commiss decis decemb relat proceed pursuant articl ec treati iv eastern freight confer danish german english french italian dutch text authent text eea relev ec commiss european commun regard treati establish european commun regard council regul eec juli appli rule competit transport rail road inland waterwai amend act access greec articl thereof regard council regul eec decemb lai detail rule applic articl treati maritim transport articl thereof regard complaint lodg pursuant articl regul eec regard commiss decis decemb initi proceed case undertak concern opportun make view object rais commiss present comment accord articl regul eec commiss regul eec august hear provid articl council regul eec juli consult advisori committe restrict practic domin posit transport industri novemb fact complaint april commiss receiv complaint bundesverband der deutschen industri bdi deutscher industri und handelstag diht bundesverband de deutschen gross und aussenhandel bga sponsor organ deutsch seeverladerkomite dsvk german shipper council price fix activ member eastern freight confer fefc relat multimod transport annex list member fefc commiss inform novemb lloyd triestino ceas member fefc januari croatia line ceas member fefc complain list element make door door multimod transport servic inland transport port cargo handl port transfer mode inland transport vessel sea transport maritim transport port cargo handl port destin transfer vessel mode inland transport inland transport port destin place final destin bdi dsvk complain block exempt liner confer contain articl regul eec cover element sea transport member fefc agre price sea transport inland transport cargo handl oper complain argu scope regul eec intern maritim transport servic commun port tramp vessel servic articl regul scope block exempt contain articl thereof wider scope regul opinion applic regul regul eec articl prohibit restrict practic includ price fix grant exempt type price fix respect inland transport member fefc engag complain request commiss action order put end price fix activ fefc relat provis inland transport servic ii parti parti decis address member individu liner confer includ umbrella eastern freight confer maritim transport servic provid fall geograph scope eastbound port unit kingdom ireland norwai sweden finland denmark germani holland belgium franc english channel atlant coast iceland poland port malaysia singapor thailand hong kong japan taiwan republ korea democrat peopl republ korea peopl republ china tranship macau indonesia tranship democrat kampuchea vietnam lao myanmar brunei philippin westbound port malaysia singapor thailand hong kong japan taiwan republ korea democrat peopl republ korea peopl republ china tranship macau indonesia tranship democrat kampuchea vietnam lao myanmar brunei philippin port europ black sea port ci port european port mediterranean sea isra port moroccan port atlant ocean iii servic question servic geograph market servic offer member fefc maritim transport servic port handl servic inland transport servic servic principl option shipper decid inland transport servic offer member fefc carrier haulag offer inland haulier freight forward merchant haulag point decis call question fact member fefc permit pursuant articl regul eec oper common uniform rate provis liner maritim transport servic decis address question price fix agreement relat port handl servic fall scope applic articl regul eec servic decis relat inland transport servic provid territori european commun shipper part multimod transport oper carriag container cargo northern europ east ship line member fefc present purpos geograph market suppli servic question inland carriag contain undertaken behalf member fefc port oper countri list paragraph inland point serv port ii provis inland transport servic shipown tradition shipper offer transport mode mode basi transport provid provid mode transport charg cargo receiv board ship account shipper maritim transport servic gener contract inland servic meant rule shipper undertook organ initi inland segment journei deliveri ship rail obtain road rail transport turn freight forward shipper consigne likewis countri destin container form unit brought cargo handl revolut contain made easier transfer mode transport facilit load unload oper encourag liner ship compani involv mode transport begin offer door door servic ad inland servic maritim servic cargo handl revolut complic question attribut liabil damag cargo frequent discov contain open place destin reason shipper favour door door transport carri multimod transport oper ship line solv question liabil unit cargo consequ develop special equip main characterist multimod transport singl bill lade cover transport door door document record term contract shipper carrier clear attribut liabil set total transport cost cargo handl revolut affect mode transport liner ship affect shipper shipown intermediari freight forward develop widespread multimod transport direct competit ship line organ part multimod transport servic inland carriag behalf ship line carrier haulag inland carriag arrang shipper freight forward act behalf shipper merchant haulag choic merchant haulag carrier haulag left open shipper term expert report prepar fefc present commiss administr proceed case option carrier haulag prefer option avail merchant haulag number import aspect back earli dai container confer offer transport servic late earli carri vast major liner cargo respect rout domin