commiss decis decemb relat proceed articl eec treati iv gema statut german text authent eec commiss european commun regard treati establish european econom commun articl thereof regard council regul februari articl thereof regard applic made novemb gesellschaft für musikalisch aufführung und mechanisch vervielfältigungsrecht gema berlin neg clearanc amend statut septemb regard public summari notif pursuant articl regul offici journal european commun march regard opinion advisori committe restrict practic domin posit deliv novemb accord articl regul fact gema activ object membership gesellschaft für musikalisch aufführung und mechanisch vervielfältigungsrecht hereinaft refer quot gema quot main establish berlin econom associ constitut german law purpos protect author administ right gema administ truste view exploit copyright music cinematograph work assign member parti hereinaft refer quot beneficiari quot right assign mean special contract contract assign detail scope natur administr assign limit year type exploit reproduc work put circul commun public protect administr assign gema exclus currenc contract gema entitl author perform radio televis broadcast exploit work supervis actual exploit collect royalti agre user prohibit exploit avail right compos librettist music publish beneficiari mean contract assign music publish special posit respect librettist compos author creator music work basi exploit right assign author reproduc put music work circul work publish fulfil role intermediari interest run counter author compos librettist practic conflict interest detriment author weaker econom posit repertoir administ gema consist work beneficiari gema administ feder republ germani repertoir foreign collect societi member offer virtual worldwid music repertoir feder republ oj administr right respect user order administ right assign gema conclud exploit contract user radio televis compani sound record manufactur theatr orchestra discothequ author specif agre form exploit work broadcast perform reproduct visual sound record return payment royalti charg user made individu flat rate basi articl german gesetz über die wahrnehmung von urheberrechten und verwandten schutzrechten act protect copyright relat right hereinaft refer quot wahrnehmungsgesetz quot gema oblig grant exploit right person requir relat user gema allow object reason depart charg connect collect contract group user associ discothequ gema agre reduct charg royalti user pai base calcul method depend type exploit case perform broadcast right work music heard public mean person perform commun public mean technic equip screen loudspeak perform right make work music access public air mean radio televis broadcast right royalti paid flat rate basi type music light danc actual protect work perform broadcast bear amount paid royalti type perform radio televis broadcast durat decis factor case right mechan reproduct make sound record piec music manufactur number record royalti charg principl calcul accord number copi manufactur sold manufactur pai royalti gema unsold record record tape distribut beneficiari royalti collect deduct cost charg gema distribut royalti payment beneficiari annual perform broadcast right base calcul sum paid gema author publish type music light danc number perform frequenc perform durat broadcast individu work frequent perform longer broadcast greater sum paid beneficiari purpos gema determin accur time long beneficiari individu work perform plai calcul sum distribut individu author publish mechan reproduct right calcul basi sale proce gema take view frequenc perform plai time sale proce provid fair yardstick distribut royalti payment collect long run royalti due depend favour public bestow work gema calcul share royalti work member foreign collect societi member transfer relev amount foreign societi payment member part gema receiv royalti payment foreign societi gema member work accord calcul method emploi foreign societi intern organ gema main featur gema intern organ procedur calcul distribut royalti payment collect gema revenu laid statut distribut scheme statu lai gema place establish object natur protect provid right oblig societi manag bodi member meet supervisori board manag board establish arbitr tribun disput gema member arbitr tribun jurisdict disput interpret statut distribut scheme legal valid gema decis measur manag board tribun made chairman arbitr appoint parti arbitr member gema manag board member gema supervisori board relationship econom depend gema plaintiff bring action ordinari court arbitr tribun gema revenu distribut accord distribut scheme outlin gener principl form part statut ii legal supervis gema feder republ gema collect societi administ copyright music capac activ monitor german patent offic agreement feder cartel offic event infring gema oblig withdraw author carri busi virtu articl provis german gesetz gegen wettbewerbsbeschränkungen gwb restrict trade practic act provis restrict agreement decis appli collect societi gema agreement decis case notifi patent offic collect societi abus posit market feder cartel offic action prohibit measur gema declar agreement decis null void supervis abus iii amend statut word addit provis gema appli neg clearanc fail exempt addit provis statut word quot articl right administ associ assign conclus special agreement contract assign defin scope right administ contract assign stipul beneficiari refrain make grant directli indirectli share revenu parti enter collect agreement gema collect societi parti gema repertoir favour unjustifi work beneficiari quot reason addit provis main ground amend statut gema put forward outlin initi posit collect societi distribut fund receiv basi sale proce frequenc perform plai time face problem find effect prevent member manipul sale figur frequenc perform plai time detriment member author publish attempt increas share royalti influenc user disregard public tast long run decis yardstick exploit work difficult exert kind direct influenc