commiss decis octob nation provis notifi feder republ germani limit market creosot notifi document number german text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun articl thereof fact commun legisl direct ec council direct eec juli approxim law regul administr provis member state relat restrict market danger substanc prepar amend direct ec prohibit restrict danger substanc prepar direct eec regularli amend includ annex addit substanc danger man environ european parliament council direct ec amend direct eec time harmonis thing market creosot similar coal tar distil prepar limit content specif compon benzo pyren water extract phenol woodtreat point annex direct ec limit fix maximum ppm mass limit water extract phenol fix maximum kg mass wood treat creosot prepar creosot respect limit market derog direct creosot prepar creosot ppm mass water extract phenol kg wood treatment industri instal product sold gener public contain label phrase quot industri instal quot wood treat market time industri profession applic case exclud insid build contact product intend human anim consumpt playground outdoor place public pleasur risk contact skin treat wood commercialis time irrespect creosot type appli case mention german nation provis german legisl term quot tar oil quot design substanc subject provis question german tar oil ordin teerölverordnung nation provis creosot notifi commiss promulg june enter forc octob part gener reorganis legisl manufactur market provis tar oil ordin includ novemb ordin ban chemic ordin chemikalien verbotsverordnung chemverbotsv hazard substanc ordin gefahrstoffverordnung gefstoffv chang substant content provis ordin tar oil amend ordin sepemb term quot tar oil quot cover substanc produc liquid product coke coal wood includ design term quot creosot quot legisl tar oil germani compris provis relat place market incorpor ban chemic ordin section appendix paragraph provis relat special label requir incorpor hazard substanc ordin paragraph conjunct appendix iii provis relat product incorpor hazard substanc ordin paragraph conjunct appendix iv principl german regul place restrict product market substanc prepar creosot wood treat substanc depend limit valu content ppm ppm ppm german legisl appli creosot prepar creosot product made wood partial complet treat creosot product creosot restrict market creosot wood treat creosot sale privat consum creosot prepar creosot complet prohibit irrespect content creosot content lower ppm allow close industri instal sale wood treat creosot brush spread dip prohibit treat wood insid build consum product definit foodstuff consum product act food packag hygien product toi creosot content rang ppm place market allow close industri instal applic impregn techniqu pressur impregn final vacuum impregn process partial impregn wooden post ensur depth protect dip hot cold process final reduct creosot content surfac process ensur equal protect man environ sale wood treat creosot prohibit impregn abovement techniqu sale treat wood complet prohibit insid build children playground purpos regular human skin contact consum product definit foodstuff consum product act creosot content rang ppm permit industri treatment railwai sleeper electr pole process pressur impregn final vacuum sale wood treat creosot prohibit railwai sleeper electr pole intend export countri climat condit requir increas wood protect addit type creosot content ppm market exclus countri climat condit requir increas wood protect previous treat railwai sleeper electr pole post market limit exceed market prohibit impregn place year ago fresh cut site perman seal cover wood intend insid build children playground purpos regular human skin contact wood product intend privat consum product consum product foodstuff consum product act german nation legisl tar oil amend time ordin june transpos part provis direct ec german law version german regul provis content water solubl phenol compound creosot requir minimum drum size creosot ppm specif label requir prepar creosot direct establish maximum content phenol compound specif label requir creosot ppm provis restrict initi german regul incorpor ban chemic ordin hazard substanc ordin amend ordin label requir slightli commun provis german nation legisl requir word quot exclus pressur impregn final vacuum railwai sleeper electr pole quot amend decre restrict treat wood addit restrict mention previous treat railwai sleeper electr pole post market quot quot comparison german provis direct ec tabl show detail differ restrict market creosot wood treat creosot depend content laid direct ec german legal system forc date adopt direct tabl comparison direct ec german regul gt tabl gt summari german provis restrict aspect creosot prepar creosot sold privat consum irrespect