posit import shipper ask support servic abus posit addit confer move commerci field inland transport import servic offer condit attract custom expand idea integr distribut servic includ offer reason rate carrier haulag import shipper retain option carri continu arrang merchant haulag wish import point concern foreign exchang cost import good incur foreign exchang cost bui abroad includ sea freight cost convent system local inland transport cost paid nation currenc trader nation govern expect object system result incorpor local movement unifi tariff system inland cost transfer foreign currenc separ inland tariff import leg invoic separ paid local currenc disturb physic commerci transport attribut journei bill lade aspect concern posit fob buyer import larg power choos nomin ocean carrier nation line countri choos carrier sea leg journei influenc inland leg countri interest export move good port exit export countri leav determin merchant haulag arrang transport oper carrier haulag fob bui neutral respect choic carrier merchant haulag end rout separ inland tariff make option oblig attach group exempt liner confer shipper freedom choic respect carri inland haulag oblig contain articl regul eec transport user entitl approach undertak choic respect inland transport oper quaysid servic cover freight charg charg ship line transport user agre shipper choos carrier haulag transport contain point origin ship rail physic carri ship line concern undertak ship line concern plan track contain inland journei carri ship line transport servic subcontract independ road rail oper shipown small number maritim compani set land transport subsidiari case fefc price paid shipper inland movement negoti ship line land transport undertak subcontract task rate appear confer inland tariff tariff reflect charg inland activ undertaken shipper behalf member fefc customarili inland rate calcul local currenc countri inland haulag take place dollar currenc commonli calcul sea rate merchant haulag hand undertaken varieti wai shipper carri inland transport deliv contain termin oper load vessel deal paperwork contract directli ship line maritim leg servic freight forward road haulier railwai compani freight forward offer varieti servic rang prepar document book cargo space vessel act fulli fledg vessel oper multimod transport oper nvo mto case freight forward offer servic liner ship compani offer multimod servic oper vessel charter slot vessel oper carrier increas competit freight forward liner ship compani advent container mark featur industri larg part brought exist excess vessel capac line dispos freight forward favour rate freight forward oper inland transport servic subcontract servic vessel oper multimod transport oper freight forward plai import role respect consolid transport smaller shipment contain load full contain load parti argu repli statement object oral hear product fefc line provid inland transport product port port product commonli transport product parti point offer land transport servic suppli maritim transport servic termin handl servic clear door door transport shipper free choos merchant haulag carrier haulag paragraph make choic account number factor includ price price carrier haulag quot tariff separ price servic quot currenc physic technic characterist type haulag function interchang shipper uninterest question ship line suppli carrier haulag servic part transport multi modal servic choos substitut product respect fefc line suppli shipper inland transport product analysi born fact parti emphas competit natur carrier haulag merchant haulag price fefc shipper fefc member maritim transport contain carrier haulag proport vari time time countri countri gilman graham state paragraph report carrier haulag offer confer line remain broadli competit term combin servic qualiti price independ line merchant haulag respons sale type haulag price high demonstr demand substitut high parti argu pressur merchant haulag inland transport rate agre framework fefc tend effici member iii competit condit provis inland transport servic fefc tariff maritim transport servic set rate product basi relat rang tariff consider narrow rang commod valu word freight rate higher high commod low commod hand inland rate quot commod vari content contain variat encount depend contain foot equival unit teu foot equival unit feu exempt agreement small medium size transport undertak group exempt price fix inland carrier grant pursuant regul eec competit permit mainten differenti discriminatori rate case impos nation regul railwai rate rate abandon competit road transport iv inland activ member fefc collect fix price condit carrier haulag inland transport activ directli indirectli organ medium fefc member line fefc negoti individu term condit bui inland transport member line fefc invest inland transport infrastructur depot equip tractor notabl amp inland depot unit kingdom carrier own road haulag compani nedlloyd maersk made consider invest contain logist control system maritim transport servic line provid inland transport servic fefc share liner trade rout geograph scope fefc share trade move inland carrier haulag carrier haulag northern europ member line fefc account teu approxim weight ton approxim carri wholli part territori european commun commiss analys data suppli largest member fefc order assess import inland transport oper relat cost provid multimod transport servic tabl set averag cost structur north europ east trade sea inland