commiss direct ec august amend direct ec ec european parliament council relat type approv wheel motor vehicl text eea relev commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard direct ec european parliament council march relat type approv wheel motor vehicl repeal council direct eec articl thereof regard direct ec european parliament council june compon characterist wheel motor vehicl amend direct ec articl thereof direct ec separ direct purpos ec type approv procedur laid council direct eec repeal direct ec effect novemb direct ec european parliament council juli reduct level pollut emiss wheel motor vehicl amend direct ec introduc emiss limit valu wheel motorcycl limit valu applic stage stage effect april type vehicl stage effect januari type stage measur pollut emiss wheel motorcycl base elementari urban test cycl laid ec regul extra urban drive cycl laid council direct eec march approxim law member state measur air pollut gase motor vehicl amend commiss direct ec direct ec amend direct ec type test cycl measur pollut emiss wheel motor vehicl test cycl complet commiss committe adapt technic progress establish articl direct eec applic clarifi aspect type ii test data annual roadworthi test requir direct ec provid record test data annex vii direct ec direct ec ec amend measur provid direct accord opinion committe adapt technic progress adopt direct articl annex ii chapter direct ec amend accord annex direct articl annex vii direct ec amend accord annex ii direct articl member state adopt publish septemb law regul administr provis compli direct forthwith commun commiss text provis correl tabl provis direct appli provis septemb member state adopt provis refer direct accompani refer occas offici public member state determin refer made member state commun commiss text main provis nation law adopt field cover direct articl direct enter forc dai public offici journal european union articl direct address member state brussel august commiss erkki liikanen member commiss oj oj oj oj oj oj annex annex ii chapter direct ec amend section replac quot type test check averag tailpip emiss vehicl type test emiss limit row tabl section test conduct carri elementari urban cycl pre condit elementari urban cycl emiss sampl emiss sampl begin immedi conclus final idl period pre condit cycl end conclus final idl period elementari urban cycl vehicl type test emiss limit row tabl section vehicl type engin capac cm test conduct carri elementari urban cycl emiss sampl begin initi engin start procedur end conclus final idl period elementari urban cycl vehicl type engin capac greater equal cm test conduct carri elementari urban cycl extra urban cycl emiss sampl begin initi engin start procedur end conclus final idl period extra urban cycl quot section ad quot record data complet relev section document refer annex vii direct ec quot section replac quot engin oil temperatur time test record applic stroke engin quot section replac quot record data complet relev section document refer annex vii direct ec quot footnot tabl section delet titl appendix replac quot type test vehicl test emiss limit laid row tabl section annex check averag emiss pollut quot appendix insert quot appendix type test vehicl test emiss limit laid row tabl section annex check averag emiss pollut introduct procedur type test section annex ii motorcycl motor tricycl dynamomet equip brake flywheel test conduct elementari urban cycl last total second class motorcycl test conduct elementari urban cycl extra urban cycl last total second class ii motorcycl carri interrupt test exhaust gase dilut air flow volum mixtur remain constant test continu flow sampl mixtur pass bag concentr averag test valu carbon monoxid unburnt hydrocarbon oxid nitrogen carbon dioxid determin success oper cycl dynamomet descript cycl oper cycl dynamomet appendix gener condit carri cycl preliminari test cycl carri determin actuat acceler brake control achiev cycl approxim theoret cycl prescrib limit gearbox gearbox determin constant speed engin speed remain maximum speed speed achiev gear engin test highest gear respect urban cycl acceler engin test gear maximum acceler higher gear engag latest engin speed reach speed maximum rate power output occur motorcycl motor tricycl reach speed km gear km gear higher gear engag speed case chang higher gear permit acceler phase gear chang fix motorcycl motor tricycl speed steadi speed phase perform gear engag motorcycl motor tricycl begin steadi speed phase irrespect engin speed deceler lower gear engag engin reach virtual idl speed engin speed fallen speed maximum rate output whichev occur gear engag deceler motorcycl motor tricycl equip automat gearbox test highest gear engag drive acceler oper obtain