content place market creosot prepar creosot content ppm export countri climat condit requir enhanc wood preserv domest industri specif oblig creosot prepar creosot process technolog establish depend content ppm newli treat wood market oblig treatment process met addit restrict appli wood treat creosot ppm wood treat creosot rang ppm specif applic railwai sleeper electr pole export place market previous treat wood restrict comparison ec direct ii procedur direct ec adopt decemb direct transpos nation law member state year adopt decemb articl subparagraph nation provis appli june articl subparagraph letter juli germani transmit report date june inform european commiss ground health protect germani deem continu appli exist legisl relat quot tar oil quot request derog basi articl ec treati direct ec creosot state amend made order incorpor part provis commun direct nation legisl amend notifi juli letter decemb commiss invit member state present observ german request articl commiss receiv comment denmark sweden netherland austria unit kingdom denmark recal opinion creosot danger substanc human be environ restrict ban complet denmark fulli support idea germani option appli stringent nation rule creosot sweden share german view risk pose creosot wood treat creosot object notifi stringent german provis sweden underlin creosot advers environment impact highli toxic aquat organ compon bioaccumul creosot creosot treat wood limit order minimis risk damag sweden recal notifi intent maintain nation provis creosot view special circumst appli territori netherland recal made statement council underlin level protect public health workplac environ set direct insuffici netherland notifi request derog articl netherland german measur meet real hidden barrier trade support confirm commiss austria primari object german provis protect consum health object articl austria agre posit cancer risk consum direct dermal exposur tar oil wood treat tar oil consider risk highest direct brush applic tar oil dermal inhalatori exposur unnecessari treat wood insid build austria consid continu applic nation provis justifi german regul proport reduc risk exposur address specif situat free circul good hinder limit extent futhermor nation measur greatest effect german compani austria consid stringent measur constitut arbitrari discrimin disguis restrict trade contrast unit kingdom object request germani uk author german request base disagr scientif consensu reach commun level adopt direct ec uk opinion member state accept standard impos singl market measur special circumst lead increas risk member state similar provis appli uk awar special circumst germani justifi applic stringent measur uk point threshold ppm direct consist classif criteria direct eec treati amsterdam amend treati european union treati establish european commun relat act sign amsterdam octob enter forc letter august gener secretariat commiss inform germani fact notif place market creosot treat framework provis treati iii assess applic rule treati amsterdam amend substanti provis articl treati establish european commun replac paragraph articl paragraph number due number articl amend articl articl treati establish european commun treati amsterdam compris specif transit provis rule applic notif made previous time entri forc treati german notif subject decis absenc specif provis extend applic provis articl ec treati regard repeal dai entri forc provis provis treati appli immedi date examin notif consider admiss notif submit germani intend obtain authoris maintain nation provis incompat direct ec constitut harmonis measur adopt basi articl articl ec treati articl treati read quot adopt council commiss harmonis measur member state deem maintain nation provis ground major refer articl relat protect environ work environ notifi commiss provis ground maintain quot direct ec transpos member state decemb enforc june germani notifi nation legisl relat quot tar oil quot intend maintain juli date foreseen applic nation provis transpos direct nation provis derog sought enter forc octob direct ec adopt decemb notif germani announc intent amend nation legisl order transpos part provis direct ec nation law restrict amend ordin june notifi commiss august maximum permiss content water solubl phenol list specif substanc cover term quot tar oil quot minimum drum size specif label requir tar oil ppm includ exist restrict treat wood slightli modifi light preced commiss consid request feder republ germani derog direct ec notifi juli articl admiss articl ec treati articl nation provis notifi member state wish obtain approv maintain date implement commun harmonis measur adopt adopt harmonis measur decis exclus deal legisl exist adopt direct ec notifi request juli provis introduc amend decre june notifi