termin sale line data analys cost suppli inland transport servic amount ecu exchang rate august addit direct inland transport cost figur inland transport cost includ capit cost contain land typic contain manag contain land cost provid contain yard direct inland transport cost account total cost part figur termin sale cost apport cost suppli inland transport servic termin cost includ cost haul contain port sale cost includ cost sell carrier haulag servic cost includ administr cost iv agreement eastern freight confer seri liner ship confer secretariat unit kingdom area offic hong kong korea tokyo singapor pari rotterdam ship line member fefc agre tariff matter agre condit entri fefc tariff contain document entitl nt introduc effect januari document set gener term condit carriag includ payment term nt set rate servic provid member fefc includ rate maritim transport inland transport termin handl charg respect charg rate state member line charg cost incur provid servic confer price fix maritim transport tariff extend inland rate fefc gener manner outset container nt reflect set tariff part concern inland transport compon door dor transport oper inland transport countri origin destin legal assess articl member ship line fefc undertak mean articl treati price fix role inland transport servic suppli territori commun shipper combin servic part multimod transport oper carriag container cargo northern europ east ship line member fefc carrier haulag servic set nt constitut agreement undertak fall scope applic articl restrict prevent distort competit agreement directli indirectli fix sell price trade condit specif refer restrict competit articl european court justic held subject price competit function price competit price lowest level encourag movement good member state permit effici distribut activ matter product capac undertak adapt chang wait observ concret effect agreement appear object prevent restrict distort competit present case restrict competit member fefc regard price inland leg multimod transport oper appreci larg number contain consequ cost involv paragraph ii effect trade member state case law court test effect trade member state met forese suffici degre probabl basi set object factor law fact agreement concert practic question influenc direct indirect actual potenti pattern trade good servic member state commiss consid agreement member fefc fix price carrier haulag servic capabl appreci affect appreci affect trade member state wai servic frequent involv carriag good member state agreement involv ship line oper member state restrict competit line respect price offer transport servic involv element inland carriag elimin restricton price competit inland transport servic compani reduc significantli advantag accru effici affect number multimod transport oper undertaken ship line expect absenc agreement restrict competit shipown oper member state influenc alter trade flow transport servic commun absenc agreement normal pattern competit behaviour effici compani enjoi increas market share influenc competit port member state artifici increas decreas volum cargo flow market share ship line oper port system port equal increas decreas cargo flow port system carrier haulag rate base transport nearest confer approv port actual port load unload system bring capac made port turn deflect trade point europ port northern europ port port capabl affect trade member state effect suppli carrier haulag servic preced paragraph repercuss suppli servic ancillari suppli maritim transport carrier haulag servic servic includ port servic stevedor servic effect servic princip brought alter flow transport servic member state commiss consid agreement affect trade member state relat suppli carrier haulag servic suppli servic ancillari suppli carrier haulag servic effect appreci view larg number contain involv agreement agreement member fefc respect price inland transport effect cost export countri good produc commun affect trade good commun effect aris fact manufactur seek find altern market cost transport good lower altern market includ manufactur domest market commun countri commiss consid price fix activ member fefc relat inland transport effect trade good member state ii procedur regul fefc argu price fix activ includ relat inland transport servic cover articl regul eec grant group exempt liner confer reason set decis commiss regul eec applic regul purpos examin complaint examin complaint practic relat provis regul eec articl regul eec set scope regul state appli agreement decis concert practic abus domin posit field transport rail road inland waterwai carrier haulag transport contain rail road inland waterwai combin mode transport behalf ship line combin servic part multimod transport oper agreement decis relat practic type regul concern carrier haulag fall scope regul reason set commiss consid price fix activ decis relat inland transport servic suppli territori european commun shipper combin servic part multimod transport oper carriag container cargo northern europ east ship line member fefc fall scope regul eec regul eec iii regul eec relationship regul eec articl ec treati regul eec appli rule competit transport rail road inland waterwai regul implement competit rule transport sector adopt court justic express confirm competit rule contain treati appli transport sector regul eec reproduc variat text articl treati part commun secondari legisl regul eec derog provis treati regul eec intepret light case law court