commiss decis decemb relat proceed pursuant articl iv iv cewal cowac ukwal iv iv cewal eec treati danish dutch english french german italian portugues text authent eec commiss european commun regard treati establish european econom commun regard council regul eec decemb lai detail rule applic articl treati maritim transport articl thereof regard applic lodg juli find infring pursuant articl regul eec regard commiss decis initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss present comment accord articl regul eec consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit field maritim transport fact introduct central west africa line cewal ship confer secretariat europ situat meir antwerpen cewal ship confer oper europ west central africa confer cowac contin west africa confer ukwal unit kingdom west africa line joint servic mewac mediterranean west africa confer cewal made ship compani oper regular liner servic port zair angola north sea unit kingdom specif agreement southern section cowac ship confer govern trade zair angola hand port western coast franc cewal deleg cowac transport wood point noir port european atlant coast contin west africa confer cowac ship confer compris section cowac northern section cowac southern section cowac northern section made ship compani oper regular liner servic port situat north cape belgium hand port west africa mauritania republ congo cowac southern section compris ship compani oper regular liner servic port franc dunkirk bayonn africa nouadhib angola ukwal confer made ship compani oper regular liner servic port situat unit kingdom ireland hand west africa nouadhib mocamed member cewal cowac ukwal confer list annex mewac confer compris ship compani oper regular liner servic spain french mediterranean coast itali yugoslavia hand west african coast northern border mauritania southern border angola aiwasi associ independ west african ship interest inform associ repres independ ship interest commun member includ ship compani grimaldi itali cobelfret belgium ot africa line unit kingdom associ head offic london danish shipown associ danmark rederiforen head offic copenhagen repres interest main danish ship compani maersk line oper regular liner servic europ west africa juli commiss receiv complaint danish shipown associ pursuant articl regul eec purpos complaint obtain abolit system arbitrari alloc cargo claim appli trade west africa commun guarante free access trade confer ship compani juli commiss receiv complaint danish govern pursuant articl regul eec support complaint lodg danish shipown associ septemb commiss receiv complaint aiwasi pursuant articl regul eec refer gener term restrict practic agreement appli plan liner confer oper ship trade west africa claim practic question intend impos share cargo carri ship rout europ west central africa apportion rule domest compani countri end rout ship compani countri confer member independ alleg practic obstruct freedom confer compani outsid compet confer respons complaint receiv primarili confer compani commiss open inquiri practic ship confer involv trade question commiss carri spot check head offic confer oper ship servic europ west africa cewal cowac mewac ukwal secretariat shipown committe secrétama decemb commiss adopt decis eec impos fine ecu secrétama suppli incorrect inform respons request april commiss adopt decis eec found shipown committe set respect ship trade franc west central african state constitut agreement contraven articl eec treati practic infring articl impos fine member ship compani total ecu million deadlin appeal decis expir april commiss adopt decis eec fine impos ukwal confer submit investig order decis decis answer complaint direct gener activ euro african ship confer market liner transport servic decis concern practic observ market servic suppli liner vessel transport gener cargo princip port northern europ zair trade commun countri northern europ includ north sea coastlin zair figur annex ii effect mean transport air transport mode concern limit quantiti perish high ad good term tonnag share trade regard insignific ii tramp vessel special charter shipper bulk transport specif categori good vessel special design oil miner cereal iii liner servic regular servic carri gener cargo euro africa rout compani oper contain vessel break bulk convent ship capabl carri good log carrier banana boat mix vessel capabl carri contain bulk good liner servic constitut separ market tramp servic gap widen recent year increas contain servic mode transport produc gain product compar tradit mode studi product gain time greater time greater port oper carri quickli speed vessel turn time bulk transport charter vessel containeriz good longer econom justifi addit charter viabl containeriz good provid shipper suffici larg cargo combin shipper trip compar trade franc major french speak countri west african coast secrétama produc request commiss estim liner traffic franc togo benin gabon congo niger basi trade balanc produc french custom item secrétama consid product transport bulk chiefli charter vessel lesser extent liner vessel equip carri bulk cereal steel sugar miner oil fuel malt confer shipown oper trade europ west africa suggest list includ iron or salt sulphur categori good carri liner vessel substanc confirm expert maritim economi quot french member shipown committe sugget potenti trade liner rout europ west africa assess basi foreign trade statist produc eurostat deduct figur categori cereal salt sulphur miner fuel transport sea inland waterwai commiss conclud estim liner servic constitut sole mode transport categori product trade europ west central africa containeriz good bulk cargo suppli liner servic market cewal euro african confer ukwal cowac oper compris liner trade rout commun exclud mediterranean basin coast west africa mauritania angola ship compani belong cewal list annex alongsid