special report develop phare taci privat sector period programm support sme region develop reorganis busi commiss repli submit pursuant articl ec treati acronym gt tabl posit gt introduct object phare taci programm support restructur economi countri central eastern europ newli independ state ni includ outset regul govern phare taci programm aid compris sector compon import develop privat sector distinct establish strategi pursu phare taci result phare countri aim join eu receiv sustain aid region develop sector polit context phare programm copenhagen european council meet june relat european union phare countri conduct view access essen madrid european council meet decemb decemb subsequ stress phare kei role financi instrument pre access strategi associ agreement europ agreement sign european union central east european countri structur dialogu establish head state ministeri level commiss publish white paper prepared state central eastern europ inclus union singl market agenda juli phare programm remain main instrument prepar state membership emphasi major area institut support resourc financ invest resourc central role develop privat sector phare programm emphasis time reflect share budget ecu million total phare budget period tabl gt refer graphic gt taci programm relat countri soviet union european union consolid partnership cooper agreement agreement defin polit commerci econom cultur cooper european union ni restructur develop compani remain kei object taci programm commit area amount ecu million total taci budget period tabl develop privat sector basic notion support privat sector take form privatis state own compani aid restructur compani promot foreign invest aid sme sector directli region develop origin support programm develop privat sector manag independ measur support region develop effect phare countri commiss wish encourag implement region develop polici case poland hungari sme support programm overlap compon region develop programm audit field object audit field audit concern programm support sme aid region develop restructur compani oper involv promot foreign invest privatis includ audit concern prepar transfer ownership relaunch activ compani countri sme plai central role process econom reform level develop differ countri concern commiss laid strict criteria defin compani elig phare taci sme aid sme aid eu aid sme region develop compris financi aid advic polici formul institut support creation sme support agenc train inform case phare financi aid financi instrument support sme minor infrastructur phare taci busi restructur support consist part hand depth support sector compani group compani technic assist make diagnos respect compani draw recommend implement hand servic similar offer sme support agenc offer demand financi instrument advic ad hoc aid train inform suppli programm manag unit specialis agenc object scope audit audit concern regular fund suppli sound financi manag oper conduct behalf privat sector phare taci countri period assess made extent commiss programm contribut establish viabl compani find base audit visit carri bulgaria hungari poland slovakia case phare uzbekistan turkmenistan russia case taci visit commiss headquart tabl gt tabl gt countri select basi volum appropri alloc poland hungari russia difficulti experienc sector bulgaria slovakia case uzbekistan turkmenistan support develop privat sector examin context broader enquiri summari main observ prepar manag programm observ formul report refer wave phare taci programm larg number implement end apprais programm account uncertain context prevail time lack previou experi serv refer point result vari countri effect support sme region develop consid posit countri visit bulgaria slovakia work carri assist region develop conclus field support reorganis busi countri project provid intervent stage diagnosi recommend implement recommend thing rare stage fact local resist fund need carri plan turn greater expect occas project specif prepar technic assist consult respons implement project turn unrealist put effect caus delai disrupt programm schedul project expect result depend success previou project start result rais question qualiti project specif hast prevail drawn paragraph emphasis mobilis resourc achiev result contract encourag sens respons part technic assist carri seri task inconsist ill adjust draw consequ action relat expect result paragraph implement programm suffer interrupt polit staff turnov commiss programm lost sens direct carri forc inertia fear administr procedur refus disturb budgetari implement prevent abandon redirect paragraph regard nation programm inadequ exchang inform phare taci depart reduc effici manag programm support develop privat sector commiss approach encourag share experi compar instrument evalu qualiti expert result paragraph effici implement procedur occas effici instrument adopt develop privat sector advers affect poor oper rule paragraph inappropri choic instrument relat local context paragraph competit instrument appli region paragraph excess complex financi instrument paragraph insuffici financi resourc relat problem solv paragraph whilst servic provid technic assist team case compli project specif failur show technic assist charg project adopt excess passiv attitud problem encount paragraph difficulti note respect coordin cooper particip essenti result bad plan absenc coher polit strategi paragraph assess measur implement continu difficult measur tangibl effect measur support develop privat sector absenc reliabl indic lack summari report activ make imposs obtain pictur impact programm paragraph regard degre implement measur assess contradictori vari countri paragraph countri nation budget made difficult phare taci aid financ replac nation fund possibl obtain fund local sourc limit unstabl polit legal environ fact difficult gain access credit paragraph prepar manag programm qualiti prepar implement deadlin schedul measur programm support develop privat sector characteris ambiti vagu object creat problem translat oper term problem made wors undu hast commit appropri draft technic specif ow desir improv budgetari implement price gt start graphic gt poland launch insuffici prepar sme subsidi mechan ecu million struder programm region develop result postpon expiri date realloc ecu million compon programm programm provid guarante fund initi link subsidi mechan separ launch evalu sme practic bank particip programm consult tourism sector programm launch produc result programm ecu million justifi desir speed implement budget cost adopt fact assess made programm bulgaria case sme programm bulgaria badli conceiv specif poor apprais abil success tender phase technic assist result extens doubl cost ecu million ecu million length initi contract programm favour privat sector implement account result previou programm success measur programm depend result inconsist financi instrument schedul guarante fund resourc mechan region invest fund discontinu programm complet redirect paragraph tourism sector financ agreement budget year due expir end decemb sign decemb receiv tourism committe project beneficiari partner april delai left month structur implement programm measur correctli rank approxim project lack genuin predefin prioriti launch time includ master plan assist restructur mechan sector contract ecu million provid success intervent phase develop strategi restructur sector develop implement action plan preselect compani term refer unrealist consult ask requir phase made stringent prioriti search partner half initi select compani result dimens scope project chang countri similar problem uncov russia regard strengthen smeda slovakia respect region develop support gt end graphic gt practic give rise project specif subsequ consid unrealist