steadi acceler transmiss engag gear normal order toler section appli carri extra urban cycl gearbox manufactur recommend gear chang point shown appendix annex appli acceler continu period repres straight line connect end period idl begin period steadi speed toler section appli toler theoret speed maintain toler km phase speed toler greater prescrib permit phase provid toler exceed second occas case subject provis section toler second theoret time allow speed time toler combin appendix distanc travel cycl measur toler motorcycl motor tricycl fuel test motorcycl motor tricycl motorcycl motor tricycl present good mechan condit run driven km test laboratori decid motorcycl motor tricycl travel km test accept exhaust devic leak reduc quantiti gase collect equal quantiti gase emerg engin tight intak system check ensur carbur affect accident intak air set motorcycl motor tricycl prescrib manufactur laboratori verifi motorcycl motor tricycl deliv perform state manufactur normal drive capabl start cold hot fuel fuel test refer fuel defin annex iv engin lubric mixtur oil ad refer fuel compli qualiti quantiti manufactur recommend test equip dynamomet main characterist dynamomet contact roller tyre drive wheel diamet roller amp gt mm equat power absorpt curv initi speed km test bench reproduc toler power develop engin motorcycl motor tricycl travel flat road wind speed virtual power absorb brake intern friction bench calcul provis section appendix appendix power absorb brake intern friction bench pv addit inertia kg kg distanc effect travel measur revolut counter driven roller drive brake flywheel equip sampl gase measur volum appendic appendix diagram show principl collect dilut sampl measur volum exhaust gase test section describ compon test equip compon abbrevi sketch appendic appendix technic servic authoris equip provid equival result devic collect exhaust gase produc test gener open devic maintain atmospher pressur exhaust pipe close system provid back pressur condit compli kpa gase collect suffici condens signific effect natur exhaust gase test temperatur tube tu connect exhaust ga collect equip exhaust ga sampl system connect tube ga collect equip made stainless steel materi affect composit gase collect resist temperatur heat exchang sc capabl limit variat temperatur dilut gase pump inlet durat test exchang equip pre heat system capabl bring gase oper temperatur test commenc displac pump suck dilut gase driven motor oper rigor constant speed pump guarante constant flow suffici volum order ensur exhaust gase suck devic critic flow venturi devic continu record temperatur dilut gase enter pump sampl probe attach ga collect devic collect constant sampl dilut air pump filter flow meter durat test sampl probe displac pump direct upstream flow dilut gase sampl mixtur dilut gase durat test constant rate flow filter flow meter pump minimum rate flow gase sampl system filter probe design filter solid particl suspend flow sampl collect bag care ensur affect concentr gaseou compon sampl pump sampl probe fill bag sa sb hand adjust valv instal seri pump order regul flow sampl bag rotamet instal seri line quot probe filter pump valv bag quot sa sb instant visual check made flow sampl moment leak tight sampl bag collect dilut air mixtur dilut gase suffici capac disrupt normal flow sampl sampl bag automat seal devic side bag close rapidli tightli sampl circuit analysi circuit end test differenti pressur manomet instal pump order measur differ pressur mixtur exhaust gase dilut air atmospher pump order measur increas pressur exert flow ga revolut counter count number revolut made rotari displac pump valv sampl circuit direct flow sampl atmospher respect sampl bag durat test rapid action valv manufactur materi affect composit gase discharg cross section shape minimis load loss technic analyt equip measur concentr hydrocarbon flame ionis analys measur concentr unburnt hydrocarbon sampl collect bag sa sb test measur concentr dispers infra red absorpt analys measur concentr carbon monoxid carbon dioxid sampl collect bag sa sb test measur concentr nox chemiluminesc analys measur concentr oxid nitrogen nox sampl collect bag sa sb test accuraci instrument measur brake calibr separ test accuraci dynamomet total inertia rotat mass includ roller rotat part brake section speed motorcycl motor tricycl measur speed rotat roller connect brake flywheel measur km km km speed km temperatur refer section measur temperatur refer section measur atmospher pressur measur kpa drop pressur mixtur dilut gase enter pump section compar atmospher pressur measur kpa differ pressur dilut gase enter section pump section measur kpa volum displac complet rotat pump displac lowest pump speed record revolut counter