grimaldi itali cobelfret belgium oper joint servic amp africa line princip provid regular liner servic north sea port zair angola inform suppli cewal cewal account zairian trade area reliabl data limit trade angola decis concern cewal practic trade europ zair cowac ukwal confer larg share market respect trade legal context cewal member claim practic refer decis respons wish public author concern set document forc law examin oper practic cewal account legal framework oper unctad code conduct year end world war liner traffic europ west central africa oper sole european line organ part liner confer desir newli independ african state plai activ part traffic gener foreign trade result set nation ship compani compani insist admit confer benefit fair cargo share system demand result adopt unit nation confer trade develop unctad code conduct liner confer unctad code nation line end ship rout equal share cargo carri confer oper rout confer line alloc signific share trade order provis lead applic confer share rule confer cargo home trader end bilater rout balanc ship compani countri member confer light council regul eec ratif member state access unit nation convent code conduct liner confer rule principl appli ship confer cewal involv trade cover code council adopt regul view allow member state adopt common postit code ratifi accord provis eec treati fourth lomé convent acknowledg import ship servic engin econom develop promot trade acp state commun underlin import code conduct liner confer establish principl contract parti prevent confer line oper competit confer line long compli principl fair competit commerci basi convent lai restrict impos tramp servic cmeaoc resolut minist transport state west central africa set stand bodi cooper ministeri confer state west central africa maritim transport cmeaoc seri meet bodi adopt resolut develop african merchant fleet invit particip state adopt ship rule aim give nation line prioriti alloc freight adopt freight monitor system basi rule resolut part base unctad code conduct concern liner trade cmeaoc resolut extend measur give west central african countri share transport gener foreign trade bulk trade cover unctad code conduct cewal cewal ogefrem agreement offic zaïroi de gestion du fret maritim cewal appli exclus system loyalti agreement involv defer rebat system effect loyalti custom secur shipper remain loyal confer ship good sole success period month obtain cash rebat period end shipper decid independ liner servic member confer expiri period longer qualifi rebat period reduc zairian foreign exchang reserv zairian bank system suppli zairian shipper foreign currenc pai full freight charg rebat paid posteriori confer europ case repatri zair shipper request zairian author anxiou save foreign exchang cewal agre system loyalti agreement rebat consist reduc freight charg loyal shipper bank zair issu circular iv januari author zairian bank issu foreign currenc shipper exclus servic cewal confer circular read la banqu du zaïr agiss en vertu de ordonn loi du juin définiss se pouvoir dan le domain de la réglement du chang arrêt le disposit suivant en matièr de iv transport maritim de marchandis importé ou exporté le marchandis importé en républiqu du zaïr au départ de port allemand belg hollandai scandinav ou exporté de la républiqu du zaïr destin de ce port doivent dorénav être transporté par le navir de armement affilié la conférenc maritim quot central west africa line quot cewal laquel particip la compagni maritim zaïrois le banqu agréé ne sont autorisé régler en monnai étrangèr le coût de transport maritim qui ayant pa respecté ce disposit réglementair ne bénéficient pa du rabai immédiat figur en factur export le banqu agréé ne sont pa autorisé valid le modèl quot quot san le assortir de cett claus annex iii issu circular claus embarqu par navir cewal load cewal vessel requir foreign exchang document cewal document august initi secretari gener cewal reproduc annex iii reveal confer concern issu circular suppos restor protect vi vi confer compani cewal lost accept loyalti agreement defer rebat zairian maritim freight administr ogefrem establish zairian instrument nation freight manag oper cmb compagni maritim belg european ship compani ask belgian dutch german govern commiss interven author african state includ zair view put end system cargo alloc freight offic august cmb wrote ogefrem point govern concern enter discuss cmeaoc recit order put end unilater control measur relat payment compat unctad code conduct cmb told ogefrem letter warn belgian govern applic belgium foreign law relat intern maritim transport ogefrem repli cmb letter septemb govern concern cmeaoc agre juli establish system cargo reserv ogefrem hope cmb continu compli system forc half decemb bank zair decid author issu foreign currenc zairian shipper carrier paid guarante appli freight charg previous approv ogefrem result claus embarqu par navir cewal requir foreign exchang document abovement circular longer annex iii reveal document august refer recit cewal face situat conclud cooper agreement ogefrem decemb consult bodi articl agreement lai ogefrem tenant compt de prérog légale lui confié la conférenc cewal veilleront ce ensembl de marchandis transport dan le cadr du champ action de la conférenc cewal soit confié aux armement membr de cett conférenc maritim avec accord explicit de deux parti concerné de dérogat pourront être accordé articl agreement specifi parti ogefrem secretariat cewal confer monitor trade zair port situat geograph area cover cewal confer bilater natur agreement emphas articl parti termin agreement subject year notic laid articl agreement ogefrem grant approv cewal prior agreement confer compani regard total zairian trade leav trade cewal view obstruct activ princip competitor zairian trade cewal ceas evidenc numer document commiss possess meet dispatch item correspond