contractor ow implaus failur suffici account local constraint lead extens programm technic assist contract cancel redirect measur delai creat failur prepar oper disrupt sequenc phase programm jeopardis measur undertaken content programm timet plan measur lose coher realism project outcom depend success previou project undertaken inappropri context result gt start graphic gt russia russia project undertaken name beneficiari project specif support sme polici ecu million provid assist russian respons design programm promot sme develop detail subsequ design state sme support committe gkrp beneficiari improv situat gkrp particip plan project contribut expert work remot case demand driven approach appli role commiss consult clarifi gt end graphic gt gener rule commiss project file clear refer consult respons draft project specif introduc consult respons difficulti draw regist compet drafter remov name analys produc satisfactori result project contain refer sort implement measur draft consult contract bulgaria uzbekistan russia project suspens disrupt implement sme support programm signific manag staff commiss brussel local polit suspens project suffer inertia hungari poland prevent redirect suspend sluggish administr budgetari procedur ensur programm lost relev discontinu measur pursu sole aim commit appropri gt start graphic gt hungari hungari convert loan programm ecu million preserv cost instrument includ programm develop time stipul forego budget alloc framework agreement approv deleg sign financi intermediari decemb novemb singl loan approv bulgaria suspens disrupt implement sme region develop programm technic assist team evict offic author own build prevent work effect lack genuin hand respons success consult led commiss temporarili suspend region develop support contract lastli success manag commiss brussel year make overcom difficulti rais bulgarian author gt end graphic gt failur kind illustr problem relat natur specif consist term aim financ agreement consult contract draft adequ attent local context includ list activ undertaken servic render object attain remain vagu situat suit contractor oblig achiev result event difficulti hide unrealist natur specif justifi mediocr perform result inertia implement contract easier contractor perform seri task inconsist ill suit local situat learn mistak risk oper suspend contract renegoti flow inform exchang inform programm phare taci oper depart remain weak point inform qualiti perform consult true specif drafter contract compani expert technic assist team sme bulgaria grant contract extens total amount ecu million achiev tangibl result paragraph similar problem observ poland tourism paragraph inform kind background consult paragraph enabl inform choic made project plan clarifi procedur distinguish success role plai particip stage project cycl fact consult limit role pure organis work bring team staff recruit basi project requir numer expert approach time tender compani feel sens respons blacklist event poor perform interest paid intermediari proper complet task result record phare taci commiss assess sector instrument appear sector dimens common phare taci countri intent purpos commiss approach difficult sme manag phare taci countri benefit experi similar polici countri monitor evalu programm situat ongo monitor evalu gradual improv end phare taci compris unit specif respons matter assist extern team work spot conclus monitor evalu unit improv control contract project programm view enlarg limit gt start graphic gt poland compon struder programm launch suffer lack monitor central agenc pard paid attent oper expenditur region develop agenc apprais train evalu measur made mid sme subsidi system experienc teeth troubl plan origin made apprais month intermedi evalu made result recommend made month project expiri date adopt monitor sme beneficiari organis end case tourism plethora committe depart group respons supervis stop contract maintain contractor perform mediocr paragraph lastli loss revenu total approxim ecu attribut lax manag fund receiv tourism programm manag unit supervis commiss low rate interest monei deposit bank account special report decentralis system implement phare programm paragraph oj slovakia restructur project cover current technic assist contract monitor compani compani basi programm manag unit imposs express opinion practic impact support long term effect increas market share profit percept technic assist complet countri case observ hungari russia uzbekistan involv monitor problem gt end graphic gt end monitor assess characteris shortcom time requir commiss brussel awar problem aris advantag afford proxim good reason step monitor deleg level monitor evalu carri sole consult commiss analys effect consult work organis work method result project beneficiari paragraph end monitor evalu comprehens uniform possibl organis concert coordin monitor donor examin effici implement procedur choic concept instrument occas instrument implement support sme region develop turn unsuit result effect project concern consider reduc reason unsuit instrument surround context unsatisfactori oper rule gt start graphic gt poland lack prepar paragraph technic obstacl limit potenti us guarante fund initi design oper tandem sme subsidi guarante fund uncoupl introduc late delai compound rate commiss consid high beneficiari govern fund charg excess long decis make process bank respons manag applic procedur complex centralis russia project strengthen sme develop agenc smeda ecu million creat suffici cooper parti involv presuppos region smeda provid offic logist facil staff difficult econom context agreement nation sme agenc requir fail creat conflict agenc financi stabil threaten take account princip concern agenc financi independ project immedi creat situat conflict produc result contrari purpos assign strengthen smeda depriv resourc part nation agenc author mobilis region agenc project lack coher sector choic made relat local realiti unifi site select result small independ project fact prevent monitor assess unit deliv conclus reason time lack uniform characteris previou project set smeda ecu million larg number small assort modul gather singl contract made manag assess complic subsequ project similarli ill assort extent person respons judg term refer contract worst gt end graphic gt instrument prove worth countri context reproduc context adequ modif true model select region develop czech republ appli poland slovakia case instrument develop environ put belatedli result ineffect due initi context gt start graphic gt bulgaria year need launch sme credit line meant mechan question loan hard currenc exchang risk born borrow complet unsuit context econom decai prevail devalu lev dollar gt end graphic gt case observ mechan easi reproduc adopt countri subsidi sme minor infrastructur support region develop bulgaria slovakia restrict poland problem aros confus role competit instrument donor exampl instruct sme region develop programm hungari bulgaria excess vagu definit task entrust sme support agenc agenc concern region develop led confus situat type agenc work geograph area low success rate phare sme guarante programm explain limit advantag offer instrument credit line sme amount lent budgetari fund rate offer lower market rate guarante offer prime borrow rate bank loan accompani instrument simultan chanc sme steer guarante small evalu result invest fund substanti time convent instrument deadlin envisag financ agreement consider underestim reaction time instrument technic advanc convert loan sme hungari bulgaria turn complex immatur bank environ success sme expiri programm agreement establish happen revolv fund problem sensit bodi respons mobilis loan guarante instrument invest fund directli answer public