These  (1) direct savings from lower compliance costs, (2) process efficiency and other productivity gains, (3) environmental and health benefits not captured within normal market transactions, and (4) spillovers and/or learning induced by either the technology investment, or the R and D efforts.
These direct savings, process efficiency, have environments and health benefits, and there are many spillovers.
These do not direct savings, process efficiency, have environments and health benefits, and there are many spillovers.