august approv request implement provis direct ec subject decis assess merit accord provis articl treati commiss assur condit enabl member state avail possibl derog provid articl met commiss verifi provis notifi member state justifi major protect refer articl relat environ work environ addit commiss verifi consid measur justifi mean arbitrari discrimin disguis restrict trade member state constitut obstacl oper intern market articl germani base request protect human health order substanti request derog germani submit justif restrict nation measur substanti document report senat commiss test materi injuri health german research associ mak commiss suitabl marker substanc mixtur polycycl aromat hydrocarbon origin combust process complet studi carcinogen properti collect data ident avail applic altern wood protect agent includ toxicolog ecotoxicolog effect examin merit request base exclus inform order verifi german nation provis market creosot treat wood proportion end commiss mandat studi extern consult assess situat environment contamin creosot germani addit find studi mandat commiss framework similar request countri assess request germani note light time frame establish articl exist articl regim german request notifi substanti effort commiss find element justif mainten german nation provis constitut preced futur examin nation measur notifi articl justifi major commiss basi quot reason quot put forward member state justifi mainten nation provis mean provis treati respons prove measur justifi lai request member state procedur framework establish articl commiss limit examin relev element submit request member state seek reason justif studi refer complet conclus effect creosot human health carcinogen potenti specif design long term carcinogen studi ongo studi made commiss begin find studi set addit studi made scientif committe toxic ecotox environ express opinion cancer risk consum creosot wood treat creosot novemb opinion revis march justif ground major creosot gener inform creosot complex mixtur chemic compound predominantli aromat hydrocarbon phenol aromat nitrogen sulphur compound mid heavi distil coal tar boil point approxim creosot polycycl aromat hydrocarbon pah total pah content import acenaphthen naphthalen phenanthren anthracen fluoren fluoranthen chrysen tripenylen benzo anthracen benzo fluoranthen benzo fluoranthen benzo pyren benzo pyren investig pah content indic marker substanc classif purpos reflect total pah content creosot depend type creosot concern content vari weight ppm refin distil coal tar select fraction lead lower phenol content industri standard develop western european institut wood preserv characteris content distil fraction import context content limit valu classif standard ppm ppm modif physic chemic properti creosot requir environment purpos creat lower viscos product suit brush applic incorpor compon lower boil point call carbolineum direct ec make distinct cover treat ident rang coal tar distil name einec ca number creosot princip exclus wood preserv agent larg scale industri profession applic import railwai sleeper pole electr transport hydraul engin bank protect agricultur fruit product creosot similar product individu consum wood preserv purpos import properti creosot high fungicid efficaci high insecticid efficaci long term persist resist leach weather small quantiti creosot medicin product treatment skin diseas psoriasi toxic creosot human health effect fact creosot wood preserv centuri publish data effect human sustain exposur creosot studi conform modern standard document exposur occur inhal ingest skin contact creosot evalu mildli moder toxic ingest effect result anim experi epidemiolog studi human link dermal exposur skin photosensit coal tar number author irrit symptom pitch wart skin discolor dermal tear report occur worker expos creosot recent studi worker expos creosot sweden norwai publish studi examin worker expos creosot investig found lower total cancer incid expect increas risk cancer skin lip hodgkin lymphoma composit creosot document author conclud small number case permit valid conclus increas attribut exposur creosot sunlight studi found increas risk mortal scrotal cancer brickmak expos creosot period content creosot clear dose respons relationship base anim experi skin mice war regularli expos solut aceton life time intern agenc research cancer iarc classifi creosot group human carcinogen iarc estim substanc class suffici evid creosot carcinogen anim evid epidemiolog studi conclud creosot carcinogen human signific evid recent investig affect conclus year expert member state examin issu classif creosot coal tar distil quot complex substanc quot framework council direct eec june relat classif packag label danger substanc amend direct ec draw larg data iarc