author final regard reorganis compani bulgaria slovakia russia financi resourc mobilis compani turn inadequ implement recommend provis made implement contract technic assist major project examin technic assist provid compli project specif transfer place satisfactori condit failur found bulgaria poland russia slovakia turn technic assist charg project slow react problem encount conflict local manag gt start graphic gt poland tourism sector inadequ transfer case found poor servic provid case contract termin disappoint servic provid consult compani question benefit contract amount total ecu million subsequ met implement problem bulgaria sme region develop sector perform technic assist team provid consult remain level requir contract specif preparatori work intend creat condit introduct financi instrument carri insuffici research legal administr financi background preliminari work oper envisag unrealist subsequ consult fulli assess extent problem propos suspens contract numer extens contract negoti privat consult ecu million accentu failur compromis subsequ measur main redirect programm abandon financi instrument paragraph gt end graphic gt case tourism poland sme bulgaria difficulti accentu poor perform technic assist team slovakia inadequaci found term inform knowledg project specif part region develop agenc commun particip region develop support programm effect cost technic assist improv systemat recours firm consult combin local western expert provid greater scope transfer note assist provid reorganis compani poland felt poland tourism programm hungari region develop programm manag unit cooper parti coordin close cooper parti involv essenti effect implement programm case bad plan lack coher polit strategi contribut implement difficulti gt start graphic gt poland cooper tourism programm region develop prove exist june action discuss place conjunct region develop agenc cooper region develop agenc polish agenc region develop pard inadequ limit mere exchang inform slovakia ambigu composit manag bodi region develop agenc region invest compani respect role caus major conflict independ bodi set composit encourag uncoop hostil behaviour part agenc behaviour led failur pilot project disagr local manag foreign expert led prematur termin technic assist contract ecu million pilot project person respons region develop agenc possess specif technic assist contract secur servic foreign expert russia cooper ebrd manag sme loan scheme smeda support taci exist region gt end graphic gt practic failur defin link result insuffici activ cooper programm field activ close relat true polici involv region develop sme hungari lack clear definit field intervent creat rivalri project local network solut problem depend nation polit author clarifi respons parti involv assess measur implement measur impact difficult exercis measur tangibl impact polici support develop privat sector indispens commiss ensur difficulti due hand lack reliabl indic situat hand imposs isol precis contribut measur financ phare taci term measur effect situat instrument contribut object market constitut main drive forc develop gt start graphic gt bulgaria russia bulgaria visibl remain mediocr sme sector year launch sme programm ecu million novemb sector statist major indic assess develop lack reliabl statist characteris programm implement russia gt end graphic gt regard compani restructur programm countri examin summari data enabl assess degre implement recommend tangibl effect compani situat poland pmu estim approxim beneficiari compani adopt appli recommend restructur plan countri apprais vaguer kind approach make imposs identifi success factor includ futur project shortcom record programm manag term submiss report consolid result obtain monitor assess underlin unreli natur measur impact measur implement commiss phare taci contribut profound chang mental vi vi privat sector occur countri visit privat initi legalis wide promot success dissoci implement support local sme network region develop close support hand form local enterpris agenc hungari busi support centr region develop agenc poland slovakia bulgaria small medium size enterpris develop agenc russia uzbekistan turkmenistan network vehicl train activ advic financi measur micro credit extern constraint project cultur divid surviv structur resist chang part categori polit econom agent case deterior standard live aspect context project oper intens extent element vari countri account order ensur realist measur undertaken gt start graphic gt bulgaria poor assess polit legisl context resist consider underr degre chang ministri public sector compani caus project complex ambiti fail paragraph uzbekistan turkmenistan princip constraint note phare taci countri felt acut countri underdevelop natur bank system difficulti compani experi obtain foreign currenc constitut major obstacl rise privat sector gt end graphic gt countri extern constraint affect implement impact last charact measur constraint belong chiefli categori insuffici resourc nation budget accompani distribut phare taci aid effect unstabl polit legal environ ill suit programm implement great difficulti gain access credit sme budgetari implement instrument dg ia monitor account reform desire system access inform support sme region develop privatis reorganis busi measur titl type aid put head code pr level analysi access addit shortcom destin fund question natur aid aid provid train advic financi instrument group titl reliabl uncertain support financi sector includ privat sector develop taci phare examin budgetari implement commiss manag databas desire show phare taci programm support develop privat sector progress consider averag programm tabl countri countri examin implement yield heterogen result tabl point view decemb situat worri bulgaria romania payment ecu million programm commit favour develop privat sector bulgaria repres initi commit paragraph romania programm total budget ecu million show worri payment rate programm ecu million commit paid rate ecu million commit payment rate countri programm launch legal institut framework paragraph gt tabl gt gt refer graphic gt long term surviv institut spite success achiev set local agenc face challeng guarante futur financi surviv face constraint insuffici number total lack sme pai servic hitherto render free charg countri support sme govern prioriti local network depend phare taci fund balanc oper budget case govern concern fulfil financ commit interest question commiss drawn strategi withdraw phare taci risk part local infrastructur creat support sme region develop disappear short space time hand hand risk lose acquir staff bodi creat risk increas staff awar employ financi fragil knowledg led anticip problem quit job director advis support centr olsztyn sme poland left post lost level countri concern peopl receiv manag train find job leverag effect expect network drastic reduc depend foreign technic assist increas gt start graphic gt poland problem surviv affect busi support centr bsc sme foundat programm manag unit bodi creat programm develop tourism ecu million region invest compani ric oper sum earn fund bank pend invest project particip bodi compani reduc resourc oper surviv russia moscow agenc enjoi substanti support municip region author budget futur sme develop agenc smeda remain doubt search fund preced role provid servic sme question surviv affect busi support centr suppos local consult gt end graphic gt legal regular transact anomali found involv failur compli rule call tender introduc phare taci programm financ oper cost gt start graphic gt poland order commit fund expiri date region develop programm decemb call tender train project ecu million prepar hastili week time criteria draw restrict list candid compani submit bid hast