commiss decis march relat proceed council regul eec case iv danish crown vestjysk slagteri notifi document number english text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard agreement european econom area articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb control concentr undertak amend regul ec articl thereof regard commiss decis novemb initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object commiss regard opinion advisori committe concentr octob commiss receiv notif concentr pursuant articl regul eec merger regul consist merger danish cooper slagteriselskabet danish crown amba danish crown vestjysk slagteri vestjysk slagteri decis date novemb commiss found notifi oper rais doubt compat common market commiss initi proceed case pursuant articl merger regul parti danish crown largest danish cooper slaughterhous member farmer suppli raw materi pig cattl cooper danish crown vertic integr slaughter meat process meat trade main activ commun unit kingdom germani franc denmark itali vestjysk slagteri largest danish cooper slaughterhous member farmer suppli raw materi pig cattl cooper vestjysk slagteri vertic integr slaughter meat process meat trade main activ commun denmark germani unit kingdom franc itali ii oper notifi oper consist combin oper danish crown vestjysk slagteri newli incorpor cooper societi danish crown vestjysk slagteri hereinaft collect refer quot parti quot transfer activ asset liabil parti member join collect member parti slaughter approxim million pig cattl year compani largest slaughterhous europ world largest pork export addit parti sharehold danish cooper daka daka dansk andelsslagteri tarmsalg schaub amp dat schaub slagteriern fællesindkøbsforen sfk scan hide scan hide result merger parti acquir control cooper reason state daka activ anim render abattoir product own danish crown vestjysk slagteri tican number slaughterhous retail merger parti board member member elect employe articl associ provid specif system appoint board member major board appoint chairman cast vote board respons determin commerci polici compani merger parti posit cast approxim vote gener assembl articl associ requir amend articl associ decid approv independ member repres vote entiti result merger posit cast vote right gener assembl posit decid strateg decis cooper budget busi plan import invest parti half vote board chairman board appoint parti acquir decis influenc sole control mean articl merger regul dat schaub tradition activ process sale natur case anim slaughter danish cooper slaughterhous trade spice meat meat product main activ parti dat schaub own danish crown vestjysk slagteri steff houlberg tican merger parti board member approxim deleg gener assembl articl associ state minimum independ member favour resolut gener assembl member repres third vote right merg entiti amend articl associ merg entiti posit cast vote right gener assembl clear major board major gener assembl chang provis articl associ requir agreement independ member resolut gener assembl result merger parti acquir sole control dat schaub sfk supplier meat food industri packag materi spice food ingredi clean product cloth tool meat industri machineri equip meat industri sfk own danish crown vestjysk slagteri steff houlberg slaughterhous tican board consist maximum member maximum appoint member dansk slagteri parti appoint member board member appoint slaughterhous member appoint employe decis board adopt simpl major chairman cast vote board determin commerci polici compani gener assembl parti posit cast vote resolut gener assembl adopt simpl major resolut amend articl associ pass minimum independ member favour entiti result merger posit cast vote right gener assembl posit decid strateg decis cooper budget busi plan import invest parti acquir decis influenc sole control mean articl merger regul scan hide sell raw sort salt hide cattl own vestjysk slagteri danish crown slaughterhous oper parti possibl exercis control scan hide exception year vestjysk slagteri cast vote gener assembl suppli half hide previou year merger parti appoint member board cast approxim vote gener assembl result merger parti acquir sole control scan hide iii concentr basi forego oper consid lead concentr encompass full merger danish crown vestjysk slagteri mean articl merger regul acquisit control parti cooper daka dat schaub sfk scan hide mean articl merger regul iv commun dimens oper commun dimens pursuant articl merger regul combin aggreg turnov undertak concern exce eur million danish crown eur million vestjysk slagteri eur million daka eur million sfk eur million scan hide eur million dat schaub eur million danish crown eur million vestjysk slagteri eur million dat schaub eur million aggreg commun wide turnov eur million danish crown vestjysk slagteri scan hide dat schaub achiev third aggreg commun wide turnov member state oper necessit cooper efta surveil author pursuant eea agreement relev market parti activ bui live anim slaughter sale fresh meat final consumpt sale fresh meat industri process sale process meat product activ daka dat schaub sfk scan hide notif parti identifi relev market market slaughter live anim divid speci pig cattl lamb quot northern europ quot denmark sweden germani benelux countri ii commun wide market type meat iii danish market collect process abattoir product render reason state commiss consid relev market defin narrowli commiss consid concentr rais concern irrespect market definit chosen regard purchas lamb sheep sale meat addit busi activ dat schaub sfk scan hide market give rise concern relev product market purchas live pig cattl slaughter regard slaughter live anim parti state kill line slaughterhous differ speci chang reason time span incur signific cost addit time cost farmer switch product breed speci anim rais cattl pig suppli side substitut speci slaughter level commiss investig confirm find conclus purchas live pig cattl slaughter constitut separ relev product market fresh meat market pork beef separ relev product market parti argu notif type meat pork beef veal sheep lamb poultri process meat product belong product market readili substitut diet previou case consum product market commiss found simpl substitut function characterist suffici defin relev product market similarli case meat evid show type meat consid part relev product market purpos assess impact competit present merger note type fresh meat price differ averag beef expens pork expens poultri half expens beef meat perceiv differ consum posit market place regard meat attribut flavour tast nutrit tender cost eas evid commiss file show denmark poultri receiv highest rate high tender eas beef score high flavour tast low cost pork hand score high eas flavour tast low lean consider confirm inform danish meat wholesal supermarket consider underli differ purchas motiv consum meat type special tast specif imag season consumpt easter distinguish lamb meat type poultri typic motiv purchas quot healthi quot quot low fat quot imag case denmark pork consumpt heavili motiv tradit price differenti percept consum consumpt pattern conclud type meat imperfect substitut commiss ask buyer opinion price increas pork beef price result substitut meat type beef pork lamb poultri process meat product danish cater price increas chang consumpt pattern opinion danish wholesal switch beef pork beef pork poultri extent opinion danish supermarket demand beef affect rise fall beef price supermarket respons price increas decreas consum bui cheaper expens part beef regard pork supermarket consid price increas pork lead switch poultri conclus market inform confirm type meat imperfect substitut degre substitut exist type fresh meat parti provid graph develop rel price pork rel consumpt pork annex notif graph show rel price pork fluctuat strongli result larg fluctuat rel meat consumpt chang rel price pork percentag point chang percentag point result proportion smaller rel consumpt graph support conclus limit substitut pork type meat respons price notif parti provid price elast pork sourc oecd dg vi commiss commun oecd estim price elast beef pork poultrymeat cross price elast numer smaller type meat parti elast reflect situat danish market parti recognis posit cross price elast meat type commun notif section commiss acknowledg posit cross price elast type meat mean price develop type meat extent link conclud type meat part relev product market purpos assess competit impact propos merger contrari inelast price elast beef pork poultri meat impli increas market price type meat lead limit loss volum due substitut type meat reduct consumpt price elast beef pork poultrymeat constitut separ relev product market fact pork beef separ relev product market confirm parti organis market pork beef pork beef sale organis complet separ separ market strategi pork beef illustr fact quot fore calcul quot manag support tool pork sale staff assess optim price cut singl refer beef price target organis structur merg entiti previous parti livestock committe pig produc committe separ follow matter relev entir livestock cattl divis pig divis market organis beef pork common agricultur polici cap fact pork market organis quot liber quot market regul instrument dispos commiss guarante minimum price aid privat storag result total eaggf guarante budget pork beef regim system guarante price produc gradual reduc beef account eaggf budget export refund plai import role beef pork fact regim pork beef indic product belong market product part market effect measur regim import impact product regim similar suppli side substitut concern easi chang cut line beef pork due fact pig suppli slaughterhous homogen cattl permit higher degre automatis pork cut line compar beef cut beef cut detail select procedur take place carcas arriv ow numer breed cattl suppli respect meat characterist cut process beef autom pork suppli side substitut pork beef meat reason conclud fresh pork fresh beef separ relev product market purpos assess propos merger conclus contest parti repli hereinaft quot repli quot commiss statement object pursuant articl merger regul hereinaft quot quot sale fresh meat industri processor sale fresh meat human consumpt retail cater separ relev product market meat result slaughter anim consum final consum quot fresh meat quot suppli meat processor product process meat product quot fresh meat quot mean meat undergon process ingredi spice ad meat cook smoke dri part slaughter anim sold meat processor fresh meat consumpt take account specif cut requir buyer commiss contest cut specif chang easili meat cut slaughterhous cut possibl arbitrag parti identifi limit number cut sold processor fresh consumpt limit theoret possibl arbitrag channel arbitrag repres competit constraint parti competit behaviour vi vi supermarket processor start perform wholesal function evid market quot fresh quot meat crucial high level purchas member state processor indic competit market condit market commiss consid sale fresh meat industri processor constitut market cater supermarket butcher farm sale separ relev product market supermarket butcher consid sale fresh pork fresh beef human consumpt distinguish retail market cater market retail market split sale fresh meat supermarket butcher farmer farm sale parti contest split claim full suppli demand substitut channel price structur ident basic weekli price list negoti price start commiss consid fact basic price list necessarili indic channel consid market basic price list consist column reduct increas view client categori parti deviat