agreement reach elabor commiss direct ec st adapt technic progress creosot coal tar distil classifi categori carcinogen label risk phrase quot cancer quot classif carcinogen appli shown substanc ppm weight iarc classif appli specif content choic limit ppm concentr classif purpos commun legisl order distinguish carcinogen carcinogen coal tar distil accept member state work group adapt direct eec technic progress basi joint declar commiss member state declar state situat review result abovement scientif studi fraunhof institut initi industri collabor iarc progress time recognis experiment data prove creosot ppm carcinogen situat chang result fraunhof studi present toxicokinet creosot human experiment anim recent studi investig quantit absorpt pah skin measur excret metabolit pyren absorpt appear vari individu site individu separ studi dermal absorpt pah compound measur pah higher molecular weight pyren absorb rapidli estim uptak base pyren marker result overestim consid conserv note effect observ anim experi epidemiolog investig human base high level chronic exposur report found literatur exampl cancer skin site attribut exposur creosot occup environment context exposur consum occur prepar creosot carbolineum wood preserv brush applic dermal inhalatori treat wood adult construct fenc wooden structur privat children plai structur made treat wood measur data exposur consum creosot directli product indirectli contact wood treat creosot model calcul exposur develop studi discuss environment effect environment contamin creosot report number countri wood treatment facil sourc contamin fact inform fate creosot environ obtain industri creosot spill contamin left disus creosot plant environment contamin trace analysi select pah compound notabl creosot toxic organ soil highli toxic aquat organ lc valu mg compon bioaccumul main characterist pah environ pah bind strongli soil organ matter rate degrad pah soil environment compart slow creosot residu persist year environ amp gt year main breakdown process photodegrad irradi sun microbi degrad bacteria microbi degrad occur aerob anaerob condit pah compound ring poorli degrad pah reach watercours rapidli transfer sediment watercours lower molecular weight pah remov primarili microbi degrad higher molecular weight compound photooxid sediment microbi degrad water solubl pah occur aerob anaerob condit pah constitu shown bioaccumul aquat speci emiss pah air water soil occur impregn process storag impregn site treat wood pah found environment compart origin varieti sourc combust process traffic difficult ascrib level sourc creosot treat wood studi sweden shown year soil creosot impregn pole lost part compound contain creosot notabl lowest boil point amp lt part pole ground lost larger amount mobil leach compound low detect soil close contact pole coher observ mobil pah soil extrem low due strong absorpt organ matter presenc elev level pah aquat environ attribut presenc creosot treat wood migrat creosot compon treat wood water higher fresh water seawat proven studi migrat limit seawat studi year sea marin pile retain origin composit creosot compound pollut sediment creosot leach waterbank protect document netherland studi pollut impregn facil human exposur measur data environment pollut pah origin creosot scarc posit germani germani justifi request maintain restrict nation provis place direct ec exclus claim level health protect guarante commun provis gener insuffici health hazard consum germani share assess hazard relat creosot ppm wood treat creosot low agre elabor direct ec st adapt technic progress direct eec coal tar distil concentr lower limit ppm classifi carcinogen germani base judgment studi publish present result carcinogen test germani hold opinion stricter nation measur due high carcinogen potenti tar oil reduct level protect establish direct ec lead unaccept addit risk popul contract cancer depend origin product process carcinogen potenc tar oil vari individu test carcinogen effect level tar oil compon impractic order posit effect level mak kommiss carri extens evalu data conclud refer substanc estim carcinogen effect tar oil carcinogen effect tar oil greater factor effect due content germani agre pragmat reason effect level tar oil assess basi content constitu lead fulli quantifi assess content carcinogen substanc tar oil ident substanc identifi classifi precis effect level germani primari aim nation regul restrict tar oil protect health privat consum addit provis posit effect protect worker environ determin factor broader restrict hazard health privat consum germani proce analysi exposur profession user environ estim hazard privat consum type potenti exposur identifi germani skin contact tar oil gener brush applic skin contact instal carri carpentri work treat