commiss decis octob proceed pursuant articl ec treati case iv nederlands feder verenig voor de groothandel op elektrotechnisch gebi technisch uni feg tu notifi document number dutch text authent ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard council regul februari regul implement articl treati amend regul ec articl thereof regard complaint lodg march citi electr factor hold limit dutch subsidiari citi electr factor bv undertak concern opportun heard matter commiss object accord articl regul read conjunct commiss regul eec juli hear provid articl regul consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit fact complaint march citi electr factor cef uk unit kingdom wholesal distributor electrotechn fit dutch subsidiari citi electr factor bv cef lodg complaint commiss articl articl treati complaint direct dutch associ electrotechn fit sector nederlands federatiev verenig voor de groothandel op elektrotechnisch gebi feg nederlands verenig van alleen vertegenwoordig op elektrotechnisch gebi naveg uni van elektrotechnisch ondernem uneto member associ complain associ member conclud reciproc collect exclus deal agreement level distribut chain electrotechn fit netherland complain alleg join feg virtual imposs wholesal distributor electrotechn fit enter dutch market manufactur agent import suppli feg member fit contractor purchas feg member complaint concern distribut chain focus primarili dutch wholesal market feg alleg plai crucial role agreement letter date octob cef extend complaint cover alleg agreement feg member regard price discount alleg agreement cef exclud take part project januari cef complain vertic price fix agreement manufactur electrotechn fit feg wholesal parti feg feg establish associ incorpor dutch law object articl associ protect common interest stockkeep wholesal electrotechn product promot quot orderli market relat broadest sens term quot conclud cooper agreement bodi organis involv wholesal distribut electrotechn product stockkeep wholesal electrotechn product show year prior applic annual turnov electrotechn fit nlg million eur million admit membership june turnov achiev netherland account member feg joint turnov nlg billion eur billion eur billion deriv electrotechn fit eur billion electrotechn consum product audio video equip period relev data gt tabl gt feg set product committe electrotechn fit wire amp cabl light technic fit mid quot switch beauti quot plastic tube distribut box committe committe dissolv product committe pursuant articl articl associ chair feg board member discuss regularli place manufactur supplier electrotechn fit product committe date time quot market regul agreement quot made introduct manual issu product committe state quot order obtain accur pictur take place market crucial import appris turnov margin knowledg impractic influenc market quot technisch uni technisch uni tu largest wholesal distributor electrotechn fit netherland time largest feg member tu nation network sale offic turnov nlg million nlg million eur million complain cef uk establish unit kingdom wholesal electrotechn fit branch subsidiari commun unit kingdom ireland franc germani itali unit state america cef uk total turnov gbp million eur million statement largest electrotechn fit wholesal unit kingdom cef uk decid enter dutch market establish subsidiari cef rotterdam cef announc intent open branch make largest wholesal electrotechn fit netherland state meantim cef branch netherland market relev product market complaint relat electrotechn fit cover group product industri util housebuild subdivid product group fit wire cabl pvc tube cabl support system technic materi plc switch relai solenoid switch protect circuit switch light light sourc bracket emerg light equip safeti system telephoni wholesal stick uniform classif electrotechn fit mean practic classif sight market definit present case applic narrow market definit mean larg number product market differenti electrotechn fit custom angl electrotechn fit fulfil specif function satisfi specif demand interchang slightli electrotechn fit broader market definit assum limit number product market distinguish differenti group electrotechn fit fit technic equip light recit custom angl product fall product market substitut slight extent suppli side possibl substitut manufactur manufactur manufactur larg proport product fall product group light product group instanc case philip broadest market distinguish concern market wholesal level market competit take place individu wholesal sell wide rang product cover concept electrotechn fit fact necessarili substitut custom angl suppli side good argument conclud product part singl market order arriv conclus regard specif function wholes fulfil larg number custom fitter electrotechn retail trade function consist inter alia stock wide rang electrotechn fit carri project fitter larg quantiti product reason prefer bui product wholesal supplier concentr product product group simplifi purchas polici suitabl logist financi viewpoint competit take place individu wholesal wholesal experi competit direct supplier limit scope light inter alia commiss establish practic definit relev product market whichev market definit chosen limit influenc case feg member strong strong posit market relev geograph market present case relev geograph market nation region charact consequ specif charact wholesal market featur wholesal market custom requir rapid deliveri hour supplier servic rule supplier member state concern relev region sale organis suppli product nation wholesal system descript geograph market nation region due part fact european harmonis rule inter alia low voltag direct eec led standardis electrotechn fit number product scope direct exclud case standardis led uniform product nation geograph market custom choos product carri recognis nation qualiti mark similar product carri foreign qualiti mark distribut channel manufactur agent import feg electrotechn fit dutch market foreign origin germani belgium tu estim percentag fit distribut dutch market agent import subsidiari agent import larg extent amalgam naveg associ incorpor dutch law establish naveg object articl associ protect interest agent import sole repres electrotechn fit sector inter alia hold meet discuss common interest cooper associ pursu similar object interest horizont vertic naveg member repres foreign manufactur electrotechn fit dutch market part exclus basi product concern higher qualiti reput produc naveg member total turnov nlg million eur million gener assum product group market domin limit number manufactur main supplier set annex total annual turnov dutch suppli market electrotechn fit estim nlg billion eur billion period fit larg fit contractor purchas group suppli direct manufactur agent import involv wholesal rest half feg estim distribut wholesal naveg member gener prefer suppli product wholesal trade feg estim share total suppli market market share work assum relev market consist market electrotechn fit wholesal level case suppli supplier agent import disregard wholesal recit total turnov dutch wholesal market electrotechn fit put nlg billion eur billion major part account member feg total market share amount direct suppli supplier manufactur includ market share market share largest feg member tu bernard conelgro brinkman amp germeraad wolff amount top feg member account wholesal market feg member tu largest market share mention recit wholes fulfil function total suppli product put broad repres rang thousand product origin supplier stock deliv custom hour function perform wholes concern provis technic inform make technic calcul