case mechan reproduct public partial reflect sale figur beneficiari receiv share royalti basi sale proce easi manipul frequenc perform plai time radio televis broadcast case direct person perform occas public tast direct effect frequenc durat exploit radio televis broadcast plai piec music longer usual public frequenc perform plai time influenc beneficiari receiv greater share amount distribut detriment member gema societi case manipul occur manipul stem contact user instanc braodcast compani braodcast compani virtual determin pai gema frequent plai work preferenti treatment greater amount royalti paid gema member work greater amount return broadcast compani lump sum paid royalti gema tantamount broadcast compani liabl royalti copyright law quot help quot fund collect gema practic quot help oneself quot detriment member gema collect societi contact work favour time collect societi tackl addit problem quot commerci exploit potenti quot numer work offer collect societi econom power user select work view econom potenti make work manufactur copi record manufactur braodcast work radio televis depend payment compens copyright holder beneficiari user practic gema member willing enter agreement depend user econom superior readi access form exploit import gema member manufactur process broadcast instal object amend amend put stop user preferenti exploit piec music preferenti treatment depend sole direct indirect share user amount royalti paid gema member beneficiari provis statut provent user commerci exploit potenti make copyright holder pai royalti user vice versa pervert protect copyright grant share revenu prohibit provis enabl user manipul beneficiari precis preferenti treatment associ exploit share revenu user evad uniform establish gema long run pai substanti copyright royalti work broadcast compani broadcast time necessarili limit preferenti select work limit access member gema societi potenti exploit part broadcast time favour work broadcast compani select base endeavour reduc royalti payment gema object criteria qualiti work public tast amend statut serv prevent occurr preferenti treatment quot unjustifi quot user directli indirectli intermediari subsidiari share gema member royalti work share grant action perform user liabl pai royalti directli gema connect work subject royalti payment share revenu royalti essenti featur quot unjustifi preferenti treatment quot addit grant share gema member revenu parti collect agreement preferenti treatment link specif object user share beneficiari revenu pursuant compani law provis preferenti exploit se fall scope provis addit provis appli parti collect agreement discrimin direct specif user radio compani specif undertak iv object parti public notic gema statut undertak submit observ pursuant articl regul main argument submit jointli undertak outlin addit provis limit beneficiari freedom exploit music work beneficiari interest work promot music publish hous broadcast compani joint publish agreement express decis freeli beneficiari face competit potenti form exploit provis hamper user econom activ restrict commerci broadcast compani potenti public privat sector undertak depend nowadai public music take form broadcast radio televis broadcast serv purpos decis come artist type programm exploit work royalti due public broadcast entitl fee joint publish agreement fee provid share success work success reflect gema distribut royalti revenu beneficiari gema charg music user uniform gema prevent individu member compet member publish promot exploit work mean discount contribut expens legal assess articl regul applic undertak associ undertak concern commiss certifi basi fact possess ground articl articl treati action part respect agreement decis practic applic articl articl eec treati prohibit incompat common market abus undertak domin posit common market substanti part affect trade member state articl treati abus presum gema undertak occupi domin market posit mean amend statu impos directli indirectli unfair trade condit member parti case law court justic statut collect societi judgment march case brt ii ecr refer apprais quot unfair collect societi quot statut court justic european commun rule investig collect societi statut take account relev interest balanc ensur maximum freedom librettist compos publish dispos work hereinaft refer quot freedom dispos quot effect manag right collect societi hereinaft refer quot oper interest quot case court state determin circumst statut constitut abus mean articl account fact collect societi associ object protect right interest individu member major exploit distributor music materi radio broadcast bodi record manufactur reason brt ii judgment court recogn collect societi enjoi posit influenc oper scale requir protect effect copyright holder right interest infer brt ii case examin collect societi statut light treati competit rule decis factor exce limit absolut effect protect indispens test limit individu copyright holder freedom dispos work equiti reconcil gema oper interest collect societi freedom dispos oper interest account conflict interest copyright holder beneficiari user weaker econom posit form collect societi point mr advoc gener mayra opinion februari brt ii case ecr exploit music materi record manufactur public author privat compani concern radio televis broadcast occupi strong posit market enabl complet control author compos requir assign work success exploit profit quot refer quot danger situat quot collect societi ensur quot protect quot decis june relat gema oj commiss recogn joint copyright protect collect societi counterbal user market strength collect societi membership relat commun public braodcast right copyright holder power user music demand side listen exert limit influenc user collect societi copyright holder obtain fair compens due intellectu labour basi effect activ part gema collect administr copyright purpos joint exploit respect user indispens gema joint uniform control right assign collect uniform approach