wood skin contact instal treat wood inhal exposur tar oil inhal exposur tar oil compon escap treat wood gase recognis level actual exposur tar oil show mark depend individu behaviour usual consum sector exposur provis account situat level exposur consider averag worst case scenario germani consid data studi establish dose respons relat exposur solut ppm skin tumour anim concentr solut ppm produc tumour anim prove concentr strong dermal carcinogen mice germani justifi claim level protect establish direct ec insuffici analys exposur scenario mention calcul risk assess children plai wood treat creosot ppm frequenc contact assum week year transfer µl tar oil time assum lifetim year cumul lifetim risk calcul germani germani arriv conclus cumul lifetim risk percent rang contrast internation accept cancer risk individu substanc situat rang potenti cancer risk tar oil ppm wood treat oil accept exposur dose estim children plai treat wood take account dermal exposur germani underestim actual risk higher ow inhal oral ingest germani justifi part restrict nation measur requir impregn technolog restrict market treat wood refer evalu health risk consum unaccept prescrib impregn process ensur high depth penetr tar oil perman effect protect wood reduct tar oil content wood surfac requir treatment order minimis health hazard simpl brush applic consum lead ineffect impregn high exposur applic elev surfac concentr restrict market wood treat creosot rang ppm reduct tar oil content surfac wood treat consider hazard health case frequent occasion contact data measur estim present support assert concern restrict sale wood treat previous consid unaccept cancer risk skin contact past tar oil higher content content tar oil wood surfac solar exposur consider number year tar oil migrat freshli cut site wood data measur estim present support assert final germani hazard equal effect substitut creosot applic nation legisl ban restrict sever tar oil eu direct support opinion german request report wood preserv agent give name health environment hazard present substitut tar oil cover report evalu german posit exposur environ studi made erm undertook examin inform direct exposur german popul unusu high dose creosot product sold consum contact creosot treat wood direct exposur german aquat environ high dose pah creosot treat wood order establish specif situat albeit invok germani justifi maintain restrict nation measur place direct ec mention chapter gener inform creosot applic coal tar distil wood treatment sourc emiss pah environ emiss occur associ broad rang human activ main sourc todai traffic industri activ energi gener tabl origin erm studi overview estim emiss european countri tabl estim emiss select european countri sourc van den hout kd quot impact atmospher deposit acidifi pollut qualiti european forest soil north sea quot main report esquad project gt tabl gt clear tabl creosot compris categori quot quot quot industri quot constitut small contribut level german environ recent studi german environment specimen bank support german ministri environ histor databank rang speci select locat germani conclud pah concentr decreas significantli atmospher marin environ period tabl overview consumpt creosot wood europ tabl consumpt creosot wood europ bkh consult engin foundat appeal ec direct creosot final report delft juli gt tabl gt europ total million creosot wood absolut figur germani largest user creosot wood capita exception high rank consumpt km averag lower netherland import note data german regul tar oil enter forc clear data support exist specif situat germani pollut environ pah ow creosot creosot treat wood creosot treat wood necessit restrict nation polici human exposur comment actual evalu risk human health note problem rais chapter specif germani appli similar manner member state risk human health note germani present data data unknown deliber prepar direct ec data demonstr higher exposur creosot gener popul germani comparison member state claim fact cancer risk creosot ppm underestim sustain refer studi iarc classif discuss basi assess carcinogen potenc tar oil quot workshop carcinogen complex petroleum deriv substanc quot organis ec ispra classif rule direct eec mean studi receiv due consider adopt direct ec estim made germani risk assess children plai creosot treat wood reli seri assumpt compar similar evalu made assessor notabl dutch author studi mandat commiss framework swedish request derog articl direct scientif committe toxic ecotox environ german assess fundament dose exposur simpli assum ident total quantiti transfer skin calcul base measur absorpt data daili exposur dose germani ng dai assum transfer week µl creosot densiti ml ppm contrast studi germani account bodi weight skin specif expos individu human directli