suppli financ compos rang wholesal gener offer larg select product pai attent proper composit event rang includ switch socket outlet product essenti electr instal similarli import product electr cabl pvc tube trunk light protect circuit switch product part virtual electr instal averag rang wholesal electrotechn fit made light cabl fit switch distribut box industri switch equip trunk support system fit miscellan distribut wholesal trade concern manufactur claim appli specif select exclus distribut polici manufactur oper network quot preferenti distributor quot exampl includ draka kabel largest manufactur wire cabl product netherland conclud special discount compens agreement number wholesal quot draka partner quot wholesal feg member van geel system lead manufactur thing cabl support system netherland distribut product quot exclus basi quot select quot van geel wholesal quot feg member custom agreement conclud van geel undertak suppli product sole van geel wholesal articl extens distribut network take place matter discuss articl gira german supplier electrotechn switch distribut product dutch market exclus largest feg member tu gira suppli product direct fit contractor merlin gerin manufactur switch product distribut quot offici merlin gerin distributor quot feg member wholesal merlin gerin main distributor tu conclud agreement wholesal network number direct custom extend agreement tu peha german manufactur switch distribut product netherland agent hoft wholesal affili feg fit contractor wholesal trade outlet kind consist princip fit contractor lesser extent retail trade dii store builder merchant cash carri store industri firm carri instal semi govern agenc hospit feg member cover special rule effect novemb principl suppli end user purchas group result quot bind decis feg suppli individu purchas group quot withdrawn aforement date direct sale suppli wholesal trade individu purchas group regard inappropri exercis wholesal function conflict pursuit good market relat prohibit explan purpos arrang ensur feg member sound gross profit margin fit contractor oper dutch electrotechn fit market member uneto associ set dutch law object promot interest electrotechn fit contractor retail sell electrotechn consum product fit contractor small firm medium size firm larg firm main sale market fitter industri util housebuild total turnov dutch fit market nlg billion eur billion proceed septemb director gener competit wrote feg make object pressur brought bear supplier suppli cef concert practic price discount turnov criterion appli admiss feg membership request inform pursuant articl regul feg naveg uneto member manufactur inspect carri decemb associ firm suspect involv agreement juli commiss issu object address feg member bernard brinkman amp germeraad conelgro schiefelbusch schotman tu wolff hear held novemb investig written answer statement object oral explan hear clear regard feg member receiv statement object individu particip establish requir degre certainti individu particip establish limit natur reason decid continu proceed feg tu proceed initi case note investig cef commiss tape record transcript telephon convers compani tape record transcript made secretli agreement firm concern commiss acknowledg return tape record transcript immedi cef reason time commiss wish emphasis tape record transcript plai part proceed case influenc content decis relat feg membership suppli moment cef enter dutch wholesal market experienc difficulti obtain electrotechn fit dutch market cef member feg supplier electrotechn fit belong naveg agent import larg foreign manufactur number supplier naveg member larg dutch manufactur suppli wholesal feg member wholesal feg member purchas electrotechn fit direct abroad inter alia reason recit simpl altern addit cef foreign supplier hesit jeopardis good relat feg netherland suppli product abroad intend dutch market lastli transport cost make direct purchas product abroad unattract event novemb possibl cef feg member obtain product indirectli netherland wholesal small reason found recommend feg member form bulk wholesal market interpret ban suppli individu recit includ case quot colleagu feg member quot object feg member suppli feg member point case feg member contrari recommend issu feg prepar suppli condit attract extra link chain requir situat explain cef appli membership feg refus membership fulfil admiss criteria annual turnov dutch market electrotechn fit nlg million eur million year prior applic cef uk turnov eur million account parti point firm enter geograph market start problem supplier hesit reluct begin relat newcom market implaus point extra obstacl creat feg make access dutch wholesal market difficult fact cef meantim open branch dutch market alter fact agenc feg market penetr newcom cef retard discourag directli reflect financi result compani concern respect point cef hear entri dutch market compani result disappoint subsequ year commiss carri inspect end situat dutch wholesal market electrotechn fit cef normal supplier increas extent suppli feg member effect cef turnov trend percept feg naveg background document commiss possess show refus suppli feg member unilater charact result collect exclus deal arrang base gentlemen agreement feg naveg concert practic individu supplier hand feg member featur exclus deal arrang particip naveg member supplier exclus authoris suppli wholesal feg member reason collect exclus deal arrang base gentleman agreement formal written agreement histor found competit law close link exist long time feg naveg associ parti collect exclus deal arrang base formal written agreement addit associ dutch wholesal associ bogeta parti agreement agreement quot agenten grossier contract quot agc contain claus interest investig articl agc provid reciproc collect exclus deal arrang naveg member exclus allow suppli wholesal member feg bogeta feg bogeta member turn oblig purchas contract product exclus naveg member articl extend effect collect exclus deal arrang articl parti mention undertook extend collect exclus deal arrang provid articl manufactur agent naveg member feg member deni past collect exclus deal arrang base formal agreement feg strateg plan implicit refer arrang quot feg member suppli watchword quot arrang restrict competit dutch minist econom affair decemb declar agc bind conflict public interest declar result collect exclus deal arrang termin practic declar board feg naveg bogeta agre discuss situat state minut bogeta meet januari parti declar continu foot obviou reason collect exclus deal arrang longer base formal agreement gentleman agreement quot expect happen clear talk minist zijlstra agc sooner inop board feg naveg bogeta agre determin action agc declar inop chang agc gentleman agreement manufactur agent recognis wholesal agenten grossier contract agenten grossier contact gener agre state affair good work satisfactorili quot feg naveg fact explain commiss period part investig relat show formal written agreement found evid exist gentleman agreement content collect exclus deal arrang chang year agc mutual arrang longer case present collect exclus deal arrang feg member principl free purchas product firm parti arrang evid exist gentleman agreement consist document discuss connect document indic report gener assembl naveg member held april refer made meet feg board time consist repres brinkman amp germeraad tu waagmeest bliek schiefelbusch schuurman wolff naveg board feg ask naveg advis member stop suppli event withdraw feg found oblig naveg member suppli feg member quot suppli base gentleman agreement understood suppli feg member hindranc