quot column quot deal individu custom fact basic price list exist indic parti price discrimin channel cater market defin sale fresh meat restaur canteen govern institut ship airport chandler distinct retail cater market base firstli fact origin meat import cater retail cater prepar meat serv final consum part readi cook meal sell fresh meat consum prefer regard origin import led greater share import cater market retail market realist possibl arbitrag market view differ distribut specialis distribut cater small wholesal direct suppli slaughterhous retail packag meat suppli supermarket larg extent pre pack label inform supermarket client thirdli retail market suppli time full assort cut fresh pork beef cater typic cut meal includ menu fourthli result commiss market investig larg cater wholesal bui meat cheaper retail client smaller supermarket butcher sell singl kilogram pork retail market retail sector fresh meat sold final consum supermarket butcher channel differ substanti part butcher danish butcher slaughter live anim purchas meat local privat slaughterhous oper butcher parti state fresh pork product suppli butcher supermarket butcher bui half quarter carcas main cut supermarket sale price slaughterhous butcher typic higher price supermarket includ small supermarket outlet parti price differ result differ volum trade structur spot framework agreement basi bui power butcher retail price expens pork beef lamb charg supermarket expens poultri process meat product commiss consid conclud basi butcher supermarket constitut distinct market note competit assess remain consid separ supermarket market combin retail market butcher account combin retail market call farm sale farmer sell bigger quantiti half quarter carcas anim directli final consum distinguish retail market supermarket butcher sell meat cut offer consum possibl purchas small quantiti typic cover requir quantiti famili meal farm sale cut store consum freezer farm sale constitut direct substitut quot typic quot buyer small quantiti consum live citi conclus cater farm sale constitut separ relev product market conclus reach supermarket butcher competit assess separ supermarket market combin retail market process meat process meat product defin meat mammal bird extern ingredi salt spice raw dri smoke cook view addit process meat weight final process product extern ingredi meat speci mix commiss consid process meat product distinguish fresh meat view confirm commiss market investig substanti major meat wholesal supermarket meat processor cutter consum face price increas fresh pork fresh beef switch process meat product addit ultim consum quot perceiv quot process meat product result slaughter anim larg part process meat product intrins qualiti origin meat lean colour tender type breed type speci pork beef poultri regard process meat product inform parti processor process techniqu dry smoke cook meat speci suppli side substitut tend support conclus process meat product market purpos present assess reach final conclus exact scope market affect assess oper collect abattoir product activ concern collect process market ined anim wast product farm meat industri collect destruct dead anim product convert meat meal bone meal anim fat hide dead anim blood product regard collect abattoir product commun legisl distinguish high risk materi low risk materi obtain high risk materi render plant licens purpos high risk licens plant gener duti receiv process risk materi part slaughter anim veterinari approv slaughter high risk high risk materi quot natur quot blood wast anim dead natur pig hair floor wast reject carcas low risk materi materi separ receiv veterinarian approv potenti low risk materi offal head fat bone rind blood necessarili deliv quot high risk licens render quot suppli instanc pet food produc potenti low risk materi separ receiv veterinarian approv high risk materi high risk materi suppli high risk render relev product market purpos case high risk materi market parti agre conclus conclus basi conclud separ market purchas live pig cattl slaughter fresh pork fresh beef fresh pork beef subdivid sale industri processor human consumpt respect retail cater distinct market retail sector fresh meat sold final consum supermarket butcher farm sale left open supermarket butcher constitut distinct market assess significantli ow butcher limit share retail market final respect abattoir product relev product market high risk materi market remain product market definit left open relev geograph market purchas live pig slaughter parti geograph market slaughter live pig quot northern ec quot includ denmark germani benelux countri southern part sweden geograph market definit base possibl transport live anim slaughter context argu parti cost transport limit distanc km cost amount product ii commun legisl anim rest fed water transport hour special adapt truck make hour journei permit transport distanc km includ load unload iii load unload pig oppos transport primari concern develop stress parti refer fact export live slaughter pig denmark germani increas pig argu commerci reason transport live anim denmark germani signific overcapac german slaughterhous exist german slaughterhous commun slaughterhous pai danish slaughterhous price fluctuat member state trend member state final submit million slaughter pig export member state million slaughter pig export netherland countri includ million germani bulk export slaughterhous km dutch border itali commiss investig result find regard definit relev geograph market element quot catchment area quot distanc slaughterhous obtain pig commiss investig shown danish foreign pig slaughterhous bui live pig km slaughterhous parti argu repli pp fact quot suffici conclud separ danish market live pig reason observ pattern local sourc consist effect substitut wider northern european market view low level transport cost parti contend pattern local sourc reflect histor suppli arrang absenc effect competit constraint wider area quot view commiss possibl effect substitut result competit constraint wider area consider limit danish pig product farmer subject cooper oblig basi km catchment area sourc danish slaughterhous foreign pig foreign slaughterhous danish pig limit import export figur limit export danish slaughter pig export germani export remain limit import price differenti denmark germani export account total product price differenti germani slaughter pig export account total danish slaughter pig product price differenti figur pig account total product price differenti export total pig account total product price differenti week year price denmark higher germani parti contend figur signific increas level export germani period total number increas price differenti consider smaller larger price differ due larg unanticip special factor bse dutch swine fever commiss recognis export increas extrem limit compar instanc export dutch pig germani instanc price germani higher netherland compar price differ denmark netherland export slaughter pig germani export account dutch product slaughter pig compar danish product conclud consist higher price germani year affect danish export signific extent note virtual import pig slaughter denmark pig sweden consequ rule adopt dansk slagteri avoid quot contagi pig diseas quot rule includ necess slaughterhous facil separ foreign pig local pig price reduct import pig parti submit rule prohibit import pig slaughter ensur veterinari statu unit state depart agricultur usda veterinari authoris maintain relev slaughterhous usda veterinari authoris import sweden unit kingdom ireland commiss recognis rule theoret prohibit import cooper pig slaughterhous realiti make import difficult parti state privat slaughterhous usda authoris freeli import anim slaughter price deduct import place past rel price provid incent import pig commiss accept privat slaughterhous account danish slaughter import question slaughterhous largest slaughter pig year organis structur start import thirdli pig farmer join foreign cooper start export oper opportun member parti termin membership notic period week agreement parti merg reach septemb parti inform commiss steff houlberg benefit opportun accept farmer jutland funen member member expect produc pig parti submit phenomenon relev time german pig price danish price produc chosen quot wait quot approach present weak market condit commiss consid quot wait quot approach express tradit prefer danish pig produc stabil long term contract membership cooper versu opportun risk spot market membership observ past cooper success matter resolv merger quot neighbour quot danish cooper cooper farmer start deliv privat slaughterhous export market commiss consid factor express import cooper structur pig slaughter denmark bui live pig denmark concern relev geograph market nation danish cooper cover slaughter danish pig figur year farmer member cooper subject exclus suppli oblig vi vi cooper month notic leav period bonu payment account total payment pig suppli hand year addit quot structur link quot pig price cyclic farmer strike balanc posit member cooper todai posit member uncertain econom environ cooper farmer opportun give respons price chang market fact farmer notic leav withdraw notic month effect chang conclus farmer leav year oral hear parti present data show price live pig denmark past move price live pig northern european countri parti show graph quarterli price develop live pig denmark germani franc netherland sweden graph show weekli german price live pig rel danish price calcul correl coeffici quarterli averag price live pig denmark germani netherland sweden parti price develop correl coeffici evid price pig countri show mark tendenc move time suggest competit constraint price line commiss examin data conclus price develop correl coeffici present parti evid competit constraint parti danish market purchas live pig note common factor develop feed price extent correl importantli note recit danish export live pig rang low level export period price differ denmark germani due contractu oblig farmer deliv pig cooper slaughterhous member farmer realiti possibl export live pig respons short term price differ export live pig impact danish price live pig mean price higher germani denmark danish price increas respons increas export live pig germani ow restrict farmer prevent export competit constraint commiss found correl danish live pig price live pig price countri explain danish price calcul note weekli danish price weight averag price slaughterhous achiev meat export market danish price ow high export share depend export price domest price danish price live pig automat correl price live pig export market word transmiss mechan price fluctuat danish market live pig price fluctuat downstream fresh meat market abroad fed back danish market live pig weekli price quotat dansk slagteri link explain price correl mean parti price correl evid danish market live pig part wider northern european market live pig basi conclud purchas live pig slaughter limit denmark purchas live cattl slaughter parti argu relev geograph market purchas live cattl northern europ reason pig slaughter submit cost transport cattl greater cattl transport easili parti estim market continu decreas ow commun milk quota limit increas export male calv denmark netherland commiss examin factor cattl pig conclus indic favour nation geograph market clear quot catchment area quot cattl larger km slaughterhous transport made profit distanc km half danish cattl slaughter produc member danish