provid commiss mean enforc articl treati inland transport deviat basic competit rule contain treati agreement compli articl exempt pursuant regul eec articl regul eec interpret articl light case law constru ad ii articl regul eec articl regul eec base reflect articl treati depart substant content articl comment made paragraph applic articl appli equal applic articl regul eec articl regul eec agreement undertak decis associ undertak concert practic liabl affect trade member state object effect prevent restrict distort competit common market includ inter alia directli indirectli fix transport rate condit prohibit incompat common market prior decis effect requir reason set paragraph light comment made paragraph agreement member fefc respect price charg carrier haulag servic inland tariff provid combin servic part multimod transport servic agreement fall prohibit contain articl regul eec iii articl regul eec agreement member fefc price carrier haulag servic fall except technic agreement contain articl regul eec articl regul eec declaratori list number kind agreement fall scope articl treati sole object sole effect achiev technic improv technic cooper agreement made competitor price servic offer commerci agreement sole object sole effect appli technic improv achiev technic cooper articl refer exclus success complementari substitut combin transport oper inland mode inland transport sea transport scope regul eec transport rail road inland waterwai mean except appli transport oper question perform wholli inland iv articl regul eec exempt group small medium size undertak contain articl regul eec applic reason firstli member fefc part carri carri inland transport activ purpos indent articl regul member fefc purpos indent articl regul eec provid inland transport servic financ acquir joint basi inland transport equip suppli thirdli threshold articl satisfi hand fefc member carri capac fulfil condit hand hire subcontract capac account joint capac fefc member exce limit paragraph teu weight ton transport behalf fefc member iv regul eec articl regul eec member fefc argu multimod transport fall scope applic regul eec articl regul entitl exempt agreement carrier oper schedul maritim transport servic exempt price fix inland transport servic provid combin servic part multimod transport oper commiss accept argument reason scope exempt contain articl regul eec wider scope regul eec articl regul appli intern maritim transport servic commun port emphasi ad clear word inland transport includ inland leg multimod transport servic fall scope applic regul cover group exempt contain articl event group exempt contain articl restrict port port oper shown refer maritim transport titl exempt agreement carrier oper schedul maritim transport servic conclus word recit regul eec state respect user time posit acquaint rate condit carriag appli member confer case inland transport organ carrier continu subject regul eec emphasi ad oral hear case suggest counsel fefc recit regul eec intend address question confer act collect buyer inland transport servic cover group exempt make clear activ fall scope regul eec recit overrid clear word articl regul addit interpret recit accept make sens suggest shipper posit acquaint rate condit carriag appli member confer ship line act cartel purchas inland transport servic contrari articl regul eec interpret impos formal requir member confer make term condit includ term carrier haulag purpos transpar view fact price charg individu ship line inland transport servic permit confer set price price appar confer tariff regul eec suggest confer collect negoti purchas inland transport servic cover group exempt word articl regul clear respect fix rate condit carriag refer set sell price negoti bui price kind transport conclus fulli support fact time consult lead adopt regul eec european parliament propos addit word articl draft regul propos commiss aforesaid exempt appli quot intermod transport quot maritim transport includ transport port propos amend adopt council indic intent council price fix agreement inland transport servic cover group exempt contain articl council regul eec provid satisfi condit set articl regul eec condit articl parti arrang grant individu exempt commiss pursuant articl articl regul eec ii articl regul eec argument put forward fefc effect articl regul eec indic multimod transport organ liner confer fall scope regul eec extens scope group exempt contain articl argument found aris misunderstand part fefc natur oblig contain articl provis interpret refer confer tariff term offer individu ship line interpret impli price fix inland transport servic suppli combin servic part multimod transport servic permit pursuant articl regul provis simpli express oblig individu ship line benefit group exempt merchant haulag publish individu term condit carrier haulag articl oblig head articl recit regul make clear oblig attach group exempt express impli extens group exempt contain articl iii articl regul eec fefc argu statement made commiss note minut council time adopt regul eec lead conclus price fix multimod transport fall scope regul eec fefc confus question group exempt liner confer statement applic commun competit rule individu ship line statement commiss expressli refer technic except pursuant articl regul eec articl regul eec statement refer question group exempt conform regul appli case multimod sea land oper regul eec maritim segment regul eec inland segment statement relat agreement