remind ogefrem compli term articl cooper agreement draw ogefrem attent irregular transport servic provid confer ship compani sanction servic cewal consid possibl ogefrem persist grant monopoli trade accord cooper agreement restor exclus defer rebat system suspend payment ogefrem clawback fee amount freight provid articl agreement minut cewal meet septemb cewal warn ogefrem persist grant confer monopoli trade accord cooper agreement refer recit cewal suspend payment ogefrem fee provid agreement fact cite recit show cewal part devis implement measur question trade north sea port unit kingdom zair confer handl virtual zair trade northern part continent europ measur adopt initi return rebat system monetari author adopt provis limit issu foreign currenc shipper confer servic subsequ agreement reach ogefrem principl gave confer power prevent intrus competit market articl allow monitor trade articl loyalti contract cewal confer conclud loyalti contract relat trade northern europ zair shipper servic main claus contract standard contract drawn confer sum shipper oblig confer handl good transport area activ includ export fob basi rebat grant confer member undertook make space good shipper normal limit ascertain previou shipment proport usual number sail tonnag ship regard difficulti moment provis regul limit impos virtu nation intern regul parti free termin contract penalti subject month notic januari juli year cewal drew blacklist shipper servic limit quantiti independ ship compani oper confer area zairian trade shipper longer claim benefit offer loyalti contract count normal adequ servic cewal agreement confer clear document obtain case cewal cowac ukwal year agre member refrain oper independ ship compani outsid confer respect area activ negoti place share disput territori trade zair atlant coast spain portug emerg correspond confer concern intrus member confer territori except time give rise specif protest assur confer intrud incid repeat instanc principl territori share confer disput correspond fight ship document cewal activit commiss possess constantli practic fight ship trade zair order confer compani step confer compani oper north sea port exclud unit kingdom zair spring autumn time commiss carri check cewal head offic pattern confer secretariat inform member date forthcom departur schedul independ compani type cargo load inform ident shipper meet special fight committe conven approxim month view decid cewal ship offer reduc fight rate confer normal rate ship sail close date outsid ship schedul sail fight charg derog confer scale charg fix common agreement depend charg appli independ compani differ confer normal rate result rate charg born confer member note period septemb cewal line fight ship give estim tonnag freight tonn tonn figur compar tonnag carri independ compani period tonn total freight transport cewal zair tonn view cost oper confer member question effect connect pressur exert ogefrem control activ independ oper occas member suggest point cut fight action altogeth period end year instanc assess situat member suggest stop yoyo system present adjust contain rate quot market level quot point view share member state final result confer amp carri contain lower reduc freight rate fight committe committe inform latest matadi call advertis amp africa line quot marin coral quot cancel member confirm meet ensu question result fight action instig special fight committe caus cewal intervent ogefrem fight committe novemb member note schedul amp africa line present regular pretti regular monthli schedul show fourth quarter monthli sail chang begun direct discuss cewal ogefrem antwerp monthli meet fight committe januari ii legal assess section articl agreement member euro african ship confer articl object effect agreement market concern cewal confer constitut agreement undertak mean articl eec treati appli cowac ukwal confer correspond refer footnot recit reveal agreement exist member confer agreement confer virtu member confer refrain oper independ ship compani outsid area activ confer constitut agreement undertak mean articl order assess object effect agreement relat competit member ship confer area outsid respect trade confer examin market cover activ confer oper european atlant coast west central africa market cover activ cowac ukwal cewal liner rout commun port serv confer exclud mediterranean coast coast west africa mauritania angola recit liner rout account major proport total trade conduct sea abovement port remaind cover tramp servic competit pressur exert tramp servic liner carrier pressur limit margin product gener speak virtual product conclud tramp servic substitut liner servic recit factual data member cewal cowac ukwal confer conclud trade share agreement effect partit group ship rout prohibit member confer oper port serv confer obtain membership long uncertain procedur confer ship oper hamburg rotterdam antwerp le havr hand african port cover cowac member cowac serv port zair angola port member cewal call unit kingdom port member ukwal similarli contain intend togo origin european mainland load confer cargo cowac vessel undertak confer member prevent ukwal ship sail harwich call continent port owner member cewal cowac cewal ship sail continent port take cargo destin zair angola owner member cowac agreement member cowac ukwal cewal confer amount agreement member confer compet outsid respect area oper object effect prevent restrict distort competit common market appreci manner object effect partit european atlant coast separ area area take member state breach articl agreement effect limit mean articl suppli transport servic shipper confer area effect trade member state trade member state affect appreci commun commun carrier oper north sea accept virtu agreement serv commun port detriment creat artif barrier member state situat competit carrier port influenc competit commun port