cooper cattl slaughterhous parti nv ox half danish cattl product subject cooper rule oblig suppli notic leav period compar pig product price differ germani smaller cattl pig cross border movement export live cattl denmark account head total danish cattl product slaughter import denmark account except price gener higher denmark germani addit parti activ north germani vestjysk slagteri oper slaughterhous danish crown substanti number cattl slaughter contract contrast pig farmer danish cattl farmer set direct contract foreign buyer anim sell cattl danish live cattl market approxim danish cattl trade market foreign buyer privat slaughterhous supermarket bui cattl purpos present assess reach final conclus relev geograph market narrowest market denmark merger lead domin posit result effect competit significantli imped common market fresh pork supermarket parti argu geograph market fresh pork cover view trade flow member state pork view cap commun trend lead world market year ago larger differ product bought commun japan usa eastern europ todai differ smaller market pork product bought cut cut show small variat basic product parti plai issu nation geograph consum prefer meat prefer consum intent support nation industri parti acknowledg time agricultur crisi nation forc mobilis support nation industri situat gener short live social link modern consum local agricultur sector disappear tradit profession retail buyer increasingli intern addit parti increas sale germani refer larg import beef process meat product denmark degre consum confid safeti qualiti product issu lose link geograph prefer origin meat object base qualiti assur system uk retail industri parti barrier enter danish market argu wholesal price show similar develop member state veterinari control individu member state base commun law discriminatori final pork import danish market simpli deliv distribut centr supermarket distribut fresh pork individu store conclus denmark consid separ relev geograph market commun wide market pork commiss investig confirm view parti danish pork past account total sale fresh pork supermarket chang short term price develop period month markedli neighbour geograph market integr geograph market expect price fluctuat trade flow simpli respons short term price differ case parti produc price data base invoic price main cut countri denmark sweden germani unit kingdom parti figur show parallel develop price market parti sought sell product week market highest price price move parallel commiss recognis mechan exclud domin compani danish market pork small signific price differ danish market export market barrier import difficult accept price data evid market wider denmark clear consum prefer vari countri differ occur level prefer type pork lean fat relat differ prefer slaughter weight pig lighter pig denmark germani differ typic consumpt specif part pig differ cut piec meat reason explain import pork denmark virtual exist past import simpli distribut distribut centr supermarket claim parti commiss investig largest supermarket chain possibl case part volum virtual fresh pork sold danish supermarket distribut directli slaughterhous store danish slaughterhous haulier hire supermarket danish supermarket invest addit refriger distribut facil order import fresh pork fresh pork foreign local sold denmark subject veterinari control special form salmonella salmonella dt parti stress test discriminatori countri specif test form salmonella addit denmark sweden nation programm place salmonella level pork programm cover farm slaughterhous import swedish face increas risk compar danish produc caught posit salmonella dt test routin test total product place gener salmonella reduct programm salmonella dt test barrier import fresh pork final danish consum prefer danish pork strong danish supermarket origin meat product valuabl inform custom consum prefer base inter alia confid strict danish veterinarian regul make extrem difficult convinc consum purchas import fresh meat view clear major danish supermarket meat type origin pork import import factor averag consum purchas decis section vi oral hear parti present data danish crown show past price fresh meat shown similar movement countri denmark germani sweden franc parti present graph show quarterli price develop middl ham fore end tenderloin germani denmark sweden franc graph produc monthli price develop collarjoint shoulder loin denmark germani final number correl coeffici cut danish price price germani sweden franc present correl coeffici case higher data parti show wholesal price fresh pork product countri show mark tendenc move time suggest parti competit constraint price line countri commiss agre data present parti indic danish market fresh pork sold supermarket part wider northern european commun market pork data danish crown necessarili repres market situat correl reflect partli price develop common input factor countri feed price price extent base partli sale processor sale human consumpt retail cater sale processor market wider denmark explain correl danish price price countri fourth import danish price extent automat correl export price ow danish slaughterhous optimis revenu stream parti sale depart slaughterhous sell quantiti meat receiv price creat incent slaughterhous sell cheaper price denmark export market price denmark export market expect move event case past movement price evid geograph market wider denmark purpos assess competit impact propos merger note barrier trade import import place respons short term price differ denmark countri conclus due exist barrier trade credibl higher price fresh pork denmark germani lead import align danish german price short term assess impact import potenti competit note commiss find domin compani danish market challeng import attempt maintain higher price danish market compar export market section vi conclus commiss recognis fresh pork transport trade internation matter principl fresh pork member state offer danish consum danish supermarket set recognis barrier import make import competit impact short term danish market pork sold supermarket evid fact intern price fluctuat past result import danish market conclus market pork commun wide market danish market fresh pork sold supermarket separ relev geograph market assess potenti impact import potenti competit fresh pork farm sale butcher market extend denmark suppli small local privat slaughterhous parti activ farm sale market fresh pork cater market cater sector compet danish slaughterhous pig meat sold cater danish larger cater bought import meat smaller cater figur result commiss market investig parti claim basi estim sale peopl contact larger cater wholesal end import account total sale origin meat wholesal relev factor purchas decis cater pork govern institut hospit import cater origin meat final consum face demand consum purpos present assess reach final conclus relev geograph market narrowest geograph market denmark merger lead domin posit fresh beef supermarket commiss investig strong consum prefer denmark beef danish origin clear major respond danish supermarket includ import supermarket account half sale origin beef import import factor averag custom purchas decis beef consum prefer reflect studi present parti bse crisi impact beef consumpt denmark attribut strong confid danish consum danish veterinarian system commiss investig shown consumpt fresh beef retail cater import respond supermarket sell beef foreign origin supermarket wholesal alik strong consum prefer beef danish origin import beef high qualiti danish beef import meat sold supermarket price present consum altern consum basi relev geograph market fresh beef sold supermarket wider denmark fresh beef farm sale butcher market extend denmark suppli small local privat slaughterhous parti activ farm sale market fresh beef cater market origin meat wholesal relev factor purchas decis cater beef govern institut hospit import import higher supermarket addit cater origin meat final consum face demand consum appear geograph scope cater market wider denmark sale fresh meat processor commiss investig show gener meat processor sourc meat origin geograph market wider nation process meat product origin process meat product rais choic factor process meat product consum prefer import fresh meat origin product sale danish origin bacon unit kingdom exchang larg extent bacon danish origin instanc bacon dutch origin denmark supermarket sell process meat product basi pork suppli directli foreign processor process meat product danish processor meat danish origin geograph market wider nation collect abattoir product commun legisl prohibit export high risk materi hand low risk materi export import low risk materi denmark regard high risk materi conclud purpos assess geograph market denmark conclus conclud market slaughter live pig market high risk materi denmark market fresh pork sold supermarket denmark market fresh beef sold supermarket consid wider denmark remain product geograph market definit left open vi compat common market function eea agreement market structur cooper slaughterhous exist denmark year number cooper slaughterhous decreas result merger present denmark cooper pig slaughterhous danish crown vestjysk slagteri steff houlberg tican smaller privat slaughterhous cooper account slaughter slaughter pig sow boar danish origin pig danish crown vestjysk slagteri lead slaughterhous denmark compar term combin turnov time larger steff houlberg time larger tican term market share bui live pig parti slaughter time pig steff houlberg time tican slaughter facil danish crown facil vestjysk slagteri facil locat western part denmark steff houlberg slaughter facil east great belt sealand bornholm tican slaughter facil north western part denmark respect distribut danish crown vestjysk slagteri steff houlberg distribut system cover denmark tican distribut system danish crown vestjysk slagteri vertic integr pork beef sens activ downstream market sale fresh meat meat process meat trade comparison tican vertic integr parti vertic integr privat slaughterhous nv ox stop cut carcas slaughter anim parti control import sharehold number sale compani product sell product compet danish pig cattl slaughterhous export market rest europ japan usa context note prior merger main channel import export busi danish pig cooper pork export foodan sale compani fulli own vestjysk slagteri ess food own cooper danish crown steff houlberg tican addit ess food export sale small cooper channel dat schaub tulip intern meat process compani own danish crown subsidiari sum remain cooper slaughterhous depend substanti part export merg entiti mention cooper result merger acquir sole control number compani relat market cooper pig slaughterhous signific commerci relationship abattoir product daka case dat schaub packag materi sfk steff houlberg member dat schaub sfk tican member daka dat schaub sfk final dansk slagteri danish bacon meat council associ consist cooper danish pig slaughterhous aim safeguard interest cooper pig slaughterhous board consist member member chairmen cooper member elect basi number slaughter cooper danish crown member includ chairman vestjysk slagteri member includ vice chairman steff houlberg member tican member basi parti major member merger repli parti submit member dansk slagteri minor right import decis make bodi associ assembl deleg decis pass consent major deleg member note prejudic rule decis assembl deleg adopt simpl major deleg appoint member dansk slagteri proport number pig slaughter previou