individu sea carrier individu inland carrier collect price fix agreement competitor inland sea rate commerci restrict arrang sole object sole effect achiev technic improv technic cooper mean articl regul eec articl regul eec agreement gener rule restrict competit inter alia seventh recit regul eec fall except technic agreement possibl individu exempt applic individu exempt made respect price fix member fefc carrier haulag servic suppli combin servic part multimod transport servic view commiss oblig pursuant articl regul eec issu decis appli articl regul act complaint receiv initi conclud agreement decis concert practic satisfi provis articl articl regul assess condit articl met present case commiss set paragraph reason articl regul eec applic present case set assess applic articl regul carri assess commiss distinguish argument member fefc merit multimod transport gener necess confer inland rate fix provis multimod transport servic necess confer inland rate fix preserv confer system member fefc submit extens argument merit multimod transport benefit flow multimod transport commiss disput benefit decis concern price fix commiss consid main theme fefc possibl individu exempt articl regul eec provis model essenti provis articl treati cumul satisfi commiss grant individu exempt equival provis articl regul eec condit articl treati prohibit articl regul declar inapplic commiss agreement decis concert practic question contribut improv qualiti transport servic promot greater continu stabil satisfact transport market suppli demand subject consider tempor fluctuat increas product undertak further technic econom progress time take fair account interest transport user fourth condit articl intent purpos reproduc part articl regul eec reason commiss price fix practic fefc regard inland transport fulfil condit set part articl regul eec contribut object relat provis land transport servic relat provis maritim transport servic contribut object commiss condit set part articl fulfil practic question involv restrict competit indispens attain object improv qualiti transport servic emphas paragraph distinguish merit benefit multimod transport gener contribut price fix member fefc respect carrier haulag servic suppli part multimod transport servic alleg make improv qualiti transport servic assess applic articl regul eec concern evid charg collect agre price provis carrier haulag servic contribut improv qualiti inland transport servic respect import note discuss paragraph member fefc undertak inland carriag subcontract task inland carrier price carrier haulag establish forum fefc individu member negoti inland carrier individu basi improv qualiti servic respons demand shipper brought price fix activ confer negoti individu shipper individu line shown price fix member fefc respect carrier haulag servic contribut improv qualiti maritim transport servic provid member fefc promot continu stabil market consider tempor fluctuat question stabil market container liner ship servic discuss paragraph evid suppli member fefc show market carrier haulag servic suppli market suppli demand subject consider tempor fluctuat market question categor shown collect fix rate inland transport member fefc contribut continu stabil market increas product undertak evid suppli member fefc show confer price fix carrier haulag led lead increas product undertak concern import distinguish provis multimod transport servic price fix respect inland transport element servic actual provid inland transport servic concern price fix fefc direct bear servic provid provid sell servic member fefc prevail market rate confer set price member fefc concern engag inland haulag price fix agreement carrier haulag directli affect servic provid shown price fix member fefc respect carrier haulag servic contribu increas product member fefc regard maritim transport servic provid further technic econom progress evid furnish member fefc show price fix carrier haulag contribut further technic econom progress provis inland transport servic provis multimod transport servic fefc line argu price fix carrier haulag permit invest element transport servic undertak logist track paragraph increas certainti creat regard return invest concern argument made price fix agreement unsound encourag introduct technolog restrict competit result price fix activ member fefc discourag invest reduc competit advantag accru compani exploit invest successfulli situat aris fact reduct elimin competit member fefc regard price prevent ship line pass cost save result equip technolog custom equal fact effici line benefit effici increas market share result mean effici line invest technolog shown price fix activ member fefc regard carrier haulag contribut further technic econom progress shown price fix member fefc respect carrier haulag servic contribut further technic econom progress regard maritim transport servic provid member fair account interest user commiss opinion fefc agreement fair account interest user concern price fix inland haulag agreement member fefc price carrier haulag servic adequ account interest shipper transport user simpli serv ensur price maintain level higher directli contrari interest user individu carri reduc cost organ contain fleet effici carrier confer price fix carrier haulag servic prevent effici line pass cost save contrari interest user practic question fair account interest user commiss note complaint made bodi repres interest user inland transport servic suppli member