act obstacl competit programm contract amount ecu million ecu award privat treati suitabl justif bulgaria contract train cours manag techniqu amount ecu million basic contract ecu million addenda conclud privat treati irregular slovakia technic assist contract ecu million slovak region develop agenc award muddl circumst cross check compani provid expert technic assist team appoint call tender found restrict tender list point exist strong risk collus compani gt end graphic gt rule govern phare state oper cost cover launch phase project phase period cost paid phare budget programm sme ecu million poland region develop ecu million poland tourism ecu million poland sme ecu million ecu slovakia assess countri audit poland ecu million obsolet legal framework sme programm ecu million result correct organis sme foundat clear strategi region develop support programm struder ecu million budget suffici larg meet local situat compon vari part support minor region infrastructur gave posit result ecu million sped numer invest decis sme subsidi mechan ecu million mark effect disburs rate object unclear case examin invest decid subsidi grant invest part financ bank loan fact leverag effect favour bank loan theoret object year fund made region invest compani envisag ecu million oper invest decis novemb guarante fund ecu million hand complet unus tourism sector main project aim strengthen institut framework reorganis ssta set nation tourist offic carri support industri restructur result sector studi consid satisfactori steel sector case technic assist measur initi envisag financ agreement ecu million replac technic modernis project compani sector report drawn canadian consult polish govern sum made repres need modernis sector final invest fund feda fund ecu million provid programm light dai june hungari ecu million hungari measur support sme ecu million differ financi instrument micro credit distribut local agenc popular sme loan distribut bank network achiev disburs rate end convert loan mechan ecu million oper novemb year develop train measur ecu million compani restructur support programm achiev aim laid financ agreement design particip part object train activ optimist view fact market satur field institut offer manag cours bulgaria ecu million aid sme region develop ecu million origin involv financi instrument abandon guarante fund invest fund region invest fund nation sme agenc set project precari state end respect credit line slightli ecu million realloc project satisfi guidelin initi financ agreement ecu million simpli decommit novemb compar initi forecast actual expenditur ecu million programm achiev lower impact object laid financ agreement support restructur compani result measur lack realism breadth allow hope signific result polit econom situat prevail time countri question sector activ divid phase analysi situat sector compani involv develop strategi select limit number viabl compani restructur plan adopt suppli technic assist compani select implement recommend measur case examin mechan engin metallurgi sector phase ecu million tourism sector initi ecu million studi draft implement recommend privatis abandon ecu simpli written studi relat prepar legal framework tourism abandon respect support restructur compani addit sector activ favour compani select advanc signific sum ecu million commit servic offer programm manag unit counter approach includ technic assist compon ecu million train compon ecu million absenc post assess counter approach advantag gain compani evalu us fund spent remain prove addit organis train cours ecu million main contract includ set bodi capabl continu measur launch bodi light dai slovakia ecu million slovakia aid sme ecu million ecu implement plan network agenc activ instrument provid se spinoff fact measur concentr nation sme develop agenc enjoi unambigu polit support larg contribut success region develop ecu million pilot experi region countri failur absenc clear strategi polit econom constraint specif region select ambigu respect role region develop agenc region invest compani main failur circumst implement programm remain slow cost effect ratio low respect support compani reorganis ecu million diagnosi recommend phase carri seldom implement recommend question russia ecu million except smeda reinforc project sme project implement impact remain limit small size relat countri vast spread budgetari resourc thinli characteris project support restructur compani programm examin support direct direct aid restructur major compani special sector assist definit sector polici aid restructur compani set enterpris support centr esc whilst final beneficiari aid provid modifi work practic organis result impact chang quantifi addit amount alloc compar size russian compani room hope signific effect uzbekistan ecu million set compani support network smeda bcc msdc region advis constitut visibl aspect result support develop privat sector uzbekistan ecu million except samarkand agenc level activ bodi remain limit produc modest result true support silk sector ecu million experienc problem attract foreign investor turkmenistan ecu million spite extens restructur programm studi compani diagnosi stage implement recommend begun end addit sme develop agenc smeda set ashkabad chanc financi independ end technic assist contract januari conclus gener speak clear distinct made tangibl effect measur intervent sector consult activ project give expect result difficulti gener result manag error badli design intervent scheme standard work part technic assist team lack cooper player extern constraint overcom tangibl effect difficult quantifi result phare taci measur paragraph term natur intervent advic sector polici group beneficiari effect sme case commiss endeavour defin object intervent establish clear refer point result obtain measur intervent quantifi term number train cours piec advic provid loan financi aid grant quantit assess carri ad hoc basi local level consolid sector level paragraph answer essenti question us measur effect employ growth compani profit aid tangibl quantifi inform make comparison instrument geograph area comparison plan manag commiss scheme comparison loan default rate made analys success failur carri ratio technic assist cost result obtain intervent type calcul manag aid result percept lack quantit indic extent differ project countri paragraph constraint polit econom context implement good time measur base sound manag attenu failur greater care plan measur realist measur organis timet make project coher commiss refrain launch oper success depend prior exist solid legal background set paragraph technic assist consult made answer result project respons moment contract specif drawn tangibl object achiev prefer list activ undertaken servic provid context envisag draw blacklist consult unrealist vagu tender specif pretext justifi poor perform part redefin current system poor work carri consult connect project prevent subsequ select lack transpar critic respect expert respons draft tender specif paragraph manag programm cover countri commiss geograph approach hinder free flow inform sector activ paragraph result absenc common approach part manag central depart programm monitor inadequ compil experi gain countri sector activ creation special unit respons monitor project reliev manag respons run measur act contract manag project manag receiv extens report consult unabl make succinct quantit assess programm respons connect proper control oper implement requir progress level strengthen role deleg analysi impact intervent consult improv consist monitor manag provid implement report similar synthet structur project kind develop standardis monitor tool enabl consolid assess conclus formul concret recommend instrument intervent sector make