quot naveg report meet feg board time consist repres brinkman amp germeraad tu waagmeest bliek schiefelbusch schuurman wolff naveg februari respons question put feg board member repres feg member schuurman quot naveg exist feg wholesal termin membership quot naveg answer quot recommend suppli quot feg report meet state report naveg gener assembl april refer agreement feg board naveg board march quot agreement associ suppli firm nedeximpo dego van de meerakk hagro undesir quot firm feg member time feg naveg unequ strength member market share turnov electrotechn fit eur billion feg practic stronger parti naveg member prefer suppli wholesal larg depend feg turnov supplier repres naveg member strong market posit market domin limit number firm result econom power counterbal feg member collect fact explain readi naveg member cooper gentleman agreement time econom import confirm exampl letter naveg member hoft august paul hochköpper amp manufactur peha switch refer request inform commiss hoft juli quot naveg difficult posit offici connect feg notion posit brussel document state feg member account market imposs naveg agent account feg wish virtual entir turnov problem respect refer feg quot tu argu link feg naveg quot passag letter quot judg present happen uneto ceas suspect investig legal aspect link feg naveg god link sort feg ultim feg possibl find difficult posit doesn concern quot passag interpret differ confirm fact collect exclus deal longer base formal written agreement quot associ idea quot report naveg gener assembl quot turnov member agent gener feg member import proper cooper great quot collect exclus deal arrang function import parti hold discuss time time exchang inform document commiss found inspect show discuss feg naveg place discuss feg reveal name wholesal longer feg member case feg explicitli urg naveg inform naveg member feg membership file naveg inquir feg membership wholesal inform made naveg order fulfil oblig gentleman agreement addit naveg made suggest feg admiss feg member reason clear wholesal member feg greater sale possibl naveg member gentleman agreement tu argu signific attach abovement exchang membership data inform organis trade fair set sector order inform system inform purpos plausibl exchang view prevent suppli feg member accord gentleman agreement exampl illustr letter form naveg secretari feg septemb inquir cef applic feg membership naveg point quot foreign factori repres member suppli organis countri netherland long citi admit feg board recommend member suppli compani quot commerci risk attach recommend clear passag quot past member act vi vi nedeximpo accord similar recommend nedeximpo member feg face fact longer accept supplier quot report discuss feg naveg februari agre naveg give feg address wholesal naveg think feg member naveg member appli quot recommend quot issu associ practic instanc hateha naveg member repres larg manufactur mennek jung dutch market inform cef explicitli suppli wholesal feg member suppli cef refus observ parti hateha feg membership criterion establish solvenc firm concern convinc accur method ascertain financi health firm feg membership provid absolut guarante respect lastli manag director hateha time secretari naveg naveg establish address hateha hateha inform feg member frigé suppli member feg naveg member hemmink repres inter alia wiska pflitsch refus discuss feg feg member schiefelbusch naveg member suppli feg member van de meerakk direct manag director hemmink time secretari naveg naveg establish address hemmink argument put forward parti simpl unilater act hemmink relat gentleman agreement feg naveg take account context occur manag director hemmink secretari naveg indubit awar naveg recommend member suppli feg member abovement behaviour inquir wholesal feg member decid suppli fit polici naveg member suppos word reveal potenti custom reason refus suppli passag abovement letter naveg member hoft paul hochköpper amp illustr respect regard complaint lodg cef commiss hoft observ quot document includ naveg agent act think state firm suppli member feg quot feg supplier document commiss possess feg sought extend gentleman agreement supplier repres naveg agent import conduct consist articl bind quot agc quot recit hard supplier repres naveg involv collect exclus deal arrang primarili inform natur cooper draft letter cite recit plain feg member convinc supplier document commiss obtain inspect clear supplier concern import product segment draka polva holec hager klöckner moeller abb exampl indic context report intern tu meet septemb draka polva want suppli product cef price report feg agre quot feg react propos run counter agreement member feg quot feg member tu complain draka polva suppli cef letter juli state quot regard decis threat stockkeep wholesal trade regard involv undesir quot intervent feg tu appar success report tu meet octob state quot talk draka polva mr van der meijden withdrew announc intent suppli cef quot obviou tu polici cef plain simpl term report intern tu meet decemb quot conclud effort made prevent tu manufactur suppli cef quot feg intent extend exclus deal arrang supplier repres naveg limit sole electrotechn product includ consum electron feg board member repres bliek made urgent appeal philip wholesal committe abid quot agreement enter quot illustr quot recent member feg board main purpos promot interest equip wholesal leav lurch philip wholesal remain member feg quot quot philip wholesal member umbrella organis feg number philip wholesal feg member account bulk wholesal market jointli decis give supplier food thought quot feg member approach supplier connect suppli member number supplier approach hager manufactur distribut box state repli request commiss inform quot hager nederland busi approach time year critic distribut polici virtual feg member critic stanc vi vi member quot critic stanc result fact hager suppli member attempt feg member extend exist exclus deal arrang particip passag hager answer confirm quot hager set cef hot item market virtual feg member expect hager critic stanc suppli cef quot parti point feg member threaten hager repris detract fact pressur exert hager refrain suppli cef particip exclus deal arrang feg member tu activ approach individu supplier exampl exist addit incid relat draka polva recit tu holec main manufactur distribut box netherland held talk juli parti appar agre report talk feg wholesal elig suppli tu claim remark sole attribut holec case report suggest decis suppli member outcom negoti holec tu addit unclear interest holec take decis unilater abb manufactur technic equip pressur tu stop suppli cef tu report suggest abb defend tu state suppli quot lot dead transact cef quot mitig circumst abb point difficult posit found view relationship cef parent compani unit kingdom ultim econom import good relat tu won dai evidenc state tu report quot abb approach cef suppli fit contractor price quot show abb consid complet halt suppli cef request tu riski solut sought abb continu show readi suppli cef product offer quot dead transact quot term suppli make transact extrem unattract cef argument put forward parti tu approach abb result fact make effort cef obtain discount abb convinc differ effort made demonstr tu request suppli cef halt case disproportion reaction lead inequ klöckner moeller situat klöckner moeller km lead manufactur protect circuit switch netherland deserv dealt separ emerg km consider pressur number feg member reason discoveri member purchas group cegro made feg member brinkman amp germeraad conelgro elgro oscar keip rolff schiefelbusch cef km product packag letter