fefc german shipper council support british shipper council french shipper council cnut main repres bodi shipper europ european shipper council freight forward repres organ clecat comité de liaison européen de commissionnair auxiliair de transport uirr union international de société de transport combiné rail rout express concern distort competit inland transport brought practic decis address present case reserv fair share benefit consum impli mainten high level competit suppli inland transport servic shipper commiss seek ensur shipper widest choic qualiti price bui inland transport servic practic reserv consum fair share benefit door door transport easili achiev absenc price fix agreement fefc indispens restrict explain paragraph restrict competit result price fix activ fefc regard carrier haulag indispens provis multimod transport servic preserv liner confer system rate fix maritim transport respect object stress member fefc part provid inland transport servic fefc undertak inland transport activ provid forum fix price carrier haulag servic provid combin servic part multimod transport servic member fefc collect price fix carrier haulag essenti provis servic demonstr fact independ carrier freight forward offer equival similar servic framework fefc confer fix price common line provis carrier haulag servic freight forward direct competit ship line provis transport servic act intermediari actual provid buyer inland transport servic freight forward provid door door servic shipper long liner ship compani longer freight forward railwai compani enjoi exempt price fix relat activ object concern fefc argu stabil role liner confer endang absenc collect inland rate fix liner confer fefc contend member set inland rate individu basi collect tempt undermin confer set maritim rate compet price regard inland rate argument support gilman graham report state inter alia integr intermod environ confer perform function stabil rate promot effici ration rate make author extend inland sector gilman graham argu primari loss maritim freight rate stabil li relationship sea freight inland transport revenu compet secur inland move carrier secur sea freight clear long spare slot vessel pai confer carrier absorb consider amount inland transport cost order obtain cargo gilman graham argu perish natur transport capac contribut tendenc price instabl point fact auspic confer system consider network ration argu competit extend broad hinterland inland mode paragraph reason commiss accept argument demonstr indispens price fix carrier haulag servic preserv maritim rate stabil achiev confer fefc note satisfi test indispens incumb parti demonstr achiev object manner restrict competit confer bring stabil trade affect fix uniform tariff serv refer point market price set remain unchang longer period time set individu line reduct price fluctuat expect competit market benefit shipper reduc uncertainti futur trade condit stabil envisag regul eec consequ effect assur shipper reliabl servic liner servic natur regular sens evenli spread timet reliabl servic reason qualiti shipper good harm price irrespect dai line chosen carri cargo reliabl suppli transport servic mainten time schedul servic provid shipper guarante servic suit fact cartel part activ ship line judg compat competit rule justif exempt activ compani argument tantamount argu member liner confer permit fix price respect servic chose provid combin maritim transport servic price competit servic undermin confer tariff maritim transport compat commun object achiev system ensur competit intern market distort accept stabil respect revenu produc activ commun competit rule justifi exempt respect price fix revenu produc activ provid combin exempt activ shown price fix carrier haulag indispens preserv stabil role confer parti argu length activ undertaken confer member subject price fix fail show essenti order preserv rate disciplin maritim leg stabil question aris restrict fefc except gener rule cartel suscept cheat secret discount time member cartel spare capac conced counsel fefc oral hear acknowledg exist author rebat servic contract loyalti arrang unauthor rebat perfectli normal consequ cartel behaviour member cartel seek maxim profit agre price maxim revenu gainig market share behaviour result degre instabl disciplin cartel cartel suffer inevit instabl due fact pai compani oper cartel fefc face degre instabl respect maritim inland tariff brought competit discount part member absolut disciplin order maintain stabil confer system bring reliabl servic price fluctuat greatli short term competit discount upset stabil envisag regul eec shown lead absenc reliabl servic stabl price period time context import note activ undertaken basi agre confer price restrict basi agreement charg cost paragraph evid suppli parti system undermin stabil excess degre commiss recogn absenc collect price fix carrier haulag servic member fefc charg shipper rate cost bui servic effect similar offer discount confer tariff maritim transport risk undermin stabil brought fefc greater extent undermin mean discount fefc maritim transport tariff competit ship line member fefc accept permit fefc fix price respect carrier haulag servic offer member contribut creation stabil establish measur restrict competit suffici impact attain object measur ensur stabil confer maritim tariff list articl regul eec includ alloc cargo revenu member confer conclus price fix carrier haulag member fefc indispens attain object claim