account year parti control clear major vote possibl block adopt propos power assembl deleg limit elect account approv annual account adopt submit propos amend articl associ wind requir third major assembl propos board director elect member board director propos made member board appoint member accord fix formula give parti abovement major board director decid issu decis simpl major minor protect level parti power adopt decis time ensur conflict decis adopt assembl deleg background view commiss parti exercis decis influenc dansk slagteri activ dansk slagteri relat entir suppli chain primari product market activ includ nation breed programm present review danish competit author veterinari health programm meat industri research framework danish meat research institut trade consum inform promot danish pork export market activ dansk slagteri fund main sourc statutori product levi slaughter pig produc denmark rebat danish land tax membership fee dansk slagteri essenti function constitut import integr part entir danish pig sector natur extent activ creat strong link common interest cooper merger danish crown vestjysk slagteri control dansk slagteri activ main competitor steff houlberg tican carri dansk slagteri includ promot activ export market nation price quotat system establish framework dansk slagteri price committe week fix price kilo agreement paid cooper member price calcul basi actual sale price obtain cooper wednesdai compani report price obtain ham middl fore end quotat publish fridai effect week addit dansk slagteri fix price paramet deduct weight standard kg pig payment meat percentag price committe compos chairman manag director cooper agreement establish nation price quotat system notifi commiss dansk slagteri agreement subject separ procedur articl treati context warn letter issu parti merger posit control dansk slagteri control price quotat system cooper structur parti farmer control cooper prevent exploit domin posit vi vi impli assess competit impact transact farmer exclud present assess order assess content account danish cooper structur danish cooper gener subject specif statutori compani law relev provis govern activ cooper laid articl associ cooper main characterist danish cooper societi farmer owner supplier cooper largest member suppli significantli total suppli member oblig deliv anim intend slaughter slaughterhous exclus basi turn oblig bui member product cooper slaughterhous bui anim member rare pig farmer simpl request member cooper speci member leav cooper easili articl associ danish crown vestjysk slagteri member leav cooper year notic expir april penalti farmer give month notic leav notic withdrawn farmer month expiri notic april rejoin farmer ti back cooper full notic period member danish cooper receiv base price suppli price result weekli quotat organis dansk slagteri recit addit base price member receiv share profit cooper paid year quot residu payment quot quot bonu quot set cooper amount dkk kg kilogram carcas weight suppli farmer respect year residu payment pig account cooper year total price kg paid farmer comparison similar danish cooper structur countri danish system appear impos constraint farmer illustr dutch slaughterhous cooper provid exclus suppli term notic leav cooper cooper oblig bui member suppli member suppli product cooper entitl annual bonu payment payment fraction bonu payment danish cooper pai nlg eur pig compar dkk kg eur pig constrain farmer freedom suppli merg entiti total member mean direct influenc individu farmer limit member belong number region assembl inter alia elect total member committe deleg farmer vote committe deleg decis make organ cooper appoint member board decid inter alia appropri profit member committe vote decis simpl major decis amend statut merger requir third major vote member exercis directli number elect repres individu farmer real direct influenc commerci conduct cooper control cooper own individu farmer assum liabil oper individu farmer cooper constitut separ legal econom entiti sale purchas pig cattl intern group purpos present assess account bui posit merg entiti vi vi danish pig farmer includ cooper member assess competit impact transact purchas live pig slaughter market share entiti bui product danish live slaughter pig sow boar context addit market share substanti danish crown moment share vestjysk slagteri share closest competitor cooper slaughterhous steff houlberg tican market histor market share stabl remain privat slaughterhous bui slaughter danish slaughter pig danish pig export actual competit privat danish slaughterhous realist altern entiti small slaughterhous kill averag fewer pig typic danish farmer produc slaughterhous licens export small constitut altern entiti largest account total slaughter steff houlberg tican suffici altern parti futur order avoid creation domin bui posit compani work full capac tican wait list year view locat slaughterhous middl town limit possibl expand intak member steff houlberg parti agreement merg exhaust possibl compani expand capac modest invest level parti argu capac expand limit cost cost calcul provid capac increas raw materi suppli commiss disput capac increas denmark line increas pig product distinct made oblig cooper slaughterhous increas capac increas product exist member capac expans accommod suppli member increas occur slaughterhous receiv increas suppli short medium term potenti member bound notic period previous member cooper slaughterhous receiv suppli question capac increas invest involv consider risk involv import sunk cost respect note pig product sealand quot home base quot steff houlberg decreas proportion compar denmark reduct quot compens approxim pig produc member opportun leav danish crown vestjysk slagteri week period announc merger join steff houlberg addit suppli exhaust possibl steff houlberg increas capac modest invest cost steff houlberg increas capac appreci extent order accommod suppli member quot conclus competitor present market prevent creation domin posit potenti competit effect exclus suppli oblig impos farmer member cooper repres danish product pig danish foreign slaughterhous foreclos obtain suppli increas present suppli danish live pig farmer deliv respect cooper termin membership export deliv privat slaughterhous deliv danish cooper provid excess capac termin membership month farmer switch involv cost deliv danish cooper member mean farmer forego annual profit share total payment member practic farmer face choic remain member cooper export germani cooper swedish meat account slaughter sweden bui import pig surpris export live slaughter pig denmark limit spite long period consist higher price germani slaughterhous present oper full capac utilis vast major danish pig farmer real altern remain member cooper parti danish cooper pig farmer inform live pig price germani export infrastructur transport compani act middleman place deliveri contract longer term negoti underli idea export germani consid realist form potenti competit german market larg extent quot spot market quot german slaughterhous compet weekli price deliveri neighbour slaughterhous farmer decid suppli basi price complet framework danish system major decis danish farmer enter german system due uncertainti risk decis german market attract altern cooper farmer quot test quot german market remain consider hinder opportun view exclus suppli oblig long notic period conclus basi commiss consid merger lead creation domin posit danish market purchas live pig slaughter concern commiss identifi regard creation domin posit relat possibl parti extract monopsonist profit supplier profit share back farmer member form quot residu payment quot quot bonu quot commiss concern relat inter alia parti control innov danish pig industri reduct choic farmer possibl parti drive privat slaughterhous busi strategi enabl parti captur privat slaughterhous market share danish market fresh pork sold supermarket market purchas live pig recent year trend innov product develop involv breed pig anim feed background consum demand larger varieti product organ product previous parti forefront product innov denmark product export home market reason deviat strategi parti achiev control innov danish pig industri pig cooper introduc specif scheme product special pig organ pig free rang pig price rule payment pig approv board dansk slagteri parti control board possibl achiev control innov danish pig industri view danish consum prefer meat danish origin lead innov address specif danish market respect note danish supermarket past initi direct contact farmer cooper order develop product specif supermarket merger significantli reduc choic farmer prior merger farmer choic suppli danish crown vestjysk base jutland cooper profit substanti minor member dissatisfi commerci strategi possibl termin membership join cooper merger substanti minor member entiti effect altern remain cooper steff houlberg tican run full capac wait list privat slaughterhous real altern merger exist member effect lock entiti privat slaughterhous collect slaughter danish pig product hold domest market fresh pork consumpt retail cater export licens slaughterhous account quarter product privat slaughterhous depend limit number farmer suppli captur proport limit product volum entiti substanti increas share domest market fresh pork increas market share bui level note deliveri supplier cooper attract suppli danish pig short term farmer ti cooper capac utilis import term profit make privat slaughterhous vulner import supplier fall offer contract member product special pig entiti pai higher price produc increas purchas price gener time address specif increas demand market product destabilis cooper structur compani ration strategi entiti exercis econom power market purchas live pig slaughter offer higher price farmer suppli econom weak privat slaughterhous depriv commerci basi drive busi repli parti submit contrari articl associ offer higher price farmer suppli privat pig slaughterhous fact member parti accept member offer contract specif parti argu articl associ dansk slagteri cooper oblig follow settlement rule includ weekli price quotat rule adopt board director dansk slagteri provid member paid weekli quotat member paid quotat commiss settlement rule necessarili effect preclud differenti price paid farmer mention settlement rule includ weekli price quotat notifi commiss articl treati warn letter issu question rule provid valid basi argument put forward parti articl associ parti refer settlement rule settlement rule adopt board director dansk slagteri amend board necessit amend articl associ dansk slagteri recal parti appoint clear major member board director parti amend settlement rule time current settlement rule slaughterhous subject approv dansk slagteri board conclud special contract product type pig pai farmer supplement addit weekli quotat compens addit cost produc pig parti claim contract offer member receiv price exceed weekli quotat impli supplement cover actual cost includ addit price incent interpret accept present settlement rule amend allow contract grant member parti consid commerci interest final obviou interest member accept payment premium member short term cooper increas market share danish market benefit member purchas live cattl slaughter market share relev geograph market limit denmark merger lead domin posit result effect competit significantli limit substanti part common market parti bui result merger danish live cattl slaughter addit market share substanti vestjysk slagteri present