administr right import connect exploit charg laid gema supervis state gema ensur charg appli uniformli evad beneficiari user joint implement exploit term import gema membership includ user music guis publish interest coincid manufactur broadcast compani hut author account dual role quot beneficiari quot quot initi user quot music publish inclin undermin gema joint approach parti import gema influenc activ parti repres user interest person econom depend principl independ respect parti signific relat determin exploit charg decis june relat gema oj commiss point conflict interest user music work author state sanction impos societi prevent ty arrang gema member user music mean elimin danger vertic integr case record manufactur subject work condit work publish publish hous control freedom dispos circumst beneficiari interest independ legal posit respect user compens exploit place beneficiari assign copyright royalti claim larg extent gema purpos joint uniform exploit trust basi forgo individu contractu relationship user fact restor balanc beneficiari user fulfil object preclud agreement beneficiari individu basi affect gema charg account contractu share part user gema member revenu royalti creat problem gema connect royalti due work plai user grant share invalid reduc benefit user charg set gema user pai gema full amount due account share author revenu substanti proport amount automat paid back inevit depress gema charg impair consist gema approach parti share revenu incent kind manipul gema prevent grant user share beneficiari revenu infring rule competit treati remain open question provis prohibit grant share object favour work unjustifi object lack provis applic gema acknowledg interest uniform determin charg provis constitut abus mean articl current form quot indispens quot quot excess quot inequit indispens equiti scrutini practic gema endeavour prevent crucial question provis exce bound indispens effect administr copyright excess explain concept quot favour unjustifi quot provis refer gema exce bound necess want induc user withhold preferenti treatment individu member work treat complet inconsist user select music work numer work offer similarli gema entitl prevent beneficiari pai user public distinguish promot sale copi work paid advertis gema concept quot favour unjustifi quot treatment occur user influenc frequenc perform length plai time order reduc amount royalti pai gema manipul make exploit work subject recept share beneficiari royalti work commerci exploit potenti manipul account copyright holder join gema result assign right truste basi law beneficiari longer opportun author exploit work higher lower fee rate agre gema user imposs law individu beneficiari exert direct influenc compens paid work wahrnehmungsgesetz collect societi gema oblig ensur similar case dealt user pai amount royalti plai similar work music beneficiari receiv share royalti revenu proportion exploit work provis preclud manipul broadcast time frequenc perform place restrict condit grant share royalti gema distribut beneficiari make imposs user end pai exploit gema repertoir agre gema addit provis prevent evas user contract conclud interest gema member evas detriment beneficiari agre user unjustifi preferenti treatment work revenu flat rate royalti paid user distribut beneficiari basi broadcast time frequenc perform accord distribut scheme unjustifi preferenti treatment individu work appreci loss earn beneficiari provis prevent consequ exce bound indispens protect beneficiari interest commerci exploit potenti principl common copyright law member state user pai royalti copyright holder exploit work royalti payment repres author quot salari quot intellectu creativ labour commerci exploit potenti user make copyright holder pai exploit liabl royalti pervers payment rational copyright law case arrang base individu contract user copyright holder assign right collect societi admiss remain open question context rate regard inequit collect societi prevent pervers copyright law behalf member longer opportun law influenc amount royalti payment addit provis safeguard spirit copyright law object rais provis imped law paid advertis work long public recogn paid beneficiari public mean exploit caught provis cover case user exploit work make beneficiari grant share royalti gener appar exploit fact advertis prohibit abus provis infring prohibit abus provis gema restrict prohibit beneficiari grant share royalti revenu user purpos favour work beneficiari case grant share preferenti treatment directli link specif object mere fact particip pursuant compani law exist joint publish agreement beneficiari parti collect agreement caught provis gema wish prevent contact user seek exploit work frequent take account public tast qualit criteria share royalti collect gema help restrict gema protect membership provis mean excess effect prevent practic abus domin posit mean articl applic articl question agreement statut caught prohibit articl eec treati exempt articl decid individu case concern addit provis statut object effect normal activ purpos copyright collect societi agreement statut ensur proper enforc copyright gema prevent indirect influenc work beneficiari proceed concern judg amend statut global agreement statut intern rule gema supervis gema conduct beneficiari appeal arbitr tribun ordinari civil court respect applic interpret provis german patent offic monitor gema activ feder cartel offic respons supervis abus misappl provis lead proceed commiss treati competit rule suffici provis view word gema interpret caught articl eec treati lawfulli appli discrimin adopt decis articl basi fact possess commiss ground action articl treati establish european econom commun respect articl statut gesellschaft für musikalisch aufführung und mechanisch vervielfältigungsrecht septemb articl decis address gesellschaft für musikalisch aufführung und mechanisch vervielfältigungsrecht gema berlin bayreuth straße brussel decemb commiss fran andriessen member commiss