conclus appli exist practic fefc relat price fix inland transport decis extent kind agreement relat multimod transport fulfil condit articl elimin competit substanti part market establish condit articl treati articl regul eec satisfi present case parti afford possibl elimin compoetit respect substanti part servic question conclus consider lead conclus develop multimod transport constitut mean improv transport servic collect price fix carrier haulag servic transport user obtain fair share benefit price fix carrier haulag servic restrict competit indispens condit articl articl regul eec fulfil time effort made liber deregul provis european inland transport servic incoher give rise inconsist confer grant exempt fix price inland transport servic competitor provid equival servic permit vi articl regul eec articl regul eec commiss impos undertak fine ecu ecu million sum excess thereof exceed turnov preced busi year undertak particip infring intention neglig commit infring articl articl regul eec fix amount fine commiss regard graviti durat infring assess graviti durat graviti durat infring case commiss account criteria natur infring intent parti failur parti termin infring natur servic question degre parti involv infring durat infring natur infring commiss consid gener practic aim restrict price competit matter indisput graviti fact price fix specif refer articl establish case law court justic infring question elimin price competit member fefc respect inland transport servic provid intent parti court justic rule undertak awar infring competit rule treati infring regard commit intention suffici unawar contest conduct object restrict competit commiss consid purpos member fefc elimin price competit respect inland transport servic provid unawar price fix activ relat inland transport servic object restrict competit failur parti termin infring member fefc awar complaint submit bdi dsvk commiss june possibl practic dealt decis constitut infring articl treati articl regul eec fall scope group exempt liner confer contain articl regul eec complaint spite repeat preliminari advic commiss includ letter member commiss respons competit polici chairman fefc june practic question fell scope articl benefit exempt pursuant articl parti maintain full forc effect stage subsequ notif statement object decemb parti formal notifi practic commiss individu exempt natur servic question paragraph cost suppli inland transport servic largest member fefc ecu million amount repres real term cost suppli inland transport servic line year annual servic question consider repres signific cost commun industri degre parti involv infring except wilh wilhelmsen indic individu line greater lesser involv collect decis fix price servic decis concern wilh wilhelmsen activ member fefc oper vessel rout question durat infring paragraph price fix inland transport servic fefc commenc gener manner continu effect current fefc tariff carrier haulag contain nt introduc effect januari regul eec regul applic infring question forc juli ii conclus graviti durat infring commiss consid infring question infring commun competit law signific econom impact infring take place gener manner submiss dsvk complaint commiss april parti argu practic question fall scope group exempt liner confer price fix agreement laid regul eec scope exempt possibl wider scope regul articl regul appli intern maritim transport servic commun port constru provis regul eec bear mind gener principl commun law derog group exempt constru broadli footnot commiss report council applic commun competit rule liner ship june contain clear indic commiss conclus multimod rate fix gener repres fefc wrote commiss preliminari view report august commiss consid member fefc unawar agreement fell scope articl treati awar fall scope group exempt liner confer exempt commiss consid fine case notwithstand conclus graviti durat infring commiss account fact exist practic question wide varieti reason decis practic longer adopt case commiss consid circumst commiss orient respect multimod price fix liner ship confer wide submiss report council refer ii develop commiss orient regard time achiev result prosecut case longer case member fefc penal respect addit period iii fact present decis decis appli provis regul eec member liner ship confer view commiss consid level fine case set symbol level make clear exist infring futur complianc commun competit rule undertak question undertak engag equival practic fine impos wilh wlhelmsen regard involv offenc paragraph adopt decis articl member eastern freight confer list annex infring provis articl ec treati articl regul eec agre price inland transport servic suppli territori european commun shipper combin servic part multimod transport oper carriag container cargo northern europ east articl condit articl regul eec fulfil articl member eastern freight confer list annex requir put end infring refer articl articl undertak decis address requir refrain futur agreement concert practic similar object effect agreement refer articl articl fine set impos undertak decis address respect infring provis articl ec treati articl regul eec refer articl compagni générale maritim ecu hapag lloyd aktiengesellschaft ecu croatia line ecu kawasaki kisen kaisha limit ecu lloyd triestino di navigazion spa ecu ap moeller maersk line ecu malaysian intern ship corpor berhad ecu mitsui osk line ecu nedlloyd lijnen bv ecu neptun orient line ecu nippon yusen kabushiki kaisha ecu orient oversea contain