learn experi systemat benefit futur measur absenc standardis kind situat assess consider delai imposs make adjust good time question monitor vital context access negoti grant fund condit complianc schedul adopt implement measur appli context instrument adopt support sme region develop prove effect paragraph ignor condit context oper smoothli remain weak point commiss aid scheme highlight diverg polit declar author beneficiari state favour sme act need follow rapid adopt suitabl legisl budgetari decis outstand success occur countri act consist point view effect aid noteworthi effect polit cultur chang phare taci contribut countri concern stimul privat initi countri notic attitud polit author sme polit prioriti constitut import sourc altern employ consequ industri reorganis inevit context market economi paragraph field sme region develop creation local network give assist spot inform advic train financi mechan favour sme tangibl result phare taci intervent strategi surviv support bodi ensur phare taci scheme end surviv hypothet public author compani involv face shortag fund keen pai servic hitherto offer free charg rapid integr bodi pmu public author avoid loss knowledg gain high price contribut strengthen public author prioriti goal phare guidelin paragraph question long term surviv bodi set context presuppos clarif notion support sme region develop polici overlap network compet search fund term servic offer custom paragraph support restructur larg compani involv depth intervent sector compani level offer servic counter local agenc programm manag unit assess depth intervent complex project monitor durat technic assist contract main effect expect emerg subsequ year paragraph oper diagnosi recommend stage recommend implement paragraph financi resourc made compani derisori relat scale problem encount guarante implement recommend paragraph la cart servic paragraph offer programm manag unit local agenc direct small busi theoret offer advantag approach improv leverag effect produc commun fund stimul profession capac local consult requir activ involv beneficiari back desir chang post assess carri view find impact approach question experi carri restructur compani prove convinc recommend drawn carri reason great diverg fund size problem solv converg approach adopt eu donor enabl convinc result achiev point view role ebrd commiss main partner fund studi phare taci prior invest cooper ebrd make suffici amount capit mobilis wake loan guarante effect implement measur recommend method deserv consider commun budget part risk guarante part loan report adopt court auditor luxembourg court meet septemb court auditor bernhard friedmann presid council regul eec decemb oj amend council regul ec april oj council regul eec juli oj council regul ec june oj albania bosnia herzegovina bulgaria croatia estonia hungari latvia lithuania poland romania slovakia slovenia czech republ fyrm european council cann madrid june decemb entri forc access partnership march formalis tendenc commiss report implement phare programm februari commiss commun council european parliament industri cooper countri central eastern europ march commiss report implement phare programm juli sourc desire databas armenia azerbaijan belaru georgia kazakhstan kyrgyzstan moldova mongolia russia tajikistan turkmenistan ukrain uzbekistan sourc annual taci report adapt legal framework launch privatis measur accord techniqu transfer properti paragraph court annual report financi year commiss recommend april definit sme oj perform score region invest fund seed capit equiti scheme annual report european court auditor financi year paragraph oj local author deleg technic assist pmu ebrd lea bsc rda smeda special report decentralis system implement phare programm paragraph oj programm programm repli commiss introductori comment commiss commiss consid programm launch phare taci stimul develop privat sector made sizeabl impact short time run time programm propos concept market economi cultur develop privat sector beneficiari countri major employ opportun restrict larg compani primarili state own state control eu face task develop programm physic reform nurtur market base privat sector chang polit cultur environ enabl reform implement immens task resourc phare taci suffici meet beneficiari countri commiss target limit resourc action design creat catalyt effect stimul intern develop measur polici develop coordin intervent intern donor ebrd world bank eib disburs resourc alloc privat sector develop court acknowledg rapid phare taci programm result date sme posit interim evalu conclud phare activ sme develop relev reform process introduc institut sme develop extend support sme unpreced scale programm deliv relev support transit process phare taci partner state mention court awar import privat sector role sme market orient econom system increas consider extent polit cultur think privat sector develop chang markedli programm effect impact case suffer result polit instabl lack resourc part end beneficiari implement recommend restructur plan commiss progress increas capac monitor evalu programm dedic monitor evalu unit establish octob logic framework method evalu adopt ensur consist evalu methodolog contract procedur strengthen harmonis phare taci procedur februari instruct manual revis updat ensur sound guidanc practition phare programm reorient march adapt programm measur aim support access strategi candid countri reform taci regul underwai aim close adapt aid regim evolv requir beneficiari countri measur enabl commiss build result privat sector measur implement date ensur closer align futur measur partner state audit field object audit field initi phase phare programm flexibl definit sme consid realiti countri concern busi countri gener larger union number employe recent standard eu definit sme increasingli specif phare programm target small firm elig criteria recent restrict sme satisfi commiss recommend april summari main observ prepar manag programm court report cover primarili period influenc initi set phase phare taci programm situat beneficiari state privat sector develop improv import note time programm design break ground clear privat sector develop crucial success transit process preced base design programm addit recognis court report level polit commit privat sector develop crucial bulgaria lack polit commit agre privat sector develop programm import factor delai affect programm view urgenc help nascent privat sector recipi countri wait impact assess earlier programm take decis follow programm risk lose momentum sector case undermin sustain follow programm main respons success failur programm rest recipi govern respons ensur conduc polici context limit extent respons impact transfer technic assist team commiss assess support develop privat sector polici recipi countri held respons sudden polici affect success programm countri contact consult phare taci personnel carri inform basi includ phare offic attend taci evalu tender vice versa evalu report circul phare taci team contribut cross fertilis idea recognit matter common concern effici implement phare taci recent independ oper review confirm coher strategi undertaken area support sme commiss accept problem encount reluct bank particip financ scheme issu address part follow interim evalu effici instrument implement depend strongli econom context court point russia extrem difficult commiss review draft strateg plan financi instrument order avoid overlap promot synergi fruit cooper commiss accept instrument guarante fund complex design limit success phare potenti act catalyst establish sustain form financ sme commiss consult beneficiari countri consid adopt worthwhil time success blunt reluct local bank particip scheme agre amount fund alloc phare taci compar