cover agreement alter respect catchment area activ locat catchment area effect disturb trade pattern common market sixth recit preambl regul eec articl regul eec agreement question member confer constitut technic agreement mean articl regul eec aim sole commerci object basi articl caught articl treati articl regul eec object effect agreement confer share market limit suppli servic mean articl regul access port ship compani member confer agreement meet exempt criteria confer set articl regul eec object fix common uniform price confer amount geograph area agreement confer confer line aim elimin competit agreement fall scope exempt provid articl regul eec articl individu exempt agreement conclud member cewal cowac ukwal improv liner servic present econom technic advantag intend sole mean elimin competit outsid line agreement offer benefit user contrari reduc choic liner servic agreement indispens attain advantag ship confer object ship confer receiv block exempt final agreement enabl cewal cowac ukwal confer elimin competit substanti part market isol commiss consid condit appli articl met case section ii articl articl eec treati prohibit incompat common market abus undertak domin posit common market substanti part abus affect trade member state applic articl ship confer articl regul eec deal possibl abus domin posit ship confer court instanc european commun cite ship confer agreement econom independ entiti enabl econom link form give entiti jointli domin posit relat oper market agreement member cewal constitut agreement fact cewal activ author block exempt prevent articl appli activ confer member ship compani cewal undertak mean articl abus joint domin posit wai recit relev market servic market state recit decis liner servic constitut relev servic market geograph market judgment april court justic rule applic articl treati air transport sector schedul flight rout altern possibl interchang regard market carrier hold domin posit reason appli sea rout seri ship rout extent substitut port european port exclud mediterranean control ocean trade northern europ zair subdivid northern european port scandinavia antwerp zeebrugg cewal transport total tonn direct north south tonn direct south north port ii french north sea channel atlant port area cover cowac south port dunkirk le havr rouen valid altern antwerp rotterdam shipper zairian trade sole trade franc zair assum transport sea cargo transport tramp servic constitut servic market mewac confer oper trade member cowac south member cewal regard competitor cewal exclud balanc tonn direct north south insignific amount bare trade cewal area addit cewal annual activ report cowac south transport oper zair govern special agreement confer content agreement recit circumst french port compet realiti margin extent cewal activ zair iii unit kingdom port ukwal area port offer limit possibl substitut continent shipper costli tranship recit confer conclud agreement member undertak refrain oper outsid territori confer effect agreement partit area activ confer question factor absenc signific competit maritim rout rout cewal member oper zair northern european port constitut specif market domin posit cewal trade northern european port scandinavia antwerp zeebrugg zair principl reserv exclus cewal ogefrem cewal agreement articl grant confer exclus transport cargo derog grant consent signatori realiti cewal protest ogefrem report grant initi quota cargo joint independ servic offer italian belgian shipown grimaldi cobelfret amp cewal maintain quota frequent exceed amp admit extent tonnag announc cewal market discontinu infring establish articl eec treati note tonnag transport area cover cowac south zair recit ii includ cewal market share trade zair market defin larg market share creat presumpt domin posit cewal power stem fact hold consider larger market share princip competitor benefit deriv agreement conclud ogefrem ogefrem interpret agreement flexibl network rout capac fleet frequenc servic provid assess refer advantag dispos princip rival servic experi acquir provid servic decad network influenc establish zair situat enabl cewal act independ vi vi competitor custom damag approach cewal vital commerci partner import export trade link zair take factor account commiss conclud cewal domin posit mean articl group ship rout oper northern europ zair domin posit held jointli member cewal link confer agreement creat close econom link evidenc exist common scale freight rate abus domin posit fact case cewal abus domin posit mean analys attempt elimin main rival amp cewal ogefrem agreement abus conduct establish principl behaviour part domin undertak obstruct mainten degre competit exist market develop competit constitut abus mean articl commiss consid cewal abus domin posit mean recit activ particip implement cewal ogefrem agreement repeatedli mean strictli compli order ensur elimin sole competitor trade question cewal domin posit confer handl great major zair trade northern part european mainland strengthen principl agreement ogefrem articl consolid cewal strong posit grant exclus trade question order maintain privileg posit confer continu exert pressur ogefrem ensur complianc agreement elimin princip competitor fact conduct ship confer relat cewal regard abus domin posit acknowledg oecd resolut oecd council common principl ship polici liber oper relat maritim transport annex ii document guidelin competit polici appli liner ship section specif practic confer confer member gener consid desir undesir point ii specif practic relat line confer practic confer indulg regard confer line regard abus domin posit includ deliber conclus agreement government quasi government author effect restrict competit exclus member line particip trade place substanti disadvantag vi vi confer line applic articl member cewal confer alleg practic refer complaint cover articl sole result oblig impos