june km ask explan km repli letter juli suppli cef branch netherland cef netherland obtain km product cef branch unit kingdom germani franc import km custom evid reassur cegro letter date feg member bernard suggest quot send joint letter manag km quot draft drawn tu feg member inform attach letter bring point fore fact km larg supplier suppli member major larg supplier appar refus suppli member accord gentleman agreement fact suppli price cutter cef place profit feg member pressur threat common interest point directli link feg price agreement discuss recit design creat stabl price level quot sound quot margin feg member passag letter illustr point quot concern learn decis enter busi relat netherland firm cef concern stem hand fact larg supplier electrotechn sector distribut feg member awar cef appli market formula netherland unit kingdom germani essenc formula offer competit price condit enter direct relationship cef product fall discount formula appli inevit consequ price margin increas pressur quot letter end attempt put stop suppli cef order give forc argument repris threaten quot clear regard busi relationship part cef threat exist group klöckner moeller wholesal feg wholesal trade gener urg strongli reconsid decis mean suppli warehous cef carri order behalf feel continu relationship term individu klöckner moeller wholesal posit km packag rang consid extent rang continu activ commerci consider quot interpret draft letter parti reaction km wholesal fact cef obtain discount km entitl km discount rule forc claim km wholesal discrimin explan letter argument unaccept point rais letter real reason letter achiev km appli discount rule correctli stop suppli altogeth draft feg member interest discount rule correctli appli letter state suppli cef quot term quot reason stop bui km product amend version letter date reveal letter sign wholesal member feg evid decid legal advic send letter visit deleg feg wholesal km place june deleg made feg member tu bernard kasdorp imagro purchas group made feg member bolderhei alauma electro metaal ehrbeck de kone elektrotechniek polimex vibo electro waagmeest size composit deleg tu bernard largest member feg repres waagmeest feg board tu repres time feg chairman fact draft letter suppli cef threaten feg wholesal gener confirm conclus visit attribut feg member concern feg cef visit feg repres present petit accompani threat km product longer bought km continu suppli cef parti deni exist petit visit place visit appar success answer klöckner moeller septemb request inform present april state wholesal suppli klöckner moeller member feg feg largest member tu central player feg plai kei role refus suppli member combin strict admiss polici exclus deal arrang design depriv member suppli sourc feg undermin posit member maintain strengthen domin posit wholesal market basi exclus deal arrang feg maintain contact naveg ensur inform arrang function exchang organis doubt purpos feg effort report region feg meet held august quot competitor prevent leg decid cooper quot strike individu feg wholesal regard competitor impress confirm fact recit suppli feg member permit suppli member wholesal advis alongsid feg tu largest lead member plai role exclus deal arrang import examin individu surpris feg tu interest run parallel period tu continu repres feg board provid chairman addit tu strongli repres feg product committe result particip year feg board product committe tu consider influenc feg polici connect refer made fact tu repres feg board involv talk feg naveg detail exclus deal arrang tu exert pressur supplier attempt persuad suppli member virtu size market share indic tu activ role draft letter km particip feg deleg visit km price agreement feg member clear feg member sought mean influenc price polici feg member specif feg decis price guidelin distribut feg consult price discount feg member bind feg decis pursuant articl articl associ feg issu number bind decis price charg member feg member requir sign decis join feg infring decis pursuant articl articl associ result suspens expuls membership bind decis fix price bind decis fix price novemb feg member requir pass custom price increas implement supplier order quantiti product end system develop laid decis decis read quot price adjust effect materi order suppli month price adjust suppli price effect date order month period refer articl expir price adjust materi order suppli subsequ half year pass maximum amount determin crisi situat maximum amount refer articl determin half year feg consult uneto basi price adjust past year broken switch distribut devic light cabl small switchgear equip derog articl fix price month wire cabl usual increas decreas claus fitter entitl risk arrang pass price adjust exce maximum amount refer articl wholesal pass price adjust maximum amount permit fitter quot decis intend arrang spread risk price rise aris long term construct project wholesal fitter decis suggest bind fine nlg eur event infring year decis repeal gener assembl member novemb bind decis public bind decis public august feg prohibit member sell electrotechn fit special reduc loss leader price feg confirm gener term reluct price competit decis read quot member feg great import stockkeep wholesal trade electrotechn product correctli perform function societi inter alia proper market conduct promot interest custom declar undesir creat encourag permit sharp drop price market disloc loss profit unbridl internecin competit distribut fit contractor public articl rang electrotechn instal document loss leader special reduc price undesir decid pursuant articl feg articl associ public permit task monitor complianc decis confer secretari inform detail interpret address write member behalf board deem form integr part decis quot feg secretari respons monitor complianc decis infring decis practic appar monitor feg member report feg secretari call account member commit infring illustr provid wolff reaction april feg reprimand applic special reduc price effect quot public price occur quot bind decis public final repeal year feg gener assembl novemb discuss feg member price discount discuss regularli place feg member price discount appli region feg meet meet feg product committe member feg wire cabl product committe doubt committe purpos report meet chairman aim quot endeavour market calm maintain price order achiev object exchang thought regularli quot consensu feg member relat sole level price discount feg member grant custom parti claim consensu fact imposs refer respect report meet feg wire cabl product committe decemb chairman comment market complic good rule establish discount shortli remark report state quot discuss decid meet member product committe bring list price charg month preced meet price paid custom basi price examin point establish rule discount quot evid case report region feg meet februari state quot wire cabl committe work establish rule discount quot parti claim consensu agreement part feg member action area discount convinc attempt made feg meet influenc price discount polici feg member mean report region meet februari chairman report call feg member restrain grant discount good custom fellow wholesal refer made report agreement reach previou meet feg wholesal inform found wholesal grant larger discount transact discount agreement reach connect feg report feg board meet consist repres brinkman amp germeraad vibo tu waagmeest heco fran hamer bernard schuurman alcoo held novemb state quot octob letter member uniform condit appli fit suppli wholesal bvo school member ask prepar give standard discount fit exclud plc quot agreement discount compli