countri concern climat wide rang prioriti compet limit resourc simpli meet fund requir commiss sought focu effort action impact phare taci fund enterpris restructur sector effect deploi catalyt effect partner state effort stimul develop privat sector effort continu made coordin fund activ donor ebrd world bank eib maximis impact limit resourc difficult judgement made regard programm make swift progress origin hope case mention princip reason slow progress lack commit programm recipi author continu engag commiss realist altern abandon programm vindic case struder programm poland slow start part result activ manag commiss eventu develop success programm polish author estim grant expect creat job assess measur implement commiss recognis measur impact privat sector develop difficult reason court unit specif dedic task monitor evalu establish specif evalu sector sme privatis restructur underwai assess programm sampl basi provid evalu unit ongo assess provid monitor team gener climat beneficiari countri import constraint construct engag commiss seek oper climat activ chang demonstr effect success sme develop programm struder plai import role chang attitud beneficiari public administr privat sector prepar manag programm qualiti prepar implement deadlin schedul measur court report cover primarili period influenc initi set phase phare taci programm import note time programm design break ground clear privat sector develop crucial success transit process preced base design programm criteria detail object formul addit recognis court report level polit commit privat sector develop crucial bulgaria lack polit commit agre privat sector develop programm import factor delai affect programm poland struder experi phare poland programm plai import role improv situat region develop poland commiss implement scheme close guarante applic process commiss opinion reduct number instrument reduc programm impact charact commiss undertook initi improv situat interven govern chang orient tourism programm develop poland tourism strategi protract process result high level region involv good degre ownership final strategi polish author privat sector bulgaria commiss awar difficulti end relat delai start mid subsequ reorient discuss agreement realloc extend mid effort put design sme programm driven commiss bulgarian govern agreement step process slow pace great difficulti perceiv lack polit commit develop nation sme strateg polici clearer programm implement develop sme sector speed newli elect govern approv draft sme strategi includ sme agenc technic assist provid tourism privatis strategi project launch time privatis law suspens due intern govern controversi eventu bulgarian govern abandon agre sector approach ultim dictat prematur termin project contract addendum parti conclud level success achiev direct contract western partner transfer familiaris western busi practic mechan foster busi relationship accept requir initi provid concret result broader cooper develop deeper relationship manag inexperienc busi foreign partner justifi addendum support sector countri russia entrepreneuri activ legal year start point sme develop eu experi draft run project sector russian context project began situat clearer previou experi taci system part eu russian parti account recent independ oper review taci strategi privat sector develop area complet januari confirm coher strategi undertaken sme sector specif smeda network beneficiari countri polit econom context continu chang defin prepar project develop difficult predict occur project definit project implement incept phase project foreseen account circumst readapt project work plan ensur smooth run project project execut unforeseen place requir project extens budgetari modif origin contract order ensur deliveri plan output achiev impact russia observ refer project design sme russia dynam emerg sector countri privat entrepreneurship phenomenon lack legisl appar background consid provid assist case point court except justifi normal practic statement endors sign beneficiari launch tender inform consult unit qualiti consult qualiti term refer tor ultim respons commiss tor produc extern consult subject care review individu task manag issu implement measur draft consult contract commiss consid polici beneficiari countri princip factor advers affect programm implement fluctuat polici made difficult maintain consist line deliveri action concern inevit made programm manag difficult central staff commiss part reflect difficulti find suitabl qualifi intern personnel relianc short term extern contract staff lead frequent staff project hungari work start detail design convert loan scheme commiss occas doubt design scheme commiss view hungarian author continu express prefer establish quasi equiti type scheme alloc ecu million approxim ecu million includ accumul interest recov hungarian author base draft final audit report bulgaria notwithstand extrem difficult uncertain polit environ characteris sme develop bulgaria technic assist team perform standard expect earli programm sme develop enterpris restructur characteris reduct plan stage order respond rapidli request govern transform process eastern europ began polici context phare taci oper clearer success programm oper enabl commiss servic contractor acquir detail knowledg polit econom condit exist countri incept stage earliest programm earli programm evolut term plan definit object poland struder region develop programm design incorpor defin object instrument develop region develop polici poland process complet phare taci contractor oblig initi progress document term incept report list detail object verifi indic success element project basi monitor team assess contractor perform flow inform contact consult phare taci carri inform basi includ phare offic attend taci tender evalu taci contract vice versa evalu report circul phare taci team contribut cross fertilis idea recognit matter common concern past contract extens practic base natur secur continu project manag unit pmu bulgaria meantim supersed clear stringent guidelin condit limit contract addenda includ amount problem cite court relat poland comment comment comment monitor evalu programm poland lack experi region develop agenc work expert lack region develop plan languag barrier part environ struder programm oper fact programm creat commiss establish systemat monitor assess system report relat struder programm issu polish author requir monitor sme project fund phare line phare programm rule commiss approv work programm month constitut addit monitor tool impact studi regular report provid polish region develop agenc identifi number sme support amount invest gener number job creat number municip small infrastructur project support inform monitor assess report produc commiss june overcom initi difficulti struder programm prove success commiss undertook initi improv situat govern chang orient tourism programm develop poland tourism strategi protract process result high level region involv good degre ownership final strategi polish author privat sector larg balanc fund maintain account result incorrect estim cash pmu due estim pace implement accept work perform contractor late submiss invoic contractor commiss awar gener problem effort made evalu systemat actual basi amount account actual stage contract implement pmu past forecast record grant advanc payment countri case hungari written request commiss experienc difficulti obtain copi final report monitor activ pmu case difficulti obtain report contributori factor commiss decis approv extens technic assist contract uzbekistan court refer procedur monitor expert specif contract commiss confirm taci procedur time sheet requir invoic fee commiss process deconcentr procedur function devolv deleg