account market danish crown market share suppli cattl danish crown made member parti quot guarante quot suppli cooper member account danish live cattl slaughter nearest competitor slaughter danish live cattl slaughter competitor nv ox parti merger negoti merger nv ox parti increas market share account direct suppli slaughterhous cooper member member slaughterhous export licenc market share remain slaughter place export slaughterhous farm slaughter steff houlberg tican cattl slaughter activ signific limit effect competit danish market acknowledg cattl slaughterhous market share except nv ox privat slaughterhous competit disadvantag suppli secur parti reli heavili guarante suppli member cattl product denmark decreas expect continu decreas hand consumpt stabl privat danish slaughterhous access half danish cattl product account member cooper compar pig product perspect farmer conclud member suppli cattl cooper individu cooper cattl farmer substanti minor viabl altern sell product live cattl market cattl sold typic bought privat slaughterhous supermarket possibl export directli privat slaughterhous addit larger danish supermarket activ market purchas danish cattl cattl market contract slaughter privat slaughterhous directli involv contract product calv conclud relev geograph market denmark merger lead domin posit result effect competit significantli limit danish market fresh pork sold supermarket market share parti estim total danish fresh pork market retail cater commiss subsequ attempt verifi figur establish main sourc uncertainti affect estim commiss market investig confirm figur realist estim total danish fresh pork consumpt parti express doubt reliabl part calcul sale fresh pork final consumpt tabl annex regard estim import supermarket account question commiss correctli alloc estim total import pork denmark market commiss includ calcul inform parti obtain supermarket chain commiss market investig consist send questionnair danish slaughterhous meat wholesal includ import quot cutter quot parti major supermarket chain smaller supermarket chain limit number questionnair danish meat processor danish meat export enabl commiss estim total sale pork danish origin retail cater market total purchas supermarket danish import meat sale cater butcher sale fresh pork butcher report cooper slaughterhous butcher associ wholesal mesterslagteren privat slaughterhous base extrapol repli privat slaughterhous figur halv tabl annex view doubl count regard mesterslagteren sale view fact substanti part meat sold butcher process highest estim sale butcher account total retail sale meat result quot contract slaughter quot privat slaughterhous owner anim meat consum owner sold quot farm sale quot sale cooper slaughterhous employe total basi repli parti cooper slaughterhous privat slaughterhous extrapol wholesal supermarket conclud supermarket sell fresh pork sale pork foreign origin account basi repli danish supermarket volum base assumpt total market account cater account butcher account retail total supermarket sale account commiss consid reason assum purchas supermarket repli commiss questionnair wholesal repli commiss questionnair account quot miss quot commiss market investig focu import meat processor meat export export meat import commiss alloc total estim import fresh pork denmark trade channel import respond supermarket cover small medium size larg supermarket chain account total fresh pork sale basi methodolog estim danish supermarket sell pork parti account market share direct wholesal addit market share import danish crown vestjysk slagteri actual competit result merger supermarket main altern supplier cooper steff houlberg account purchas note major cooper slaughterhous tican constitut real suppli altern supermarket market share tican small product portfolio compar cooper compet danish market local market north west jutland suppli quot retail wholesal quot limit privat slaughterhous account larger slaughterhous extent serv fourth supplier local outlet supermarket chain volum cut packag distribut facil enabl compet equal basi parti actual competit steff houlberg merger result creation duopoli consist parti steff houlberg market commiss consid steff houlberg increas market share result merger knowledg commiss major supermarket previous danish crown vestjysk slagteri main supplier steff houlberg attract custom maintain multi sourc polici consequ merger steff houlberg view posit slaughter level slaughter pig strong posit home market locat sealand close major popul area denmark copenhagen strong posit commiss examin futur competit relationship parti steff houlberg set competit duopoli oper lead creation duopolist domin posit duopolist market potenti competit danish slaughter sector undergon consolid process year lead higher higher concentr sector signific entrant industri small scale entri butcher request slaughter permiss result oper parti effect control access raw materi ow structur cooper market purchas live pig entrant futur import import sourc potenti competit commiss examin possibl slaughterhous countri germani netherland sweden start export pork denmark sale danish supermarket commiss found number barrier import adapt suppli pig cut danish specif product side start export denmark danish slaughterhous adapt suppli pig type pork demand danish market train personnel cut danish specif cut danish specif requir danish slaughterhous optimis product cut danish specif impact cut product purpos market parti argu quot signific differ danish pig pig rear northern european countri relev differ slaughter weight countri easi produc adjust weight alter length fatten period week quot repli parti argu quot foreign slaughterhous readili switch sale danish segment respons small perman increas danish fresh pork price quot parti line respons foreign slaughterhous dumeco commiss market investig quot cut danish specif breed special pig uk bacon market problem volum reach quot repli commiss recognis pig farmer adapt breed pig specif requir market commiss recognis export orient compani dumeco adjust product danish specif econom viabl volum achiev distribut denmark pork sold supermarket except distribut directli slaughterhous individu store distribut system parti danish supermarket fdb logist facil term refriger capac truck distribut pork distribut centr parti fdb present undertak distribut pork sold fdb store distribut centr remaind account direct distribut slaughterhous individu store denmark overwhelm volum pork sold supermarket distribut directli danish slaughterhous individu store distribut system slaughterhous supermarket depend larg extend slaughterhous distribut fresh pork term distribut obviou possibl danish slaughterhous meat distribut denmark deliv distribut centr major danish supermarket chain set danish supermarket reli system direct distribut slaughterhous individu store realiti possibl exist import impact market distribut arrang impli creation distribut system creation addit distribut facil supermarket parti argu easi danish slaughterhous set distribut system danish market contract directli independ haulier arrang distribut hjemmemarkedsselskabet danmark quot wholesal termin facil offer viabl altern supplier quot repli hjemmemarkedsselskabet danmark own main dairi cooper md food system focus dairi product wholesal concern distribut facil scatter limit control salmonella dt addit veterinari control salmonella dt import pork make attract danish slaughterhous export denmark importantli main potenti export germani netherland advanc action aim gener reduct type salmonella specif veterinari control salmonella dt increas cost export denmark compar export countri involv increas econom risk compar born danish slaughterhous gener salmonella reduct plan advanc specif dt test routin import face gener greater risk pass control consequ shipment pork extent distribut store withdrawn swedish produc confid salmonella control product largest swedish produc swedish meat state oral hear potenti export denmark nich product view fact product cost higher danish produc consum prefer danish meat parti state danish consum prefer danish pork strong major barrier sell import pork parti consum prefer strong parti present studi show group consum put emphasi countri origin purchas decis object studi quot den dansk gri forbrugerholdning til svineprodukt svinekød quot gfk analys consum attitud danish pig factor consum put emphasi purchas ecolog pork studi base panel data household studi show group consum encompass household price sensit happi danish pig household heavi consum pork studi quot consum choic criteria bui meat quot aim nielsen base interview peopl object studi analys criteria consum emphasis bui meat studi produc purpos current proceed prepar normal busi adopt busi decis event studi group consum attach import countri origin pork commiss state studi conclud group danish consum place great emphasi countri origin purchas decis pork parti contend repli survei support view quot nation prefer strong signific proport consum quot suppos consum attach import countri origin pork conclud basi commerci viabl import pork danish market relev question respect consum prefer popul danish consum suffici weak commerci viabl potenti competitor enter danish market import danish pork studi answer question studi present parti accept evid simpl matter sell import pork commerci viabl danish market contrari real market evid danish supermarket suggest extrem difficult sell import fresh pork danish consum occas sell import pork heavili discount price import realist face small signific price increas danish supermarket consum prefer strong advertis import pork respect obviou decis start import pork base fact consum countri origin import purchas decis supermarket commerci defend decis start import requir addit distribut logist shelf space advertis believ suffici volum sale achiev expect case face small transitori signific price increas danish pork compar danish pork parti commiss put undu weight submiss supermarket commiss complianc oblig object burden proof commiss carefulli examin weight put statement supermarket respect commiss supermarket past attempt import pork prove difficult sell import pork heavili discount commiss find contradictori parti claim quot supermarket vest interest maintain present imbal negoti suppli side quot repli reason supermarket interest maintain current suppli structur altern parti readili parti argu larg import tenderloin danish market appar explain fact danish export prefer sell tenderloin oversea market commiss awar major supermarket chain sell import tenderloin larg extent parti dansk supermark fdb mount full scale attempt market import pork repli parti argu fact denmark import beef poultri lamb pork cater repli evid import place time pork commiss recognis technic import chang breed pig cut specif ensur complianc salmonella dt test arrang distribut possibl time chang consum prefer suffici import pork commerci viabl commiss believ determin effort import supermarket time lead import pork commiss believ beef show respect import note import beef undertaken respons shortag danish market danish beef decid supermarket undertak effort undertaken time substanti cost paid supermarket eventu danish consum cost direct consequ neg impact competit danish market merger conclus factor individu constitut insurmount barrier danish market fresh pork sold supermarket cumul effect barrier creat situat make import place respons small significantli higher price denmark neighbour geograph market note