public author examin fact gener context public order provis applic maritim transport commun zair unctad code conduct unctad code conduct liner confer provis intern agreement deal cargo share articl simpli state confer oper liner trade nation ship line countri foreign trade carri confer equal access cargo carri confer countri vessel signific share cargo carri confer articl advoc creation confer trade share cargo transport shipown oper trade member confer elimin outsid oblig impos adopt unctad code conduct applic ratifi member state concern cewal respect cargo dispos ii ogefrem cewal agreement nation rule agreement ogefrem cewal refer recit consid constitut nation rule oblig cewal member act contrari titl content agreement state measur agreement impos oblig signatori monitor trade question termin subject due notic event cewal accept insist urg ogefrem compli provis view elimin princip competitor stress zairian rule forc oblig shipown member confer set system aim ensur cargo channel ship exclud independ compani conclus agreement cewal remind compli result oblig impos public author fight ship fact relat recit novemb cewal method fight ship method form part plan aim elimin princip competitor trade north sea exclud unit kingdom zair method consist design fight ship cewal vessel date sail closest sail amp ship fix special fight rate ship design jointli fix rate rate charg cewal determin econom criteria basi cost sole order lower price advertis amp shortfal revenu result applic price fix system confer tariff born cewal member accept member system fight ship principl result loss revenu shoulder practic fight ship maritim literatur quot fight ship quot vessel berth confer sail competit confer carrier quot fight ship quot schedul sail dai quot interlop quot vessel quot fight ship quot bracket outsid sail quot fight ship quot call port confer competitor charg lower rate outsid rate confer tariff financi loss quot fight vessel quot distribut member confer suffer proportion line confer member advantag obtain higher rate sail case hand cewal ship sail frequent confer design fight ship alter schedul timet note law deal ship confer world emerg nineteenth centuri exception grave view practic committe set unit state studi ship confer conclud practic fight ship prohibit unit state ship act contain express prohibit fight ship maintain ship act part unctad code conduct liner confer lai articl member confer fight ship confer trade purpos exclud prevent reduc competit drive ship line member confer trade annex ii section point ii recommend refer recit oecd practic fight ship abus domin posit outlaw practic confer indulg regard confer line regard abus domin posit includ fight ship similar mean forestal confer line obtain cargo notion fight ship impli wide ship world cewal term fight ship numer document commiss possess creation cewal special fight committe intent member anti competit practic regard distinct made concert decis undertak form case ship confer aim fix framework plan special price remov competitor case examin commiss court justic abus low price establish singl undertak act unilater distinguish predatori price aggress competit case court justic establish criteria base product cost undertak question case issu multilater intent charact demonstr abus natur conduct consist establish concert except price aim remov competitor conduct undertak collect domin posit member cewal inadmiss court held recours method condit normal competit basi merit constitut abus domin posit case fight ship cewal ship confer member bound respect common tariff member cewal abus joint domin posit seek elimin competit princip competitor fight ship cewal claim member lose monei fight rate earn charg normal rate point stress claim contradict statement confer member contain minut meet fight committe subsid cost fight rate confer normal rate charg sail case issu abus anti competit conduct effect elimin market undertak effici domin confer lesser financi capac unabl resist competit practis concert abus manner power group shipown oper ship confer cewal claim true simpli show exist confer normal freight rate substanti cost member turn point exist low degre competit market cewal establish fight rate confer tariff confer bound order benefit block exempt discriminatori effect shipper load date time sail date amp ship pai higher regular confer tariff carriag good constitut clear abus domin posit breach articl shipper dissimilar condit impos equival transact place forc pai higher rate competit disadvantag loyalti contract condit obtain loyalti rebat impos cewal shipper constitut case issu regard circumst clear abus domin posit view cewal share trade shipper regular oper europ zair occasion sole confer ship compani depend rest deliveri servic provid cewal circumst offer shipper rebat condit entrust good includ sold fob basi escap control export confer tantamount unilater impos loyalti arrang restrict freedom user competit maritim transport sector substanti reduc sole confer ship compani abil maintain activ durabl basi conduct amount appli dissimilar condit equival transact cewal trade partner shipper place competit disadvantag articl shipper real choic commiss consid cewal impos excess condit condit provis articl regul eec loyalti contract abus domin posit appli blacklist refer recit aggrav term impos shipper loyalti contract impos sanction link suppli qualiti servic event cewal loyalti contract blacklist cover block exempt articl regul eec stand applic articl treati agreement practic author block exempt cewal conduct loyalti contract abus invok block exempt prevent articl appli cewal claim shipper distinct fact offer rebat provid loyalti contract contradict draw blacklist mainten contract deem forc amend cancel final refer activ consid abus commiss cewal alleg activ success view suffici rule applic articl treati provis permit attempt abus punish