partner state fund authoris stap facil recruit deleg long term technic assist directli link programm implement short term technic assist provid framework contract enabl deleg recruit independ expert task attend tender evalu prepar term refer monitor assess addit examin consult onward monitor exercis examin deliver beneficiari organis adequaci monitor complet evalu exercis respons assess impact evalu unit oper year complet coverag phare taci programm evalu sector countri basi inevit take time complet commiss examin issu measur effici implement procedur choic concept instrument phare taci recent independ oper review confirm coher strategi undertaken area support sme commiss accept problem encount reluct bank particip financ scheme issu address part follow interim evalu russia commiss agre observ court case subsequ project lesson learnt consider commiss view problem face sme tend broadli similar phare countri intens problem inevit vari individu region polit constraint individu countri vari prevail econom condit similar financi instrument requir degre reason commiss propos implement horizont sme programm tackl problem common phare countri time specif region problem address specif measur defin region develop programm applic specif countri common specif problem face sme address inevit case instrument render applic initi condit subsequ chang commiss object adjust instrument appropri problem appar bulgaria long delai phare sme credit line coincid virtual collaps bulgarian economi improv macroeconom circumst propos restructur bank sector disburs credit line quickli futur comment bulgaria comment hungari commiss review draft strateg plan sme region develop order avoid overlap promot synergi fruit cooper region develop sme programm pmu request provid written agreement divis task programm ecu million sme develop alloc region develop programm implement relev local enterpris agenc measur form part ongo process review commiss consult hungarian govern aim ensur effect posit sme programm context region develop guarante fund complex design limit success phare potenti act catalyst establish sustain form financ sme commiss consult beneficiari countri consid adopt worthwhil success blunt reluct local bank particip scheme bulgaria comment studi statu phare loan scheme pl hungari determin arrang futur administr fund serv sourc background document complet review phare sme programm includ programm fate revolv fund hungarian author concern hfep hold implement state fund fulli subject regular inspect state audit offic hungarian ministri mitt activ start soft restructur enabl time compani free fund increas profit implement depth restructur recommend initi project recommend implement year end project technic assist court acknowledg major project technic assist provid prove satisfactori commiss setback encount project due delai reaction technic assist contract commiss poland court remark refer contract contract commiss recommend inform close contract compani propos select polish author polish tourism programm programm benefit western consult difficult strike balanc western eastern consult tourism programm suffer lack commit side author privat sector polit factor econom domin poland princip reason bulgaria princip difficulti stem uncertain polit environ characteris sme subject bulgaria commiss step aim prevent similar occurr futur particip local consult encourag number consult countri expand rapidli field expertis sourc knowledg provid good monei commiss constantli seek utilis term refer project beneficiari countri requir good local knowledg part prospect consult fulfil local expert term refer prospect tender submit local engag personnel consider term refer forthcom framework contract audit phare taci programm state local expert propos part complement expert requir cooper parti explain factor contribut difficulti concern poland struder programm adopt demand driven approach basi propos request assist region polish region develop agenc activ assist region author elabor region develop plan sme scheme tender document train programm project prepar slovakia hostil attitud region develop agenc led eventu unsatisfactori perform programm russia cooper ebrd region ventur fund rvf russia taci enterpris support centr esc extens anticip commiss process negoti draft agreement ebrd taci modal futur taci support cooper ebrd activ agreement reach technic level pend final approv ebrd commiss assess measur implement measur impact bulgaria number survei studi privat sector bulgaria lack detail inform due rapid chang econom environ due fact nation institut statist adequ inform absenc reliabl statist russia continu problem constitut restrict encount oper technic assist project defin project great extent relianc quantit data experi previou project sector studi make detect problem level individu enterpris industri sector institut taci assist reform russian statist system start cooper programm russian ministri concern present implement degre implement recommend impact enterpris perform object evalu exercis carri qualit evalu identifi practic dissemin remain difficult carri full quantit evalu specif project extern constraint project commiss share opinion court local constraint account consid local constraint local econom context fulli account taci countri exampl bulgaria comment uzbekistan turkmenistan weak bank sector uzbekistan turkmenistan real constraint develop privat sector commiss sought tackl larg bank train programm provid ecu million assist region bank train centr tashkent subsequ ecu million project launch design deliv consult servic directli bank strengthen associ bank high level bank train problem currenc convert uzbekistan sever affect invest access domest enterpris raw materi technolog lack convert currenc coupl macroeconom rigid reduc incent enterpris restructur capac benefit restructur comment budgetari implement manag inform system improv commiss share opinion court improv system improv present prove difficult introduc detail level suggest court major reason low disburs level bulgaria due lack govern commit privat sector develop continu reorganis kei decis maker long term surviv institut commiss sought progress decreas phare taci support run cost sourc provid correspondingli increas proport fund approach recognis role author partner state plai help secur long term sustain develop agenc experi eu economi live sme sector prove train support structur sme subsist public fund commiss direct influenc level support local feder govern choos provid organis poland commiss concern long term sustain polish sme foundat thusfar drive forc countri sme polici problem resolv phare implement review meet held warsaw ministri economi made commit fund budget equival amount ecu payment oper cost sme foundat sme law prepar poland transform foundat state agenc implement nation programm sme addit usaid partli contribut cost sme foundat russia base experi smeda eu russian smeda surviv support local administr sme sector term refer prepar action programm oblig contractor appli exit strategi entail phase reduct financi contribut core cost manag support match increas earn incom legal regular transact outlin anomali explain bulgaria possibl direct contract significantli restrict part revis tender contract procedur system exist verifi principl open competit framework decentralis implement procedur slovakia comment oper cost sme foundat commiss comment find court di report payment salari oper cost high turnov staff pmu poland case polish region develop agenc number polish staff paid programm reduc reduc dialogu govern agre programm poland fund pmu oper cost sector govern alloc ecu million budget contribut pmu oper cost phare programm onward strategi phase pmu phare orient commiss issu march complet abandon poland