potenti import make substanti invest order enter danish market part invest repres sunk cost potenti import invest creation physic facil sell danish market respect import creat cut line danish specif distribut facil danish market arrang danish supermarket import time import adapt product system order reduc risk fail salmonella dt test market activ order convinc suffici number danish consum bui import pork market activ undertaken supermarket danish supplier combin larg part market activ sunk cost market activ undertaken knowledg larg major danish consum prefer danish pork knowledg exist danish supplier interest retali entri attempt target promot activ danish market commiss find danish meat enter danish market reaction small signific price differ denmark neighbour countri contrari commiss find supermarket simpli pass higher price consum view price inelast demand countervail buyer power parti argu supermarket countervail buyer power commiss recognis demand side concentr danish market fresh pork main supermarket chain dansk supermark fdb account sale fresh pork parti claim fact supermarket achiev special condit normal contractu relationship reduct list price evid fdb dansk supermark countervail bui power commiss awar main supermarket chain purchas favour condit smaller chain store fact big chain purchas favour condit small chain necessarili impli big chain countervail power remov domin posit present case note parti depend supermarket supermarket parti parti altern outlet pork export market supermarket altern danish pork face small signific price increas danish pork parti claim depend supermarket import channel sale sale parti danish supermarket account parti regularli shift emphasi geograph market obtain price tenderloin japan parti altern outlet export market supermarket bui danish pork fact parti supplier beef pork add posit vi vi supermarket increas depend supermarket parti credibl largest danish supermarket countervail buyer power price increas pass consum cyclic fluctuat pork price make simpl matter implement price increas summari commiss recognis larg supermarket chain buyer power small supermarket chain commiss find buyer side suffici buyer power remov domin posit commiss opinion danish supermarket depend suppli fresh danish pork quot stock item quot danish supermarket slaughterhous possibl export slaughterhous depend danish supermarket supermarket duopolist domin absenc potenti competit countervail buyer power actual competit market exist player market sourc competit respect competit relationship duopolist steff houlberg parti crucial supplier small follow duopoli view commiss competit relationship parti steff houlberg characteris strong competit anti competit parallel behaviour result creation duopolist domin posit creation domin result explicit collus duopolist simpli result adapt market condit provid incent steff houlberg parti compet commerci interest steff houlberg engag competit parti extent remov duopolist domin reason set structur characterist pork industri provid incent competit note pork market matur market market growth provid dynam market turn provid incent compet technolog slaughterhous matur technolog develop sourc competit advantag provid competit dynam market commiss believ technolog introduc slaughter industri normal industri technolog introduc continu basi chang gradual slow compar high tech industri comput case technolog improv share parti steff houlberg major part innov danish meat industri channel dansk slagteri merg entiti control scope price competit cooper due pig quotat system result system cooper bui live pig farmer price sourc raw materi sourc competit slaughterhous market fresh pork transpar start larg scale confidenti rebat polici danish market immedi detect merg entiti weekli price quotat meet base summari incom stream sale main cut merg entiti awar steff houlberg home market orient market steff houlberg activ independ organis control parti parti activ competit posit steff houlberg vi vi parti strong provid incent steff houlberg engag competit parti danish market merg entiti retali export market steff houlberg compet danish market structur link steff houlberg parti export market steff houlberg continu futur channel larg volum meat compani control parti addit steff houlberg invit parti join merger parti argu tican steff houlberg recent set number export compani parti develop independ merg entiti competitor commiss note develop commiss found steff houlberg tican continu depend parti substanti proport export compani ess food steff houlberg advantag term cost structur note steff houlberg bui raw materi price parti product technolog larg extent sell product channel parti possibl achiev advantag futur gira report steff houlberg reach optimum scale economi term oper cost steff houlberg face competit disadvantag compar merg entiti offer beef merg entiti vi vi supermarket possibl offer substanti turnov relat discount supermarket buyer beef push sale pork merg entiti overwhelmingli power econom steff houlberg receiv time pig turnov time greater steff houlberg conclus basi market structur market posit steff houlberg vi vi parti steff houlberg interest engag competit parti hand merg entiti act action steff houlberg view capac strong market posit sealand oper lead anti competit parallel behaviour steff houlberg parti parti contest reason commiss parti argu repli pp competit stronger market matur increas sale win market share competitor commiss matur market competit assess oligopoli point growth market provid incent compet parti contest pork market matur main point assess market reason market growth competit set commiss found danish market fresh pork competit merger market transpar due fact retail inform supplier expens transpar contribut competit commiss note parti acknowledg market transpar commiss disput competit market present commiss view oper lead anti competit parallel behaviour duopolist domin reason set parti argu commiss prove structur link compani alleg duopolist collect domin commiss appli merger regul repli commiss consid collect domin exist structur link type situat cover merger regul event commiss find strong structur link parti steff houlberg present case notabl dansk slagteri ess food correct parti state steff houlberg import step find altern export channel steff houlberg depend ess food substanti part turnov final parti submit tabl show increas price pork dkk kilogram benefit steff houlberg tican parti ow fact danish market make proportion higher share turnov steff houlberg tican shown increas dkk basi figur repli increas payment kilogram farmer dkk parti dkk steff houlberg dkk tican parti incent compet steff houlberg commiss find plausibl parti maximis profit danish market market parti sale depart ask maximis price cut sell market receiv price parti contest element commiss reason conclus reason commiss conclud oper lead creation duopolist domin posit danish market fresh pork sold supermarket fresh pork cater danish market fresh pork cater parti estim account market bulk market share realis multitud wholesal sourc meat privat slaughterhous market merger lead creation domin posit result effect competit significantli imped fresh pork butcher market parti market leader market suppli made privat slaughterhous export licens privat slaughterhous oper butcher group local butcher largest nation danish butcher associ wholesal suppli market associ purchas substanti proport meat privat slaughterhous basi conclud merger lead creation domin posit result effect competit significantli imped market fresh beef sold supermarket butcher cater basi market investig estim reliabl market share sale beef denmark supermarket butcher cater data member state split market product fresh beef sold processor parti sale denmark limit ow limit market share parti denmark conclud merger lead creation domin posit result effect competit significantli imped suppli fresh meat meat processor process meat product market wider denmark view limit market share parti denmark merger lead creation domin posit market danish collect abattoir product high risk result merger parti control domin danish render daka compani collect danish high risk abattoir product kamba competitor take materi compani subsidiari steff houlberg market share parti claim kamba increas capac abattoir product transport west great belt kamba low cost kamba obtain abattoir product west great belt work full capac doubt regard low profit render capac increas order accommod suppli west great belt commiss investig number privat slaughterhous parti posit control daka detriment parti reduc servic stop collect premis slaughterhous reduc frequenc collect parti affect daka revenu stream vi vi supplier decreas payment wast request fee accept wast combin strategi share result profit daka member merger compani control daka result merger acquisit control daka make creat incent parti exercis market power daka increas cost competitor make collect difficult parti make smaller slaughterhous competit buyer live anim farmer squeez smaller slaughterhous reduc altern parti market purchas live pig oper lead creation domin posit market abattoir product time lead strengthen domin posit parti market purchas live pig fresh pork sold supermarket vii assess propos oper affect number market upstream level impact danish market purchas live pig downstream level impact danish market fresh pork market abattoir product market live pig upstream market purchas live pig concern note parti achiev market share buyer conclud parti act domin buyer market note parti own member main part yearli profit slaughter hous past distribut member proport deliveri member cooper structur slaughter hous exploit member supplier tradit sens domin purchas neg effect result merger note oper reduc choic slaughterhous farmer effect farmer forc accept busi idea parti streamlin product anim substanti minor real altern disagre manag busi philosophi parti parti control dansk slagteri innov danish pig industri parti offer higher price farmer suppli econom weak privat pig slaughterhous depriv commerci basi drive busi market fresh pork downstream market pork concern parti achiev market share sale supermarket channel constitut volum fresh pork sold denmark major supplier danish market cooper steff houlberg close market oper result duopolist market structur duopoli hold market duopoli behav domin duopoli competit duopoli note steff houlberg provid competit parti extent remov domin reason superior size parti time turnov steff houlberg link parti joint export activ control parti activ trade associ dansk slagteri effect control parti competit entiti steff houlberg merger lead duopolist domin potenti competit prevent parti keep small signific transitori higher price danish market compar neighbour geograph market reason import set distribut system addit veterinari control salmonella dt import pork strong danish consum prefer danish pork deter continu deter import enter danish market countervail buyer power present market danish supermarket chain purchas danish pork ow strong consum prefer mutual depend danish supermarket chain depend slaughterhous slaughterhous slaughterhous altern sale channel export market danish supermarket chain simpli pass price increas final consum result merger effect competit danish market pork abattoir product abattoir product concern parti achiev market share slaughterhous todai receiv payment render product result oper parti fee collect render product parti reduc servic level small independ slaughterhous result chang control