feg interven report region feg meet held attend repres bernard claessen hategro helm kasdorp de kone polimex schiefelbusch schotman electro schuurman slabber tu vibo electro wolff wholesal give discount final consum quot meet denounc secretari contact relev wholesal quot parti claim feg want act suppli question privat individu quotat suggest suppli discuss discount send price recommend feg member alongsid discuss feg meet method influenc price charg feg member regard price electrotechn fit junction central built box feg largest member tu lead feg regularli send list recent gross net price product calcul tu pvc tube feg send member price list indic gross price time price rise fall list percentag recommend member increas reduc net price refer made letter feg member decemb quot manufactur recent inform need increas price pvc smooth tube hostalit tube flexibl tube effect januari come year connect price increas recommend adjust price amend net price charg net term call purchas clincher offer recommend increas amount quot context gross price understood recommend price final consum manufactur consid charg fitter custom final user price negoti manufactur wholesal calcul wholesal purchas price wholesal purchas price reach reduc gross price percentag gross price determin price charg wholesal custom fitter wholesal sell price reach reduc gross price percentag smaller case wholesal purchas price final fitter gross price determin price charg client actual net price determin stage vertic chain reduc gross price percentag discount appli level parti maintain price recommend price point refer recommend statut absent correspond concern event case clear quot recommend quot price option shortli abovement letter decemb statement appear report region feg meet march quot price increas plastic tube decemb caus disquiet market meet view stuck recommend price lead improv profit quot ident price list larger feg member tu bernard wolff produc price catalogu custom basi inform obtain supplier catalogu gross price standard discount cef smaller wholesal afford produc price catalogu frequent make catalogu comparison tu bernard wolff catalogu show similar gross price discount ident larg number product catalogu publish month price adjust introduc virtual time tu acknowledg feg member wolff bernard tu publish ident price catalogu time parti surpris catalogu net price gross price intend refer price dictat supplier assert complet price catalogu ident gross price ident discount deni tu claim standard discount catalogu fall back eventu individu discount agreement exist wholesal custom appli tu claim start commerci relationship case small purchas point agre special term push cost transact case discount appli agre tu individu custom determin applic discount account inter alia quantiti product purchas transact total quantiti purchas year awar feg event member awar price agreement infring competit law notic entitl quot law econom competit quot august feg secretari feg board member consist repres tu bernard brinkman amp germeraad vibo waagmeest heco fran hamer schuurman alcoo descript cartel rule netherland base articl articl treati state quot feg concern mean view establish recommend price junction switch built box prohibit possibl bind decis fix price bind decis public rule cost cut quot role feg largest member tu clear feg plai central role price agreement basi bind decis fix price bind decis public issu price guidelin sought hamper free format price feg made price discount agreement conclud member serv forum purpos alongsid feg tu largest import member plai promin role price agreement year tu repres feg board knew activ particip abovement feg polici suppli feg price inform basi feg inform member gross net price product specif meant tu behalf sector convert inform suppli manufactur amend net price uniform gross price pass inform feg tu time comput capac perform calcul ii legal assess articl agreement undertak decis associ undertak feg associ dutch law member undertak deal wholesal trade electrotechn fit articl articl associ feg associ undertak mean articl member undertak mean articl feg articl associ feg basic rule oper govern legal relationship feg member agreement mean articl feg law feg bind decis adopt accord articl articl associ decis associ undertak mean articl articl feg articl associ member compli provis articl associ law decis board director assembl conduct breach rule lead inter alia imposit fine expuls articl articl associ naveg associ dutch law member undertak oper agent import sole distributor deal electrotechn fit articl articl associ naveg associ undertak mean articl member undertak mean articl naveg articl associ basic rule oper govern legal relationship naveg member agreement mean articl naveg decis regul adopt accord articl articl articl associ decis associ undertak mean articl articl naveg articl associ member serv interest associ conduct accord associ articl regul decis conduct breach rule lead inter alia expuls articl articl associ instruct naveg issu member refrain make suppli member feg decis mean articl naveg member principl free compli instruct fact recit suggest rare occur practic partli explain control exercis naveg member addit naveg member commerci interest compli instruct receiv depend turnov feg member final diverg conduct deter knowledg easili discov feg member case naveg member lai open possibl penalti collect exclus deal arrang consist part gentleman agreement feg naveg suppli member feg consid constitut agreement mean articl agreement individu supplier electrotechn fit feg individu member suppli member feg regard concert practic mean articl discuss feg member member price discount send price recommend feg member regard concert practic mean articl restrict competit collect exclus deal fact recit clear period april februari collect exclus deal arrang oper dutch market electrotechn fit consist gentleman agreement arrang naveg assur feg advis member suppli wholesal member feg collect exclus deal reciproc member feg oblig bui naveg member feg member tu sought broaden applic collect exclus deal arrang august septemb rate individu supplier repres naveg agent import sole distributor put pressur suppli member feg appar fact set recit feg member succeed attempt substanti number supplier act accord collect exclus deal arrang collect exclus deal arrang recit object effect restrict competit common market mean articl arrang restrict freedom supplier determin wholesal suppli result supplier wholesal belong feg disadvantag limit number supplier supplier repres member feg address naveg member estim share market suppli wholesal trade joint market share individu supplier part collect exclus deal arrang difficult estim tabl annex supplier feg member tu put pressur suppli feg member major supplier product group refer draka polva hager holec klöckner moeller abb recit letter draft tu klöckner moeller indic point klöckner moeller larg supplier electrotechn good suppli member feg suggest substanti number supplier involv collect exclus deal arrang refus suppli make difficult wholesal member feg assembl rang suffici broad includ product essenti wholesal electrotechn fit product need order put electr system market individu categori electrotechn fit domin limit number manufactur clear refus suppli immedi lead stock difficulti member feg feg strict admiss polici make access market difficult newcom feg opinion admiss criteria set object charact turnov criterion appli nlg million eur million dutch market extrem low evid feg member time meet turnov requir feg turnov criterion ensur firm quot prove quot market precis result