payment pmu oper cost phare phare contribut run cost slovak republ concern sme agenc grant digress assess countri audit poland ecu million gener phare programm poland perform satisfactorili action success expect aid programm beneficiari ask introduc difficult reform current posit polish tourism guarante fund project assess part upcom phare implement review privatis restructur steel sector poland highli sensit issu reflect recent trade disput eu poland financ memorandum approv time polish govern prepar steel restructur plan plan materialis time foreseen resourc focus number activ object restructur privatis sector concern approv commiss work programm system line phare rule legal reason invest fund feda scheme oper pmu requir establish legal basi time feda scheme approv commiss assur happen quickli discuss feda pointless legal framework establish final occur june half year signatur financ memorandum meantim feda scheme realloc request govern flood damag reconstruct programm hungari ecu million comment sme busi leader access costli privat train cours train measur organis phare provid viabl altern success bulgaria ecu million difficulti cite court illustr lack commit bulgarian govern hand financ memoranda sign commit govern implement programm object occur limit organis aspect govern creat sme agenc phare programm present provid technic assist institut strengthen support program action complet lack govern commit slovakia ecu million pilot enterpris restructur privatis programm number recommend studi board manag compani russia ecu million agre amount fund alloc taci compar countri climat wide rang prioriti compet limit resourc simpli meet fund requir commiss sought focu effort action impact taci fund enterpris restructur sector felt turkmenistan ecu million end taci project creation smeda asghabat financi sustain reach approxim januari follow project start entitl support smeda asghabat durat month expect financi sustain approxim end project increas justifi great number client foreign local enhanc diversifi packag servic train conclus commiss agre develop clear object measur assess achiev import share court view report difficult introduct log frame approach import step direct set special dedic monitor assess evalu unit commiss programm achiev expect result gener due poor design manag case contributori factor except rule overwhelmingli major factor programm succeed plan lack polit commit recipi imposs predict difficult manag contact consult phare taci personnel carri inform basi includ phare offic attend taci evalu tender vice versa evalu report circul phare taci team contribut cross fertilis idea recognit matter common concern difficult evalu phare taci impact sector level relat specif instrument evalu unit launch number sector instrument evalu view address issu provid requir feedback level program exercis allow cross fertilis area manag aid gener technic assist phare taci perform satisfactorili fact action success inevit context wide rang aid programm beneficiari ask introduc difficult reform commiss care program ensur measur ambiti realist earli part period cover report govern polici earli stage develop subject unpredict signific sudden chang nonetheless commiss ignor provid reform govern set place conduc polici environ demonstr concret result quickli vital fragil sector accept hindsight programm ambiti commiss contend cautiou approach result miss opportun inevit case instrument render applic initi condit subsequ chang commiss object adjust instrument appropri problem appar consult tor includ achiev object simpli list activ commiss seek ensur consult provid clear output report servic render substanti document payment invoic withheld consult fulfil contractu oblig commiss seek improv qualiti tor perform consult inform consult phare taci unit qualiti consult review tor produc extern consult task manag issu greater knowledg local circumst commiss central deleg servic consult difficult hold consult respons final result project case role provis technic assist advic final decis advic act intend result ultim achiev li beneficiari choos act advic receiv consult contact consult carri inform basi includ phare offic attend taci tender evalu taci contract vice versa evalu report circul phare taci team contribut cross fertilis idea recognit matter common concern unit specif dedic task monitor evalu establish product evalu report sector sme privatis restructur provid answer sector issu commiss process deconcentr procedur function devolv deleg partner state fund authoris stap facil recruit deleg long term technic assist directli link programm implement short term technic assist provid framework contract enabl deleg recruit independ expert task attend tender evalu prepar term refer monitor assess commiss monitor evalu activ includ examin consult deliver beneficiari organis adequaci evalu subsequ gaug impact action enabl success intervent determin measur improv futur perform commiss take step improv coher monitor phare monitor assess programm undertaken independ contractor consortium eu cec compani compris long term expert short term technic support monitor assess unit establish standard templat assess improv regular homogen practic report system follow recommend report ensur forgotten evalu unit set januari complet shortli complet phare taci sector evalu instrument evalu countri evalu evalu launch end year complet coverag phare taci programm evalu sector countri basi inevit take time complet result complet evalu preliminari result ongo provid parliament member state commiss servic court auditor methodolog monitor assess programm place homogen approach ensur standard templat report follow format templat focus assess achiev object provis concret practic recommend manag design futur programm recommend systemat respons implement programm report wide circul lesson learn programm appli similar programm commiss share opinion court local constraint local econom context fulli account recognis factor gener climat beneficiari countri import constraint implement measur programm implement systemat affect advers manner due initi misread local condit programm develop context polit environ time subsequ polit landscap apt affect programm effect aid commiss take note court recognis financ action undertaken behalf sme contribut achiev main object phare taci programm bring transit market economi commiss consid commend achiev complet absenc cultur countri phare taci programm conceiv short period programm run commiss sought progress decreas phare taci support run cost sourc provid correspondingli increas proport fund approach recognis role author partner state plai help secur long term sustain develop agenc experi eu economi live sme sector prove train support structur sme subsist public fund commiss direct influenc level support local feder govern choos provid organis sme develop region develop link increasingli treat ensur greater clariti support provid sme addit deleg project manag coordin unit locat partner state increasingli ensur coordin spot evalu unit attempt evalu impact project undertak expost evalu evalu impact project develop begin phare taci programm observ lack financi resourc meet partner state appli eu intern aid programm avail financi resourc grant basi criteria absorpt capac previou perform compet demand prioriti phare taci fund meet fund requir commiss sought focu phare taci fund action impact effect deploi catalyt effect partner state effort stimul develop privat sector comment addit commiss continu coordin fund activ donor ebrd world bank eib maximis impact limit resourc special technic assist facil phare taci provid ebrd purpos prepar invest project view work effici evalu launch evalu report end addit facil close cooper ebrd take place field brussel london