line ecu amp contain ecu articl fine impos articl paid ecu month date notif decis bank account commiss european commun banqu bruxel lambert agenc européenn rond point schumann brussel expiri period interest automat payabl fine rate charg european monetari institut transact ecu work dai month decis adopt percentag point articl decis address undertak list annex decis enforc pursuant articl ec treati brussel decemb commiss karel van miert member commiss oj special edit oj oj case confer rate make author inland sector report prepar fefc professor gilman graham juli repli statement object repli statement object pp cgm hapag lloyd line lloyd triestino maersk misc mitsui nyk oocl amp eastern freight confer europ japan amp japan europ freight confer hong kong europ freight confer philippin europ confer sabah brunei amp sarawak freight confer scope servic paragraph decis ici dyestuff case ecr paragraph grundig consten join case ecr paragraph zinc produc group commiss decis eec oj case articl applic suffici intent restrict competit intent carri full part restrict competit put effect grundig consten cite sixth recit regul eec describ effect restrict practic intern maritim transport commun port case bnic aubert ecr paragraph similarli court rule pursuant articl join case kwekerij gebroed van der kooi bv commiss dutch natur ga price ecr paragraph subsid price natur ga dutch glasshous crop produc affect trade member state import energi cost sell price market share export firm receiv state aid french seamen case ecr paragraph nouvel frontièr case ecr paragraph ahm saeed case ecr paragraph tariff structur combin transport good commiss decis eec februari oj paragraph ahm saeed footnot paragraph relat regul eec ahm saeed footnot paragraph hov svz mcn commiss decis ec march oj paragraph english languag version articl regul eec omit word sole includ origin languag version regul eec regul eec articl eec articl case automobil peugeot sa judgment april report paragraph regard gener principl prohibit agreement inhibit competit contain articl treati derog provis regul grant exempt categori interpret broadli opinion advoc gener van gerven case delim ecr point agreement cover term block exempt regul block exempt derog prohibit pursuant articl strictli interpret account extend english languag version regul eec incorrectli word shipper correct word carrier error clear reason recit make sens english languag version ii languag version regul unequivoc refer carrier transporteur maritim trasportatori marittimi seeverkehrsunternehmen amend propos council regul lai detail rule applic articl treati maritim transport oj paragraph commiss state multimod sea land transport oper subject rule competit adopt land transport laid sea transport practic applic articl rule organ execut success supplementari multimod sea land transport oper fix applic inclus rate transport oper articl regul regul eec articl regul eec state prohibit laid articl treati appli practic council doc mar annex iii report commiss council date june applic commun competit rule maritim transport state paragraph commiss wholli favour develop multimod transport modern mode transport meet specif demand shipper wish contribut develop doc sec final tariff structur footnot contribut improv product distribut good promot technic econom progress allow consum fair share result benefit articl regul eec refer shipper consigne forward transport user liner confer stabil effect assur shipper reliabl servic recit regul eec gilman graham report paragraph gilman graham report paragraph confer member agre serv limit number port interest ration detect deter cheat term central cartel problem solv difficult economist argu price fix cartel inher unstabl scherer david ross industri market structur econom perform houghton mifflin page transcript oral hear case servic contract agreement individu shipper individu ship line group ship line carriag minimum number contain provis special servic individu negoti price provid articl regul eec note made commiss statement report council maritim transport consid circumst specif cooper agreement group shipown shipown individu carrier promot suffici technic econom progress allow individu exempt set uniform inland rate commiss state report prepar grant individu exempt allow provis includ agreement confer group line benefit individu exempt member stipul inland rate tariff cost larg avoid risk destabil confer cross subsid inland maritim segment report commiss council applic commun competit rule maritim transport hov svz mcn cite paragraph case metro commiss ii ecr price competit import elimin case tippex commiss ecr annex compagni générale maritim quai galliéni suresn cedex hapag lloyd aktiengesellschaft postfach ballindamm hamburg croatia line riva rijeka republ croatia kawasaki kisen kaisha hibiya central build nishi shinbashi chome minato ku tokyo japan lloyd triestino di navigazioni spa passaggio andrea triest ap moeller maersk line esplanaden dk koebenhavn malaysian intern ship corpor berhad floor wisma misc jalan conlai po box kuala lumpur malaysia mitsui osk line toranomon chome minato ku tokyo japan nedlloyd lijnen bv boompj nl xb rotterdam neptun orient line alexandra road nol build singapor republ singapor nippon yusen kabushiki kaisha marunouchi chome chiyoda ku tokyo japan orient oversea contain line st floor harbour centr harbour rod wan chai hong kong amp contain beagl hous braham street uk london ep wilh wilhelmsen limit olav po box oslo