make determin volum mixtur exhaust gase dilut air displac pump test irrespect accuraci standard gase determin measur rang analys compat accuraci requir measur content pollut flame ionis analys measur concentr hydrocarbon capabl reach full scale content standard calibr gase differ refer ga diluent nitrogen prepar test road test requir road test road flat level straight smoothli pave road surfac dry free obstacl wind barrier imped measur run resist slope exce point ambient condit road test data collect period wind steadi wind speed direct wind measur continu adequ frequenc locat wind forc coastdown repres ambient condit limit maximum wind speed maximum wind speed gust averag wind speed parallel averag wind speed perpendicular maximum rel humid air temperatur standard ambient condit pressur kpa temperatur rel air densiti wind speed wind air volumetr mass kg rel air densiti motorcycl test calcul accord formula differ air densiti standard condit rel air densiti dt calcul formula gt refer graphic gt dt rel air densiti test condit pt ambient pressur test condit kilopasc tt absolut temperatur test kelvin refer speed refer speed speed defin test cycl speed speed requir prepar run resist curv determin run resist function motorcycl speed vicin refer speed run resist measur speed includ refer speed rang speed point interv maximum minimum point extend side refer speed refer speed rang refer speed δv defin speed point includ refer speed point greater km interv speed run resist curv run resist refer speed calcul coastdown start speed coastdown start speed km highest speed coastdown time measur begin suffici time requir settl posit motorcycl rider cut transmit engin power speed reduc speed measur coastdown time start coastdown time measur begin speed end speed ensur accuraci measur coastdown time δt coastdown speed interv δv begin speed end speed kilometr hour requir met gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt δv km amp lt km äv km amp gt km prepar test motorcycl motorcycl conform compon product seri motorcycl product seri full descript test report engin transmiss motorcycl properli run accord manufactur requir motorcycl adjust accord manufactur requir viscos oil tyre pressur motorcycl product seri full descript test report mass run order motorcycl defin section annex total test mass includ mass rider instrument measur begin test distribut load wheel conform manufactur instruct instal measur instrument test motorcycl care minimis effect distribut load wheel instal speed sensor motorcycl care minimis addit aerodynam loss rider ride posit rider wear fit suit piec similar cloth protect helmet ey protect boot glove rider condit mass kg kg tall rider seat seat provid feet footrest arm extend posit rider time proper control motorcycl coastdown test posit rider remain unchang measur measur coastdown time warm period motorcycl acceler coastdown start speed point coastdown start danger difficult viewpoint construct transmiss shift neutral coast perform sole clutch disengag tractiv method motorcycl traction appli motorcycl cut transmit engin power coast coastdown test reproduc chassi dynamomet transmiss clutch condit road test motorcycl steer alter brake oper end coastdown measur coastdown time δtai speed vj measur elaps time motorcycl speed vj δv vj δv procedur repeat opposit direct measur coastdown time δtbi averag δti coastdown time δtai δtbi calcul equat gt refer graphic gt test perform averag coastdown time δtj calcul equat gt refer graphic gt test perform statist accuraci equal amp lt statist accuraci percentag defin gt refer graphic gt coeffici tabl standard deviat formula gt refer graphic gt number test tabl coeffici statist accuraci gt tabl gt repeat test care start coastdown observ warm condit coastdown start speed measur coastdown time multipl speed made continu coastdown case coastdown repeat coastdown start speed data process calcul run resist forc run resist forc fj newton speed vj calcul gt refer graphic gt test motorcycl mass kilogram test includ rider instrument mr equival inertia mass wheel motorcycl part rotat wheel coastdown road mr measur calcul altern mr estim unladen motorcycl mass run resist forc fj correct accord run resist curv fit run resist forc calcul gt refer graphic gt equat fit linear regress data set fj vj obtain determin coeffici run resist forc includ wind veloc resist newton roll resist newton coeffici aerodynam drag newton hour squar squar kilometr km coeffici determin correct standard ambient condit equat gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt correct roll resist standard ambient condit newton tt ambient temperatur kelvin correct coeffici aerodynam drag newton hour squar squar kilometr km pt atmospher pressur kilo