dose respons relationship studi perform mice normalis calcul exposur bodi weight bw kg assessor daili dose amount ng kg bw dai higher result dutch author ng kg bw dai studi mandat commiss framework swedish request ng kg bw dai fact daili dose exposur calcul germani normalis bodi weight dose estim dutch author studi mandat commiss swedish request result calcul risk fact dutch author risk slightli accept level rang wood treat creosot ppm daili exposur year contrast germani calcul risk order magnitud higher wood treat creosot ppm exposur week year lower exposur result higher risk assumpt made germani lead clear overestim risk involv interpret support erm studi criticis risk assess made children plai creosot treat wood present german request comprehens quantit erm point assumpt calcul made germani appli exposur data measur worker occup studi worker contract skin cancer risk higher case base assess carri dutch author contain studi mandat commiss framework german swedish request derog articl result exposur children plai creosot treat wood mention claim germani risk unaccept total dismiss consult recommend commiss take decis await result long term carcinogen studi ongo time receiv begin find studi examin scientif committe toxic ecotox environ analysi present evalu scientif committe toxic ecotox environ elabor direct ec st adapt technic progress direct eec content ppm accept safe member state mention commiss member state agre joint declar review situat light result studi carcinogen properti coal tar distil undertaken initi industri collabor iarc studi made commiss januari studi test carcinogen effect creosot product provid sponsor compani rüttger vft ag germani ppm ow high viscos product appli directli skin mice dilut toluen solut concentr product concentr pure solut control pure toluen appli group mice period week week µl develop tumour observ time test anim carefulli examin termin studi commiss submit studi document scientif exposur inform creosot scientif committe toxic ecotox environ sctee ask evalu suffici scientif evid support opinion cancer risk consum creosot ppm wood treat creosot risk exist magnitud estim quantifi sctee adopt opinion novemb sctee observ fraunhof studi design reaffirm carcinogen potenti coal tar prepar ow genotox potenti pah includ threshold concentr determin carcinogen studi linear dose respons relationship content administ prepar number anim develop tumour prepar fivefold higher potenc induc skin tumour pure due presenc carcinogen substanc creosot infer studi creosot ppm induc signific incid skin cancer mice data fulli evalu relev effect studi applic mous skin human exposur situat insuffici extrapol skin carcinogen data mice human situat entail number uncertainti lead difficulti directli cancer potenc data mice assess cancer risk human speci depend sensit dermal exposur carcinogen action creosot affect morpholog physiolog skin metabol activ inactiv skin repair process basi inform scientif justifi assess carcinogen risk dermal exposur children plai wood treat creosot difficult data contain fraunhof studi sctee calcul carcinogen potenc pure µg kg bw dai chronic daili dose kg bodyweight induc test anim tumour specif tissu site standard lifespan speci creosot formul test fold higher carcinogen potenc µg kg bw dai exposur estim scenario children plai creosot treat wood calcul germani ng kg bw dai approxim true exposur result life time cancer risk life long daili exposur clear concern risk daili exposur ten year dutch assumpt daili exposur year german assumpt dose calcul dutch author ng kg bw dai studi mandat commiss swedish case ng kg bw dai reduc risk proportion base recent studi dose respons relat dermal carcinogen creosot deriv sctee exposur model chosen germani calcul risk order magnitud lower estim germani depend exposur model select risk slightli propos accept risk level genotox carcinogen drink water world health organis sctee mention figur ng kg bw dai worst case exposur plai creosot treat wood compar estim intak food annual intak food estim order mg result daili exposur ng kg bw person weigh kg higher dermal exposur sctee conclud genotox outcom fraunhof skin applic studi suffici scientif evid support opinion cancer risk consum creosot ppm wood treat creosot good indic carcinogen hazard creosot prepar test linear relationship cancer incid dose cancer potenc creosot prepar time higher judg content basi inform take account consider uncertainti assess risk children come contact creosot treat wood magnitud risk clear reason concern highest estim exposur time lower oral exposur adult popul food order estim exposur situat perform real life mass balanc studi expos children addit complic resourc intens conduct studi rais ethic question evalu germani claim demonstr research specif situat