc viabl altern potenti competitor exclud market footnot paragraph judgment decis ec port rødby footnot footnot paragraph judgment oj point case hoffman la roch ecr oj recit decis ec sea contain stena sealink footnot recit predecessor fs rfi recit decis letter gvg novemb fs point provid inform train path infrastructur charg gvg present document show enter intern group possess safeti certif itali case linster ecr becker ecr molkerei zentral ecr gvg request fs date back acknowledg fs repli statement object point number decis italian competit author found fs domin traction market intermod contain transport februari author sanction fs abus domin posit railwai traction market multimod transport favour subsidiari italcontain cemat deal excess demand rail traction fs introduc capac alloc system ensur fair effici alloc traction resourc case rtt gv inno bm ecr join case spain belgium itali commiss ecr footnot paragraph judgment decis ec british sugar napier brown oj commiss held british sugar abus domin posit british sugar market conduct intend forc napier brown withdraw british retail sugar market footnot parallel drawn situat fag flughafen frankfurt decis commiss frankfurt airport oblig oper airport properli safe allow retain activ recit decis judgment court justic join case ici commerci solvent ecr commiss decis eec british sugar napier brown footnot footnot market liberalis itali italian railwai undertak fs licenc base direct ec long distanc passeng rail transport acknowledg fs repli statement object point footnot commiss decis eec august provis spain intern express courier servic oj