pascal temperatur correct factor roll resist determin base empir data motorcycl tyre test assum inform target run resist forc chassi dynamomet set target run resist forc chassi dynamomet refer motorcycl speed newton determin gt refer graphic gt chassi dynamomet set deriv road coastdown measur requir equip instrument speed time measur accuraci tabl tabl requir accuraci measur gt tabl gt chassi dynamomet roller clean dry free tyre slip inertia mass set equival inertia mass chassi dynamomet flywheel equival inertia mass mfi closest actual mass motorcycl ma actual mass ma obtain ad rotat mass front wheel mrf total mass motorcycl rider instrument measur road test altern equival inertia mass mi deriv tabl mrf measur calcul kilogram estim actual mass ma equalis flywheel equival inertia mass mi make target run resist forc equal run resist forc fe set chassi dynamomet correct coastdown time δte adjust accord total mass ratio target coastdown time δtroad gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt δtroad target coastdown time δte correct coastdown time inertia mass mi mr fe equival run resist forc chassi dynamomet mr equival inertia mass rear wheel motorcycl part rotat wheel coastdown mr measur calcul kilogram altern mr estim test chassi dynamomet appropri warm stabilis friction forc ff tyre pressur adjust specif manufactur speed motorcycl road test motorcycl speed obtain chassi dynamomet equal test motorcycl warm chassi dynamomet condit road test procedur set chassi dynamomet load chassi dynamomet fe view construct compos total friction loss ff sum chassi dynamomet rotat friction resist tyre roll resist friction resist rotat part drive system motorcycl brake forc power absorb unit pau fpau shown equat gt refer graphic gt target run resist forc reproduc chassi dynamomet accord motorcycl speed gt refer graphic gt determin total friction loss total friction loss ff chassi dynamomet measur method section motor chassi dynamomet method appli chassi dynamomet capabl drive motorcycl motorcycl driven chassi dynamomet steadili refer speed transmiss engag clutch total friction loss ff refer speed chassi dynamomet forc coastdown absorpt method measur coastdown time regard coastdown method measur total friction loss ff motorcycl coastdown perform chassi dynamomet procedur chassi dynamomet absorpt coastdown time δti refer speed measur measur carri time coastdown time gt refer graphic gt calcul formula gt refer graphic gt total friction loss ff refer speed calcul gt refer graphic gt calcul power absorpt unit forc forc fpau absorb chassi dynamomet refer speed calcul subtract ff target run resist forc gt refer graphic gt chassi dynamomet set type chassi dynamomet set method section chassi dynamomet polygon function case chassi dynamomet polygon function absorpt characterist determin load valu speed point speed includ refer speed chosen set point set point chassi dynamomet set fpau vj obtain chassi dynamomet coeffici control case chassi dynamomet coeffici control absorpt characterist determin coeffici polynomi function fpau vj speed calcul procedur section assum load characterist gt refer graphic gt coeffici determin polynomi regress method chassi dynamomet set coeffici obtain section chassi dynamomet polygon digit setter case chassi dynamomet polygon digit setter cpu incorpor system input directli δti ff fpau automat measur calcul set chassi dynamomet target run resist forc case point directli input success digit data set vj coastdown perform coastdown time δti measur automat calcul sequenc built cpu fpau automat set memori motorcycl speed interv km coastdown test repeat time run resist set comput gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt chassi dynamomet coeffici digit setter case chassi dynamomet coeffici digit setter cpu incorpor system target run resist forc automat set chassi dynamomet case coeffici directli input digit coastdown perform coastdown time δti measur calcul automat made sequenc built cpu fpau automat set memori digit motorcycl speed interv km complet run resist set gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt verif chassi dynamomet immedi initi set coastdown time δte chassi dynamomet refer speed measur procedur measur carri time coastdown time δte calcul result set run resist forc refer speed fe chassi dynamomet calcul equat gt refer graphic gt fe set run resist forc chassi dynamomet δte coastdown time chassi dynamomet set error calcul gt refer graphic gt readjust chassi dynamomet set error satisfi criteria amp lt amp gt km amp lt km amp lt amp lt km amp lt amp lt km procedur section repeat set error satisfi criteria chassi dynamomet set run resist tabl chassi dynamomet set run resist tabl run resist forc obtain coastdown method