exist germani gener pollut environ pah exposur man environ pah origin creosot creosot treat wood case germani appli provis direct ec commiss receiv addit inform framework similar request netherland sweden denmark derog direct ec articl ec treati scientif evid extens studi carri adopt commun direct base recent experiment data sctee estim cancer risk human creosot ppm wood treat creosot magnitud estim certainti take consider uncertainti exposur commiss consid measur aim reduc probabl prolong dermal exposur creosot direct contact creosot wood treat creosot justifi light precautionari principl legisl notifi commiss germani take account gener principl proportion measur exce suitabl pursuit legitim object legisl possibl creosot product creosot compat protect health environ accord articl treati commiss examin appropri adapt technic progress provis direct ec creosot addit commiss evalu creosot review programm establish articl european parliament council direct ec februari place biocid product market time frame compat gener time review programm take account prioriti identifi effect set programm ongo research project fourth framework programm research technolog develop review product chain servic life pole treat creosot absenc arbitrari discrimin articl oblig commiss verifi nation provis mean arbitrari discrimin rule court justic absenc discrimin mean treatment similar situat similar treatment situat limit market product creosot german ordin base content ppm restrict appli distinct product manufactur germani import appli wood treat prepar creosot commiss consid evid german regul mean arbitrari discrimin econom oper commun absenc disguis restrict trade restrict nation measur area limit market product derog provis commun direct constitut barrier trade product legal market rest commun market member state concern concept enshrin articl intend prevent restrict base criteria paragraph appli inappropri reason realiti constitut econom measur introduc imped import product member state order protect indirectli nation product commiss mandat studi analys effect trade competit retent germani stricter nation provis studi undertook examin inform volum trade member state affect interest germani nation rule promot nation interest substitut interest germani nation rule promot altern creosot treat wood end interview place regul germani industri repres relev industri associ studi germani import creosot domest consumpt hand total product produc creosot germani export usa account export creosot ppm permit countri specif climat condit requir enhanc wood protect mean practic restrict appli export nation market nation legisl creosot protect nation market creat barrier import allow unrestrict export germani import creosot treat timber exact figur unavail recent higher timber treatment biocid metal boron salt substitut creosot product produc import germani similar manner creosot establish real concern human health relat creosot treat timber protect health real goal maintain nation legisl creation disguis barrier trade commiss consid evid disguis restrict trade member state provok german ordin creosot absenc obstacl function intern market condit establish articl subparagraph comparison text articl ec treati condit interpret prohibit approv nation measur affect establish intern market fact nation measur derog harmonis measur aim establish oper intern market constitut substanc measur affect intern market preserv charact procedur derog provid articl ec treati commiss consid context articl concept obstacl oper intern market understood disproportion effect relat pursu object germani assert effect restrict german legisl function intern market consid small reason tar oil unavoid byproduct coke industri low econom major produc locat germani unit kingdom parti affect stringent nation provis german produc demonstr nation regul enact mean econom discrimin disguis restrict trade germani affirm measur smaller advers effect function intern market retain compar level protect studi erm european creosot product industri characteris featur creosot produc byproduct primari product exce consumpt signific degre small number creosot produc declin demand situat supplier gener meet product specif requir custom technic produc creosot locat germani austria belgium denmark franc netherland itali spain uk creosot industri impregn wood profession wood preserv compani remain creosot individu consum uk ireland profession impregn primarili treat timber telecommun power pole railwai sleeper composit creosot vari coal tar feedstock product method emploi requir custom fact larg scale user develop detail specif relat boil curv concentr specif compon creosot produc produc creosot ppm tabl survei situat regard produc creosot geograph locat produc creosot content amp lt ppm