point stress interpret depriv articl mean aim provis larg extent prevent abus conduct success obviou servic sole outsid suffer result cewal practic regular concern recit loyalti contract establish cewal transport user meet condit articl regul eec explicitli spell right user oblig confer member mention made circumst user releas loyalti oblig notabl circumst refer articl ii list cargo exclud contract scope notic termin contract exce month provid articl time provis requir circumst commiss consid pursuant articl regul eec address recommend member cewal term loyalti contract amend conform respect articl effect trade member state ship confer cewal made compani establish member state commun oper intern liner servic port member state liabl affect trade member state acknowledg sixth recit preambl regul eec state trade member state affect restrict practic abus concern intern maritim transport includ intra commun transport commun port restrict practic abus influenc competit firstli port member state alter respect catchment area activ catchment area disturb trade pattern common market court justic made clear agreement undertak regard affect intra commun trade agreement claus individu affect trade reason transpos case practic engag parti confer agreement affect trade member state object practic question obstruct activ competitor made belgian italian ship compani oper commun port object effect practic question limit choic transport servic shipper establish member state fall cewal area activ channel shipper good transport servic provid cewal disturb normal trade pattern common market view fact virtual trade commun west central africa transport sea maritim trade except specif categori good miner petroleum product fertil steel sugar malt salt carri liner vessel cewal control liner trade commun zair relev market defin point constitut substanti part common market section iii measur commiss articl regul eec termin infring pursuant term articl regul eec commiss find infring articl treati requir decis undertak associ undertak concern bring infring end commiss consid pursuant abovement provis requir ship compani concern immedi termin agreement refer recit practic refer recit block exempt maintain effect competit restor relev market undertak question adjust exist rule unduli restrict access trade commiss monitor complianc condit condit met reserv subsequ withdraw cewal benefit block exempt articl regul eec fine term articl regul eec commiss decis impos undertak associ undertak fine intention neglig infring articl commiss consid case impos fine pursuant articl regul eec member cewal infring articl commit act recit agreement ogefrem recit blacklist loyalti contract meet condit articl regul eec recit fight ship commiss intend impos fine infring articl commit member cewal cowac ukwal recit misapprehens part legal situat decis intend clarifi determin amount fine commiss factor consider natur infring infring articl decis natur enabl cewal maintain virtual monopoli rout zair infring effect imped attain singl market partit ship rout question favour ship line commun countri detriment competitor member state intent natur infring regul eec adopt intens consult commiss repres shipown gener legal principl ignor law excus member cewal circumst claim legal uncertainti oblig commun law rememb state recit practic link ogefrem cewal agreement oecd abus domin posit confer practic fight ship prohibit world ship legisl deal ship confer unctad code conduct ship confer applic trade question circumst infring consid commit intention conduct enterpris attent member cewal drawn complain oblig commun competit rule note submiss complaint request inform commiss conduct member chang whatsov commiss inspect premis cewal modifi practic natur good infring refer decis affect liner concern directli affect condit good trade except basic product carri tramp vessel north sea zair note incid freight rate price good carri liner vessel gener estim incid higher case low averag ad product form larg proport trade europ africa assess exact market share cewal member agreement practic exist clear present market share result partli practic cover decis sole competit capac agreement practic enabl confer maintain high market share contrast euro african trade market share confer question differenti exist price concern power cewal member allow freight rate artifici level significantli member cost suggest cewal statement fight rate recit degre involv main effect entri forc practic establish supremaci cmb group includ addit cmb dafra line woermann lini januari april regard trade question compani cmb group carri confer cargo right compagni maritim zaïrois cmz present ship presid secretari gener cewal confer time infring place member cmb execut staff cewal secretariat situat premis occupi cmb cmb group bear higher degre respons control consider larger proport trade partner directli control cmb confer action greater impact market cmz concern note share cargo alloc cewal region vessel present practic transfer right cewal member cmz face difficulti prevent surviv genuin shipown mere resal cargo right activ limit present consid genuin maritim activ levi shipown carri cargo gener level cmz gain advantag develop regular oper liner transport servic practic establish cewal shown financi difficulti present time basi forego clear fine impos cmz weaken posit case angonav angola portlin portug oper direct angola portug impos fine infring commit trade north sea zair ship compani member cewal point respect swal sold traffic right member cewal nedlloyd real part infring impos fine regard nedlloyd netherland shipown account fact plai limit part cewal comparison cmb group smaller share trade cmb compani durat infring period account regard infring relat agreement ogefrem run juli date regul eec enter forc present time agreement termin cewal fight ship account calcul fine conduct