collect exclus deal arrang extrem difficult newcom quot prove quot market achiev turnov entitl feg membership firm acquir reput electrotechn fit wholesal member state fact prove oper june turnov gener dutch market account made consider difficult exist foreign wholesal extend field oper dutch wholesal market turnov requir criterion appli feg turn applic membership practic quot interest associ quot criterion cite ground refus stipul quot object fair discriminatori norm quot appli respect criterion offer feg board pursuant articl articl associ decid unanim admiss member wide discretionari power verifi member practic refus admiss object ground practic applic membership submit feg member block membership unwelcom competitor effect collect exclus deal arrang strengthen view total turnov electrotechn fit wholesal level netherland eur billion market share held feg member estim market share supplier agent sole dealer take part collect exclus deal arrang restrict competit appreci horizont price agreement collect exclus deal arrang supplement practic concert feg member feg member feg decis affect price discount offer feg member decis concert practic aim establish artifici price stabil serv ensur margin feg member pressur intent feg member clear refer made document intent express articl associ feg state object feg protect common interest stockkeep wholesal electrotechn product thing promot quot orderli market relat broadest sens term quot manual feg issu feg product committe manual state quot order obtain accur pictur take place market crucial import appris turnov margin knowledg impractic influenc market quot minut meet feg wire cabl product committe quot object product committe endeavour market calm maintain price quot feg bind decis public recit decis state quot undesir promot permit sharp drop price market disloc loss profit unbridl internecin competit quot draft letter draft tu klöckner moeller sign feg member quot enter direct relationship cef product fall discount formula appli inevit consequ price margin increas pressur quot feg member sought achiev object refer recit appli instrument larg time intend fact influenc feg member price strategi restrict price competit instrument bind decis fix price bind decis public discuss feg member price discount send price recommend feg member bind decis fix price forc novemb novemb feg member decid independ extent wish pass custom increas supplier price place date order margin price increas case time increas carri determin feg failur compli decis lead expuls associ imposit fine decis associ undertak respect price charg decis restrict competit mean articl natur parti contend decis intend prevent increas supplier price fitter order good wholesal account risk wholesal trade clear order decis adopt requir feg member react decis event depriv individu feg member possibl refrain pass price increas order secur competit advantag competitor basi decis bind decis public forc august novemb feg forbad member offer loss leader special reduc price advertis failur compli decis lead expuls decis associ undertak respect price appli natur decis restrict competit mean articl depriv feg member possibl win custom competitor attract price gener decis form part feg polici aim reduc danger feg member find price war put pressur level price wholesal margin recit decis fact appli practic explain recit discuss regularli place feg member price discount appli regular feg meet feg product committe meet region feg meet event discuss place period decemb novemb meet provid forum feg member discuss wide rang subject relat price discount point discuss set rate discount recit complianc feg price guidelin recit complaint member appli agreement respect price discount recit step introduc uniform rule discount allow recit discuss event effect clear feg member avoid intens price competit view neg impact level price wholesal margin discuss help influenc price electrotechn fit dutch wholesal market restrict competit mean articl decemb april feg member price list show net gross price product refer recit parti contend advisori recit pressur brought bear feg member compli guidelin cast doubt voluntari charact send price list feg sought ensur feg member react uniform fashion increas reduct supplier price reduc danger price increas reduct seiz individu feg member order secur competit advantag feg member refrain pass increas reduct custom pass part conduct sort disturb calm feg want market stir price competit feg member joint applic instrument effect practic limit price competit feg member provid price catalogu issu larger feg wholesal catalogu similar case gross price discount shown price catalogu feg member tu bernard wolff ident catalogu publish month price made virtual time parti view import attach similar price catalogu case discount appli standard price catalogu conced case transact practic higher discount custom bui larger quantiti long stand relationship custom mean situat distinguish case gross price standard discount shown price catalogu appli stood case similar price catalogu lack price competit issuer catalogu case standard discount depart standard discount oper minimum discount event competit issuer catalogu respect size minimum discount practic smaller wholesal resourc draw catalogu catalogu issu tu bernard wolff guidelin price observ made lack price competit appli wholesal gener relev lack price competit feg member appar price level dutch wholesal market varieti evid level price electrotechn fit higher netherland member state tu report quot market research electrotechn fit quot date observ parallel import belgium germani increas comment price comparison carri feg light product committe quot dutch price lowest europ quot illustr provid brochur issu hokamo import bv link price level fact dutch market quot protect market quot quot hokamo import bv plai pioneer role respect price electr cabl netherland suppli tradit ymvk ymvk cabl dare introduc nyi nycwi german qualiti cabl cheaper protect market european level mean dutch fitter compet term price qualiti quot practic recit enabl feg member line feg effort recit concert price member stabilis increas market price product price electrotechn fit dutch wholesal market held artifici level commiss establish practic case law court justic court instanc agreement concert practic respect price discount appli restrict competit mean articl natur view total turnov electrotechn fit netherland eur eur billion period market share held feg member restrict competit appreci relationship collect exclus deal arrang horizont price agreement direct relat collect exclus deal arrang price agreement feg explain recit price agreement aim establish artifici stabl price level quot healthi margin quot wholesal trade succe wholesal observ measur price disciplin feg brought form pressur bear member avoid intens price competit meant intens price competit fear wholesal feg collect exclus deal arrang prevent deliveri potenti quot price cutter quot reduc danger artifici price level pressur collect exclus deal arrang help underpin price agreement effect trade member state explain recit larg proport electrotechn fit sold dutch market import member state primarili belgium germani naveg member repres foreign manufactur dutch market clear electrotechn fit natur lend intern trade europ wide harmonis place recit collect exclus deal arrang collect exclus deal arrang restrict access foreign wholesal electrotechn fit cef dutch wholesal market restrict possibl open manufactur member state combin market share feg member collect exclus deal arrang mean outsid difficulti sell good dutch market