daka increas scope abus market conglomer effect parti major slaughterhous sell fresh beef pork danish market rel slaughterhous activ fresh beef fresh pork give parti addit advantag vi vi supermarket parti supplier offer beef pork parti introduc discount scheme relat total volum beef pork sold give parti possibl push sale pork beef lever vice versa addit acquisit control daka abattoir product market give parti opportun squeez small independ slaughterhous charg fee collect abattoir product reduc level servic mechan squeez privat slaughterhous attract mean special contract farmer suppli contribut creation domin posit parti market live pig fresh pork sold supermarket viii econom technolog progress parti concentr main effect result import cost save averag year turnov view period year concentr achiev volum make move present indirect narrow assort sale retail sector full assort direct supplier statu retail major european market concentr achiev volum enabl parti maintain market posit japanes market face competit produc effici concern note articl merger regul commiss account develop technic econom progress extent consum advantag form obstacl competit creation domin posit relev market identifi mean effici argument put forward parti account assess present merger addit note major cost save list parti partial achiev merger synergi relat cost reduct directli attribut merger view commiss clear danish crown vestjysk slagteri envisag merger partner benefit similar current merger achiev ix commit propos parti order resolv competit concern rais commiss parti letter receiv februari offer enter commit articl associ parti subject commiss adopt posit decis parti amend articl associ octob pig produc member individu notif permit suppli individu member weekli suppli restrict competitor merg entiti permiss exempt pig exclus oblig member appli week notic merg entiti permiss individu member sell pig altern buyer receiv pig merg entiti oblig pai residu payment pig wish individu farmer enter month notic oblig suppli pig receiv residu payment pig merg entiti oblig receiv pig exempt suppli oblig situat capac insuffici discriminatori delai week parti undertak effect octob amend paragraph merger agreement articl associ order member resign cooper month written notic expir dai month provis slaughter capac contract slaughter latest commiss adopt posit decis period parti offer slaughter chill primal cut parti danish slaughterhous term maintain full eu usda usual export authoris pig full work week sale danish market fresh pork supermarket unconnect independ parti steff houlberg competitor behalf exist prospect viabl competitor parti steff houlberg nomin approv commiss initi period begin latest commiss adopt posit decis price set contract slaughter agre parti competitor agreement enter parti remain period set price kilo pig slaughter cut primal cut half carcas cover parti document cost connect slaughter cut reason profit total cost competitor wish cost calcul audit merg entiti charter account competitor expens charter account approv merg entiti competitor competitor inform parti week advanc calendar week slaughter place pig competitor wish slaughter cut pig cut half carcas primal cut parti decid slaughter cut place effort accommod competitor slaughter conduct close competitor facil i competitor respons transport live pig slaughterhous transport fresh pork half carcas primal cut slaughterhous parti pai transport cost transport slaughterhous transfer slaughterhous due circumst control parti competitor advantag quot contract slaughter quot offer period begin commiss adopt posit decis parti longer oblig maintain offer contract slaughter sale slaughterhous week commiss adopt posit decis period parti offer contract slaughter parti undertak offer sale pig slaughterhous condit week adopt posit decis merg entiti appoint independ truste invest banker invest bank similar institut truste act commiss truste deem approv commiss commiss respond write parti week appoint announc commiss competitor decid enter agreement contract slaughter competitor option purchas slaughterhous competitor decid purchas slaughterhous parti longer oblig maintain offer contract slaughter contract slaughter agreement termin transfer slaughterhous parti sell slaughterhous parti commiss adopt posit decis truste wish sell slaughterhous parti pursuant recit remain period period slaughter contract offer competitor refus purchas slaughterhous term price offer parti competitor respond week offer exercis refus competitor declin make refus parti sell slaughterhous contract slaughter premis parti termin month notic slaughterhous pig slaughterhous situat denmark oper time actual transfer ownership slaughterhous competitor slaughterhous capac slaughter approxim pig full work week slaughterhous parti forese offer pig slaughterhous allingåbro sale offer commiss approv slaughterhous slaughterhous sold parti fair reason market price set parti take account relev aspect evalu danish pig slaughterhous transfer normal fair condit gener appli industri connect transfer ownership slaughterhous parti succeed sell slaughterhous prior expir posit decis commiss parti undertak give truste irrevoc power attornei sell slaughterhous competitor fair reason market price parti end remain period slaughter capac offer contract set recit period extend commiss reason ground applic parti request commiss parti provid truste assist inform execut sale specif task slaughterhous sold end period fair reason price truste sell slaughterhous fix minimum price competitor competitor enter agreement contract slaughter set transfer slaughterhous agreement contract slaughter termin parti truste inform commiss materi develop event month statu sale slaughterhous inform commiss plan sell slaughterhous competitor connect parti provid commiss inform commiss assess competitor satisfi condit viabl competitor latest week commiss receiv inform write commiss inform parti truste find competitor viabl competitor parti steff houlberg danish market sale fresh pork supermarket case slaughterhous sold propos competitor commiss respond week parti truste free sell slaughterhous propos competitor parti undertak bui back slaughterhous sold approv commiss suppli live anim enter agreement transfer capac slaughter pig weekli denmark octob parti undertak sell purchas slaughter capac wish pig week price pig full market price price equal price parti paid pig addit dkk kilogram cover residu payment share consolid suppli farmer price equal price parti paid pig addit dkk kilogram parti respons cover cost transport pig farmer purchas dansk slagteri remov control dansk slagteri month commiss adopt posit decis parti propos vote favour resolut amend claus constitut dansk slagteri amend provis matter decid simpl major resolut valid board member section member parti steff houlberg tican accept resolut resolut increas decreas membership fee percentag warrant inflat adopt busi plan adopt yearli budget essenti equiti capit approv section member resolut pursuant claus recommend ministri agricultur fisheri member board director quot pig levi reserv quot recommend appoint member extern board director dansk slagteri recommend appoint board member appoint member independ act compani resolut signific financi commerci implic section member block month parti sole section member common member put forward propos entitl submit matter arbitr parti dai vote agre choic sole arbitr presid maritim commerci court copenhagen act sole arbitr arbitr give parti fair hear entitl conduct arbitr manner think fit arbitr award final section member arbitr award decid resign dansk slagteri provid notic write dai arbitr decis resign member special account ii paid entir balanc membership ceas dissolut dansk slagteri resign member share catastroph activ reserv dansk slagteri paid provid statut govern reserv parti choos resign dansk slagteri remain section member decid dai board director receiv notic resign dansk slagteri dissolv member receiv share proce liquid calcul constitut dansk slagteri liquid complet abolish nation price quotat system month commiss adopt posit decis prior decis parti remov control dansk slagteri parti undertak propos vote favour resolut amend effect start financi year claus claus constitut dansk slagteri order abolish commit parti member dansk slagteri follow common price quotat futur parti coordin price price grid immedi dansk slagteri decid amend constitut dansk slagteri supervisori board dansk slagteri effect start financi year amend quot rule govern settlement pig quot quot rule govern settlement sow quot quot rule govern settlement pig quot summaris refer quot nation quotat committe quot replac quot settlement committe quot claus delet claus word quot nation quotat quot delet claus amend quot settlement committe fix weight limit basi lean meat content object criteria settlement pig quot paragraph claus amend quot supervisori board dansk slagteri fix object basi adjust settlement pig special case qualiti collect slaughter time quot sentenc claus amend quot result deliveri take place week payment made highest member price account week notif week deliveri quot final claus amend quot deliveri pig advanc dai request slaughterhous weight rais number gram set settlement committe deliveri advanc preced week payment made highest member price account week notif week deliveri quot ess food commiss adopt posit decis parti undertak enter negoti steff houlberg tican aim reach agreement dissolut joint ownership ess food agreement entail sale part ess food owner parti term condit agre parti week commiss adopt posit decis parti submit list prospect truste invest banker invest bank similar institut quot truste quot approv steff houlberg tican steff houlberg tican approv appoint prospect truste propos parti dai receipt list steff houlberg tican dai make list altern propos truste submit list parti approv dai receipt list parti steff houlberg tican agre appoint truste parti announc appoint truste commiss truste deem approv commiss commiss respond write parti week appoint announc parti commiss parti steff houlberg tican agre appoint truste propos parti steff houlberg tican parti submit list propos parti steff houlberg tican commiss relev materi includ reason parti steff houlberg tican agre appoint truste case commiss basi materi present week appoint truste procedur appli mutati mutandi content mandat truste truste act commiss accord mandat approv commiss ensur parti effort reach agreement steff houlberg tican set recit reason propos context steff houlberg tican merg entiti turn truste ensur owner ess food time preserv ess food maintain ess food concern extent commerci viabl final evalu ess food complet recit preserv entail truste ensur merg entiti abus sole control disadvantag minor member parti provid truste assist inform includ inform volum price suppli member ess food ess food truste fulfil task parti truste inform commiss materi develop month interv dissolut joint ownership ess food sale ess food agreement owner ess food recit reach adopt posit decis commiss recit period applic merg entiti extend commiss reason ground parti undertak acquir steff houlberg tican remain share ess food expir period commiss adopt posit decis purchas price fair reason price base evalu ess food concern evalu ess food carri independ expert agre owner ess food expert act supervis truste accord mandat truste evalu part ess food evalu concern base price earn principl appli gener accept intern evalu practic evalu principl imposs appli evalu base net