tabl method chassi dynamomet set refer mass motorcycl characterist flywheel equival inertia mass mfi equival inertia mass mi tabl chassi dynamomet set roll resist front wheel quot quot aerodynam drag coeffici quot quot tabl tabl maximum speed vehicl declar manufactur km speed reach roller bench test bench set defin tabl coeffici adjust maximum speed reach equival inertia mass amp gt tabl posit amp gt run resist forc chassi dynamomet set run resist tabl run resist forc chassi dynamomet fe determin equat gt refer graphic gt ft run resist forc obtain run resist tabl newton roll resist forc front wheel newton coeffici aerodynam drag newton hour squar squar kilometr km speed kilometr hour target run resist forc equal run resist forc obtain run resist tabl ft correct standard ambient condit speed chassi dynamomet run resist chassi dynamomet verifi speed speed includ refer speed verifi rang speed point interv maximum minimum point extend side refer speed refer speed rang refer speed δv defin speed point includ refer speed point greater km interv speed verif chassi dynamomet immedi initi set coastdown time chassi dynamomet speed measur motorcycl set chassi dynamomet coastdown time measur chassi dynamomet speed exce maximum speed test cycl coastdown time measur start measur carri time coastdown time δte calcul result set run resist forc fe vj speed chassi dynamomet calcul equat gt refer graphic gt set error speed calcul gt refer graphic gt chassi dynamomet readjust set error satisfi criteria amp lt amp gt km amp lt km amp lt amp lt km amp lt amp lt km procedur section repeat set error satisfi criteria condit motorcycl motor tricycl test motorcycl motor tricycl room temperatur remain constant condit carri engin oil temperatur coolant temperatur room tyre pressur manufactur perform preliminari road test set brake diamet roller mm pressur tyre increas mass driven wheel motorcycl motor tricycl normal drive condit driver weigh kg calibr analyt apparatu calibr analys quantiti ga pressur compat correct function equip inject analys mean flow meter discharg gaug mount bottl apparatu adjust stabilis shown standard ga bottl start set obtain maximum content bottl curv analys deviat drawn function content standard ga bottl regular calibr flame ionis analys month mixtur air propan hexan rate concentr hydrocarbon equal full scale regular calibr dispers infra red absorpt analys mixtur nitrogen measur rate concentr full scale calibr chemiluminesc nox analys mixtur nitrou oxid dilut nitrogen nomin concentr full scale test calibr carri seri test type analys mixtur gase measur concentr equal full scale dilut devic dilut calibr ga requir concentr procedur dynamomet test special condit carri cycl temperatur premis dynamomet bench situat test close temperatur premis motorcycl motor tricycl condit motorcycl motor tricycl horizont test avoid abnorm distribut fuel test variabl speed cool blower posit front motorcycl direct cool air motorcycl manner simul actual oper condit blower speed oper rang km linear veloc air blower outlet km roller speed rang km linear veloc air roller speed km air veloc abovement air veloc determin averag measur point locat centr rectangl divid blower outlet area divid horizont vertic side blower outlet equal part point averag blower outlet cross section area bottom blower outlet cm floor level blower outlet perpendicular longitudin axi motorcycl cm front front wheel devic measur linear veloc air locat cm air outlet test speed plot time order check cycl perform correctli temperatur cool water crankcas oil record start engin preliminari oper equip collect dilut analys measur gase carri section engin start mean devic provid purpos choke starter valv manufactur instruct cycl begin take sampl measur pump rotat commenc manual choke choke cut principl acceler km requir met moment actual cut choke adjust accord manufactur instruct idl manual shift gearbox period idl clutch engag gear neutral enabl acceler perform normal cycl vehicl put gear clutch disengag second commenc acceler idl period question idl period begin cycl consist second idl neutral clutch engag second gear clutch disengag idl period cycl time second neutral second gear clutch disengag idl period cycl consist second neutral clutch engag semi automat gearbox manufactur instruct drive town absenc instruct applic manual gearbox automat gearbox selector oper time test manufactur specifi case procedur manual gearbox appli acceler acceler effect ensur rate acceler constant oper acceler capac motorcycl motor tricycl suffici perform acceler cycl prescrib toler motorcycl motor tricycl driven throttl complet open speed prescrib cycl reach cycl continu deceler deceler effect complet close throttl clutch remain engag engin