undertak period novemb refer recit case irregular abus loyalti contract blacklist period account juli novemb novelti appli regul eec infring decis case applic regul eec purpos impos fine infring articl customari case commiss show moder determin amount fine order account possibl parti concern decis fulli inform oblig commun rule competit underestim graviti infring commit case state recit member cewal fulli awar provis applic competit code conduct ship confer confer oper trade cover code suppos familiar cite recit preambl regul eec expressli condemn abus practic carri cewal member cewal fulli inform fact block exempt grant pursuant regul eec liner confer extens consult parti concern remov competit extend effect agreement liner trade oper desir circumst give member cewal benefit advantag virtu fact time regul eec appli case infring adopt decis articl cewal cowac ukwal ship conference undertak member thereof list attach annex decis infring articl eec treati enter competit agreement member undertak confer refrain oper independ ship compani outsid area activ confer order share liner market northern europ western africa geograph basi articl order elimin princip independ competitor trade question undertak member cewal abus joint domin posit particip implement cooper agreement ogefrem repeatedli varieti mean strictli compli modifi freight rate depart tariff forc order offer rate princip independ competitor vessel sail date neighbour date practic fight ship establish loyalti arrang includ good sold fob term articl regul eec accompani decis blacklist disloy shipper articl undertak concern decis requir bring end infring refer articl member undertak cewal requir bring end infring refer articl articl undertak concern decis requir refrain futur agreement concert practic similar object effect agreement practic refer articl articl recommend member cewal amend term loyalti contract conform articl regul eec articl fine impos member undertak cewal reason infring refer articl except ship compani angonav portlin compagni maritim zaïrois cmz scandinavian west africa line swal fine compagni maritim belg ecu million dafra line ecu nedlloyd lijnen bv ecu deutsch afrika linien woermann lini ecu articl fine impos articl paid ecu month date notif decis account commiss european commun banqu bruxel lambert agenc européenn rond point robert schuman bruxel expiri period interest automat payabl rate charg european monetari cooper fund ecu oper work dai month decis adpt percentag point articl decis enforc pursuant articl eec treati brussel decemb commiss leon brittan vice presid oj oj oj oj gilman graham case confer rate make author inland sector juli decis eec cite mewac confer recit publish version decis inform hereinaft omit pursuant provis articl regul eec disclosur busi secret oj trade zair belgium bilater agreement requir cargo share rule sign enter forc januari commiss initi proceed belgium failur compli articl eec treati bid ensur member state meet oblig incumb respect pursuant council regul eec decemb appli principl freedom provid servic maritim transport member state countri oj belgium declar readi appli procedur enabl meet commun oblig regard bilater agreement agreement plai role infring proceed cewal pursuant articl annex iii publish pursuant provis articl regul eec disclosur busi secret minut zair pool committe meet minut special fight committe meet minut cewal meet record ogefrem cewal meet telex letter isuard martin useo cmb cmz woermann lini cewal cewal member cewal ofregem cewal cowac abovement cewal document minut cewal meet minut zair pool committe meet copenhagen antwerp minut zair pool committe question wood defens strategi base deter custom institut blacklist unfaith shipper consigne northbound shipment confer vessel longer benefit normal adequ confer treatment minut zair pool committe blacklist system work northbound trade shipment mine product cewal rang log cargo raab karcher interholco telex martin cowac minut zair pool committe telex cewal cowac ukwal minut zair pool committe telex cewal cowac minut zair pool committe exchang letter telex cowac cewal spain portug spring cewal annual activ report mention confer exclus right rang special agreement cowac trade franc zair délégation reçu de cowac deleg receiv cowac wood trade point noir west coast western europ minut meet special fight committe minut special fight committe meet passag fight rate passeng car upgrad ls dm net novemb valid decemb rumour amp african line charg dm situat close aim remain car shipment cewal vessel turn back amp africa line case verr plat judgment march publish paragraph case tetra pak commiss ecr ii paragraph case ahm saeed flugreisen zentral zur bekaempfung unlauteren wettbewerb ecr paragraph port serv cowac north left account cover trade zair substitut exist signific degre african port infrastructur problem administr difficulti link cross frontier balanc includ good collect outsid mediterranean commiss data enabl isol recit tramp servic gener substitut liner servic case akzo chemi bv commiss ecr point court rule except circumst market share rise strong presumpt domin posit exist court rule judgment februari case unit brand compani commiss ecr market share assess due regard strength number competitor case hoffmann la roch commiss ecr passag found minut special fight committe meet committe view meantim pressur ogefrem maintain order side achiev ideal circumst creat amp stop servic oecd council recommend resolut common principl ship polici liber oper relat maritim transport adopt oecd document final reproduc intern legal materi washington dc vol telex woermann lini cewal marx daniel jr intern ship cartel studi industri regul ship confer princeton univers press princeton jersei seq telex cewal zair action committe cewal member indic cewal ship design fight ship alexand committe report serv basi draft ship act author remark