distribut channel approv feg effect trade member state view total turnov electrotechn fit eur billion feg market share effect appreci horizont price agreement practic affect price influenc trade member state connect refer made fact mention recit consider proport electrotechn fit dutch market import member state view total turnov electrotechn fit trade eur billion feg market share effect appreci articl collect exclus deal arrang collect exclus deal arrang notifi commiss notifi satisfi test articl appli cumul improv product distribut electrotechn fit system collect exclus deal object shield market benefit wholesal concern member wholesal appreci restrict sourc suppli sale distribut channel feg member restrict prevent horizont price agreement price agreement notifi commiss indic collect concert practic decis recit contribut improv area refer articl hand establish serv reduc price competit consider articl regul articl regul state commiss find infring articl decis requir undertak concern bring infring end evid commiss file infring relat period run conclud continu date amend form collect exclus deal arrang complain found supplier increasingli readi suppli feg member conclud arrang ceas exist case price agreement absolut certainti termin withdraw bind feg decis indic true reliabl guid price influenc instrument concern articl regul articl regul commiss decis impos undertak associ undertak fine eur eur sum excess thereof exceed turnov preced busi year undertak particip infring intention neglig infring articl fix amount fine commiss regard relev circumst graviti durat infring intent neglig court justic court instanc consist held undertak awar infring prohibit laid articl infring regard commit intention suffici unawar contest conduct object effect restrict competit common market potenti affect trade member state commiss take view feg tu unawar conduct object restrict competit common market arrang present collect exclus deal arrang design disadvantag competitor parti arrang depriv sourc suppli invari regard suspect point view competit law appli horizont price agreement direct contact competitor question price discount interfer trade associ price polici member regard suspect point view competit law sum object assess fact case lead conclus infring commit intention neglig graviti infring infring case characterist mean collect exclus deal arrang combin restrict admiss polici intent make difficult foreign wholesal enter dutch market electrotechn fit arrang design restrict domest foreign supplier electrotechn fit choic distribut channel lastli attent drawn support role arrang plai horizont price agreement horizont price agreement conclud feg framework intend restrict competit coordin price polici horizont level aim creat maintain stabl price level suffici larg margin wholesal abovement infring place market domin feg member joint market share repercuss collect exclus deal arrang market measur precis infring consider delai cef entri dutch market made appreci difficult indic price level electrotechn product dutch market high point equal imposs determin precis repercuss horizont price agreement gener feg member concern fix uniform price electrotechn product degre price competit exist control limit order jeopardis price stabil wholesal margin geograph extent relev market point limit netherland region circumst commiss conclud agreement concert practic concern proceed constitut infring commun competit rule feg plai lead role organis monitor complianc collect exclus deal arrang price agreement basi determin amount fine impos feg commiss consid fix sum eur million graviti infring tu biggest power member feg view influenc feg specif role infring tu held respons share restrict competit basi determin amount fine impos tu commiss consid fix sum eur million graviti infring durat infring collect exclus deal arrang concern infring commit feg tu establish march last event februari durat price agreement observ made bind feg decis forc period discuss price discount began decemb latest appli novemb send price recommend feg member began rate decemb last april infring last fifteen year purpos commiss polici fine infring case class infring medium long durat sum set graviti infring increas eur million case feg eur million case tu basic amount eur million feg eur million tu aggrav mitig factor set fine commiss account aggrav mitig factor appar commiss investig factor case procedur irregular written answer statement object oral submiss hear case parti point commiss number irregular procedur concern durat proceed presenc commiss file discuss recit tape record transcript telephon convers cef firm durat proceed observ made part establish case law court justic court instanc commiss act reason time adopt decis administr proceed relat competit polici commiss acknowledg durat proceed present case start consider reason attribut commiss parti commiss blame respect acknowledg respons reason commiss reduc amount fine eur million feg eur million tu adopt decis articl feg infring articl treati enter collect exclus deal arrang intend prevent suppli member feg basi agreement naveg practic concert supplier repres naveg articl feg infring articl treati directli indirectli restrict freedom member determin sell price independ mean bind decis fix price bind decis public distribut member price guidelin gross net price provid forum member discuss price discount articl tu infring articl treati take activ part infring refer articl articl feg forthwith bring infring refer articl end tu immedi bring infring refer articl end articl infring refer articl fine eur million impos feg infring refer articl fine eur million impos tu articl fine refer articl paid euro month date notif decis bank account account european commiss bank brussel lambert banqu bruxel lambert europe agentschap agenc européenn schumanplein rond point schuman brussel bruxel expiri period interest automat payabl rate appli european central bank repo oper work dai month decis adopt percentag point articl decis address de nederlands federatiev verenig voor de groothandel op elektrotechnisch gebi feg reitseplein aa tilburg netherland de technisch uni bv bovenkerkerweg xe amstelveen netherland decis enforc pursuant articl ec treati brussel octob commiss mario monti member commiss oj oj oj replac februari commiss regul ec oj articl articl feg articl associ file pp articl feg articl associ conjunct articl feg law feg gener assembl held exist turnov requir nlg million eur million increas nlg million eur million file june gener assembl feg member decid result request inform commiss instalnet bv june case iv turnov achiev rest commun account report gener assembl june file letter feg cef june file feg figur file feg annual report file pp feg memo file pp tu written answer statement object file feg written answer statement object pp file pp feg distinguish product group light cabl fit switch distribut instal industri switch equip trunk support system fit miscellan group feg written answer statement object file state wholesal competit primarili wholesal competitor includ fit contractor trade activ dii store builder merchant manufactur suppli direct articl octob issu quot installati journaal quot file interview secretari feg date februari file commiss decis ec novemb kesko tuko oj direct juli applic council direct eec oj feg answer octob commiss request inform septemb file tu written answer statement object file dutch natur legal person member articl articl naveg articl associ naveg set product group wire amp cabl light switch equip fit product group light product group appar oper moment file naveg answer august