trade germani tabl product sale trade creosot europ sourc footnot bett quot studi effect trade competit retent netherland nation rule place rule establish direct ec quot tar industri servic chesterfield uk decemb gt tabl gt market creosot regul germani effect legisl elimin market brush applic privat consum introduct restrict profession market treatment process creosot ppm railwai sleeper electr pole export result german creosot market restrict produc produc creosot level amp lt ppm elimin austrian creosot produc german market produc member state compli german regul fact domest consum creosot import member state small market creosot ppm exist exempt nation regul export market virtual unknown due restrict competit increas margin lower creosot product market germani declin market disproportion affect german produc reduc creosot output focu export market direct surplu output lower product carbon black feedstock electrod pitch situat chang approv direct ec concern creosot treat timber compani treat wood creosot pressur vacuum impregn primarili railwai sleeper power telecommun pole market distort trade treat wood result fact wood treat creosot ppm import wood treat creosot ppm export studi state quantiti wood export small market railwai sleeper declin peak sleeper year approxim sleeper year main reason replac concret increas mass sleeper requir modern line high speed train market creosot treat pole declin salt treatment increasingli applic power transmiss telecommun agricultur review behalf feder environ agenc german market treat timber conclud million wood year germani pressur treat salt account market treatment wood market treatment wood creosot appear declin prior implement german legisl legisl appear acceler trend trend altern main applic treat wood railwai sleeper pole exist implement german regul reinforc conclus direct volum trade creosot affect german regul small creosot effect reduc nation legisl place mainten nation legisl approv direct ec chang previous exist situat provok signific distort intern market treat timber creosot take account preced observ commiss consid evid german provis subject decis constitut disproportion obstacl function intern market relat pursu object iv conclus light consider commiss opinion provis creosot notifi feder republ germani pursuant articl examin articl ec treati fulfil formal requir provis admit consid justifi ground major protect human health constitut mean arbitrari discrimin disguis restrict trade member state disproportion obstacl function intern market commiss reason nation provis notifi approv adopt decis articl provis relat market tar oil contain ban chemic ordin section append paragraph hazard substanc ordin paragraph conjunct appendix iii paragraph conjunct appendix iv notifi juli approv articl decis address feder republ germani brussel octob commiss erkki liikanen member commiss oj oj oj holland frome advanc modern environment toxicolog vol vi appli toxicolog petroleum hydrocarbon ed macfarland al princeton scientif publish environment resourc manag scientif evalu german request derog provis council direct ec creosot final report april grimmer studi justif scientif term allow netherland retain nation law creosot place council direct ec final report biochemisch institut für umweltcarcinogen großhansdorf germani decemb dr sorgo studi justif scientif term allow denmark retain nation law creosot final report novemb atkin intern studi justif scientif term allow sweden retain nation law creosot place council direct ec final report august fraunhof institut toxicolog aerosol research dermal carcinogen studi coal tar product ctp chronic epicutan applic male cd mice week final report hannov octob karlehagen al cancer incid creosot expos worker scand work environ health iarc monograph evalu carcinogen risk human vol polynuclear aromat compound part bitumen coal tar deriv product shale soil soot lyon footnot oj oj oj note foreword annex council direct eec applic creosot van rooij al quot absorpt polycycl aromat hydrocarbon human skin differ anatom site individu quot tox environ health van rooij quot dermal exposur polycycl aromat hydrocarbon worker quot thesi isbn nijmwegen holmroo anali av kreosotstolpar simlångsdalen efter år expon fält rapoort nr älvkarlebi vattenfal utveckl ingram al quot migrat creosot compon treat pile section marin environ quot proc ann meet wood preserv assoc footnot footnot footnot footnot jakob grimmer hildebrandt quot trend environment pollut pah germani period quot publish polycycl aromat compound footnot footnot footnot oj research contract fair ct fourth framework programm rtd integr process involv product creosot util pole environment resourc manag trade competit assess german danish request derog market creosot final report june footnot