disengag speed km period deceler longer prescrib phase vehicl brake cycl period deceler shorter prescrib phase time theoret cycl restor steadi state idl period merg steadi state idl oper case section applic end deceler period stop motorcycl motor tricycl roller gear put neutral clutch engag steadi speed quot pump quot close throttl avoid pass acceler steadi speed period constant speed achiev keep acceler posit fix procedur sampl analys measur volum emiss oper carri motorcycl motor tricycl start bag collect sampl sa sb empti seal rotari displac pump activ start revolut counter pump take sampl activ valv set divert gase produc atmospher flow valv regul record devic temperatur pressur put oper revolut counter ct roller revolut counter set begin sampl volum measur oper section perform simultan divers valv set collect sampl previous direct atmospher continu probe bag sa sb moment test begin analogu graph record result temperatur gaug differenti pressur gaug counter record total number revolut pump start devic refer section direct flow air motorcycl motor tricycl start end sampl measur volum end test cycl oper section perform simultan divers valv set close bag sa sb discharg atmospher sampl suck pump probe moment test finish analogu graph refer section pump revolut counter stop devic refer section direct flow air motorcycl motor tricycl stop analysi exhaust gase contain bag analys event minut end test cycl prior sampl analysi analys rang pollut set span ga analys set calibr curv mean span gase nomin concentr rang analys zero recheck read differ rang set section procedur repeat sampl analys analysi span point recheck gase recheck analysi consid accept point section flow rate pressur gase calibr analys figur adopt concentr pollut measur gase read stabilis measur devic measur distanc travel distanc travel express km obtain multipli total number revolut shown revolut counter size roller section determin quantiti gaseou pollut emit mass carbon monoxid ga emit test determin mean formula amp gt refer graphic amp gt mass carbon monoxid emit test express km distanc defin section dco densiti carbon monoxid temperatur pressur kpa kg coc volum concentr carbon monoxid dilut gase express part million correct account pollut dilut air gt refer graphic gt coe concentr carbon monoxid measur part million sampl dilut gase collect bag sb cod concentr carbon monoxid measur part million sampl dilut air collect bag sa df coeffici section total volum express test dilut gase refer temperatur refer pressur kpa gt refer graphic gt vo volum ga displac pump rotat express revolut volum function differenti pressur inlet outlet section group number rotat made pump test cycl phase pa atmospher pressur express kpa pi express kpa perform cycl drop pressur inlet section pump tp perform cycl temperatur dilut gase measur inlet section pump mass unburnt hydrocarbon emit exhaust motorcycl motor tricycl test calcul mean formula gt refer graphic gt hcm mass hydrocarbon emit test express km distanc defin section dhc densiti hydrocarbon temperatur pressur kpa averag ratio carbon hydrogen kg hcc concentr dilut gase express part million carbon equival concentr propan multipli correct account dilut air gt refer graphic gt hce concentr hydrocarbon express part million carbon equival sampl dilut gase collect bag sb hcd concentr hydrocarbon express part million carbon equival sampl dilut air collect bag sa df coeffici section total volum section mass oxid nitrogen emit exhaust motorcycl motor tricycl test calcul mean formula gt refer graphic gt noxm mass oxid nitrogen emit test express km distanc defin section dno densiti oxid nitrogen exhaust gase equival temperatur pressur kpa kg noxc concentr oxid nitrogen dilut gase express part million correct account dilut air gt refer graphic gt nox concentr oxid nitrogen express part million sampl dilut gase collect bag sa noxd concentr oxid nitrogen express part million sampl dilut air collect bag sb df coeffici kh correct factor humid gt refer graphic gt absolut humid gram water kg dry air gt refer graphic gt humid content express percentag pd satur water vapour pressur express kpa test temperatur pa atmospher pressur kpa df coeffici express mean formula gt refer graphic gt hc concentr carbon monoxid carbon dioxid hydrocarbon express percentag sampl dilut gase contain bag sa addit mass replac electron devic provid equival result demonstr appendix breakdown oper cycl type test oper cycl elementari urban cycl dynamomet appendix section engin oper cycl elementari urban cycl type test appendix appendix oper cycl extra urban cycl dynamomet gt tabl gt engin oper cycl extra urban cycl type test section appendix annex iii direct eec oj quot annex ii gt pic file quot en tif quot gt