commiss request inform file naveg turnov statist file calcul turnov base data naveg member accompani letter case turnov statist member made data probabl actual turnov naveg member consider higher amount feg answer august request inform present june juli file naveg answer august request inform present june juli file report talk feg board naveg februari naveg accept member distribut wholesal file feg written answer statement object file market share attain naveg basi turnov nlg million lower amount footnot figur base incomplet data feg estim market share naveg member unrealist feg answer august commiss request inform june juli file feg quot strateg plan quot februari file bernard quot strateg framework quot report undat file core report quot electrotechn fit quot june file pp articl quot elan quot novemb feg repres wholesal electr fit netherland file pp feg written answer statement object file letter cef legal advis date februari file feg written answer statement object file answer manufactur electrotechn fit commiss request inform present octob file seq april file seq answer draka kabel june commiss request inform present april file letter van geel cef date file march file answer van geel novemb file juli file commiss request inform present octob april letter date septemb merlin gerin tu letter date septemb file decemb file pp tu merlin gerin letter date merlin gerin cef file pp confidenti market plan peha fit march file file rabobank quot figur trend quot report juli annex answer draka polva june commiss request inform present april file draka polva report juli file rabobank report refer footnot file inspect held feg feg member tu bernard naveg naveg member hoft hemmink manufactur draka polva file feg memo feg board meet june file letter feg date august file septemb file file letter cef date april file memorandum ministri econom affair februari quot investig agenten grossier contract electrotechn sector quot file footnot feg written answer statement object file tu written answer file feg answer august request inform issu june juli file feg strateg plan file memorandum refer footnot file file file file file tu written answer statement object file file instanc report meet feg naveg februari file report discuss feg naveg octob file letter feg naveg date novemb file letter naveg member date june file regard cef membership feg instanc letter feg naveg date octob file minut intern tu meet octob file tu written answer statement object file file file pp letter hateha cef date file letter hateha date file march file report intern hemmink meet februari file feg written answer statement object file file file file file file tabl recit feg member realis turnov sale consum electron letter august file file bernard written answer statement object file file tu written answer statement object file report tu meet held march file tu written answer statement object file file file file file pp tu written answer statement object file alcoo bv bernard bv bolderheij bv brinkman amp germeraad bv conelgro bv cammaert bv van egmond bv ehrbeck elauma bv eltema bv electro metaal bv elgro bv den holland bv kasdorp oscar keip bv de kone polimex rolff bv schiefelbusch schotman elektro schuurman bv smelt bv tu vibo waagmeest bv wolff file annex letter feg legal advis date march file answer kasdorp august file bernard august file tu august file commiss statement object juli file file file annex letter feg legal advis date march file annex letter feg legal advis date march file report feg naveg meet februari file report april file report april file report tu meet decemb file march abb file tu report juli holec file tu letter draka polva juli file feg letter smoka decemb file file feg written answer statement object file feg written answer march commiss request inform februari file file quot schotman disgrac leaflet quot cegro consist feg member brinkman amp germeraad elgro keip rolff schiefelbusch wolff inform feg leaflet letter date decemb ask approach relev wholesal matter file feg letter januari file cegro inquir letter februari reaction feg receiv letter schotman januari file cegro touch feg question feg react loss leader reduc price cegro state quot specif discuss board meet bind decis adopt year ago distribut disgrac leaflet answer clear discuss measur prevent public appear remind regard quot februari feg letter remind schotman file file file tu written answer statement object file file file feg disput rule feg written answer statement object file tu written answer statement object file file file file tu written answer statement object file letter feg june file decemb file april file file letter februari feg recommend member amend net price plastic tube price reduct supplier feg member offer net term recommend reduc file letter feg monitor recommend compli refer made connect report region feg meet march chairman ask member compli feg price guidelin found meet practic member compli gross price recommend net price recommend compli case file tu written answer statement object file letter feg member date june file decemb file april file file letter cef legal advis date juli file tu bernard wolff price list juli file pp report hear file tu written answer statement object file tu written answer statement object file footnot file feg written answer statement object file applic juli file judgment court justic european commun case verband der sachversicher commiss ecr paragraph commiss competit report cover pp point competit report cover point commiss decis eec central verwarm oj commiss decis eec centraal bureau voor de rijwielhandel oj recit commiss decis eec vbbb vbvb oj recit recit recit feg answer august commiss request inform present june juli file profit loss account feg member vilter slabber file pp report feg board meet june file illustr discuss membership van de meerakk appar met membership criteria accept member report feg board meet held septemb novemb file pp report feg board meet held june frigé similarli reveal minut feg board meet held june file pp state answer question problem appli membership accept feg chairman answer quot number member displeas quot recit recit recit recit recit judgment court justic case belasco commiss ecr paragraph tu written answer statement object file commiss decis eec hasselblad oj recit judgment court justic join case suiker uni commiss ecr paragraph commiss decis eec polypropylen oj recit commiss decis eec footnot recit decis marktverken electrotechnisch installatiemateria file articl quot internationalis raakt vooral produc en grossier quot internationalis affect manufactur wholesal period installati journaal octob state dutch electrician border area bui materi german wholesal lower price file report activ feg light product committe file attach letter cef commiss octob file judgment court justic case ici commiss ecr paragraph case bnic clair ecr paragraph case binon agenc messageri de la press ecr paragraph court instanc join case sck fnk commiss ecr ii paragraph commiss report competit polici cover point commiss decis eec centraal bureau voor de rijwielhandel oj recit recit judgment court justic case miller commiss ecr paragraph case tipp commiss judgment court instanc case spo commiss ii paragraph case dansk pelsdyravlerforen commiss ecr ii paragraph judgment court justic case baustahlgewerb ecr court instanc join case sck fnk ecr ii paragraph annex lead supplier group subgroup electrotechn product wholesal market gt tabl gt figur base confidenti report quot market research electrotechn fit quot drawn august tu file answer manufactur supplier request inform present octob april