notwithstand denial liner repres practic exist alexand report declar quot fight ship quot similar predatori measur emploi confer affili group independ line note appoint confer committe empow select fight ship vessel confer line sail dai port schedul independ carrier rate reduc suffici secur traffic expens voyag incident loss distribut confer member collect bear independ line result independ ultim driven trade singman julian confer standard rate polici merchant marin polici proceed symposium ocean manag institut american univers school busi administr edit howard rees cornel maritim press cambridg maryland page contemporari author alexand committe comment refer bill ship act defin section bill term quot common carrier water quot draw distinct carrier quot interst commerc quot quot foreign commerc quot bill section prohibit grant defer rebat oper fight ship retaliatori action carrier shipper patron confer line provis reach chief abus steamship confer unquestion fight ship prohibit unfair competit wage independ carrier fight ship destroi competitor analag practic local price cut trust drive small competitor busi johnson emori competit versu cooper steamship busi propos legisl annal american academi polit social scienc vol septemb page prohibit includ ship act unit state ship act defin fight ship section quot fight ship quot mean vessel trade ocean common carrier group carrier purpos exclud prevent reduc competit drive ocean common carrier trade section prohibit fight ship liner carrier commiss decis eec oj judgment juli case footnot recit hoffmann la roch judgment footnot recit akzo judgment footnot recit case hoffmann la roch commiss ecr tetra pak judgment cite verr plat judgment cite case vbvb vbbb commiss ecr paragraph judgment febuari case windsurf commiss ecr author transport cost barrier trade sens analys custom tariff bernhard abrahamson ship nation futur unit state liner industri unctad code bilater edit lawrenc juda time press educ publish wakefield rhode island french member shipown committe abovement decis eec freight expenditur repres foreign trade countri west central africa annex cewal cewal meir antwerpen telefax angonav linha marítima de angola caixa postal rua cergueira lukoki luanda compagni maritim belg manag wad st katelijnevest antwerpen telefax compagni maritim zaïrois cmz étage uzb center place de la post bp kinshasa zaïr telefax dafra line rungst strandvej dk rungst kyst telefax nedlloyd lijnen bv trade director europ dept lte po box nl dh rotterdam telefax portlin transport marítimo internacionai sarl rua actor antónio silva lisboa scandinavian west afrika line swal fack goeteborg telefax deutsch afrika linien woermann lini po box palmail hamburg telefax cowac cowac rue du pré saint gervai pantin telefax africa ocean line creek road lago nigeria black star line po box accra ghana cameroon ship line sa bp douala cameroun compagni maritim belg manag wad st katelijnevest antwerpen compagni maritim zaïrois étage uzb center place de la post bp kinshasa zaïr naval delma afriqu sncdv tour delma vieljeux quai de dion bouton puteaux cedex deutsch afrika linien woermann lini po box palmail hamburg elder dempster india build water street uk liverpool rb estonian ship compani pst tallinn estonia europa afrika lini gmbh po box bremen guinea gulf line india build water street uk liverpool rb leif hoegh po box solli oslo martin sa tour delma vieljeux quai de dion bouton puteaux cedex armement maurel prom tour delma vieljeux quai de dion bouton puteaux cedex compagni béninois de navig maritim bp coton bénin compagni sénégalais de navig maritim bp dakar sénégal société togolais de navig maritim bp lomé togo nedlloyd line po box nl dh rotterdam nigenbra ship line po box lago nigeria nigerian green line creek road lago nigeria société naval de ouest tour franklin cedex pari la défens palm line india build water street uk liverpool rb polish ocean line ul energetykow pl szczecin société naval caennais bp caen société ivoirienn de transport maritim bp abidjan côte ivoir société national de transport maritim bp librevil gabon east asiat compani holbergsgad dk koebenhavn nigerian nation ship line bp lago nigeria scandinavian west africa line fack goeteborg veb deutschfracht seereederei ueberseehafen rostock ukwal ukwal ship st floor india build water street uk liverpool rb telefax elder dempster india build water street uk liverpool rb palm line india build water street uk liverpool rb guinea gulf line india build water street uk liverpool rb nigeria green line creek road lago nigeria cameroon ship line sa bp douala cameroun nigerian nation ship line bp lago nigeria compagni maritim zaïrois étage uzb center place de la post bp kinshasa zaïr société ivoirienn de transport maritim bp abidjan côte ivoir compagni béninois de navig maritim bp coton bénin black star line state ship corpor po box accra ghana provid liner ship india build water street uk liverpool rb annex ii import zair quot ecu quot quot id quot quot gt franc gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt belgium luxembourg gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt netherland gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt germani gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt unit kingdom gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt denmark gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt export zair quot ecu quot quot id quot quot gt franc gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt belgium luxembourg gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt netherland gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt germani gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt unit kingdom gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt id quot quot gt denmark gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt gt id quot quot gt quot gt