book set account prepar time transfer ownership expert truste provid owner agre parti steff houlberg tican opinion evalu ess food expert danish charter account evalu expert deviat evalu evalu settl final made bind court arbitr consist arbitr charter account independ unconnect owner ess food member appoint foreningen af statsautorisered revisor denmark period merg entiti acquir steff houlberg tican remain share ess food parti undertak offer discriminatori basi includ price supervis truste carri distribut sale pig meat exist product market ess food activ steff houlberg tican ess food period extend commiss reason ground request steff houlberg tican dat schaub merg entiti propos vote favour resolut amend articl associ dat schaub lead equiti dat schaub share capit septemb distribut member parti steff houlberg tican paid person liabl account credit member distribut place proport member suppli set case financi year futur increas decreas equiti year distribut person liabl account member suppli case relev fiscal year profit achiev member resign dat schaub entitl claim payment share capit par person liabl account extent intact account adopt gener meet resign share capit paid dai resign balanc person liabl account settl equal yearli instal resign payment paid yearli instal bear interest unpaid balanc equal averag interest paid dat schaub short term loan dat schaub time settl outstand amount payment member resign dat schaub purchas dat schaub machineri work tool present member slaughterhous market price determin reason object term take account relev aspect includ intellectu properti right connect machineri work tool evalu carri expert account member appoint foreningen af statsautorisered revisor denmark daka commiss adopt posit decis parti invit parti bui suffici share parti ownership daka parti transfer share accept parti subscrib share daka parti side lose sole control daka side slaughterhous sharehold maintain major vote daka gener assembl parti context parti unconnect independ parti week commiss adopt posit decis parti appoint independ truste experienc slaughterhous industri truste act commiss ensur parti ownership daka reduc servic level chang price set system raw materi disadvantag competitor parti ensur parti effort transfer suffici share ownership truste deem approv commiss commiss respond write parti week appoint announc commiss truste exercis vote parti vote board director gener assembl daka extent depriv parti sole control daka parti provid truste assist inform exercis task parti truste inform commiss write materi develop month interv transfer suffici share parti ownership daka place commiss adopt posit decis parti give truste irrevoc power attornei transfer suffici share ownership parti term condit fair reason commiss adopt posit decis applic merg entiti period extend commiss reason ground truste transfer suffici share ownership daka time limit set recit truste sell suffici share parti ownership obtain term condit transfer conclud expir time limit set recit end period minimum price parti truste inform commiss plan transfer suffici share ownership daka parti parti truste provid commiss inform propos purchas share daka order commiss assess propos purchas satisfi criteria independ viabil capit manag experi commiss latest week inform receiv write inform parti truste commiss find propos purchas satisfi requir independ parti case share ownership transfer propos purchas commiss respond time limit parti share ownership transfer propos parti parti truste inform commiss transfer conclud merg entiti refrain regain sole control daka long commiss satisfi parti acquir domin market posit assess commit danish market purchas live pig slaughter commit parti prevent creation domin posit danish market purchas live pig slaughter possibl member parti suppli weekli suppli subject week notic period buyer creat possibl danish foreign slaughterhous access substanti number danish origin pig set notic period month make easier farmer chang slaughterhous commiss consid oper lead foreclosur danish market purchas live pig commit remov control parti innov danish pig industri interest parti supermarket directli approach farmer propos product addit commit increas farmer choic outlet final difficult parti squeez privat slaughterhous attract proport pig danish pig product privat slaughterhous purchas privat slaughterhous potenti addit pool pig result pig free sale restrict result commit oper lead creation domin posit market purchas live pig slaughter danish market sale fresh pork supermarket commiss find commit offer parti suffici remov creation duopolist domin posit danish market fresh pork sold supermarket commiss note scope price competit abolit pig quotat system give cooper slaughterhous flexibl price farmer sourc raw materi futur sourc competit cooper slaughterhous market transpar due abolit pig quotat system dissolut ownership ess food opportun leav dat schaub remov structur link parti steff houlberg note result steff houlberg depend parti commiss awar steff houlberg develop altern sale channel dissolut ownership ess food order sustain invest need develop sale channel maintain steff houlberg viabl competitor import dissolut ownership ess food detriment steff houlberg commiss find procedur set commit suffici safeguard steff houlberg commiss approv mandat truste scope differ cost structur steff houlberg parti due increas flexibl input price fact futur steff houlberg sell channel parti final commit contract kill sell slaughter capac competitor make strengthen altern supplier market suffici creat import altern parti steff houlberg respect note loosen suppli oblig upstream market live pig contribut secur raw materi suppli altern market loosen take effect parti suppli live anim slaughter conclus commiss consid increas scope price competit decreas transpar price market remov structur link parti steff houlberg increas scope differ cost structur strengthen altern market provid slaughter capac combin loosen suppli oblig farmer suffici remov creation duopolist domin posit result oper market danish market high risk abattoir product commit parti acquir sole control daka creation domin posit market xi conclus reason commiss conclus notifi concentr modifi commit creat domin posit danish market purchas live pig slaughter fresh pork sold supermarket abattoir product result effect competit significantli imped common market substanti part oper condit commit adher compat common market function eea agreement adopt decis articl subject full complianc commit set recit concentr notifi parti octob relat merger slagteriselskabet danish crown amba vestjysk slagteri acquisit control slagteriselskabet danish crown amba vestjysk slagteri daka dansk andelsslagteri tarmsalg schaub amp slagteriern fællesindkøbsforen scan hide declar compat common market function eea agreement articl decis address slagteriselskabet danish crown amba marsvei dk rander vestjysk slagteri havnevei dk struer brussel march commiss karel van miert member commiss oj corrigendum oj oj oj danish crown europ largest pig slaughterhous vestjysk slagteri largest pig slaughterhous europ member dansk slagteri associ consist danish crown vestjysk slagteri steff houlberg tican appoint member board remain appoint basi number vote held member vote calcul basi share capit account calcul respect purchas previou year remain calcul turnov calcul accord articl merger regul commiss notic calcul turnov oj extent figur includ turnov period januari calcul basi averag ecu exchang rate translat eur basi case iv nestlé perrier oj part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk number estim dansk slagteri base investig market activ largest associ butcher estim total number danish butcher part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk separ butcher market concentr rais concern gfk household panel data farmer account pork sale beef small quantiti account bulk call quot slaughter parcel quot parti activ market concentr rais concern danish competit council reach conclus decis march upheld appeal instanc februari parti veterinari regul salmonella make export sweden difficult rule easier overcom danish quot salmonella level quot approach swedish quot level quot veterinari restrict import limit time parti observ bridg sweden denmark make easi transport pig sweden compani swedish meat account approxim pig slaughter sweden state hear bui danish pig suppli slaughter pig privat slaughterhous includ figur total danish slaughter pig product percentag figur preced quot quot differ week april price peak germani netherland consequ dutch swine fever context note german bundeskartellamt conclud prohibit decis moksel südfleisch august relev geograph market region germani cooper slaughter cattl danish origin note cattl slaughter cooper slaughterhous suppli member note negoti parti nv ox acquisit nv ox parti investig commiss confirm figur consequ danish cattl sector main focu milk product meat product result tender meat export total remain slaughter pig slaughter quot privat quot slaughterhous authoris export meat export slaughterhous slaughter slaughter pig slaughter pig cooper danish crown receiv pig deliveri member year quantiti minim million base data submit parti individu compani share includ market share pre merger compani year period parti interest remaind suppli purchas live cattl market fact slaughterhous market share public slaughterhous major farmer chang polici cooper commiss investig concern rais parti bui high qualiti danish cattl foreclos access raw materi commiss consid realist view fact foreign beef altern danish fresh beef market import fresh beef constrain parti price polici danish farmer live cattl estim consid reason basi total sale danish slaughterhous channel indic level import supermarket cater commiss approach individu supermarket belong quot central bui quot organis unabl amount pork sold shop segment omit figur sale danish slaughterhous respond wholesal shop includ report regard specif doubt express parti commiss confirm sale edeka aldi includ report sale commiss investig confirm sale fdb larger estim buyer sale organis includ independ cooper retail part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk put simpl term cut meat matter cut specif cut piec cut danish specif chang composit quot product quot requir optimis sale mix possibl schedul cut line type pig slaughter parti dansk supermarket possibl volum born commiss investig countrywid action germani netherland aim reduc salmonella germani region test project netherland voluntari programm slaughterhous point commiss notic definit relev market purpos commun competit law oj activ undertaken state aid statutori product levi slaughter pig produc denmark manag dansk slagteri figur illustr steff houlberg incent compet vigor danish market steff houlberg lose proportion parti price competit render compani denmark market share compani exclus take fresh poultri wast product altern suppli daka part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk march parti submit clarif origin submit commit part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk combin danish foreign slaughterhous wholesal supermarket compani activ meat industri part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk part text edit ensur confidenti inform disclos part enclos squar bracket mark asterisk equal million pig year equal approxim raw materi suppli danish market sale fresh pork supermarket annex sale fresh pork final consumpt gt tabl gt sale slaughterhous includ direct sale sale wholesal